Nguyen Vilt Hung va cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 77(01): 19-22
NGHIEN c i r u ANH HlTCIiNG CUA HINH THlTC NHAN GIONG DEN KHA NANG SESH TRLTOflVG, PHAT TRIEN VA HE SO NHAN GIONG CUA CAY KHOAI MON TAI BAC KAN
Nguyin Vilt Hung', Nguyin Thi Hiing, Nguyin Thi Huin
Truang Dai hoc Nong Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen
TOM TAT
Nghien ciiu anh hudng ciia hinh thuc nhan gilng din kha nang sinh trudng, phat triln va kha nang nhan giong ciia cay khoai mdn tai Bic Kan cho thiy: Cay gilng khoai mdn dugc nhan gidng trorig tir oil GI tir cay invitro cd kha nang cho nang suit dat 65.65 ta/ha, cao hon cay khoai mdn ciia Bac Kan trong tir cii con va cay khoai mon nudi ciy invitro, nhung kha nang nhan giong thap hon cay khoai mdn nudi ciy invitro. Nhan gidng khoai mdn trdng tir nudi ciy invitro cho nang suat chua cao, nhung kha nang nhan gidng dat cao 7,8 cii con/gic tiic he sd nhan giong dat 1/10 cao han nhSn gilng bing phuang phap truyin thing gip gin 02 lin.
Tir khda; Cdy mon, khoai mon, ndng sudt, so cu, nhdn giong
DAT VAN DE
Cay khoai mdn (Colocasia esculeuta L.
Schott)\k cay mdt la mam thudc hg ray Araceae, chi Colocasia. Day la cay dugc trdng nhieu tren cac loai dat khac nhau tir dat rugng vudn d ddng bang den dat ddi ddc d mien nui. San pham ciia cay khoai mdn dugc dimg lam luong thuc vi cd gia trj dinh duong cao.
Tai Bic Kan, khoai mdn da dugc trdng d mdt sd hd gia dinh thudc viing ddng bao dan tdc Dao, Tay, Niing,... nhung vdi dien tfch nhd le nen nang suat thap, san lugng khdng dang ke.
Trong nhung nam vira qua, tren dia ban tinh da cd nhifng de tai, du an hd trg nham giiip ba con cac dan tdc nhan rgng dien tich trdng khoai mdn. Mgt trong nhu'ng khd khan trong viec phat triln dien tfch cay khoai mdn la thilu giong do he sd nhan gidng cua cay khoai mdn thip. Hon nua, viec to chiic san xuit va chi dao khau tuyen chgn gidng va dau tu tham canh chua dugc chii y nen nang suat khoai chua cao, ty le cu dat tieu chuan lam giong cdn rit thi{). Theo Nguyen Thj Nggc Hue (2002) he thdng cung cip gidng khoai mdn hien nay la he thong khdng chfnh thuc, chii ylu la do ndng dan tu de gidng, trao ddi, mua hoac xin ciia hg hang trong, giira cac cdng ddng lan can do do ngudn gidng de phat triln di^n tich Idn gap nhieu khd khan. Nhan gidng khoai bing cdng nghe nudi cay md da dugc ap dung nhilu noi tren the gidi, cay con
' Tel: 0912386574; Email: [email protected]
nhan bing phuong phap nudi cay md giu' dugc dac tinh di truyen tii' cay me va ed kha nang sinh trudng ddng deu, nang suat cu cao, K. Murakami va cs (2006). C) Viet Nam, nhan gidng cay khoai mdn bang phuang phap nudi ciy md thuc su chua dugc nghien ciiu. Vl vay viec danh gia kha nang sinh trudng va kha nang nhan gidng ciia cay khoai mdn nhan gidng bang nudi cay invitro, nham cung cap du ngudn gidng khoai vdi chat lugng tdt cho tinh Bic Kan. Nen viec nghien ciiu ve anh hudng cua hinh thirc nhan gidng den kha nang sinh trudng, phat trien, he sd nhan gidng cay khoai mdn tai Bac Kan la het sire can thiet.
NOI DUNG, PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Doi tvtfng va pham vi nghien cvu
Thi nghiem dugc nghien ciru tren cay khoai mdn nudi cay invitro, cu GI tii' cay nudi cay invitro va cu gidng lay tii' cu con dugc trdng tir nam trudc. Tat ca cac vat lieu nghien ciiu deu cd ngudn gdc tir khoai Bac Kan.
Noi dung nghien cvu
- Nghien cuu anh hudng cua hinh thiic nhan gidng din kha nang sinh trudng, phat triln va nang suit ciia khoai mdn.
Phu-ang phap nghien ciru
Thf nghiem gom: 03 cdng thirc dugc bd tri theo khdi ngau nhien hoan toan vdi 03 lin nhic lai vdi dien tfch d thf nghiem 20ml Thf nghiem dugc trdng vdi mat do 70cm x 40cm.
Cdng thirc 1: Trdng tii' cu con giong khoai mdn Bac Kan (d/c)
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Nguyin Vilt Hung vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 77(01): 19-22 Cdng thuc 2: Trdng tir cii GI tir cay invitro
Cdng thuc 3: Trdng tir cay invitro
- Quy trinh thf nghiem theo quy trinh san xuit khoai mdn cua Trudng Dai hge Ndng Lam Thai Nguyen. Cac chf tieu theo doi theo phuang phap thf nghiem ddng rugng hien hanh.
Thdi gian va dja diem nghien cmi
- Tir thang 03 nam 2009 din thang 12 nam 2009 tai thi trin Bing LQng, huyen Chg Ddn, tinh Bac Kan
KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
Nudi cay md la mdt bien phap nhan gidng nhanh nhilu loai cay trdng, nhung khdng phai cay trdng nao khi tien hanh nhan gidng bang phuang phap nay ciing dem lai hieu qua nhu mong mudn. D I xac djnh hieu qua chinh xac ciia phuong phap nay ddi vdi cay khoai mdn chiing tdi da so sanh kha nang sinh trudng cua cay khoai mdn dugc nhan gidng bang ba hinh thuc la cay nudi cay invitro, cu GI tir cay nudi cay invitro va khoai mdn Bac Kan, ket qua dugc trinh bay d bang 1.
So lieu bang 1 cho thay: Chieu cao cay cua cay d cdng thii'c 1 va cdng thii'c 2 cd muc do
sinh trudng tuong duong nhau, dat 71,77 - 72,07cm. Rieng cay invitro cd mii-c do sinh trudng chieu cao thap hon, dat 67,40cm. Tdng sd la /cay chfnh cua ca ba cdng thuc tham gia nghien ciiru dat tir 8,63 - 8,80 la/cay. Sd than phu cua cay quyet djnh den sd cii con ciia khoai mdn khi thu hoach, ket qua theo ddi cho thiy sd than phu cua cdng thuc trdng tir cay nudi ciy md cd so than phu ldn nhat dat trung binh 11,2 cay/gdc, sir sai khac cd y nghTa d mirc 95%.
Kit qua theo ddi thdi gian lui la ciia cay khoai mdn nhan giong bing invitro cd thdi gian vao cuoi thang 12, trong khi cay khoai trong tir cu bi binh thudng thi cd thdi gian lui la tir dau thang 12.
Kit qua so cac ylu to cau thanh nang suat cua cac loai cii khoai mdn dugc thi hien qua bang 2.
Sd lieu bang 2 cho thiy, cay dugc trdng tir cii G1 cho cu cai cd kich thudc nhu dudng kinh cu (58,17mm) va ehilu cao cu (83,11mm) ldn hon hin cdng thuc 1 va cdng thiirc 3. Khoi lugng cu cai va nang suat la cac chi tieu cuoi cimg dugc ngudi trdng khoai quan tam.
Bang 1. Anh hudng cua hinh thiic nhan gilng din kha nang sinh trudng ciia cay khoai mdn Bac Kan Cong thiic Chieu cao cay
cuoi ciing (cm)
Tong so la (la/cay)
So than cay phu (cSy)
Thoi gian la lui hit Cdng thirc 1 (d/c)
Cdng thuc 2 Cdng thiic 3 CV%
LSDos
72,07 b 71,77 b 67,40 a 9,65 2,80
8,80 a 8,67 a 8,63 a 7,82 0,32
5,2 a 6,9 a 11,2b 8,62 1,91
5/12 5/12 23/12
- -•
Bang 2. Anh hudng cua hinh thirc nhan gilng den kich thudcva trgng lugng cu cai ciia gilng khoai mdn Bic Kan khi thu hoach
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ C h i tieu Cong t h u c ^ — ^ ^ Cdng thiic 1 (d/c) Cdng thirc 2 Cdng thiic 3 CV%
LSDos
Duong kinh cii cai (mm)
53,94 58,17 51,94 7,13 6,38
Chieu cao cii cai (mm)
70,00 83,11 68,67 10,29 7,31
Khoi luong cii cai (g)
154,10 180,30 150,40 8,96 7,67
So voi a/c (%) 100,00 117,00 97,62
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Nguyin Vilt Hung va cs Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 77(01): 19-22 Qua ket qua nghien ciiru cho thiy, khoi lugng
cii cai ciia cac cdng thiirc thi nghiem dat kha ca.0, tir 150,40 - I80,30g/cu. Trong dd cay trdng tir cu khoai mdn Bac Kan va cay nudi cay invitro cd khdi lugng cii cai tuong duong nhau, rieng cdng thiic trdng tir cii G1 cho khoi lugng cii cai cao hon han, dat 180,30 g/cu cao hon so vdi ddi chung 17%, sir sai khac cd y nghTa d mu'c tin cay 95%.
Mdt trong nhitng khd khan ciia viec phat trien dien tich trdng khoai mdn hien nay la thilu gidng. Tinh trung binh mudn phat trien 1 ha dien tfch khoai mdn can tir 4-5 ta cii gidng, lugng gidng khoai mdn hien nay chii yeu do ngudi trdng giCr lai nhirng cii con tir vu trudc.
Chfnh vi vay viec tang sd lugng cii con cQng chinh la mgt trong nhirng yeu td gdp phan nang cao he sd nhan gidng, gdp phan giai quyet khd khan ve gidng cho ngudi trdng.
Danh gia kha nang nhan gidng cua cac cdng thuc thi nghiem thdng qua sd lugng va kich thudc cua cu con dugc trinh bay qua bang 3.
De tien cho viec phan loai chiing tdi phan cac loai cii con lam ba loai. Loai 1 la cac cii con cd dudng kfnh cu ldn hon 3 cm, loai 2 la cac
cu cd dudng kfnh cii tir 2-3 cm, loai 3 la cac cu nhd kich thudc nhd hon 2 cm.
So lieu bang 3 cho thiy, tron§ cac cdng thirc thf nghiem cdng thuc khoai trdng tir cay nudi cay md cd sd tuy sd lugng cii loai 1 khdng cd, nhung so lugng cii loai 2 dat trung binh 7,8 cu/gdc, trong khi cdng thirc khoai trdng tir gidng GI va gidng khoai dugc de gidng bang phuong phap truyen thdng deu cd sd cu loai 2 chi dat tir 2,2-2,4 cu/gdc. Ca ba cdng thiic thi nghiem deu cd nhung cu con cd kich thudc nhd hon 2cm, loai cii nay khi dem ra trdng cay con phat trien rat kem, do vay khi nghien ciru bien phap ky thuat cho gidng khoai mdn Bic Kan can cd bien phap tia bdt cac than phu qua nhd de tang cudng dinh dudng nudi cii. Anh hudng ciia cac hinh thiic nhan gidng cay khoai mdn tdi nang suat cua cac cdng thiic thi nghiem dugc the hien qua dd thj 1.
Nang suat la chi tieu cudi ciing the hien rd nhat ket qua sau mdt vu trdng khoai. Trong thi nghiem, cdng thiic trdng tir cay nudi cay invitro (cdng thirc 3) cd nang suat tirong duong vdi ddi chiing (cdng thiic 1) trdng tii' cu con gidng khoai mdn Bac Kan nhung thap hon cdng thiic 2.
Bang 3. Anh hudng cua hinh thirc nhan gidng den sd con cil/gdc va khdi lugng cii ciia khoai mdn BSc Kan
^^^^^ Chi tieu Cong thuc ^ ^ ^ ^ Cdng thirc 1 (d/c) Cdng thirc 2 Cdng thirc 3
Cii loai 1 Sicii
(cii) 2,3
1,7
Khoi luong cii(g)
59,3 60,5
Sicii (cii)
2,4 2,2 7,8
Cii loai 2 Khii luong
cii(g) 41,7 43,5 35,1
Sdcii (cii)
3,2 2,6 3,9
Cii loai 3 Khoi lupng
cii(g) 21,4
19,8 20,5
ms^
• Nang suat (ta/ha)
Cdng thirc 1 Cdng thu'c 2 Cdng thii'c 3
Do thj 1. Anh hudng ciia hinh thirc nhan gilng din nSng suit ciia khoai mdn Bic Kan
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Nguyen Viet Hung va cs Tap chf KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 77(01): 19-22 Tuy vay, sd cii con lai nhieu hon, nen rat phii
hgp cho muc tieu nhan gidng nhanh. Cdng thiic 2 trdng tir cii GI cd nang suat cao hon hai cdng thiic cdn lai, dat 65,65 ta/ha. Ket qua nay cho thay, viec chgn lgc gidng chuan va diing hinh thiic nhan gidng vd tinh invitro de nhan gidng, sau do lay cii GI cua cay invitro de trdng trong san xuat se gdp phan tao ra mdt rugng khoai ddng deu, va cd kha nang cho nang suat cao.
KET LUAN VA DE NGHI Ket luan
- Cay khoai mdn GI tir cay invitro cd kha nang cho nang suat dat 65.65 ta/ha, cao hon han cay khoai mdn ciia Bac Kan trdng tir cii con va cay khoai mdn nudi cay invitro, nhung kha nang nhan gidng thap hon cay khoai mdn nudi cay invitro.
- Cay khoai mdn invitro khdng cho nang suat cao, nhung cd kha nang nhan gidng nhanh dat 7,8 cu con/gdc cao gap 2 lan so vdi trdng bang cii truyen thdng.
De nghi
- D I cd ket luan chinh xac hon chiing tdi xin de nghj tiep tuc nghien ciru de tai nay trong thdi gian tdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Mai Thach Hoanh, Nguyin Cdng Vinh (2006)
"Gidng vd ky thuat thdm canh cdy co ciC Nha xu§t ban Ndng nghiep. Ha Ndi
[2]. Mai Thach Hoanh (2006) " Chon tgo vd nhdn giong cdy co cu" Nxb Ndng nghiep, Ha Ngi [3]. Nguyen Thj Nggc Hue, "Nghien ciru ca sd khoa hoc de xdy dyrng diem bdo ton nguon gen khoai mon so tren dong rugng tgi huyen Nho Quan, Ninh Binh ", Tuyin tap cac cdng trinh khoa hge ky thuat ndng nghiep 2001 -2002.
[4]. K. Murakami, K. Takashi, K. Ogawa (2006), Morphological variation of corms in plant regenerated from calluses of Taro {Colocasia esculeuta L. Schott), SHS Acta Horticultae 725:
V International Svmposium on In Vitro Culture and Horticultural Breeding.
SUMMARY
EFFECT OF PROPAGATION METHODS ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PROPAGATION REGENERATION CAPACITY OF TARO
IN BAC KAN PROVINCE
Nguyen Viet Hung', Nguyen The Hung, Nguyen The Huan College of Agriculture and Forestry- TNU
Results from a study of effect of propagation methods on growth, development of taro in Bac Kan Province indicated that taro seedlings generating from roots of taro which is generated by in vitro method has yield of 6.565 tons/ha, higher yield but fewer roots than those of taro seedlings generated by in vitro methods. In vitro seedlings did not have high root yield but one seedling had an average of 10.7 roots. It means regeneration rate is more than 10 which is at least two times higher than traditional method.
Keywords: Tissue Culture, taro, yield, number of roots, propagation
Tet: 0912386574: Email: [email protected] 22
