Cong nghiep rung
XAY DlTNG CO S d DU" LIEU CUA M O T SO LOAI VAN TRANG TRI SU* DUNG TRONG TRANG StTC VAN NHAN TAO Pham Thi Anh Hong
ThS. Trudng Dai hoc Ldm nghiep TOM TAT
Van trang tri la cac loai van mong co mau sac, van tho dep, do bong cao, c6 kha nang chong am, nuoc, acid v^ chiu mSi m&n rat tot Vi vay, chiing thuong duac diing de trang tri be mat cho mot so loai van nhan tao vdi muc dich li !&m tang tinh Xhim my va cai thien tinh n^ng bl mSt cua vSn. Mot so lo^i vdn trang tri nhu: vSn lang go, giay tam keo, van lang tong hop, tam trang siic Melamin, mang mong PVC,... De thuan tiln cho cong tac giang day v^ hoc lap, bai b^o da cong bo ket qua ve co sd dir lieu ciia mot so lo?i van trang tri sii dung trong trang sue van nhSn tao. Ket qua dat dupe la: Phan loai duoc mpt so loai van trang tri; Lap dupe file anh mpt so mau van trang tri dang dupe sii dung trSn thi truong; Xay dung dugc ca sa du lieu cho mot sfl loai van trang tri d cdc khi'a canh: Cach nhan biet san pham, xuat xii, phuong phap san xuat, dac tinh ky thult, pham vi sii dung va mpt so Iiru y sii dung van; Lap dupe bang tra ciiu pham vi sii dung cho mpl so loai van trang tri dting trong trang siic van nhan tao.
Tu khoa: Ca sa dir lieu, trang sdv, vdn nhan tgo, I. D^T VAN DE
Cac loai van nhan tao (van dam, van sgi, van dan,...) dugc sii dung vdi nhieu muc dich khac nhau trong cuoc sdng nhu: vach ngan, ban, ghe, giudng, tu,... bdi nd cd uu diem re, ft bi mdi mpt va ft bi cdn triing xam hai,... Tuy nhien, be mat cua chiing cd mau sac khong dep, dp bdng khdng cao, kha nang chiu im, nude kem han nhieu so vdi gd ty nhien. Vi vay, cSc loai van nhSn tao trudc khi dua vao sii dung, be mat cua chiing can dugc trang sue bang mpt sd loai van trang tri vdi muc dich 1^
nang cao chat lupng van ndn, lam tang tfnh tham my wk cai thien tinh nang bd mat cua van.
Phuang phap trang sure d day chii ylu la dan phu mat. Dan mat la qua trinh cdng nghe ddng vat lieu trang sue dang mieng mdng hoac mang mdng, dung keo (hoac khdng diing keo) din len be mat san ph^m.
Vat lieu trang sue bl mat chfnh la cac loai van trang tri gdm: van lang gd, giiy tam keo, van lang tdng hgp, tim trang siic Melamin, mang mdng PVC,... Day la cac loai van cd mau sic, van thd dep, dp bdng cao, cd kha nang chdng am, nude, acid va chiu mai mon rat tdt. Hien nay, d nude ta da cd mpt sd cdng tnnh nghien ciiu vd cong nghe san xudt ra cac 96
mn trang tri
loai van nay va nang cao chat lugng chiing nhu: bien tinh nang cao dp ben ca hpc, nhudm mau de cai thien mau sac, van thd cho van mdng,... Tuy nhien, den nay van chua cd cong trinh nao nghien ciiu tdng hgp cic loai van trang tn mot each chi tilt, cy thd a cac khi'a canh: dac diem nhan biet, dac tfnh ky thuat, phuang tap tao, each su dung va pham vi su dyng chung. Do do, viec nghign cuu xSy dyng ca sd dii lieu vd cac loai v^n nay dd thuan tien trong cdng lac giang day tai c^c trudng dai hpc, cao ding, trung c4p, trudng day nghe va sii dyng tai cac doanh nghiep thudc ITnh vyc Che bien Lam san la het siic cin thilt va y nghia.
n. Npi DUNG, pmroNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Ndi dung nghien ciru
- Khao sat, phan loai mpt sd loai van trang tri su dung trong trang siic van nhan tao.
- Nghien ciiu xay dung co sd" dii lieu ciia mpt sd loai van trang tri sii dung trong trang sue van nhan tao.
2.2. Phirong phap nghien cihi
Trong nghien cuu chu yeu su dyng 3 phuang phap sau:
- Phuong phap ke thira: Nghien ciiu cac tai lieu CO lien quan;
T^P CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014
Cong nghiep rung Phuang phap chuyen gia: Phdng van
nhirng ngudi cd kinh nghiem trong ITnh vyc li6n quan;
- Phuang phap hien trudng: Tim hieu, khao sat tren thyc tl.
m. KET QUA VA THAO LU^N 3.1. Khai niem v^ van trang tri
Van trang tri la cac loai van mdng dugc dan phii len be mat gd va san pham tu gd vdi muc dfch trang tri, bao ve be mat, tir do nang cao gia tri tham my va cai thien dugc dp ben cho san pham.
Cac loai van trang tri gdm: Van lang gd ty nhien, van lang ky thuat, cac loai giay tam keo, van lang tdng hgp (giay trang siic Melamin, mang phii Polyvinylclorua (PVC), Polyvinylaxetate (PVAC), Polyester (PE),...), tam trang siic Melamin, tam trang siic Laminate - Focmeca,...
3.2. Yeu ciu cff ban cua van trang tri - Be mat trang sue cd tfnh tham my cao.
- Vin trang sue phai du mdng de tao dieu kien cho din ep len bd mat dd dang,
- Co kha nang bam dfnh tdt len van nen.
- Phai cd dp ben dap ling yeu cau.
- Gii thanh phu hgp.
3.3. Phan Io?i van trang tri
Phan loai van trang tri cd the dugc dua vao chieu day, ngudn gdc, hinh dang va hieu qua trang siic.
3.3.1. Cdn cir vao chiiu day - Van trang tri cd chieu dky Idn
(dp day > 1 mm): Tam trang siic Melamin, Formeca, mot sd loai vin lang gd cd chieu day Idn han 1mm.
- Van trang tri cd chilu day trung binh (0,5 mm < dp day <1 mm): Gdm cd mot sd loai van lang gd, giay trang sue Melamin,...
- Van trang tri cd chilu day nhd (dp day < 0,5 mm): Cac loai giay tam keo, giay in van, mang phii Polyvinylclorua (PVC), Polyvinylaxetate (PVAC), Polyester (PE),...
3.3.2. Can cir vdo nguon goc
- Van trang tri cd ngudn gdc tir gd ty nhien:
+ Van lang gd ty nhien: Vin lang xuyen tam, vin lang bin xuydn tim, van lang tiep tuyen.
•*• Van lang ky thuat: Van lang ky thuat xuySn tam, vin lang ky thuat tiep tuyen (2 van, 3 van),...
+ Vin lang nhudm mau: Vin nhudm mau canh gian, vin nhudm mau gu, vin nhudm mau vang nau,...
Van trang trf cd ngudn gdc tir nhya tdng hgp:
+ Van lang tdng hgp: Gdm cd cac loai giay tam keo ddng ran hoan toan, mang phu Polyvinylclorua (PVC), Polyvinylaxetate (PVAC), Polyester (PE),...
+ Giay tam keo: Giay tam keo tir nhya Melamin formaldehyde (M-F), Urea formaldehyde (U-F), Urea melamin formaldehyde (U-M-F), Phenol formaldehyde (P-F).
+ Tam trang siic ciing: Tam trang siic Melamin, tam trang sue Laminate - Focmeca,...
3.3.3. Cdn cu vdo hinh dang
Vin trang tri dang cudn: Vin mdng cudn (van mdng bdc thanh dai dai cung dan vdi dai giay), vin lang tdng hgp dang cudn (giay trang siic Melamin), giay tam keo, giay in van,...
Vin trang trf dang tam: Tam trang siic Cling Melamin, tam trang sue Laminate Formeca,...
Van trang tri dang mang: Mang phu Polyvinylclorua (PVC), Polyvinylaxetate (PVAC), Polyester (PE),...
3.3.4. Cdn cu vdo hieu qua trang s^ be mat - Van trang tri be mat can trang siic tiep (sau khi din mat tien hanh trang siic bang mpt sd loai chit phii Idng trong sudt): Van lang gd ty nhien, vin lang ky thuat, van lang nhudm mau, giay in van hoa....
- Van trang tn be mat da cd chat phu (sau khi dan phu khdng tien hanh trang siic): Giay trang siic Melamin, tam trang siic Melamin, tam trang siic Laminate - Formeca,...
T ^ CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014 97
Cong nghiep rung
3.4. Xay d u n g c a so* d u lieu cua mot so loai van trang t r i
3.4.1. Van lang gd tu nhien 3.4.1.1. Nhan bill san pham
Khdi niem: Van lang go ty nhien la loai vin mdng dugc san xuat ra tir cay gd ty nhien
'^
. . . . A
Hinh 1. Van lang go Soi trdng - My 3.4.1.2. Dac ti'nh ciia vin lang tu nhien
- Vin lang gd tu nhien cd mku sac, vSn thd dep \k cd diy dii cic ti'nh chat ca ly giong vdi chung loai gd san xuat ra nd.
hoac gd rimg trdng b i n g phuang phap lang.
Xudt xu: Van lang dugc san xuat tai Viet Nam, cung cd t h i dugc nhap khiu tii c i c nude:
Nga, My, Trung Qudc, Diic, Nhat Ban, ChSu Phi...
Hinh 2. Vdn lang gd Xoan ddo - Vift Nam - Loai vin nay rat mdng nSn rat de rich, hiit am va nam moc nen can phai bao quan tdt.
- Cd g i i thinh phii hgp.
Bang 1. Ddc tinh ky thuat cua vdn lang gd Kich thudc: Tuy thudc vao
Dpd&y Sai sd chilu d^y Sai sd chieu rong Sai sd chieu dai Sai sd canh thang Sai sd canh vuong gdc Dp ddng mau Dp nhan be mat Dp bdng Dp am
3.4.1.3. Phuong phip san Luachon V
Tieu chf kich thudc
tuat a phi Cat van mong
V' t..
1 ^ 1
in loai
H
1
1
nguyen lieu gd dung
\—*\ Boc vi, lam sach
Say van tncng
Dong goi 1
H
de lang van
| - * | Catkhtic | - Lai^van
1-
Gid tri Rong: > 50mm Dai: > 500mm 0.3 - 3mm + 0,05mm
± 1mm
±2mm 1.125mm/m
<1.5mm/m
>80%
V6-V8
> 8 0 % 8-10%
-." Xc phoi Xu ly nhiet
1
Hinh 3. Sa dd cdng nghe san xuat vdn lang gd
T A P CHI K H O A H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S O 2 - 2014
Cong nghiep rimg 3.4.1.4. Pham vi sii dung
Van lang gd ty nhien thudng dimg de trang siic cho vin dam, van spi, van din, van LVL dung d l san xuix dd mpc nhu: Ban, ghi, giudng, tii, ke, lam vach ngan, dp tran, dp tuong,... cho cac npi thit gia dinh, van phdng, khach san, nha hang,...
3.4.1.5. Luu y su dung
- Do van lang gd cd chieu day mdng, de rich, de bi nam moc, bien mau nen trong van chuyen va q u i tnnh su dung can phai bao quan tdt.
- Khi dan phii len be mat van nhan tao can tring dii va deu keo, neu trang nhieu keo se sinh ra khuyet tat t h i m keo lap mat.
- Khi dan phii, chiing ta nen tring vao van nen, khdng nSn trang vao v i n lang gd de giam thieu rich van va thim keo lap mat.
3.4.2. Vdn lang ky thuat 3.4.2.1. Nhan biet san pham
- Khdi niem: Vin lang ky thuat (Engineered Wood), ten hpc thuat la go trang siic td chiic lai (Reconstitued Decorative Lumber), dung loai van mdng (bdc hoac lang)
Wc c<
Hinh 4. Van lang ky thuat san xuit tir go Bb de va Keo tai tir^g
3.4.2.2. Dac ti'nh ciia vin lang ky thuat Van lang ky thuit gift lai thupc tfnh tu nhidn nhu each nhiet, each dien, dilu am, dieu nhiet cua gd ty nhien va cd cic dac diem sau:
+ Mau sic, van tha phong phii va da dang.
gd mpc nhanh rimg trdng hoac gd binh thudng lam nguyen lieu chu yeu, dimg ky thuat dieu che mau v i n mdng, ep lap, ep khudn dan dinh hinh che tao thanh, la mpt loai vat lieu trang siic chat gd kieu mdi cd dac ti'nh cam giae chat, hoa van, mau sac cua loai gd quy ty nhien hoac hoa van nghe thuat khic.
Van lang ky thuat do vin mdng ep lop td chiic lai ma thanh. Thdng thudng, chieu day ciia van mdng nhu nhau, chieu thd song song nhau. Quy each cua vin lang ky thuat cd the can cir cdng dung khic nhau tryc tiep che tao thanh kfch thudc quy each can. Ket cau cua nd do van mdng va lap keo dan cau thanh, ve lugng keo dua Idn rat nhd, lop keo d i n cua nd chii yeu lay hinh thiic Idp hon hop keo din va v i n mdng tdn tai. Lop keo din van lang ky thuat md phdng vdng sinh truong hoac vdng nam ciia gd tu nhien thiet ke. Nhu thi, tren mat cat cua van lang ky thuat lop keo din va lap van mdng cau thanh hoa van du dinh thiet ke.
Xudt xic: Hien nay, van lang ky thuat da dugc san xuat tai Viet Nam va dugc nhap khau tir Trung Quoc, My, Indonesia, Nga, Chau Au,...
Hinh 5. Van lang ky thuat diroc nhap khiu tir My
cd the tao van thd theo y muon.
+ Tfnh nang vat ly, c a hpc cang uu viet.
+ Ty le lgi dung tdng hpp san xuat va ty le lgi dung thanh pham cao.
+ Loai bd khuyet tat ty nhien ciia gd ty nhien.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014 99
Cong nghiep rimg
3.4.2.3. Phucmg phip san xuat v i n lang ky thuat Thilt kl san
pham
Xip phoi
Bdc va )han loai van mdng
Trang keo van mdng
Chinh I)' vin mdng
Say vSn mdng
Siy vin mdng
cat van mdng
"'
Nhupm mau sic van mdng
Ep khudn dinh hinh
On dinh hop gdKT — •
Doc canh hop gdKT — •
Lang vin
San pham van lang KT thuat Hinh 6. Sa do cong nghe san xuat vdn lang ky thuat
3.4.2.4. Pham vi sii dung
Vin lang ky thuat cd the diing trang siic cho tat ca cac loai van nhan tao.
3.4.3. Giay tam keo 3.4.3.1. Nhan biet san pham
- Khdi niem: Giay tam keo la loai giay dugc sin xuat tft giay gdc va nhya qua qui
trinh ngam tam va say khd dong ran chua hoin toan. Cac loai nhya dung de san xuat giay tam keo gdm: U-F, M-F, U-M-F, P-F,... Cac loai nhya n^y phai cd dp da ty thip.
- Xudt xu: Trdn thi trudng hien nay, giay tam keo chu yeu dugc nhap khau tir Trung Qudc.
Hinh 7. Mpt sd mdu giay tam keo 3.4.3.2. D i e diem va tfnh chit
- Giay tam keo cd mau sac va van thd da dang v i phong phii.
- Nhua tdng hgp trong giiy t i m keo chua ddng r5n hoin toan. Diy la diem khac biet cua giay tam keo so vdi cac loai van lang tdng hgp.
3.4.3.3. Phuang p h i p sin xuit
- C i c loai nhya thudng diing d l san xuit giiy t i m keo: U-F, M-F, U-M-F, P-F,... C i c loai nhya nay phai cd do da tu thip.
- Giay tam keo khi cd nhiet, keo ndng chay va ddng rin. Do do, khi d i n phii ISn b l mat vin nhan tao khong c i n keo din.
Keo tam [—^| Kicmtra~|x^
Giaygfic l ^ l Q g m t r a j
Tam keo
H ^
Ta dong goi Lam lanh Hinh i.Sado cong nghe san xuSt gi&y t&m keo3.4.3.4. Pham vi su dung
Giay tam keo dugc su dung chu y6u ii trang siic cho van dam, van sgi, van dan,...
diirig lam vach ngan, 6p trSn, 6p tuong, san xuat do mgc,...
3.4.3.5. Mot s6 luu y su dung
- Khi dung giay tam keo dan phia 16n b8 mat van nhan tao kh6ng can su dung keo dan.
- Khi ti&l hanh dan phij giiy tim keo len bd mat van cin phai sii dyng phucmg phap ep nhiet.
100 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE L A M NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014
Cdng nghiep rimg 3.4.4. Vdn lang tdng hap
_ Van lang tdng hgp la loai giay tam keo dong ran hoan toan (ham lugng keo hoa tan <3%) hoac vin trang siic tdng hgp cd chilu day rat mdng (mang phii Polyvinylclorua (PVC), Polyvinylaxetat (PVAc), polyester (PE), giiy trang siic Melamin. Chieu day cua cic loai van lang tdng hgp rit mdng, thudng 0.05-0.6mm.
3.4.4.1. Giiy trang siic Melamin
a. Nhan biet sin pham
- Khdi niem: Giay trang siic Melamin la loai giay dugc san xuat tir giay gdc va nhua Melamin formaldehydy qua qui trinh ngam tam va say khd ddng ran hoan toan.
- Xudt xu: Giay trang siic Melamin sir dyng trang siic len be mat van nhan tao cd xuat xii tir Malaysia va Diic, Trung Qudc.
Hinh 9. Mpt sd mdu sdc vd hoa vdn cua giay trang sue Melamin b. Dac tfnh ky thuat
- Giay trang siic Melamine cd dp day rat mdng: 0,4 - irmn.
- Giay Melamin cd mau sac, hoa van phong phu va da d^g.
- Ddng deu ve mau sac.
c. Phuang phip san xuat
- Khi dan phu be mat vin nhan tao bang loai vat lieu nay cd the lam tang tfnh chiu mai mdn be mat, tfnh chiu nhiet, tfnh chiu nude, tinh ben vdi hoa chat, chdng mdi mpt, cong venh cho van va ciing cho be mat bdng phang, de ve sinh.
- Gia thanh phii hpp.
Giay gdc trang sue Nhira Melamin Dieu kien thap dp
Say . Giay tam Melamin
d. Pham vi sir dyng
Giiy trang siic Melamin diing de din phii bl mit van dam, vin sgi, vin dan,... San pham vin sau khi trang siic dugc ling dung vao sin xuit dd mpc nhu: Tii, giudng, ban ghi, ke, vach ngan. dp tran, tudng,...
e. Luu y su dyng
- Giiy trang sue Melamin da ddng ran hoan toan trong qui tnnh say nen khi din phii be mat vin nhan tao cin phii sii dung keo dan.
- San pham mpc dugc san xuat tii vin nhin tao phii Melamin nen dung trong ndi thit. Ddi vdi khu im udt nhu: Tu bep, toilet, tii Toilet,
vach toilet, lavabo, khu ve sinh thi nen sur dung vin nhan tao phii Melamine chdng im.
3.4.4.2. Mang phii Polyvinylclorua (PVC) a. Nhan biet san pham
- Mang Polyvinylclorua (PVC) la vat lieu dugc tao ra tir bot PVC, chat dn dinh nhiet, chat bdi tron, chat phu gia,... vi chat hoi deo neu tao mang PVC mem hoac khdng cd chat hoa deo neu tao mang PVC ciing thdng qua qui trinh tron, nghien, lpc, cin dinh hinh d nhiet dp 160-180 C.
- San phim PVC cd nhieu loai: Mang mdng va mang ciing vdi nhiing mau sac khac nhau.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014 101
Cong nghiep rirng
+ Mang mdng PVC cd dp day tir: 0.04-0.5mm.
+ Mang Cling PVC cd dp day tu 0.5 - 1.5mm - Xudt xic: Tren thi trudng hien nay cd san
phim mang PVC dugc san xuit tai Cong ty nhya Rang Ddng va dugc nhap khiu tir Trung Qudc, Diie, My,...
Hinh 10. Mdu sdc vd hoa vdn cua mdng phu PVC b. Die tinh ky thuat
- PVC khdng ddc, nd chi ddc bdi chat phu gia.
- PVC la loai vit lieu cd dp ben keo diit, dp gian durt cao, cd kha nang chdng chiu an mon va each dien tdt.
- PVC thudng sii dung them cic chat hda deo tao cho mang PVC nay cd ti'nh mem deo, dai va de gia cdng han.
c. Phuang phip sin xuat
Dp mem deo cua mang PVC phu thudc vao ham lugng chat hda deo. Chat hda dec thudng dung la DOP (Dioctyl phthalate), DINP (Diisononyl phthalate, BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate),...
- Lap phii be mat ngoai bang PVC cd kha nang chdng xudc, chdng tham nude, dp ben cao va de ve sinh.
- Gii thanh phii hgp.
Nguyen heu Tr6n nguyen lieu Lpc
Kiem tra, dong g6i san pham Cuon mang L&mngu6i ^ p van Cdn mang Hinh 11. Sadd cong nghgtgo
e. Pham vi ling dyng cua mang PVC Mang mdng PVC cung dugc dimg de dan phu be mat van dim, vin sgi, vin dan,... San pham vin sau khi trang siic bing chit lieu PVC dugc ling dung vio sin xuit dd mpc nhu: Tu, giudng, ban ghe, ke, vach ngan, dp trin, tudng,...
3.4.5. Tam trang sut Melamin cStgidy
mdng PVC theo phuong phdp cdn 3.4.5.1. Nhan biet san pham
- Tam trang siic Melamin cdt giiy dugc san xuat ra tu cic loai giay tam nhya Melamin formaldehyde (giay gdc Idp mat, giay goc trang sue, giay gdc che phu) ket hgp vdi Idp giay tim nhya Phenol formaldehyde {giay goc lap nen) xep thanh phoi va dp thanh tam.
- Xuat xii: Da phin dugc nhap khau tir nude ngoai nhu: Trung Qudc, My, Nhat Ban, Diic,...
102
Hinh 12. Mdu sac cua vdn trang sdv Melamin
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014
Cong nghiep rirng 3.4.5.2. Dae diem va tfnh chit
- Tam trang siic Melamine cd mau sac va cae hoa tiet rit da dang.
- Cd be mat bdng, phang nhan, eiing, chiu mai mdn tdt, chiu nhiet, chiu nude tdt, b i n vdi hoa chat, d l ve sinh va cd k h i nang chdng xudc rat tot.
3.4.5.3. Phuang p h i p sin xuit
- Kfch thudc van thudng cd be mat rat Idn, cd t h i tdi 10 m^. Chilu rong v i n thudng tir
1,2-1,5 m, chilu dai tu 1,5 - 2,44 m, chieu d i y thudng 0,5-1,5 mm.
- Loai vat lieu trang siic nay chi tdn tai d dang tam.
- Co gia thanh phil hop.
Giay goc lop mat
Giay goc trang sue Giay goc che phu
Giay goc lop nen
xip Ph6i
Nliya Melamin ^ Tam Dieu kien cao dp " ^^
Nhua Melamin T i m Diiu kien cao dp "^"^^
Nhua Melamin Tam Dieu kien cao dp^^^^
Nhua Melamin Tam
*• S a y •
- Say -
siy - - siy - Dieu kien cao dp ""Va
•• Ep nhiet — ^ Tam trang sue Melamin
Giay tam lop mat
Giay [am trang siic
Giay tam che phu
Giay tam \ap nen
H i n h 1 3 . Sa do cdng nghe tao tam trang sue Melamin 3.4.5.4. Pham vi su dyng
Dugc diing dan mat cho van nhan tao de sin xuit do mpc nhu: giudng, tu, ban ghe, vich ngan,... Ngoai ra, nd cdn dugc dimg trong kien tnic, xe cd, tau thuyen, hang khdng,...
3.4.5.5. Luu y su dyng
- Trudc khi trang siic, tam Melamine can dugc datih nhin mat day de tang kha nang bam dfnh vao v i n nen.
- Cd t h i phu mpt mang mdng len b l mat tim trang siic hoac trang Idn b l mat mpt Idp bao ve. Hdn hgp mudi natri va kah cua axit beo, rugu nhilu bac. Ndng dp chit nay la 2 -
10%, chilu day Idp phun la 5 -15 ^m.
- Khi dan phii, c i n phai trang keo du,
deu toan bd be mat can din va tring Imat hoac ca 2 mat cua vin nen va tam Laminate.
3.4.6. Tam trang sue Laminate - Formeca 3.4.6.1. Nhan biet s i n pham
- T i m trang siic Laminate la vat lieu dugc che tao theo cdng nghe HPL (High Pressure Laminate), bao gdm 3 Idp, trong do: Idp giay nen chii yeu la bdt giay dugc ep tuin hoan d che dp cao.
- Tren be mat ed 2 Idp, mpt Idp tao my thuat bang ky thuat in va mpt Idp nhya Melamin bao ve
Xudt xu: Tren thi trudng hien nay cd sin p h i m Trung Qudc, Thii Lan, Malaysia, An Dp va My.
Hinh 14: Mot so mdu s&c cua tam Laminate -Formeca
T/U> CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014 103
Cong nghiep rirng 3.4.6.2. Dac diem va tfnh chit:
+ Tam trang sire Laminate cd mau sac ddng diu, hoa van da dang va phong phii (khoang 100-120 mau khac nhau).
+ Kha ning chiu lye va va dap tdt.
+ Khdng tham nude.
+ Chiu nhiet dp cao.
+ Cd k h i ning chiu triy xudc tdt.
+ Cd kha nang chdng vi khuan an b i m , ben vdi cac hoi chat.
+ Mau sac ddng deu va giii van ty nhien ben dep.
+ Cd the udn cong theo yeu cau thiet ke ndi thit, tien dung trong thi cdng.
+ De ve sinh, lau chui, tay nia.
+ Gii thanh phD hgp.
3.4.6.3. Phuong phip san xuat
Tam Laminate dugc che tao theo cdng nghe HPL (High Pressure Laminate), c a ban gdm 3 Idp: Overlay, Decorative Paper va Kraft Paper lien ket chat che vdi nhau bang keo Melamine trong q u i trinh 6p a nhiet dp va ap suit cao.
Ldp Overlay (Idp mang phu) tren cung dugc bao phii bdi mot lap keo Melamine trong sudt, cd tie dung dn dinh va tao dp ciing cho be mat, chiu lira, chdng xudc, chdng va dap, chdng phai miu, chdng sy x i m nhap cua cac vi khuan va mdi mpt, chdng lai tic dpng ciia h o i chat va de ve sinh lau chui.
Decorative Paper la ldp phim tao mau my thuat , c i c mau mau v i hoa van dugc thiet ke tren m i y rdi in len loai giay phim dac biet nay, dudi tie dung bdi luc ep d nhiet dp cao 220"C, ldp mang phii (Overlay) ndng chiy va bam chit vao ldp giay phim, giiip cho b l mat Laminate luon ben mau va that mau.
Kraft Paper (ldp giiy nIn) bao gdm nhilu ldp giiy nIn (Kraft) dugc ep chit vdi nhau dudi tac dung ciia lye ep d nhiet dp cao. Tuy theo yeu ciu ve dp day ciia tim Laminate ma ting giam lupng giiy nIn cho phu hgp. Giiy nen dugc lam chii yeu tir bdt giiy va phu gia ep tuan hoan d chi dp cao (300 kg/cm" va nhiet dp 125 C), nen ben, dai, cd mau nau hoac x i m vdi dinh lugng 50-135 g/cm^.
3.4.6.4. Pham vi ling dung
T i m trang siic Laminate dugc iing dung d l trang siic cho van dim, van sgi, vin din,...
diing lam vach ngan, dp tudng, dp trin, san
xuit dd mpc: ban ghi, tii b i p , tu trang trf, ke, ciia, ban trang diem,...
Ngoai ra, nd cdn thfch hgp diing cho cac san p h i m ngoai trdi nhu dp mat tien, bang hieu, npi that noi cdng cpng.
3.4.6.5. Luu y sir dyng
- Trudc khi trang siic, tam Laminate can dugc danh nhin mat d i y de tang kha nang bam dfnh vao vin nen.
Be mat cua s i n pham can d i n tim Laminate phii phang nhan, sach.
- Khi d i n phii, can phai trang keo dii, diu toan bp be mat can dan va tring Imat hoac ca 2 mat ciia san pham cin din va tam Laminate.
IV. KET LU^N
- Bai b i o da phan loai dugc mot sd loai van trang trf su: dyng trong trang siic vin nhan tao.
- X i y dung dugc c a sd du lieu cho mpt sd loai van trang tri sir dung trong trang siic vin nhin tao d cic khfa canh: Cich nhan biet sin pham, xuat xti, phuang p h i p s i n xuat, d i e tinh ky thuat, pham vi sir dung va mpt sd luu y sir dung van.
- Da lap dugc bang tra ciiu pham vi su dyng cho mpt sd loai v i n trang trf dung trong trang sue van nhan tao.
- Qua qua trinh tim hieu thyc te cho thay nhu ciu sir dyng van trang tri cho trang siic be mat vin nhin tao d nude ta l i rat Idn. Hi6n nay, trong cic c a sd che bien gd chu yeu sir dung c i c loai v i n dam, van sgi, vin dan phu Melamine, phii mang PVC, tam Laminate vi v i n ghdp thanh phii veneer,... de san xuat ra cic s i n pham ban ghe, giudng, tu, ke, lam vach ngan, dp tudng, dp trin,...
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Trin Van Chii (2004). Cong ngh? trang sue vat lieu go. Nxb Nong nghiep, Hk Noi.
2. Tnrong Dai hoc Lam nghiep (2003). Chdt lieu vd cong nghe trang sue. Tai lieu dich tieng Trung, Ha Tay.
3. Tniong D^i hpc L3m nghiep (2005). Cong ngh?
trang sue bien dgi. Tai lieu djeh tieng Anh, Ha TSy.
4. Tniong Dai hoc Lam nghiep (2003). Trang sue be mdi vdn nhan lao. Tai lieu dich tieng Trung, Ha TSy,
5. Trin Thi Yin (2010). "NghiSn cuu su anh hudng do dm vd ly suat nen cua hgp go ky thuql den chdt lufmg vdn lang ky thuat"- Luan van thac sy, Tniong Dai hpc Lam nghiep. Ha Npi.
6. Tieu chuan Viet Nam (1988). Vdn lang TCVN 4358-86. Ha Npi.
104 TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014
Cong nghiep rumg
BUILDING DATABASE OF SOME KIND OF ORNAMENTAL DECK
USE IN JEWELRY ARTIFICIAL BOARD
Pham Thi Anh HongSUMMARY
Ornamental deck is thin veneers have color, marbling beautiful, high gloss, resistant humid, water, acid and very good abrasion. So, they are often used to decorate surface for some kind of artificial boards vi-ith the purpose to increase the aesthetic and improve surface features of deck. Some kind of ornamental deck, such as wood veneer, glue impregnated paper, synthetic veneer, melamine panels jewels, PVC membrane,... For the convenience teaching and learning, the paper has announced results about the database some kind of ornamental deck used in jewels artificial board. The results are: Classification is a kind of ornamental deck;Lap the image some form ornamental deck are being used in the market; Building is the database for some kind of ornamental deck in the following aspects: Way identify the product, origin, production methods, technical characteristics, range of uses and some noted use deck; Lap lookup table range is used for some kind of ornamental deck used in jewellery artificial board.
Keywords: Artificial boards, database, jewellery, ornamental deck.
Ngiroi phan bien: TS. Ly Tuan Trir6ng Ngdy nhan bdi : 11/02/2014 Ngdy nhan phdn bien : 07/05/2014 Ngdy quyet dinh ddng: 10/06/2014
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 2 - 2014 105
