NGHIEN cilfu - PHAriRiiN LY LUAN
MOT SO LUAN DIEM CUA CHU NGHJA MAC- LENIN VE CHU NGHIA XA HOI:
GIATMVANHONGVANDECANBdsilNG, PHATTRIEN
• PGS, TS DO THI THACH Vien Cliu ngliia xa hpi khoa hoc, Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Tottt tat: Ly luan ve chu nghta xa hoi do CMac, Ph Angghen, V.LLenin sdng lap, phdt triin tren cd sd nghien ciiu, tong ket thtic tikn sinh dpngxa hpi TBCN theky XIX vd ddu the kyXX trd thdnh cdsd khoa hoc vdphiidngphdp luan cho giai cap cong nhan, cdc Ddng Cong sdn tren the gidi van dung, bo sung, phdt trien vdo dieu kien thiic tikn dexdy dting CNXH.
Tuy nhien, hgc thuyet cua cdc ong ra ddi cdch ddy hdn 170 ndm, co nhUng diem cdn dtidc nghien ciiu, bo sung, phdt trien phii hdp vdi boi cdnh mdi. Ddy viia la di nguyen cua cdc ong khi xdy diing hgc thuyet ciia minh, viia la trdch nhiem cua cdc Ddng Cgng sdn trong viec phdt trien hgc thuyet Mdc - Lenin, de CNXH trd thdnh hien thdc vd co sdc song ben lau.
• Tii khoa: chu nghia Mdc - Lenin, ly luan ve CNXH.
1. Gia trj ben vfrng Thunhat, vetinh tatyeura ddi cua xa boi xi Hon 170 nam qua, lich sii nhan loai noi hoi chu ngbia
chung, lich sii CNXH noi rieng, ca ve phuong Xuit phat tu quan niem duy vat lich sii va hoc dien ly luan va thuc tifin, da chiing kien nhimg thuyet hinh thai kinh te - xa hpi, C.Mac va bign thien to lan. Den nay, chua co hgc thuyet Ph.Angghen da chi ra su phat trien xa hpi loai nao vupt qua duoc tam v6c v! dai cua hpc nguoi la qua trinh phat tnen lich sii-tu nhien, tCr thuyet Mac - Lenin trong viec giup cho nhan thap den cao, tir chua hoan thien den hoan thien.
loai xoa bo duoc tinh trang dan tgc nay ap biic Su ra doi xa hgi mm bdt nguon tu tat yeu kinh te dan tgc khac, giai phong con nguoi thoat khoi vadupcthai nghen tiitronglongxa hgi cii. Day la tinh trang no dich, dua con nguoi tra ve dung can cii de hai ong nghien ciiu vl hinh dial kinh t§
vi tri dich thuc la lam chu xa hoi, lam chu ban - xa hpi TBCN va chi ra tinh tait yeu diet vong ciia than. Nhieu luan diem ve CNXH cua chu nghia CNTB va tinh tat yeu ra ddi cua CNXH, CNCS, Tat Mac - Lenin vHn giii nguyen gia tri trong boi ygu nay, theo cac ong, bSt ngudn true tiep tii mau canh moi hien nay. thuin giua tinh chat xa hpi hoa ciia lue lupng san
LYLUiOiNCHiNHTRj'So 3/2019
NGHIEN ClJU - PHAT TRIEN LV LUAN
xuat voi quan he san xuit tu nhan TBCN, dupe bieu hien thanh mau thuan ve mat xa hpi giiia giai cap tu san va giai cap vo san, ma ngay nay chinh la mau thuan giiia tu ban va lao dgng. Dong thoi, til nhung can cu tren, CMac va PhAngghen da du bao ve nhung dac trung cua hai giai doan trong hinh thai kinh te - xa hoi CSCN. Trong Phe phan Cuang linh Go ta, C.Mac chi ro: "Cai xa hgi ma chung ta noi a day khong phai la mpt xa hoi cpng san chu nghia da phat trien tren nhiing co so ciia chinh no, ma trai lai la mot xa hoi cpng san chu nghia viia thoat thai tir xa hpi tu ban chu nghia, do do la mgt xa hpi, v^ mpi phuong dien - kinh te, dao diic, tinh than - con mang nhung dau vet cua xa hgi cu ma no da lgt long ra"'"vi vay khong the tranh khoi nhiing thieu sot, ban che trong xa hgi xa hgi chu nghia'-'.
C. Mac va Ph.Angghen cung du bao, xa hpi CSCN chi xuat hien khi con nguoi khong con phu thupc CO tinh chat no dich vao su phan cong lao dgng cua hp; khong con sir ddi lap giiia lao dgng tri 6c va lao dgng chan tay; lao dong tra
thanh khong nhiing la mpt phuong tien de sinh song ma ban than no con la mpt nhu cau bac nhat ciia dai sdng; su phat trien toan dien ciia cac ca nhan, siic san xuat cua hg ngay cang tang len va tat ca cac nguon cua cai xa hgi deu tudn ra ddi dao, va con nguoi co the vupt han ra khoi gioi han chat hep cua phap quyen tu san...'^'.
Nhiing luan diem ve su ra doi ciia xa hgi XHCN tren day ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin van giii nguyen gia tri. Loai nguoi nhit dinh se di len CNXH. Mac dil, hien nay, CNTB da co nhieu bieu hien moi so voi thdi cua C.Mac, V.I.Lenin, nhat la thdi ky ciia CMac, nhungban chat cua CNTB khong thay doi, nhting mlu thuan ca ban vdn cd trong long CNTB van hep mcdienra vdi nhimgbieuhienkhac nhau vdi tinh chat ngay cang gay glt, sau s k hon
Thuhai. mot so dac tnmg ca ban cua xa hoi xa hoi chid nghia
Tren nhirng can cii ly luan va tong ket thuc nen, chu nghia Mac - Lenin da neu mot so dac tnmg ca ban cua xa hpi XHCN ma den nay vSn giii nguyen gia tri. Do la:
LYLUANCHINHTRj-So 3/2019
- Muc tigu cao nhat cua CNXH la giai phdng con nguoi, tao mgi dieu kien de con nguoi phat trien toan dien.
Day 11 muc tieu va la dac tnmg cao nhit cua CNXH, the hien ban chit nhan van, nhan dao cao ca ciia CNXH, CNCS.
CMac va PhAngghen da du bao ve mgt xa hpi tuong lai: "Thay cho xa hpi tu san cu, voi nhiing giai d p va ddi khang giai cap ciia no, se xuat hien mgt lien hpp, trong dd su phat trien tu do ciia mdi ngudi la dilu kien cho su phat trien tu do ctia tat ca moi ngudi"'^'. Chu nghia Mac - Lenin n h i n manh: Tinh im viet ciia CNXH, CNCS laxoa bo mgi bdc lot, ap birc, bat cdng do quan he sin xuat tu ban chii nghia da tao ra, Do dd, d o dng chi rd, giai cap cdng nhan khi da trd thanh giai cap thdng tri "thi ddng thdi vdi viec tiSu di§t nhiing quan he san xuit ly, nd cung tieu diet ludn ca nhiing dieu kien tdn tai cua su ddi khang giai cap, nd tieu diet cac giai cap ndi chung va cung do dly, tieu diet ca sir thdng tri ciia chii± nd vdi tu each la mdt giai cap"'^'.
- Cd luc lugng san xuat phat triln, che do cdng hiiu timg budc dupe xae lap, td chiic quan ly hieu qua, nang suit lao dgng cao, phan phdi theo lao dpng.
Theo CMac, xa hpi CSCN phai dugc phat trien tii CNTB va tren co sd nhiing tien de do CNTB tao dmig, trong do vl kmh te la nen dai cdng nghiep.
Den giai doan V,I.Lenin, dng rat coi trpng viec can thiet phai xay dung yeu td co sd vat chit - ky thuat hien dai cua CNXH. Ong da timg khing dinh
"CNCS la chinh quyln xd vilt cpng voi dien khi hoa ca nude", "phai tiep thu trat tu duong sdt Phd cgng voi ky thuat va each thiic td chiic cac td rot ciia My"
"co sd vat chit cua CNXH la nen dai cdng nghiep CO khi cd kha nang cai tao ca ndng nghiep"...
Nhiing de xuat ciia chii nghia Mac - Lenin ve lire luong san xuat (LLSX) cua CNXH den nay
vln giii nguyen gia tri. Tuy nhien, ngay nay LLSX da phat trign manh me thi co sd vat chit kinh td cua CNXH hien dai phai hieu dd la nen kmh t l tri thiic, van minh tin hgc, ky thuat sd, tri tue nhan tao, Caeh mang cdng nghiep 4,0...
Ve xda bd che do tu hiru TBCN theo tinh than ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin la xda bd tinh chit TBCN cua c h i dp sd huu dd chii khdng phai xda bo che do sd hiiu ndi chung; la nhdm muc dich phat trien LLSX, xda bd che dp ngudi bdc lot ngudi, nang cao ddi sdng ngudi dan. Cac dng khang dinh: Dac trung ciia CNCS khdng phai la xda bo che do sdhiiu ndi ehung, ma la xda bd chi dp sdhiiu tu san... vi day la hinh thire chiem hiiu san pham dua tren nhiing ddi khang giai cap, tren co sd nhiing ngudi nly bdc lot nhiing ngudi kia'^'. Tuy nhien, hai dng ehi rd: xda bd che do tu hiiu tu ban khdng phai la xda bd sd hiiu cua ca nhan ddi vdi kit qua lao dgng ciia ca nhan, la cai cd dugc mdt each luong thien do lao ddng cua ban than hg lamrava la cosd eiia mgi tudo, mgi hoat dgng vl su ddc lap cua ca nhan. Cac dng viet: "Dieu chiing tdi mudn, llxdabd tinh chltbi tham ciia cac phuang thiie chiem hiiu nd khiin cho ngudi cdng nhan chi sdng de lam tang them tu ban, va ehi sdng trong chimg muc ma nhung loi ieh cua giai d p thdng tri ddi hdi"'^'.
6 day can luu y tu tudng "timg budc" xda bd sd hiiu tu nhan TBCN eiia chu nghia Mac - Lenin. Cac dng nhin manh nhiing dieu kien d l
"xdabd": 1) Suphat trien cao ciia LLSX; 2) La qua trinh liu dai, khdng the ndng vgi, chu quan; 3) Phai xay dung, thiet lap dupe che do edng him ve tu heu san xuat (sd huu xa hdi) phu hgp vdi trinh dp phat trien cua lue luong san xuat, sao cho khdng phu dinh sd hiiu ca nhan, phai khdi phue sd hiiu ngudi lao ddng, trinh tran lan, vd chii; 4] Phai phat trien kinh t l tu nhan, nhilu thanh phan kinh tl, nhieu hmh thiic sdhiiu...
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 3/2019
NGHIEN CtfU - PHATTRIEN LY LUAN
Cho nen, cae dng nhan manh, cuoc each msmg eua giai cap vd san dang cd tat ca nhiing trieu chiing la sip nd ra, se chi cd the cai tao xa hdi hien nay mdt each dan dan, va chi khi nao da tao nen dupe mgt khdi luong tu lieu san xuat can thiet cho viec cai tao do thi khi ay mdi thii tieu dupe che do tu hiru"",
Ddng thdi, chii nghia Mac - Lenin nhan manh, nhimg tu lieu san xuit chii yeu can phai duge cdng huu de nha nude thay mat nhan dan nam giir va phan phdi lai mgt each cdng bing, hop Iy, Cac nha kinh dien ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin khdng nhiing chi rd dac tnmg kinh te eua CNXH la thilt lap timg budc che dp cdng hiiu, ma cac dng cdn coi trgng each thirc td chiie lao ddng, td chiic san xuat de thiet lap mgt che do xa hdi cao hon CNTB, tite la phai tang nang suit lao ddng.
V.I.Lenin da viet: sau khi giai cap vd san da lam xong nhiem vu gianh duge chinh quyen rdi "thi tat nhien cd mgt nhiem vu can ban khac dugc dl len hang dau, do la: thiet lap mpt che do xa hgi cao hon chu nghia tu ban, nghia la nang cao nang suit lao ddng va do dd (va nhim muc dich do) phai td chuc lao ddng theo mgt trinh dp cao hon"'^'. Cimg vdi each thiic td chiic quan ly, V.LLenin cung nhan manh, nang suat lao ddng cao la net dac trung cua CNXH: "chu nghia cpng san cd nghia la nang suit lao dgng cao han (so vdi nang suit lao dgng dudi che dp tu ban) ciia nhiing cdng nhin tu nguyen tir giac, lien hpp vdi nhau, su dung ky thuat hien dai"""'. CMac khang dmh, nguyen tic phan phdi theo lao dgng la nguyen tic phln phdi ca ban trong CNXH vdi nghia la lao ddng ngang nhau thi dupe hudng ngang nhau. Dd la nguyen tic the hien su cdng bang trong CNXH.
- Che dp dan chii tien bg, Nha nude dan chu mang ban chat giai cap edng nhin, vdi su tiiam gia ddng dao cac tang lap nhan dan lao dgng.
Theo C.Mae va Ph,Angghen, nha nude din chii, xl hdi cdng din la nhung tieu chi cua tie bd xa hdi. Nhiem vu cua giai d p cdng nhan va d c dang cgng san la: "...budc thii nhit trong cude each mang cdng nhan la giai d p vo san bien thinh giai d p thong tn, la gianh lay dan chii""". Sau khi trd tiianh giai d p tiidng tri, giai d p cdng nhan tiiiet lap mgt chi dp dan chii mdi, toan dien hon, tnet de hon, dan chii cho da sd nhin dan lao ddng.
Trong qua trinh Ilnh dao xay dimg CNXH 6 nude Nga Xd viet, V.l.Lenm n h i n manh tinh im viet eiia che dp d i n chu vd san, U'nh uu viet ciia chmh quyln Xd viet (mdt hinh thiic nha nude XHCN). Dd la nha nude do ddng dao quan chung n h i n dan lao dgng - nhiing giai cap trudc kia bi chii nghia tu ban ap biic, quan ly"^^
Luan giai ve ban chat nha nude XHCN, d c nha kinh dien ciia chu nghia Mac - Lenin mgt mat da khing dinh n h i nude nay phai mang ban chat giai cap cdng nhin, ddng thdi, do ban chat d i n chu XHCN ddi hdi, nha nude XHCN phai mang tfnh nhin din, ldi eudn ddng dao nhin dan tham gia quan ly n h i nude. Tuy nhien, cac ong ciing nhin manh. trong xl hgi XHCN, nha nuoc chua the "tu tieu vong" hoan toan dugc vi van cdn cac giai cap va su khac biet giira cac giai cap.
- Xa hdi cdng bang, bao dam binh dang giiia d c dan tdc.
Ngay trong Tuyen ngon cua Dang Cdng san CMac va Ph.Angghen da neu luin dilm- "Hay xda bd tinh trang ngudi bdc lot ngudi thi tinh trang din tdc nay bdc lot dan tdc khac cung se bl xda bd".V.I,Llnm da bd sung, phat trien nhung quan diem cua CMac va PhAngghen khi lulnbanvequanhe giimngudi va nguoi g5n vdi quan he giaa cac d i n tdc. Trong Cuang\nh S van de dan tdc, V,l,Lenm da chi ro nhii ' I dung mang tinh nguyen tic can thuc hien tion
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So3/2019
khi giai quyit vln dl dan tdc trong xa hdi XHCN:
"Cac dan tdc hoan toan binh dang; cac dan tgc dugc quyln tu quyet; lien hiep cdng nhan tat ca cac dan tgc lai: dd la Cuong linh din tgc ma chu nghia Mac, kinh nghiem toan thi gidi vl kinh nghiem eua nude Nga day eho cdng nhan""^'.
Tren ca sd do, V.I.Lenin da neu lln nhiing quan diem mdi ve mdi quan he giiia cac din tgc, tiong do dac biet quan tam den "eac dan tdc hi ap biic" ciing nhu qua tiinh hinh thanh dan tdc xa hgi chu nghia - mdt hinh thiic cpng ddng tien bd, uu viet hon so vdd dan tgc tu san.
Nhiing luan diem ciia V.LLenm ban vl dan tdc, quyln tu quyet dan tdc la nhiing chi dan rat cd gia tri giiip cho d c dang cgng san, dang cdng nhan van dung ttong giai quyet van de dan tpc 6 d c qudc gia, khu vue, kl ca trong bdi dnh hien nay.
Thuc tiln each mang the gidi da va dang chiing minh siic sdng, gia tri bin vihig cua nhiing nguyen ly, nhiing quan dilm ve CNXH ciia chu nghia Mae - Lenin. Day la co sd ly luan de d c dang cgng san nhan thiic, van dung va bd sung, phat triln phii hop vdi dieu kien cu the cua nude minh. Su ra ddi va nhiing thanh tuu vl dai ciia nha nude XHCN Xd vilt, cua he tiidng XHCN trudc day cung nhu cac nude XHCN hien nay dang chiing minh cho dieu do.
2. Nhung luan diem can bo sung, phat trien Cung nhu mgi su vat, hien tupng trong tu nhien, xa hdi, hpc tiiuyet Mac - Linin ludn bien ddng cimg vdi vdi su van ddng cua lich sii, xa hdi.
Trong qua trinh do, mgt sdluan diem ciia d c dng ve CNXH, do ban che ve lich sii, can dugc bd sung, phat trien phu hpp vdi bdi dnh mdi. Dly cung la di nguyen cua d c dng khi xiy dung hgc thuyet cua minh, bdi chi cd nhu vay mdi lam sau sac tinh khoa hpc trong cac quan dilm mang tinh phuong phap luan cua chu nghia Mac -Lenin ve CNXH, lam cho CNXH hien thuc cd siic sdng ben lau.
Thunhat, ve chu nghia xi hoi hien thuc va chu nghia tuban hien dai
Khi nghien eiiu CNTB hien dai, C.Mac cho ring, trong qui trinh tdn tai vl phat ttien, CNTB se tdi mdt thdi diem ma trong dd mau thuan giua lire lupng san xuit vl quan he san xuit gay gat cue do, d i vo quan he TBCN se vd. Tuy nhien, C.MIe dl chi rd, de tdi do, CNTB phai phit trien den tot dinh. Cai dinh ay ngay nay chua xuat hien. Ban thin CMIc cung chua bao gid In dinh thdi gian ket thuc cua CNTB.
Luan diem vl CNTB nlu tren cua C.Mac ra ddi ttong bdi eanh tten the gidi phuang thiic san xuit tu ban chii nghia la duy nhat thdng tri. Tuy nhien, tit khi CNXH hien thuc ra ddi, phat ttien va tta thanh ddi thii ding kl nhat lim cho CNTB mit di vi tri dpe tdn. CNTB gid day khdng the phat trien tu phat tten eo sd cua ban thin nd niia ml bugc phai tu dilu chinh lai minh. Trong qua ttinh do, do van dung thinh cdng cac thinh tuu ciia cupc each mang khoa hpc - ky thuat va dac biet da sii dung cd hieu qua nhilu giai phap cua eac nha nude XHCN (ve phln phdi, ve vai ttd ciia nha nude trong phat trien kinh tl - xl hdi...), CNTB da tam thdi lam diu di nhiing mlu tiiuan vdn ed trong long nd. Tuy nhien, dilu do chua hi khang dinh CNTB da thay ddi ve chit.
Ciing chinh nhiing thanh cong tam tiidi cua CNTB hien dai, lai mgt lan nira tao thim nhiing tien de tu phii dinh. CNTB dl vd tinh hole dl huge phai thye hien dilu hda san xuat, a mirc dp nhat dinh trong pham vi toan xl hgi; cac co che phln phdi lai ngoai thu nhap qudc dan; he thdng bao hiem va d c quy phuc lgi xa hdi; su tiiam gia ciia nhan dan lao ddng vao cdng tac quan ly; su md rdng dan chu hon vdi cac tang Idp nhan din... Vi thi, cd tiie ndi, xa hgi tu ban hien dai, mdt mat, tat nhien dang la TBCN, nhung mat khac, ehinh nd dang chuan bi cho su phii dinh
LVLUAN CHINHTRI-So 3/2019
NGHIEN ClJu - PHATTRIEN LY L U A N
minh, da tao ra nhiing tien de kinh te - xl hdi cho CNXH - nhu du bao cua chu nghia Mac"'".
Nhirng khd khan vl thoii trao cua CNXH hien thuc tren the gidi tir cudi the ky trudc cd rat nhilu nguyen nhan. Sura ddi va xay dung CNXH dhau khdp cac qudc gia di theo con dudng nay da diln ra khdng holn toan nhu du kien cua C.Mac. Tren thuc te, CNXH dugc thuc hien d nhimg nude TBCN kem phat trien (tiiam chi d nhiing nude tien TBCN), dnhiingnoi cd tinh the cho giai d p vd san gianh chinh quyen nhung lai tiiieu CO sd vat chit ky thuat cho CJVXH chii khdng phai dnoi cd sir tuphu dinh CNTB. Chii nghia Mac chua du tinh den viec CNXH, tdn tai song song vdi CNTB, die bilt lai d dilm xuit phat thip hon d c nude tuban Tiy Au.
Khi quan niem ve CNXH, CNTB, d c nha kinh dien cua chu nghia Mac td ra hit siic thin trong.
PhAngghen d l timg nhan manh: eai ma ngudi ta ggi la "xa hdi xahgi ehii nghia" khdng phai la mgt xl hpi hoan chinh ngay mpt luc, ma cQng nhu moi che do xa hgi khac, nd d n phai duac xem xet ttong su bien ddi va cai tao thudng xuyen,
Dieu nay dat ra cho CNXH vln de la mudn tiieo kip va sau do chien tiling duoc CNTB ttong cude dua ttanh, CNXH d n phai chii dgngva tu gilc rat cao, nim tiiat viing nhimg dac diem lich sir cu the, van dung mdt each cd hieu qua cac quy luat phat trien kinh te - xa hgi de tim ra cho dugc chien luge tang tdc. Phai khing dinh ring CNXH roi vao khiing hoang nhu thdi gian qua.
mgt phan rat ldn la do nd da duge xay dung theo y mudn ehii quan, eung nhic, khudn mau vl trai quy luat. Khi da nhan ra nhiing khuyet tat va tien hanh cdng cugc d i td, ddi mdi nd, dnhieu nude lai thilu su chuan hi nhiing giai phap thao go, cimg CO hoac xay lai, m l mdi kip lim duac mgt cdng viec dau tien la pha bo nhiing gi da cd. Ro rang CNXH thua kem CNTB 11 do su giao dilu
LYLUAN CHiNH TRI-So 3/2019
hda chu nghia Mac. chiikhongphli do b ^ th chii nghia Mac Susup do cua cac nude XHC Ddng Au va Lien Xd mot phan chinh la do sai lam tnic tiep cua cdng viec cai td, khdng phai la su ldi tiidi hay sai lam cua hgc tiiuyet Mac.
Cung nhu bat ky mgt hgc tiiuylt khoa hpc nao khac, do ban che cua lich sti, nhirng nha kinh diln ciia chu nghia Mae, ben canh nhung du bao dung klidng phai khdng cd nhung du doan, nhiing nhan dinh chua phu hpp. Ching han, khi nghien cim CNTB. C.Mac da phat hien quy luat van dpng phat trien cua nd, nhung lai khdng danh gia hit kha ning tu bien ddi ciia xl hdi tu san. Mgt sd luan diem khae cua C.Mac, khi doc d l lam cho ngudi ta cd d m nhan dudng nhu mau thuan ciia CNTB cir ngay mgt tang len va dudng nhu mpi tiln bd xa hpi dupe thuc hien ttong dieu kien CNTB eung deu chdng lai CNTB, lam cho c h i do xa hpi dd "giay chet". Thirc tiln cua CNTB cho tiily each dat van de nhu vay chua phu hgp vdi ban tiiln phuang phap luan mac xit"^'.
Thuhai, vecbuyenchinhvdsan,nhinu6cvdsan Luan dilm ve chuyen chinh vd san, mdi quan he giira chuyen chinh vdi dan chu, chii nghia Mic - Lenin da cd ddng gdp to Idn, song cung co nhirng ndi dung din nay da bj lich su vuot qua v l cac till luc thii dich ttich dan de xuyen tac, p h i phan. V.I.Lenin da du bao: khi nha nude tu tieu vong, che dp nha nude trd nen tiiira, dng ddng thai coi dan chu cung ttd nen tiiira, khdng can thietnua,Oday, V.LLenin dasudungquan diem tutiioicodaicoidlnchunhumgtphamtiiicua chmh tti. la mdt pham tru lich su. Tren tiiuc te phatttiencuatiiegidisaunay.danchiicdnduoc COI lampt gia trixahpi, la suphat tiien tdi t u d o tu quan va lam chu eua con ngudi van • d t r o n g C N C S k h i x a h d i k h o r : ^ ' ' " " ^ ^ ^
K h i V . I . L I n m n h l n m ^ h X t h T ^ , ^ , chuyenchinh Vd san. llsu doan t u y e t v o i S , '
dan ehu tu san, la pha bd n i n dan chu tu san, da gay su hieu lam ve viec bo qua su can thilt phai ke thira gia tri va kinh nghiem cua d i n chii tu san. Dd la dilu khdng bien chiing khi xem xet lich Sli phat triln dan chii cua nhan loai.
Khi bin vl mdi quan he chinh quyen nha nude va phip luat trong CNXH, V.I.Lenin cho ring, khii niem khoa hge vl ehuyen chinh khdng phai cai ^ khac hon la mgt ehinh quyen khdng bi cai gi han chi ca, khdng bj bat cii luat phap nao ban c h i d , va true tilp dua vio bao luc'"^'. Luan diem nay ngay nay khdng cdn phii hpp, khi nha nude phap quyen vdi luat phap la tdi thugng, thi ban than nhi nude du la ngudi lam ra luat phap cung phai bi han che bdi luat phap.
La ngudi dac bilt quan tam den van de xay dung dang mac xit, nhung khi ndi vl vin delanh dao va quyen luc cua ding, V.I.Lenin cho rang:
"tiong nude cgng hda cua chung ta, khdng cd mdt van d l chinh tti hay td chue quan ttgng nao do mdt ea quan nha nude giai quyet ma lai khdng cd ehi thi cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uong Dang"'''''. Luan diem nay can dupe hieu v l ly giai cho phu hgp vdi chiic nang, t h i m quyln cua dang, khdng lam cho dang hi nha nude hda vl lam cho nhi nude roi vao hu quyln, vd quyen, sinh ra su thu ddng, y lai, ttdng chd vao dang, mat di thuc luc va thuc quyen cua nha nude, dang roi vao bao biln lam tiiay, can thiep qua sau vao nha nude, dirng tten n h i nude va phip luat.
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh - hpc trd xuat sac cua chii nghia Mae - Lenin d l cd nhung chi din hit siic quy bau trong viec tiep thu, van dung cac luan dilm kinh diln; "Chung ta phai nang cao su tu dudng ve chu nghia Mac - Lenin de dimg lap trudng quan diem, phuang phip chu nghia Mac - Lenin ma tdng kit nhirng kinh nghiem ciia Dang ta, phan tieh mgt each dung d i n nhiing die dilm cua dit nude ta. Cd nhu the chung ta
mdi dan dan hieu dupe quy luat phat trien cua each mang Viet Nam, dinh ra duoc dudng ldi, phuang cham, bude di cu the cua cich m a n g x l hgi chu nghia thich hpp vdi trinh do nude ta".
Song "khdng phai hge de thudc long timg eau, timg chu, dem kinh nghiem cua d e nude anh em ap dung mgt each may mdc. Nhung chung ta phai hpc chii nghia Mle - Llrtin de phan tich va giai quyet cac van de cu t h i cua d e b mang nude ta, cho phu hgp vdi dilu kiln die bilt cua nude ta". VI "khi van dung thi bd sung lam phong phii them ly luan bang nhirng kit luan mdi nit ra tir tiiuc tiln each mang ciia ta"'"" 3
(1), (2), (3) CMac va PhAngghen: Toan tap, t.l9, Nxb Chinh ori qudc gia, Ha Npi, 1995, ti.33,35-36,36.
(4), (5) C.Mac va Ph.Angghen: Toan tap, t.4, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, HI Ndi, 1995, t:.628,628, (6), (7), (9), (11) CMac, Ph.Angghen: loan tap, t.4, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2002, tt.615-616-617, 617,469,626,
(8) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.36, Nxb Tien bd, Matxcova, 1976, n.228-229.
(10) V.I.Lenin: Toan tap, t.39, Nxb Tien bp.
Matxeava, 1977, tr,25,
(12) V.LLenin: loan tap, t,38, Nxb Tien bg, Matxeava. 1977, tt.286.
(13) VI.Lenin: loan tap, t,25. Nxb Tien bg, Matxeava, 1980, tr.375
(14), (15) Nguyin Qudc Pham, Dd Thi Thach: Mi ling nhan thiic nia ve chii nghia xa boi vaxaydung chu nghiaxahoi & Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tti quoc gia. Ha Ngi,2012,tr,41-42,42.
(16), (17) V,l,Lenin: Toan tap, t.41, Nxb Tien bp, Matxcova, 1978, tt.545,38.
(18) Hd Chi Minh: Toan tap, t,8, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNgi,2000,tt.494-497.
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So3/2019
