A \ Dien dan phai trien _
Khai thac
^-rBao ve
tiem nang bien, hai dao nitdc ta
N
gly nay, nguon t l i nguyin trong d i t liln dang dan can ktet khflng dfl nufli song loll ngudi, xu huflng chung ciia t h i gidi dang hudng ra biln v l d?i dUdng - ndi dd trfl nguon t l i nguyen culi eiing eua loai ngUfli - d l tlm kilm, khai thic nguon tal nguyin nhlm blo dim cic nhu cau ve nguyen, nhiin lieu, nang lddng, thyc pham,... Do vay, biln v l hli dlo CO VI tri die biit quan trpng trong sU nghiip phit trien kinh te - xa hpi cung nhd blo dam quoc phong - an ninh ciia cae qulc giaViit Nam la mflt qufle gia biln trong vung Bien Dong vfli ddflng bd bien d l i trin 3.260 km, vimg dae quyln kinh te gIp hdn 3 lan dien tich dat lien, trin mpt tneu km2, cfl hdn 3.000 hon dlo 16n, nho, trong do cfl hai quin dlo nam I n ngfl ngoai khdi la Hoang Sa v l Trddng Sa.
Biln v l hll dlo nddc ta rlt gilu t l i nguyin thiin nhiin, tilm nangvl nguon
Ipi biln II ylu t l v l t i c nhln die bi§t quan trpng dli vfli vi^c phit tnln d i t nddc. Ve t i l nguyen sinh v l t cfl khoing 11.000 loli sinh v l t eu trfl trong hdn 20 kilu h§ sinh t h l i diln hlnh thupc 6 vflng da dang sinh hpe biln khlc nhau v l 1.300 loll sinh vat tren cle hli dlo.
v l t l i nguyin phi smh vat cfl khoing 35 loai hlnh khoing sin thuOc cic nhflm nhiin lieu, kim loai, vat lieu xly ddng, d l quy v l bin quy, khoang sin Iflng, die biit nhilu nfli cfl triln vong dau khi v l bang chly. Ve t l i nguyen vj the, do cfl Ipi t h i mat tien hudng biln vdi tuyen hlng h l i quoc t l Idn tfl An Dp Dddng sang Thai Binh DUdng, vimg biln rflng ldn vdi nhieu dlo nin da tao eho vung biln nddc ta vj tri dia kmh te v l dja ehlnh trj trpng ylu
Bin eanh dfl, biln v l hli dlo nudc ta eflng I I khong gian smh ton eua mpt bfl phln Idn d i n cU vfli khoing 20 tniu ngdfli din ven biln v l trin ele hli d l o cfl sinh ke trye tiep hay giln tilp phy thupc vio nguon Ipi td biln.
CHU THAI THANH Nhan thflc rfl t l m quan trpng dac bi§t ciia blln v l h l l dlo. Ding v l Nhl nUdc ta da xac djnh nhflng djnh hddng chinh tn cd bin v l quin ly v l phit tnln kinh t l bien d l o gan vdi blo dim qulc phflng - an ninh v l blo vp Ipi ich qulc gia tr&i bien. Muc tieu tong quit m l Chiln lUpc biln Vipt Nam den nam 2020 da d l ra I I : "Oin nam 2020, phan dlu dda nddc ta trfl thlnh quoe gia manh v l biln, lam gilu tfl biln, blo d i m vflng chac quyln, chu quyln quoe gia trin biln, dlo, gop phln quan trpng trong sU nghiip cong nghiip hfla, hiin dai hoa, llm eho dit nudc gilu manh."
Tren cd sfl muc tiiu dfl, trong thdi gian qua Ding va Nhl nddc ta da d l ra nhflng ehu tn/dng, chinh saeh quan trpr^
nhlm quin ly, blo vp v l phit triln toln diin elc ITnh vdc kinh t l , xa hpi, ktioa hpc - cflng nghe, t i n g eudng ciing co quoc phflng, an ninh, blo v i vflng chac dfle lip, ehu quyen, quyen chfl quyln vS quyln t l i phln ciia ta trin cle vung blln v l t h l m luc dja, llm eho d i t nddc gau
>
^^^3\ < « M
m
2 0 HANOIIUVIETNAM • S6'7/201
_ Dim ddn phdt trien
- • i l l
manh td biln, BVMT biln. Qui trinh thde hiin Chiln Idpc bien Viit Nam den nam 2020 da dat dupe nhflng thlnh tUu quan trpng sau:
Cle cap, elc nglnh tfl trung Udng din dia phUdng da t l chflc hpc t i p , quin triit v l t h i c h l hfla Nghj quylt de cln bfl, ding viin va cflng ding quin tnet tinh thin cfla Nghi quyet so 09-NQ/TW Hfli nghj lln thfl 4 Ban Chap hlnh Trung Udng Ding khfla X v l Chiln lupc bien Viit Nam din nam 2020 v l Nghj quylt s i 27 cfla Chinh phu thUe hien Nghi quylt s i 09 Ban Chip hlnh Tmng ddng Ding khfla X.
Chinh phli, Thil tuflng Chinh phii da ban hlnh nhilu van bin ey t h i hfla Nghi quylt so 27/2007/NQ-CR trong dfl cfl Nghj djnh so 25/2009/ND-CP ngly 06/3/2009 eua Chinh phii ve quin ly tong hpp t l i nguyin v l blo v i mfli trddng bien, hll dlo.
Thuc hiin Quylt dmh so 47/2006/
QD-TTg ngay 01/3/2006 ciia Thfl tddng Chinh phli phi duyit "Ol I n tong the ve dieu tra cd ban v l quin \^ t l i nguyin - mfli tnfdng bien den nam 2010, tam nhin din nam 2020" (De I n 47), bddc dau Chung ta da ban hlnh nhieu chinh saeh ve quin ly t l i nguyin v l blo v i moi tnJdng biln; eflng tie dieu tra ed bin t l i nguyin, moi tn/dng bien da dat dupe mpt so kit qui quan trpng nhU: dja hlnh day biln, dja chat khoing sin, dja dpng Idc, dia chat mfli trudng, tai biln dja chat, tai nguyen smh vat, tai nguyin vl t h i , d i t dai, tilm nang nude fl mpt so vimg ven blln, mpt so hli dlo v l mpt so cfla song;
ITnh vdc bao v i t l i nguyen v l moi trudng biln budc dau da phit huy t i e dung;
eong tic dlo tao nguon nhln lyc dap dng cho nhu elu phat tnen cle nganh, ITnh vdc kinh te bien ddpc chfl trpng; hpp tic quoe te ve dieu tra cd bin, quin iy tai nguyin v l blo ve moi tn/dng biln da thu dupe nhilu kit qua tao dilu kien thuin ldi cho viic phat trien kinh t l bien. Hi thing CP quan quan ly ting hpp, thing nhat v l bien v l hai dlo fl Trung ddng v l dja phUdng tilp tuc ddde kien toln, cflng
C O .
Cong tac tuyin truyen ve bien v l hli dlo nhim nlng eao nhan thflc ve vi trf, vai trfl cfla biln, dao doi vdl sd nghiip xiy ddng v l blo v i To quoc; dac biet la nhin thde v l biln da dupe the hien kha dly dfl trong ehlnh sleh phit trien cfla eae nglnh cfl liin quan v l elc dia phddng cfl biln. D I I n "Day manh cong tie tuyin tmyen v l quin ly, blo ve v l phit triln
H
^..tV^ i ^
'4' ~U,
ben vflng bien v l hli dlo Viet Nam" ddpc Thu tddng Chinh phu phi duyet da ddpc ele bfl, nganh, dja phUdng lien quan tieh cde triln khai thue hiin dflng tien dp.
Vdi viic thde hiin Chiln Iddc biln Viit Nam din nam 2020, quy mfl kinh t l biln va viing ven biln tang lin, cd eau nganh, nghe thay doi eiing vdi sd xult hiin eae nglnh kmh t i , djch vy mfli nhu khai thIe dau khi, tim kilm cflu hfl, cflu nan,...
Vung blln va ven biln cfl dflng gflp ldn vao xuat khau. Nglnh khai thae, ehe bien dlu khi da v l dang trd thlnh mflt nganh kinh t l - ky thuat quan trpng. Cflng tic tim kilm, tham dfl, khai thac, ehe bien, tang trfl, phan phoi dich vu va xuat nhap khau dlu khi dang tflng budc dupe holn ehlnh. Tip doln Dau khi qulc gia Viit Nam dang dupe xay ddng thlnh mpt tap doan manh fl khu vpc Dflng Nam A. Ve kinh te hlng hli, ndflc ta da phit triln nhanh h i thong cing bien, dpi tlu bien va he thong djch vy hlng hli.
Viet Nam cfln tham gia v l thde hien dly dli h i thong lult phip, cae eong Udc qulc te ve hang h l i , dae biit la trong elc ITnh vdc an toln hlng hli v l blo v i moi trudng bien Da tien hanh quy hoach, xly dung v l phat tnen ed sd ha tang phye vu cho khai thic, nufli trong va chi biln hli sin. Day manh cong tic xuc tiin du Ijch, da dang hfla va nang cao eae san pham v l djch vu du Ijch bien vfli nhilu hinh thflc nhu lan bien, cau c l , tim hilu ddi sing ddfli bien, cae boat dpng t h i thao.
Idflt van, dua thuyen buom .. gflp phan tao ra eae sin pham du Ijch biln Viit Nam dae sac. Tflng bufle, elc khu kinh t i , cac khu cflng nghiip tap trung va khu chi xuat ven bien gan vdi phat trien cac khu do thi ven biln da dupe hinh thanh v l phat trien, tao ra dpng lue thuc day sd ehuyen dieh nhanh ed cau nin kinh t i theo hudng cflng nghiip hoa, hien dai hfla. Bufle dau da hinh thlnh 18 khu kmh te hudng bien. Da cfl bddc phat trien mfli fl mpt so hll dlo, vai tro kmh t l v l ket clu ha tang tren elc dlo ddpc tang len rfl ret, hinh thlnh he thong giao thong tren dao, nhieu dlo gan bd cfl diin ludi, dlo xa bfl CO miy phat diin, diin mat trdi, dien gio v l cd sfl cung clp nUdc ngpt Mpt so dlo s i phit triln thanh nhdng trung t l m kinh te hdflng bien nhu \Sn Don, Cat Hli, Phu Quy, Cfln Dao, Phu Quoe.
Mae du da dat dUpe nhflng thanh tUu quan trpng trong viec quin ly, bao ve, phat triln kmh t l bien, song ehung ta cung dang phli doi mat vdi nhieu thich thde liin quan din t l i nguyin v l moi trddng bien; dac biit II tinh trang khai thac, sfl dung tai nguyin va mfli trfldng blln thiiu bin vflng, lam suy giam cac nguon Ipi thuy sin va da dang smh hpc, suy gilm cle t\e sinh thai bien v l 6 nhiem moi trddng bien, hli dao, nhat II fl nhiim mfli tn/dng nhflng vung bien ven bd, hinh thlnh nin ele dilm nflng 6 nhiem.
Trong tien trinh phat tnln dat nudc theo hudng ben vflng, ehung ta can phit , HAXGHAIVlfiTNAM • SO'7/201 3
^
Dim ddn phdt trien _ triln hll hoa ele m|t kmh te, xa hpi v l mfli truflng. Nhan thde ddde van d l nly, Nhl nddc ta da no luc hlnh d^ng nhlm hddng tfli muc tieu quin \^, blo ve v l phit tnen ben vflng biln, hli dlo Viet Nam. De dat ddpc myc tiiu nay, trong thdi gian tfli, chflng ta cln phli: Tilp tuc holn thiin ehinh sleh, phip lult phye vy cho eflng tic quin ly ting hpp t l i nguyin va blo vp mfli trudng biln, hli dlo. Day manh viec holn thipn, cung e l to chflc v l b$ miy quin ly nhl ndflc v l biln v l hli dlo tfl trung Udng din dja phddng du manh d l chl d?o phit tnln cfl hieu qui kinh t l biln v l hli dlo.T|p trung phit tnen nguon nhan lUe cfl chit idpng cao eho eflng tic quin ly biln v l hli dlo.Phit huy nguln idc trong nUfle, tranh thfl sd ho trp cua qulc te d l phye vy cflng tic quin ly nhl nddc tong hdp v l thong nhat ve bien, hli dlo mang lai hi^u lUc, hiiu qui.
Tuyen truyen ve quin ly, blo ve v l phit tnln ben vflng biln, hli dlo Viet Nam la trich nhiem eiia e l he thong chinh tri, c l truflc mit va liu d l i , nham nang cao y thflc vddn ra biln, lam gilu tfl biln trong cflng ding ngdfli Viet Nam, khang dmh viec thde hiin chii quyen, quyln chfl quyen v l quyen t l i phln quoc gia cua Viet Nam trin cac viing bien, hli dlo trong khu vuc Bien Dong. Thflng qua nhan thflc va hlnh dpng ehung cua cac cd quan, to chflc, c l nhan trong xa hpi, tflng bufle khing dinh vj t h i Viet Nam II mpt quoc gia manh ve biln.
Vfli nhflng hoat dpng cua Tuan le Bien va Hll dlo Viit Nam nam 2013 s i tao dupe sU lan toa trong xa hpi sd dong thuan vdi nhln thflc v l vi tri, vai tro to Ifln ciia blln v l hai dlo, ve trich nhiim blo v i chfl quyln blln, dlo cfla To quIc;
v l y nghTa cua viic khai thac ben vflng t l i nguyin va blo v i moi trddng bien, hll dlo.
Trong thdi gian tdi, cic bp, nganh v l ele dja phddng ven bien cln phoi hpp chat ehe v l tnln khai cfl hieu qui cong tic quin ly nhl nddc tong hdp va thong nhat blln v l hli dIo; dong thfll mot ngUdi dan, mfli cpng dong cfl nhflng hlnh dpng thiet thue trong viec "Chung tay hlnh dpng vi biln dao que hddng", gflp phan thuc hiin thing ldi Nghi quyet Hfli nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung ddng lan thfl 4 {Khoa X) ve Chiln lupc Bien Viet Nam den nlm 20201^
i2jHANGHAlVlfiTNAM • So7/2013
CUC HANG HAL.
» Tiip ^«o trang 7\
lOO.OOODWT), cflng suit thflng qua td 28-34 tri^u t i n ;
Dtf in cing trung chuyin qu6c t^ \^n Phong; I I vj tr( cd du t h i v l dilu ki$n tp nhiin vdi chilu d l i dudng bd biln trin 10km, vdi dO slu ty nhiin Ifln, khflng t i n k i m trong dlu tu h? ting dfi chin sflng, lulng t l u vio cing, cho phip tilp nh|in t l u container trpng t i l ldn nhlt hi§n nay 18.000TEU, VSn Phong h^i ty dli nhflng dilu ki§n cln d l phit triln mflt cing trung chuyin container t l m cfl qulc t l . Chinh phii Vi^t Nam kiu gpi sp quan t l m cfla cic nhl dlu tU, nhl khai thic cing, cic hang t l u qulc t l tham gia phit triln cing \an Phong.
Dtf in ning c^p tuyen Iu6ng tiu biin Cii Mip-Thi W/: Dly II dp I n dang dupe Cyc Hlng hli Viet Nam trien khai nghien cflu de dim blo eho t l u trpng t l i din v l trin lOO.OOODWT cfl t h i ra vio cle ben cing khu vdc Cli Mip- Thj Vli thudng xuyen (hiin nay t l u trin 80.000DWT phli thpc hi$n trong elc dilu kiin ban chl hlnh hli);
Du in luong cho tiu trong tii lO.OOODWT (20.000DWT giim tii) vio song Hiu: day I I dy I n dang dUpc Cue Hlng hll Viet Nam triln khai bing nguln vln ngin sleh nham thflc day phit trien kmh t l v l phit triln giao thddng hang hfla eho khu vdc dong bang song Cflu Long.
Tip tmng phit triin djch vy kinh te biin; dio tao ngu6n nhin ltfc cho cic nginh kinh ti biin vi phit triin logistics.
Ciing nhu cic tinh ven biln, H I TTnh dang n6 Iflc hit minh nhlm phit triln nhanh, m?nh kinh te bien v l bdfle dlu da dat ddpc kit q u i ding ghi nh§n. Khu kinh t l Vung Ang - H I TTnh I I mpt trong 05 khu kinh te ven biln ddpc Thii tdflng Chinh phfl phe duypt du tiin phit triln giai doan 2013-2015. Dly I I du the ldn cho viec phit triln khu kmh t l Vung Ang noi riing, phat trien kinh t l xa hpi tlnh H I TTnh v l khu vdc nfli chung. Den nay, rieng khu Kmh t l Vung Ang da thu hut hang tram du I n dau tU trong va ngoli nude vdl so vln dau td lin den hlng chuc ty USD. CIng Vung Ang vfli hai khu ben dUa vio quin ly, khai thic hiiu qui da tao tien d l eho viee xem xit d i u td cac ben tilp theo nham d i p flng nhu clu xult nhap khau hang hfla cfla H I
Tlnh v l khu vpc l l n e|n cung nhd hlng hda xult nhap kh^u v l q u i eInh cda ndflc b^n Llo v l viing Ddng Bae Thli Lan. Vdi chu tnidng da d^ng hoa hlnh thflc d l u tu , khai thic v l quin 1;^ cing j biln, bin cing s i 3 d n g Vung Ang dang ddpc kiu gpi d l u td theo mfl hinh cong I td k i t hpp (PPP).
C3n cfl v i o Quyet djnh phe duy^
quy hoaeh chi t i l t cing Sdn Dddngoigly 28/7/2009 cila Bp Giao thflng v|in tli, Cye Hlng hli VIpt Nam da phi duyit quy ho^ch xly dyng bin d n g chuyen dung Khu liin hpp Gang thip Sdn Dddng Fomiosa H I Tinh bao glm 13 bin cing trong giai do^n I, trong dfl b l tri 3 bin eho l l u cfl trpng t l i 300.000 DV^H". 2 bin cho t l u trpng t l i 200,000 DWT, v l 8 bin cfln i^i cho cic cfl tSu td 10.000 din 70.000 t i n . CIng Sdn Dddng sau khi holn thlnh se trfl thanh cing chuyin dyng Ifln nhlt Viet Nam cho t l u t l i tn?ng 300.000 DWT ra, vao llm hlng phye vu nhl miy luyin thIp v l n h i i t d i ^ n . CIng biln Vung Ang-Sdn Dddng thpc sy I I mpt cfla md Ifln ciia khu vpc B I C miln Trung thflc day dlu td phit triln, h$i nh|p kmh te qulc t l khflng chi rieng tinh H I TTnh m l cfln la dlu moi thflc dly hlnh lang kinh t l tfl cing biln Sdn Dddng - Vung Ang qua cfla khau C^u Treo sang nflfle ban Llo v l vimg Dong Bic Thil Lan.
Trong xu t h i hpi nh^p kinh t l qulc t l , kinh t l thudng mai hlng hli ngay eing git/ vai trfl trpng yeu trong thUdng mai toln cau. L l mpt qulc gia dang d l phit triln theo hudng cdng nghiep, thddng mai, djch vu, Viet Nam tiep tuc dau td hoin thiin dong bfl h i thong ha tang thilt y l u trong dfl cfl h i tiiong giao thflng nglnh hlng h l i gom h i thong cic cing biln, d c cd sfl dflng sfla chfla tlu, dfli t l u biln, d l o tao nguon nhln iflc, hpp t i c qulc t l . . . di d i p dng yiu clu hpi nhap. Vdi nhflng dinh hdflng md trong dau td ha tang n ^ n h Hang hli, Cyc Hlng hli Vipt Nam lufln chao don, hoan nghinh d c nha dlu td trong va ngoli nfldc quan tam, hdp t i e dau tU vio ITnh vdc hlng h l i . V l phia Cye Hang hll Viit Nam luon tao diiu kiin va tilp tye dly manh cli cich v l cle thii tyc hlnh chinli, mfli trfldng dlu td de tao niim tin cho d c nhl dlu tu khi dau til vio ITnh vyc hlng hli tai Vi^t Nam W
