Luat tuc Raglai vl hon nhan va gia dinh
Nguyen Ngoc Thanh
' Vien Dan t6c hpc, ViSn Han lam Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam.
Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 20 thang 5 nam 2019. Chip nhan dang ngay 31 thang 5 nam 2019.
Tom tat: Luat tuc Raglai bao quat hau het cac vdn dd trong cupc song hon nhan va gia dinh cua cpng dong nen co sue sfing manh liet ttong ddi song tpc ngudi. Do la nhiing diiu khoan dupc thong qua bing "Idi noi vin" va dupc cpng dfing nghiem chinh thuc hien. Luat tuc gop phan vao diiu chinh cac mfii quan he xa hpi gift gin ttat tu, an toan trong cupc song va bao ve quyin lpi ciia cac thanh vien trong gia dinh, cpng ddng. Ngay nay, Iuat tuc khong dieu chinh hoan toan ddi song ca nhan va cpng ddng nhu ttong xa hpi tmyen thong nhung no van tdn tai vol sfic sfing lau bin, chi phoi ddi song cua ddng bao Raglai.
Tir khoa: Dan tpc Raglai, hon nhan va gia dinh, luat tuc.
Phan Ioai nganh: Dan tfic hpc
Abstract: Raglai ethnic people's customary law covers most of the issues in the marriage and family life of the community, so it has a strong vitality in their life. The law includes terms in
"rhyming words" and is sttictly implemented by the community. It contributes to the adjustment of social relations to maintain order and safety in life and protect the rights of family and community members. Today, customary law no longer completely regulates the personal and community life as in the traditional society, but it still exists with enduring vitality, strongly impacting the life of Raglai people.
Keywords: Raglai ethnic group, marriage and family, customary law.
Suhject classification: Ethnology
1. Mff d i u ttong cpng dong xa hgi cua cac tfic ngudi.
Co nhidu each gpi vd ludt tuc (nhu: lugt Lu|t tuc la mgt hidn tugng xuit hien tu lau khong thanh van, lugt dan gian, ludt ban ddi, cd tac dgng manh me ddn mgi ITnh vyc dia, Iuat nguyen thfiy) [3, tt.38]. Trong
lang", "huong udc", va nhung nam gin ddy la "huong udc mdi", "quy udc lang van hfia", "quy udc nfing thfin moi" cung cd thd coi la hgp phdn cua ludt tuc.
Lugt tuc la mfit he thfing cac quy tic xu sy mang tinh ddn gian, quy dinh vd mdi quan he fing xfi cua con nguoi dfii voi mfii trudng ty nhien va con ngudi vdi con ngudi ttong cfing dfing, the hidn y chi cfia toan thd cpng dfing, dugc thuc hien rapt each ty giac, theo thdi quen, nhung van cd tinh cuong che va bat bufic dfii vdi nhfing ai khfing tuan theo [5, tt.30]. Ludt tuc cd thd mang nhfing ten gpi khac nhau nhung vdn dam bao raang hai yeu to ludt nudc va le lang, ttong do Id Iang dfi dugc khai thac ddn muc toi da va dugc trinh bay hdt sfic cu thd, chi tiet van phai phuc tung ludt nudc [4, tt.66].
Lugt tuc Raglai cfi tu lau doi, dugc thd hidn dudi dgng "ldi ndi cfi vdn"^ nen de dpc, dd nhd. Tat ca dugc xdp chung vao mfit he thdng mang tinh giao due tfi thip len cao gfim tu "thanh ngfi, tuc ngu" ddn nhfing "su vu, sy viec", phong tuc tap quan, nhfing dieu "kieng to, cfi Idn" [2, tr.394].
Day deu la cac quy phgm xa hpi cd phgm vi dieu chinh rdng Idn, thidt lap ndn toan bd gia tri, ndn tang cho cac phan xet ca vd dgo due, luan ly ldn phap lugt, tu do quy dinh va chi phfii manh me cac phong tuc, tap quan d dia phuong. Nd gdp phan dac lyc vao sy fin dinh ttat ty xa hfii va bao vd quydn lgi cua cac thanh vidn trong gia dinh, dong hp, cgng dfing bufin Iang.
Trong cufin Lugt tuc Chdm vd Ludt tuc Raglai, phan luat tuc Raglai gfim 5 chucmg, rieng chuong "Npi dung Iuat tuc truyen thfing Raglai" co 18 muc, 209 didu, dugc ttinh bay phan Ion la "Idi nfii cd van".
Trong do cd sy phan dinh ro rang vd cac
nhdm hanh vi vi phgm [9, tt.465]. Chiem dung lugng nhidu nhit ttong ludt tuc truyen thdng la 61 didu diufic ITnh vyc hfin nhan, quan he gia dinh, quan he vg chfing. Bieu do cho thay vi tri quan ttpng cua gia tgc, gia dinh mau he trong cpng dfing Raglai [9, tt.465]. Mpt didm quan ttpng ttong Iuat tyc la cac hinh phat lufin sat dung vdi tfing mfic dp sai pham. Tuy rdt nghiem khac, nhung chd tai xu phgt khfing qua ngng, muc dich dd ngudi vi pham cfi kha nang chdp hanh.
Luat tuc Raglai^ cd 5 dgc tinh co ban: (1) Tinh giao due; (2) Tinh dan chfi; (3) Tinh hda giai; (4) Tinh nhdn dao; (5) Tinh tara linh [3, tt.4Il-421], [1, tt.69]. Bai viet nay tim hidu Lugt tuc ve hfin nhan va gia dinh d ddn tfic Raglai va viec van dung ludt tuc do vao thuc hidn Ludt Hfin nhdn va Gia dinh d nguoi Raglai.
2. Luat tuc Raglai ve hon nhan CJ ngudi Raglai, trai gai cd quydn ty do ydu duong, tim hidu va quydt dinh kdt hfin.
Trong tnidng hgp ttai gai khong cdn ung nhau thi van cd thd dung vide cudi hfii, du da lam le dgm hdi ttao vdng. Vide "dut ganh gifia dudng" nhu vay khfing dugc ung hg, nhung ciing khfing vi thd ma bit ep cudi xin ndu dfii trai gai khfing cdn tinh nguydn.
Trong tinh hufing nay, hai ben tfi chuc tta cua. Neu do chang trai chfi dfing thi phai ddn lai toan bfi Id vdt ban ddu da dua de cfing ma nha cfi gai, neu cfi gai bo chang ttai phai den gdp dfii Id vdt dd cung ma nha chang ttai va phai mfi heo, ga, rupu tg loi hai ben mfii lai, gia dinh [1, tt.lOl].
Ddi vdi tpi loan luan, Ludt tuc Raglai xdp logn ludn thufic logi kieng to cfi Ion nguoi Raglai quan nidm, day la ngufin gfic
82
Nguyen Ngpc Thanh lam cho thin mat ttdi, mat ttang, than sam,
thin set, thin mua, thdn bao... ndi gign lam cho lut lpi nudc bidn dang ttan. Lugt tuc quy dinh tfii nay cd hai mfic dp khac nhau.
Mdt la, loan ludn tryc he (anh em rupt thit), dai loan ludn. Cap hon nhan nao vi phgm phdi chiu hinh phgt chui vao chufing heo, an cam ttong mang, bd di nhu heo va lo le vdt ttau ttdng, heo, ga de thyc hidn bon nghi Id: ciing chiu phat voi tfi tien, cung lara lanh vi tfi sanh va tfi tidn fing ba, cung ta on tfi sanh va nhung nguoi dfing ra lap dan Cling te; lap dan xin ta tfii, tay rfia fi ud trudc than linh. Sau hinh phgt, hai ben khfing dugc tidp tyc quan he vg chfing vdi nhau, cdn len Ifit quan he voi nhau, thi lang tfi chfic xfi phat ldn hai vdi hinh phgt nang hon. Neu tidp tuc vi phgm se chiu hinh phgt cao nhat la dudi vao rfing, cat dut mgi quan he vdi lang va nguoi trong lang. Ai gap gd hogc gifip do se bi xfi phgt rdt nang. Hai Id, loan ludn trong ddng hg xa cfi mfic do thap hon. Tfii nay dugc xet xfi tuy theo tfing dfii tugng, nhung cung phai lap dan dd ciu Cling xin ta tfii vdi than Iinh [l,tt.l41].
Ngudi Raglai coi vide cuoi xin la mfic quan ttpng danh dau sy trudng thanh ttong cupc doi mfii nguoi. Vi vdy, Iuat tuc hfin nhdn cd rat nhieu quy dinh vk cac khau to chuc dara cudi. Trudc le cuoi, dfii ttai gai khfing dugc phep di qua gidi hgn. Neu pham phai nhimg dieu cdm ky, khfing con
"ttai tting gai lanh" la xuc pham ddn "Ong chiia coi giu sy ttong ttang, Ba chua coi gifi su trinh bach" (day ciing la thin linh ttfing coi gin gifi sy smh tfin va phat tridn gifing bip giong lua). Bdi thd, gifi ^ sy tting ttong, trinh bach trudc hfin nhan dugc coi la didu thidng lieng. Ndu da quan he tinh due trudc hfin nhdn ma cdn giiu gidm, khong khai bao
le cudi phgt thi tpi cang thdm nang, vi do la hanh vi vfi dgo, coi thudng fing ba tfi tidn, coi thudng cac ding Iinh thieng ngy tri khdp ttin thd. Ndu da lam Id cudi phgt, cfi dau chfi rd phai chap nhan nfii dung quy dinh ttong Id cuoi, dac bidt la khfing dugc de rae dpi khan ldn ddu cho, khfing cd dugc su chuc phuc cfia gia dinh, ddng hg, khfing cd su chia vui cua ban be va xom lang. Dd la sy trung phat Idn nhdt nen rdt it cap hfin nhdn nao dam phgm phai[10,tt.81].
3. Ludt tuc Raglai v^ gia dinh Dfii vdi quan he gia dinh, ludt tuc neu cac quy dinh ttong vide sinh dd, nuoi con, ttach nhiem cua cha me, ttach nhidm cfia nguoi phy nfi, ngudi chfing, ttach nhidm cfia cha me trong viec nufii ndng, dudng due con cai...
Ben cgnh cac didu ludt khang dinh vai trd cua cha rae ddi voi con cai thi con nhieu didu ludt quy dinh vd chuan muc, hanh vi ung xu cua con cai ddi vdi ong ba, cha me.
Nhung tfii danh nhu: con chau hfin lao voi fing ba, cha me; con bfi roi cha me khfing cham sfic; con khfing vang loi cha rae... deu bi xu phgt nghidm khac. Dieu do da thd hidn tinh nhdn van sau sac ttong quan he fing xfi ttong gia dinh cung nhu ttong cpng dfing nguoi Raglai.
Trach nhidm cua cha rae doi vdi con cai Cling dugc quy dinh ro rang. Khi con cai gay tpi vg vdi lang nudc, cha me cung bi lien ddi theo. Tuy vgy, Ludt tyc Raglai khong khuydn khich vide cha me dfii xu ha khic, nang ldi chfii mang hay danh dap thdm td khi con mac ldi.
Ludt tuc quy dinh con chau phai le phep
ddn) den ho cho ttpn dao lara con. Con chau du bdt cfi ly do gi ciing khfing dugc bo mac, ma phai thuong ydu, duong nufii fing ba, cha me. Truong hgp con cdi bd cha me di cho khac d thi cha rae phai di tim con vd, ndu con khong vd thi cha me cd quydn bao cho cfing dfing dd huy dgng nguoi dua con ve. Khi dfia con dugc mang vd thi cha me dugc phep danh mang, ndu ngudi con hfia khfing di nfia thi se tha thfi. Con cai cd ngfin tfi xuc pham fing ba, cha me thi phai cung Iai cho hp mgt con ga. Con chau khfing cham sdc fing ba, cha me thi bi bat phat hai con heo, mgt con ta loi cho fing ba, mpt con ta ldi vdi dan lang, dfing thdi phai lo che rugu, quan do moi dd lara Id ta tdi vdi dng ba. Trudng hgp ngudi dd khong chiu thi gia lang dfing ra xet xfi. Ngudi do se khfing dugc thua kd tai san cfia fing ba, cha me dd Iai.
Luat tuc cd quy dinh ro hinh thfic xu phat doi vdi con rd cd hanh vi bat kinh vdi cha me vp hoac nhimg ngudi hp hang bdn dd. Con rd ma danh cha me vg thi tpi nang hon la danh cha rae de. Trudng hgp nay anh ta chiu phat va. Ld vdt phat va gfim heo va ga. Ndu phat vg xong ma vdn tai didn thi bfi me vg cd quydn dufii con re ra khdi nha.
Ve quan he vg chfing, nguoi Raglai cd quan nidm: con ttai con gai xdy dyng gia dinh khfing don thudn la hgnh phfic Ifia dfii, gia dinh ydn dm ma cdn la nghia vy duy tri, phat ttien cpng dfing dan tfic. Do dd, luat tuc ndu ra nhidu chl tidt cu thd vd cupc sfing vg chfing trong gia dinh mau he vd sau. Ba phan do la sy phd phan cac hanh vi Id lang, khfing gifi dugc sy chung thuy, tinh yeu ttpn ven gifia vg va chfing. Truong hgp chfing bfi vg di biet tich lau nam, gia dinh nha chfing va ong mai khi xua phai dfing ra nhan ttach nhidm trudc ben thdng gia.
Truong hgp vg chfing ngoai tmh, tuc gpi la
"bit vg nhau", ca hai kd ngoai tmh ddu phdi hi phgt, nhung voi mfic do khac nhau.
Nhung ngudi da cd vg cd chong ma ngoai tinh vdi nhau thi khdng chi cfi tfii vdi vg/chfing chinh thfic cua mmh ma cdn bi coi la xfic phgm ddn tfi tidn fing ba, xuc pham ddn thin linh. Sau khi xfi vide, ben canh khoan ddn bfi vdt chit, vide cfing te tay rfia khfing chi phai lam mfit lin ma con phai lam nhidu ldn, keo dai vai ba nara.
Trudng hgp dan ong cfi vg ma ngoai tinh vdi gai chua chfing, vi cfi gai dugc xem la
"gai lanh", nhe da ma bi "dan dng hu thdn mdt ndt" du do, lua gat, nen khfing phai chiu phgt trudc gia dinh va dan lang. Ngudi dan fing lang nhang phdi chiu phgt mpt mat Ma la, heo 3-6 gang tay, che rugu tg tfii cho cd gai va gia dinh cfi gai, tten danh nghia la ddn bfi su mdt mat trinh tidt cho co gdi (hayar valou), Iai chiu phat heo, ga cho ca gia dinh vg. Dfing thdi phai hfia cat dut quan he, khfing di lai vdi co gai nira, neu tidp tuc vi pham se bi lang phgt gap dfii, gdp ba.
Nguoi Raglai rdt ttan ttgng dfic tinh that thd, cho ndn nguoi nao ghen tuong ma nfii ddi, vu khfing vg minh (voi) chfing ngudi, vg ngudi (vdi) chdng minh... thi phai chiu phgt. Sau cuoc xu vide vdi su cd mat cfia rae cha, can, chfi, mfii lai hai bdn (de bien hd phan xfi), ngudi vu khfing se phai nop che rugu can, heo, ga dd cfing cho ngudi bi vu khfing, tg tdi va ndi ldi cam doan.
Ludt tuc hoan toan khdng iing hg bao lyc gifia vg va chfing. Chuyen vg danh chfing la rit han hfin cho ndn khong cd quy dinh xfi ly cu thd, nhung trudng hgp ngugc lgi thi cd. Ngudi chdng vi ghen tudng, hay vi mpt nguydn nhdn nao dd ma lam hgi vg, ldm v o bi thuong thi phdi tim tiiiy, tim thufic ve chua cho vg lanh, dfing thoi phdi tg l6i cha
84
Nguyen Ngpc Thanh me, fing ba nha vg. Cfin ndu chu y cai bdy
dd vg bi thuong hay chdt thi bit bugc phai ddn mang. Ddy la mfit dgc didm trgng ydu cho thiy ludt tuc mang tinh chit bao vd ngudi phu nu, bao vd che dp raau he.
4. Van dung Luat tuc Raglai vao thyc hien Luat hon nhan va gia dinh Ludt tuc Raglai tfin tai dudi dgng loi nfii cd vin, dieu, giau hinh anh, cy thd, sinh dpng, da phdn la truyen midng, ldm cho ngudi ta CO the hinh dung va nhdn thuc bang tryc giac. Didu nay khac han vdi ngfin ngu phap Iuat la nhfing van ban dugc khai quat hda cao, ngan gpn, chinh xdc. Mat khac, luat tuc dugc hinh thanh do nhu cdu quan ly xa hdi cpng dfing, tinh chdt cfia hoat dpng quan ly tuy cdn kha don gian nhung Iai tac dpng raanh den nhan thfic va hanh vi cfia cac thanh vien trong cgng dfing.
Trong didu kien cac quan he hon nhan ngdy cdng ttd nen phfic tgp, tiii nhimg phong tuc tap qudn tfit dep va cac quy dinh tidn bp cua ludt tuc dang phat huy vai trd tich cyc. Ngugc lgi, Ludt hdn nhdn vd gia dinh cung cd su tac dpng ttd Iai lugt tuc mfit each mgnh me. Nhd cd ludt, cac quy dinh tien bg ttong Iuat tuc dugc cung cfi va phat huy, cac quy dinh Ifii thdi nhu hfin nhan nfii noi, ddnh dufii ngudi vi phara ludt tuc ra khoi lang, con da thanh nidn vi phgm lugt tuc nhung bat cha me bfii thudng... da tfing budc dugc xda bfi. Cac tgi hidp ddm, ttpm cap, ttanh chdp vd ddt dai, thfia kd, bfii thudng thiet hgi trudc ddy do chu Iang va cac dau khfin ngudi gia xu Iy theo Iuat tuc thi nay da dugc dua ddn Tda an nhdn dan dd giai quydt.
Dac bidt, nhidu quy dinh tidn bfi cfia Luat tuc Raglai dugc phan anh kha ro net
trong Luat hfin nhan va gia dinh. Lugt da dd cap den cac hanh vi phai nghidm cdm dd bao vd che dp hfin nhan gia dinh nhu vi pham che do rapt vg mfit chdng; kdt hfin gia tgo, Iy hfin gia tao; cuong ep kdt hfin/ly hfin, Ifia ddi kdt hdn/ly hfin; nguoi dang co vg, cd chdng ma ket hfin hoac chung sfing nhu vg chfing voi ngudi khac (hoac chua co vp, chua cfi chfing raa ket hfin hoac chung sfing nhu vg chdng vdi ngudi dang cfi chfing, cfi vg); kdt hfin hoac chung sfing nhu vg chong giua nhung ngudi cung ddng radu vd tryc he, giua nhfing ngudi cd hp ttong pham vi ba ddi, giua cha chfing voi con dau, me vg vdi con rd (didu 5, chuong I, Lugt hfin nhan va gia dinh 2014) [7]; ngugc dai, hanh ha, xuc pham ong, ba, cha, me, vg, chdng, con, chau, anh, chi em va cdc thanh vidn khac ttong gia dinh; xfii giuc, ep bugc con lam nhihig viec ttai phap luat, trai dao due xa hpi (didu 4, chuong I va didu 34 chuong IV, Luat hdn nhdn va gia dinh 2000) [6]...
Ludt khuydn khich thyc hien cac quydn va nghia vu: hon nhan tu nguyen, vg chfing binh ding; xdy dyng gia dinh am no, hgnh phuc; cac thanh vidn gia dinh tfin ttpng, quan tdra, cham sdc, giup do nhau (didu 2, chuong I, Ludt hdn nhan va gia dinh 2014);
vg chdng thucmg ydu, chung thuy, ton ttgng nhau (didu 19, chuong III, Ludt hfin nhdn va gia dinh 2014); cha me cham lo viec hgc tap, giao dye dd con phat ttidn lanh raanh vd thd chit, tti tue, dgo dfic, ttd tiianh nguoi con hidu thdo cua gia dinh, cong dan cd ich cho xa hgi; cha me khfing dugc phan bidt dfii xfi vdi con trdn co sd gidi hoac theo tinh ttang hfin nhan ciia cha me (didu 69, chuang V, Luat hon nhan va gia dinh 2014); cha me phai bfii thudng thiet hgi do con chua thanh nien (didu 74, chuong V, Ludt hon nhdn va gia dinh 2014); con cd
bfin phgn ydu quy, kinh ttpng, bidt cm, hidu thao, phyng duong cha me, giu gin danh du, truydn thfing tfit dep ciia gia dmh (didu 70, chuong V, Lugt hfin nhdn va gia dinh 2014); con cd nghTa vu vd quyen cham sdc, nufii duong cha rae, dgc bidt khi cha rae fim dau, gia ydu, khuydt tdt (didu 71, chuong V, Ludt hfin nhdn va gia dinh 2014); chau cd nghia vy kinh ttpng, cham sdc, phung duong fing ba nfii, fing ba ngoai (didu 104, chuong VI, Ludt hfin nhan va gia dinh 2014); anh, chi, em thuong ydu, cham sfic, gifip do nhau, nufii dudng nhau ttong trudng hpp khong con cha me (didu 105, chuang VI, Lugt hon nhdn va gia dinh 2014); cd, di, chu, cdu, bdc rupt va chau rupt thuong yeu, cham sdc, gifip do nhau, cd quyen, nghia vu nufii dudng nhau trong trudng hgp ngudi cdn dugc nufii dudng khfing cdn cha, me, con (didu 106, chuong VI, Lugt hfin nhan va gia dinh 2014) [7]...
Cd the nfii, so vdi cac ITnh vuc phdp luat khac, Luat hfin nhdn va gia dinh va ITnh vuc hfin nhan ttong Lugt tyc Raglai cd radi quan he kha gan gui. Cac quy dinh ttong chucmg cac trpng tpi cfia Ludt tuc Raglai cd sy tuang dong vdi cac quy dinh cua phdn "bao vd chd dp hdn nhdn gia dinh" trong Ludt Hfin nhan va Gia dinh (va cd phdn "cdc tpi phara" trong Lugt Hinh sy) cua Nha nudc.
Dfing thdi, ludt ghi nhdn hdu hdt nhfing diera tinh hoa nhat cfia Ludt tuc Raglai ttong quan he hfin nhan va quan he giua cac thanh vien ttong gia dinh, de cao sy doan kdt gin bd cfia cac thd he cung chung sfing, Iam vide, tucmg trg nhau, chiu trach nhidra vd hanh vi cua nhau [9, tr.497].
Ben canh nhung uu didm trdn, Ludt tyc Raglai cdn mgt sd hgn chd. So vdi Lugt hon nhan va gia dinh ndi ridng va phap lugt Viet Nam ndi chung (vdn dd cao quan he binh
ding ngang nhau giua cdc ca nhan), cac quy dinh vd hfin nhdn ttong Lugt tyc Raglai bao ve che dp hfin nhdn theo che do mau hp, quan he frong gia dinh do dd la quan he mfit chidu, dd cao vai ttd cua ngudi phu nu ttong gia dinh. Theo quan nidm cfia nguoi Raglai, vai ttd quydt dinh ttong gia dinh thupc vk ngudi vg, ngudi chi gai hoac ngudi phu nu Ion tufii nhit. Dan fing khong cd quydn tfi chdi di d rd (neu nha gai ydu cdu), va quyen dd lgi thua kd cho me de hay nhimg ngudi ttong ddng tpc cua rainh thi bi han chd. Tuy hp cfi thd dd xuit ly hfin ttong rapt sfi truimg hgp, song, nhin chung xa hfii hoc lp sy thidn vi cho nguoi vg hon khi xir Iy cac vin dk phat sinh ttong Iy hfin va hdu Iy hfin.
Cfi nhfing didu ttong ludt tuc tiid hidn khoang "vdnh" hay xung dot tryc tidp voi ludt cua Nhd nudc. Cu thd, ngudi Raglai khfing cira ngudi chdng lay hai vg ttong truang hgp vg ddu khfing sinh dugc con, khong cam chfing ly hfin khi nguoi vg dang mang thai hoac nuoi con so sinh. Thay vi cho phep nguoi co quan he huydt thfing tu 3 ddi ttd ldn ldy nhau, mfit so noi chi cho phep khi du 7 ddi trd len, hogc khi hai ngudi khac hp hoac chi hp. Truong hgp cha rae deu qua doi ma khdng de lgi di nguyen, tai san cha me Iam ra (va ldi san cha rae ke thfia tu fing ba) khfing dugc chia ddu cho cac con raa thuomg trao cho con gai ca hogc con gai fit ma khdng trao cho con ttai ttong nha. Do dfi, vide dp dyng quy dinh cua Lugt hfin nhdn va gia dinh, Lugt Thfia kd, Ludt Dit dai khi giai quydt ttanh chip trong ITnh vyc hfin nhan gia dinh nhidu khi vip phai sy phdn fing cua cfing dfing Raglai [9, tt.498].
Phucmg thfic xfi viec theo each truydn thfing cung cd didm chua tien bfi. Trudc
86
Nguyen Ngpc Thanh day, cdc vy xfi kidn chu ydu theo hinh thfic
hpp ddn ldng tuyen bfi tpi ttang cua nguoi vi pham bdng each dgc nhiing doan thi ca tmydn khau va tuydn phgt ddn bang hidn vat. Hogt dfing nay tuy nhanh gpn nhung khfing cfi bdt cfi mfit co quan nao gidm sat, ngudi phara tpi khfing cfi quydn khidu ngi, khong cd quydn dugc kdu oan ttong truong hgp hi xet xfi oan.
Nhin tu gfic dp khac, cd nhidu phong tuc tap qudn tien bg dugc quy dinh ttong luat tuc da dugc phdp lugt ghi nhgn va bao ve, nhung chua nghidm khac, chua ttiet dd, xuat phdt tfi vide thidu chd tdi thich hgp, hoac hgn chd tu chinh ban thdn phucmg thfic thyc hidn ludt. Chang han: tgi loan ludn trong Lugt tuc Raglai, bi xu ly bang nhiing hinh phat hdt sfic nang nd, cho ndn ttong xa hpi truydn thdng gan nhu khfing cd ai phgm tpi nay. Song, tpi loan ludn dugc quy dinh trong hd thfing phdp ludt Viet Nam chi dugc coi nhu mfit dieu cara chfi khfing cfi che tai xu Iy ridng mang tinh ran de. Tfii nay hdu nhu chi bj phgt hanh chinh, hoac dugc tinh nhu mpt tinh tiet tdng nang cho mpt tpi khac dugc quy dinh ttong Ludt Hinh su (giao cdu vdi trd em cd ydu tfi logn ludn, cfi tinh lay truyen benh tiiiydn nhiem bang quan he tinh dye cd yeu tfi loan ludn, ngogi tinh co yeu to loan ludn) [9, tt.499].
Cac tgi ngugc dai, bao hdnh ttong gia dinh, cac co quan phap Iuat chi van dung dugc ludt khi ngudi bi hai co don yeu ciu vd hp xac minh dugc ngudi bi hgi da chiu tfin hgi ve thd chit hogc tinh thin, cdn khfing thi khong cd can cu dd xet xfi. Trong khi do, ddi voi ngudi Raglai, cha me thuong khfing dua don tfi cao con cai ngugc dm minh ma trudng thfin, bufin ty bidt viec xay ra ttong cym ddn cu dd dp dung ludt tuc. Nhu vdy, viec xfi If bing Ludt tuc
Raglai ttong truong hgp nay sd nhanh chdng va ttidt dd hon phap ludt.
Van dd quan he tinh dye trudc hfin nhan, phap lugt Viet Nam hidn nay moi chi cd quy dinh xir ly tgi quan he tinh dye trudc tufii quy dinh gan vdi hanh vi giao can vdi tte em (thuong la nam ttdn tufii vi thanh nidn quan he vdi nu tufii vi thanh nidn), chu hoan toan khfing cd chd tai xfi ly hanh vi quan he tinh dye tu nguyen gifia nam va nil vi thanh nidn nhu quy dinh ve dam cudi tiy rfia ttong Lugt tuc Raglai.
Nan giai nhat la phap luat chi xfi ly dugc cdc vdn dd phat sinh ttong quan he gia dinh khi hfin nhdn giua vg va chdng dugc thfia nhan frdn luat dinh, tfic la phai cfi giiy dang ky kdt hdn. Nhfing truong hgp khdng cd gidy dang ky ket hfin ma td chfic dam cuoi hay chung song nhu vg chfing thi khfing thd giai quydt van dd bang phap lugt dugc.
Khfing nhu lugt tuc vfin xac dinh quan he vg chfing bang dam cudi (dara cuoi chinh thfic hay cudi phgt ddu dugc), phap ludt xac dinh mfii quan he nay bang chfing nhdn dang ky ket hfin cd dfing dau dfi cua chi'nh quydn cdp xa (didu nay cdn xa Ig vdi dfing bao d nhidu khu vyc viing sdu viing xa).
Su lung tfing, thieu kien quydt ddi vdi cac trudng hgp kd frdn la mpt thyc te da va dang didn ra d tpc ngudi Raglai nfii ridng va viing ddn tpc thieu sfi nfii chung. Vi vgy, cin phai cd sy nghidn cfiu, dieu chinh lai he thfing phap ludt tu cac co quan Trung uong frong thdi gian tdi.
5. Ket luan
Ludt tuc Raglai dugc hinh thanh tu nhu cdu quan ly xa hpi va dugc cgng dfing thfia nhan, thyc hidn mgt each ty gidc. Qua mgt
thdi gian dai ap dung, dugc sang Igc va kidm nghidm tinh hgp ly ttong thyc tidn, nd da trd thanh tinyen thfing, ttd thanh nhfing chudn myc mang tinh phong tyc. Ludt tuc cd thd coi la tri thuc cfia tpc ngudi voi nhung quy dinh cdm doan, khich Id hay xu phgt, dugc mpi ngudi thfia nhgn va mpi ca nhan, gia dinh, dfing hp phdi tudn theo.
Trong nhiing didu kidn va hoan canh nhdt dinh, ludt tuc la ndn tang cua phap Iuat nha nudc, va nguoi ta sg sy trung phgt cua luat tuc hon la sy trimg phat tfi phap Iuat. Luat tyc da gdp phdn quan ttpng xdy dyng mfit xa hpi Raglai doan kdt, tucmg ttg nhau trong san xuat va ttong doi sdng, rapt xa hpi giau tinh nhan van.
(2) Xem loi noi v5n tit trang 509 den trang 684 trong cuon Lugt tuc Cham vd Lugt tuc Raglai [3].
(3) "Npi dung Luat tuc truydn th6ng Raglai" dugc sap thanh 1 chucmg, 18 muc, voi 209 dieu, cu the nhu sau: 69 diSu vh nhiJng quy dmh chung ve to chuc xet xii, thanh phan xet xir, phucmg thuc xet xir SLT vu, su vi$c tir nhe den nang; 3 dieu ve quyen so hOn dSt dai, rimg mii khong ai dugc xam pham den;
6 di^u vh bao ve moi trucmg, ngu6n nuoc, thii rung;
10 dieu ve bao ve rimg, bao ve dat; 11 dieu ve bao ve Clia cai, tai san; 4 dieu ve tgi trgm cap, lita gat, chiSm doat tai san; 8 dieu ve quan ly, bao ve tr^u bo, gia siic; 21 dilu vk hon nhan, cuoi xin va nhiSm vu doi voi gia dinh; 4 dieu tgi ve tinh due, 6 dieu ve tgi loan luan; 11 di^u vk quan he giila cha me va con cai, 19 didu vh quan he vg chong; 4 dieu ve 161 an tidng noi; 12 didu vd hanh vi chung trong xa hgi; 22 didu vd nhOng tgi nang.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Nguyen Huu Bai, Tran Kiem Hoang, Ld VSn Hoa, Trin Vu, Chamaliaq Riya Tienq (2014), Vdn hda ddn gian Raglai a Khdnh Hda. Nxb Van hoa - Van nghe, Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
[2] Phan Dang Nhat (Chii bien) (2003), Luat tuc Chdm vd Lugt tuc Raglai, Nxb Van hoa dan tgc, Ha Ngi.
[3] Phan Dang Nhat (2007), "Luat tuc - mgt gia tri van hoa phi vat thd dac sSc", Tap chi Di sdn vdn hda, s6 1.
[4] Nguyln Quang Ngoc (2003), "Nguyen tac xay dung va cac thai didm xuit hien hucmg uac", Dao Tri t!lc (Chu bien), Huang udc trong qud trinh thifc hien ddn chu d ndng thon Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb Chinh trj qu6c gia, Ha N6i.
[5] Hoang VSn Quynh (20! 8), Lugl tuc vi bdo ve tdi nguyen thiin nhien vd mdi trudng d Viet Nam (Qua luat tuc cua cac dan tgc thieu so 6 TSy Bac va Tay Nguydn), Lu3n an Tien sT, Hgc vien khoa hgc xa hgi. Ha Ngi.
[6] Q u i c hgi nuoc Cgng hoa xa hgi chii nghia Viet Nam (2000), Ludt Hon nhdn vd Gia dinh.
[1] Qufic hgi nuac Cgng hoa xa hgi chit nghTa Viet Nam (2014), Lugt Rdn nhdn vd Gia dinh.
[8] Ld H6ng San (2003), "Mfii quan h? giira huong u a c , quy u a c ciia cgng dong dan cu va phap luat cua Nha nucrc", Dao Tri Uc (Chii bien), Huong udc trong qud Irinh thuc hien ddn chii d ndng thdn Viit Nam hien nay, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia, Ha Noi.
[9] Nguydn Nggc Thanh (Chii bidn) (2018), Hon nhdn vd gia dinh cua ddn ldc Raglai d Khdnh Hda, Nxb Khoa hgc x3 hgi. Ha Ngi.
[10] Nguydn Nggc Thanh, Nguydn Linh Huong (2016), "Luat tuc Raglai vd Hon nhan", T?p chi Van hda hpc, so 3.
