PHAN TICH DAC DIEM DI TRUYEN NGUON GEN GA LAC THUY BANG CAC CHI THI MICROSATELLITE
Ngmjin mUuM'. Nguyen Van Ba', Pham Thi Vianh Binh' P'-d'U ^""^ITj,,'- Ngmjhi Hull Dat- vi rimin Doan N g a y n h a n bai bao: 24/03/2020 - N g a y n h a n bai p h a n bien: 20/04/2020
N g a y bai bao d u o c c h a p nlian d a n g : 27/04/2020 TOJM TAT
Muc tieu oia nghien cmi nham phan tich mpt so dac diem di In iph.i ijiu tinh da dang y^ixy va mot dl tniyen, khoiing each di truyen p s ) va cau t r i e di huven (CTD'I) ciia gioiij; g.i L„> •- , .^
so giong ga b i n dia Idlac (Tai Do, Cav Ciim, Dong Tao, Mia, R.) bang 2(! chi Ihi "1'"°*=,"=' . . j „ ; qua cho thay ga Lac Thiiy c6 tinh da dang di U^iyen o muc d6 Irung biiin cao i oi t m n g huih so _ locus la 5,8; he so di h o p hi' quan sat Ho.0,58; he so di hop tu H t h i n e t 1-16-0,6, he so c m huy^' . thap (F,.0,05).Ga Lac Thiiy CO D s x a voi cac giohgga Tai D.. C=, ( i - - EMng Tao, M,a, Ri. 1 n ^ tich CTDT tren 6 giohg biing biet thiic cac thimh phaii clii.ih (1' ••I"'- ' ^l'" ^''1 'I"'' "• " * " " ' '*' ' ™ ' ' ™ rieng biet: Dong Tao, Mia va Ri; Tai Do; Cay Cum va Lac Thu v
Tir k h o a : M/crosflfc//(f(?, da dang di iruyai, De. cdi/ nacdi tiui/cn.
ABSTRACT
Genetic characterization of Lac Thuy chicken genetic resource by u s i n g microsatellite m a r k e r s This shidy was conducted to analj-ze the molecular genehc characteristics such as geneHc diversity, genetic distance and genehc structure of Lac Thuy chicken breed and some other Tai Do, Cay Cum, Dong Tao, Mia, Ri indigenous chicken breeds by 20 microsatellite markers. The results showed that Lac Thuy chicken had a high-moderate genetic diversity level with m e a n n u m b e r of alen per locus NA=5,8; mean of observed and expected heterozygosity as H o ^ . 5 8 a n d He=0.60.
The inbreeding coefficients was veri' low in Lac Thuy breed (F^=0.05). Genetic distance b e t w e e n Lac Thuy and Tai Do, Cay Cum, Dong Tao, Mia, Ri was high. The discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) of six studied breeds resulted in four genetic clusters. Dong Tao, Mia and Ri breeds joined a same genehc cluster while Lac Thuy had their own genetic cluster and Tai Do, Cay Cum had their own genetic cluster.
Keywords: Microsatdhtc, genetic diversity, genetic distance, genetic stnietnie.
I.OATVANOE
Ga L a c T h u y (LT) la g i o n g g a b a n d i a co n g u o n g o c lau d a i tai Lac T h u y ( H o a B i n h ) v a M y D i i c {Ha N o i ) , d u a c p h a t h i e n v a a n a m 2012 t r o n g c h u y e n k h a o s a t d i e u tra n g u o n g e n c o n t i e m an tai m o t so t i n h m i e n n u i p h i a BSc ciia d o a n c o n g tac V i e n C h a n n u o i . N g a y s a u p h a t h i e n d u g c g i o n g ga nay, c h u o n g t r i n h B a o t o n v a k h a i t h a c n g u o n g e n v a t n u o i d a d u a v a o b a a t o n l u u g i u n g u o n g e n n a y t h e o p h u o n g t h i i c In situ tai h u y e n Lac Thiiy ( H o a ' Vien Chan nuoi
' Hoi Chan nuoi Viet Nam
• Tac gia hen he. TS. Pham Doan Lan, Giam doc Phong thi nghiem trong diem Cong ngh# te bao dong vat-Vien Chan nuoi, Dien thoai- 0914366975, Email pdlanwC^iyahoo.com
Binh) v a Ex sif ii tai T r u n g t a m T h u c n g h i e m v a b a o t o n v a t n u o i tii' n a m 2012. T r o n g q u a t r i n h t h u c h i e n n h i e m v u b a o t o n g i o n g g a LT b S n g ca 2 p h u o n g t h u c In situ va Ex situ c h o t h a y g i o n g ga LT co c h a t l u g n g thit v a t r u n g t h a m n g o n v a n g o a i h i n h m a u sSc l o n g d e p n e n r a t d u g c n g u o i c h a n n u o i u a thich v'a rat p h u > >n v o i thi h i e u c u a n g u o i tieu d u n g Viet N.' ,ii 1.
n h i e n , g i o n g g a LT m a n g m o t ^6 n l i u o c aieiri n h u khoi i u g n g (KL) n h o , n a n g sua't t n i n g t h a p n e n h i e u q u a c h a n n u o i c u a c h i i n g c h u a cao Ket q u a k h a o sat, d a n h gia b a n chat v a k h a n a n ? s a n x u a t c u a g i o n g cho t h a y KL liic 8 t u a n tuol _ c u a ga t r o n g d a t 646,27g va ga m a i d a t 529,83e.
d e n 20 t u a n tuoi, ga t r o n g d a t 1.852,15- va g^
m a i d a t 1 580.15g; n a n g sua^ t r u n g t h a p , fU,
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
dat 87,96 qua/68 tuan hioi va 95-96 qua/72 hian tuoi. Cung nhu cac giohg ga dia phuong khac, ga LT chii yeii dugc nuoi trong cac nong hg voi quy mo dan nho nen khong dugc chgn loc, tu giao tir doi nay sang dai khac dan den kha nang sinh truong cham, sinh san thap va nguy CO thoai hoa giohg rat cao.
Danh gia quan the hay giong vat nuoi a miic do phan tu la buoc dau tien trong cong tac bao ton da dugc FAO khuyen nghi (FAO, 2007). Chi thi microsattle la mgt trong nhiing chi thi phan tu him hieu nhat de danh gia quan the a miic do phan tu nhu tinh da dang di truyen, khoang each di truyen (Ds) va cau tnic di truyen (CTDT). Chi thi microsatellite da dugc su dung de nghien cuu tren mgt so do'i tugng vat nuoi khac nhau ciia Viet Nam nhu: bo (Pham va ctv, 2013b), Ion {Pham va ctv, 2014; Ba va ctv, 2020), ga (Bethouly va ctv, 2009; Cue va ctv 2010; Pham va ctv, 2013a).
Hien tai, nghien ciiii ve giong ga LT moi chi dimg lai a miic do phan tich dac diem ngoai hinh chua dugc thuc hien a muc do phan tir.
Do vay, nghien cuu nay sir dung 20 chi thi microsattle nham danh gia tinh da dang di truyen va sai khac di truyen giiia giong ga LT voi mpt so' giong ga ngi khac nhu ga Ri, Mia, Dong Tao (DT), Cay Ciim (CC) va Tai Do (TD).
2. VAT UEU VA PHimNG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU
2.1. Doi tugfng, dia diem va thai gian
Nghien cuu dugc thuc hien tren cac mau ga LT, Mia, Ri, DT, TD va CC; Cac ca the ga du'oc chgn de lay mau theo nguyen tac han che'toi da moi quan he huye't tho'ng; tai Phong thi nghiem trong diem cong nghe te'bao dpng vat, tu thang 5/2017 den thang 12/2017.
2.2, Phuong phap
2.2.1. Thu mau vd tach chiet ADN Moi ca the ga la'y khoang 1ml mau tir tinh mach canh bang kim va ong lay mau chuyen dung CO chua san chat cho'ng dong heparin, sau do mau mau duoc chuyen ve phong thi nghiem va bao quan 6 -20"C. Tong so ADN he gen a i a moi ca the dugc tach chiet theo quy
trinh cua bo kit tach ADN tir mau ciia hang Qiagen (Dii'c).
2.2.2. Phan ihtg PCR da moi vd xac djnh kich thuac alen
Hai muoi chi thi microsatellite sir dung cho nghien ciiu dugc tham khao theo khuyen cao ciia FAO (2007) va du an AVIANDIV (http://aviandiv.tzv.fal.de).
Bg kit Multiplex Master Mix PCR ciia hang Qiagen dugc sii' dung trong cac phan ling PCR da moi cho phep nhan dac hieu cimg luc nhieu locus microsatellite. Cac moi xuoi ciia moi locus microsatellite dugc gan mau huynh quang (den, lam va luc) sir dung cho he may CEQ8000 ciia hang Backman Coulter.
Tong s6'20 cap moi de nhan dac hieu cac locus microsatellite dugc chuan hoa trong boh mix PCR da moi: mixl (MCW0295, ADL0112, MCW0216, MCW0014, MCW0098, LEI234);
mix2 {MCW0078, MCWOlll, MCW0222, LEI094, MCW0183); mix3 (ADL0268, MCW0036, MCW0067, MCW0206, LEI192);
mix4 (MCW0248, MCW0081, LEI0166, MCW0330). Phan ling PCR da moi dugc thuc hien trong to'ng the tich 25^1 gom cac thanh phan: ADN mau; cac cap moi; cac thanh pha'n CO san trong bo kit {dNTP, dem, enzyme Taq polymerase); nuac cat vo triing. Phan ling PCR dugc thuc hien theo dieu kien nhiet dp gan moi ciia tirng mix phan ung. Mix 1 nhiet dp gan moi tai 60''C, mix 2 tai 57"C, mix 3 tai 58°C va mix 4 tai 60''C.
Kich thuoc cac alen ciia moi locus microsatellite sau khi nhan dac hieu dugc xac dmh tren may giai trinh tu CEQ8000 ciia hang Beckman Coulter, sau do dugc xir ly va xua't ra duoi dang file excel boi phan mem CEQ Genetic System.
2.2.3. Phuong phap phan tich thong ke Cac tham so' thong ke quan the (F-statistics-Weir and Cockerham, 1984) nhu so' lugng alen (Na), trung binh so' alen/locus, thong tin da hinh (PIC), he so di hgp tii' theo ly thuye't (He) va quan sat (Ho), chi so'can huye't (Fis) dugc uoc lugng bang phan mem FSTAT 2.9.3.2 (Goudet, 1995). Phan mem Genpop
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 nam 2020
3.3 duoc sir dung de kiem dinh can bang di truyen Hardy-Weinberg (HW) ciia m6i locus (Raymond va Rousset, 1995). Ds dugc tinh theo phuong phap a i a Nei (1972) va kiem dinh su sai khac di truyen theo X" bSng phan mem Genetix phien ban (3.0). Cay phan loai dugc xay dung theo phuong phap neighbor- joining (NJ) dua tren ma tran Ds Nei (1972) vol gia tri bootstrap 1000 lap lai bang goi irng dung "ape" ciia phan men R. CTDT ciia 6 gio'ng ga dugc thuc hien dua tren phuong phap phan tich biet thiic cac thanh phan chinh (Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components - DAPC) bang goi phan mem
"adegenet" trong ciia phan mem R (Jombart va ctv, 2008).
3. KET QUAVA THAO LUAN
3.1. Da hinh cac chi thi microsatellite va da dang di truyen ga Lac Thuy
Tliong tin ve da dang cac locus microsateUite 6 gio'ng ga LT duoc danh gia qua cac tham so nhu so luong alen ciia mgt Igcus (NA), trung binh tong so' alen/locus, he so di hop til' theo ly thuye't (He), he so di hgp til' quan sat (Ho), thong tin da hinh (PIC), chi so' can huye't (Fis) va kiem dinh can tinh can bang di truyen (HW) ciia tirng locus dugc the hien 6 bang 2. Tong so' 116 alen dugc xac dinh tren 20 locus microsatellite, so' alen/
locus dao dong tir 2 (MCW098) den 12 alen (LEI234; LEI192), trung binh so alen/locus la 5,8. He so'di hop tir quan (Ho) a cac locus dao dong tir 0,05 (MCW098) den 0,92 (LEI234), trung binh tren 20 locus la 0,58. Tuong tu, he so' dl hgp tir theo ly thuye't (He) dao dpng tir 0,1 (MCW098) den 0,84 (LEI234), frung binh la 0,60. Chi so can huye't theo moi locus dao dong tir -0,13 (MCW248) den 0,48 (MCW098), trung binh la 0,05 cho 20 locus tren quan the.
Gia tri thong tin da hinh (PIC) trung binh ciia 20 locus tren quan the la 0,60. Tong so 13/20 locus microsatellite 6 trang thai can bSng di truyen Hardy-Weinberg, do vay xet tren tong the thi quan the ga LT 6 trang thai can bang di truyen.
Bang 2. Da dang di truyen 6 ga Lac Thuy Locus
MCW295 ADLI12 MCW216 MCW0I4 MCW098 LEI234 MCW 111 MCW 078 MCW 222 LEI 094 MCW 183 ADL268 MCW037 MCW067 MCW206 LEI192 MCW081 MCW248 LEI166 MCW330 TB
Dai alen 87-101 124-130 139-145 163-185 255-257 219-377 97-111 136-144 218-224 251-285 295-319 108-114 151-157 171-179 224-244 255-363 112-134 214-226 34*450 256-292
NA 6 3 4 7 2 12 6 3 3 10 5 3 4 5 7 12 4 5 6 9 5,8
Ho 0,72 0,51 0,69 0.54 0,05 0,92 0,80 0,26 0,39 0,77 0,51 0,51 0,39 0.77 0.62 0,56 0,54 0,69 0,59 0,72 0,58
He 0,66 0.46 0,68
PTC 0,61 0,40 0,61 0,67 0,62 0,10 0,84 0,72 0,27 0,48 0,75 0,53 0,55 0,63 0,72 0,56 0,85 0,55 0,61 0,59 0,71 0,60
0,09 0,81 0,68 0,24 0,40 0,70 0,48 0,47 0,57 0,66 0,51 0,82 0,49 0,56 0,50 0,66 0,55
Fis -0,09 -0,11 -0,02 0,20 0,48 -0,10 -0,10 0,04 0,20 -0,03 0,03 0,06 0,39 -0,07 -0,10 0,34 0,02 -0,13 -0,01 -0,01 0,05
HW ns ns ns ns
'
ns
'
ns
*
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Ghi clu'i ns. can bang; *. khong can bang di truyen Hardy-wemberg
So voi cac gio'ng ga DT, TD, CC, Mia va Ri, ga LT CO tinh da dang kieu gen cac locus microsatellite (so alenAocus) thap nhat, cao nhat 6 ga Mia (153 alen; trung binh 7,65) va TD (146 alen; trung binh 7,3). Chi so nay cao hon hau het cac gio'ng ga noi Viet Nam theo cong bo' trudc ciia Pham va ctv (2013) va tu'ong duong voi ke't qua ciia Cue va ctv (2010). Cao hon so voi ke't qua cong bo tren 5 gio'ng ga ciia Thuy Dien (Abebe va ctv, 2015);
ga A Rap (Fathi va cb/, 2017), nhung thap hon
so vai cac giohg a ga Kenya (Okumu va ctv,
2017). Su khac nhau ve so'luong alen va hung
binh so' alen/locus 6 cac cong bo co the tir cac
nguyen nhan nhu: locus microsatellite duoc
lua chgn khac nhau, so mau phan tich, each
thiic lay mau cung nhu miic do da dang di
truyen o cac giong. 6 nghien ciiu nay so luong
va trung binh so alen/locus 6 ga LT thap hon
cac gio'ng khac mac dii cimg sir dung bo locus
microsatellite la do so lugng mau phan tich it
hon (39 mau).
DI TRUYEN - GIONG VAT NUOI
T i n h d a d a n g d i t r u y e n g a LT t h e h i e n q u a c a c g i a tri H e v a H o t u o n g d u o n g v o i g a DT, M i a , Ri n h u n g tha'p h o n T D v a C C . S o n g , c a o h o n s o v a i m g t s o ' g i o n g g a n g i Viet N a m k h a c c u a P h a m va c t v (2013a); B e r t h o u l y va ctv (2009), d a c b i e t t h a p h o n a g i o n g g a n h i e u n g o n v a t i r o n g d u o n g g a Lac S o n c i m g d u g c p h a n tich tai p h o n g thi n g h i e m t r g n g d i e m v o i c i m g b g l o c u s m i c r o s a t e l l i t e ( N g u y e n K h a c K h a n h v a ctv, 2015; N g o T h i K i m Ciic va N g u y e n V a n Ba, 2019). T i n h d a d a n g di t r u y e n c u a g a LT t i r o n g d u o n g v o i c a c g i o n g ga ciia T r u n g Quo'c ( Q u v a ctv, 2006; C h e n va ctv, 2008), c a o h t m cac g i o h g g a b a n d i a b a o t o n c u a D a i L o a n ( P h a m v a ctv, 2013a) v a c a o h o n s o v o i a m g t so' g i o n g g a t r e n t h e ' g i o i k h a c ( G r a n e v i t z e v a ctv, 2007; L y i m o v a ctv, 2014;
A b e b e va ctv, 2015; O k u m u v a ctv, 2017), t h a p h o n 6 g a ciia R w a n d a v a A R a p ( H a b i m a n a v a ctv, 2020; F a t h i v a ctv, 2017). H e s o c a n h u y e t o g a LT la 0,05, t h a p h o n s o v o i cac gio'ng DT, Mia, Ri, t h a p h e m s o v o i m g t s o g i o n g ga n g i k h a c ciia Viet N a m v a t r e n the' gioi d a c o n g b o ( P h a m v a ctv, 2013a; B e r t h o u l y v a ctv, 2009;
Q u v a ctv, 2006; G r a n e v i t z e v a ctv, 2007; L y i m o va ctv, 2014; A b e b e v a ctv, 2015; O k u m u v a ctv, 2017; F a t h i v a ctv, 2017; H a b i m a n a v a ctv, 2020), d i e u n a y c h o t h a y c o n g tac q u a n ly b a o ton gio'ng g a n a y la ra't tot.
Bang 3. T h a m s o da d a n g d i t r u y e n 6 g i o n g ga
Giong Tong TB so alen/
so alen locus He Ho Fis
Mia Ri
6,35 7,65 6,30 7,30 6,20 5,80 6,6
0,60 0,64 0,64 0,70 0,65 0,60 0,63
0,55 0,54 0,58 0,67 0,62 0,58 0,59
0,10 0,16 0,09 0,06 0,07 0,05 0,08 3.2. K h o a n g e a c h d i t r u y e n
K h o a n g each d i t r u y e n (Ds) giiia cac gio'ng ga d a o d o n g 0,06-0,41: D s giiia c a c g i o n g M i a , D T v a Ri la g a n n h a u n h a t (0,06; 0,11; 0,14), xa nha't ia giiia C C , T D v a cac g i o n g M i a , DT, Ri (0,32-0,41). S o d i ga T D v a C C c6 D s xa n h a t s o v o i cac gio'ng k h a c la b o i g a T D la ga r i m g , g a
C C la m p t gio'ng m o i d u g c p h a t h i e n a i a d o n g b a o T h a i k h u v u c T a y Bac c h i i n g co i i h i e u d a c d i e m r i e n g b i e t d o n g t h o i c o m a n g d a c d i e m c u a g a r i m g n h u k h o n g co p h a o cau, b a y d u g c . G a LT CO D s xa s o v o i cac g i o h g g a Mi'a, D T , Ri (0,26-0,32). H e so p h a n ly F^^j, giiia cac gio'ng c i i n g t h e h i e n tu'cmg t u n h u D s , h e so' p h a n ly tha'p nha't giii'a cac g i o n g ga d a o d p n g tir 0,02 d e n 0,16. H e so p h a n ly giija g a LT va DT, M i a , Ri h r o n g d o i cao: 0,13; 0,11; 0,13. T h e o W r i g h t (1984) s u d a d a n g h o a giiia cac q u a n t h e h a y g i o n g d u p c c h o tha'p k h i h e so' p h a n ly F5^<0,05, t r u n g b i n h k h i 0,05<F^^<0,15 v a c a o k h i Fg.^>0,15.
B a n g 4. M a t r a n D s va Fg^ g i u a 6 g i o n g ga Giong
DT Mia Ri TD CC LT
DT 0 0,02 0,07 0,14 0,16 0,13
Mia 0,06 0 0,05 0,13 0,14 0,11
Ri 0,14 0,11 0 0,14 0,15 0,13
TD 0,33 0,32 0,32 0 0,08 0,12
CC 0,41 0,39 0,41 0,24 0 0,15
LT 0,27 0,26 0,32 0,31 0,37 0 Ghi chii: Ds: niea dwang cheo phia iren ma trdn, f^^
nifa dwang cheo phia dum ma tran
Cay phan loai the hien moi quan he di truyen ciia 6 gio'ng ga duoc xay dung dua tren Ds dupc the hien 6 hinh 1. Ga TD va CC tach thanh 2 huong kha xa so voi cac giong con lai. Ga LT tach thanh mot nhanh rieng o giira nhom TD, CC va DT, Mia, Ri.
Hinh 1. Cay phat sinh chiing loai the hien moi quan he di truyen 6 giong ga theo phuong phap Neighbor-joining dua tren Ds
(Nei, 1972)
KHKT Chdn nuoi so 257 - thdng 6 nam 2020
3.3. Cau tnic di truyen ga Lac Thuy Ke't qua phan tich CTDT ga LT voi 5 giong ga khac dugc the hien 6 hinh 2 (a,b,c,d). Hinh 2a the hien kha nang cao nha't phan thanh nhom 4 nhom di truyen dua tren tieu chuan xac suat Bayesian, tai K=4 cho gia tri BIC nho nha't. Hinh 2b va 2c la ke't qua phan tich thanh phan chinli theo cac true khac nhau trong do cac giong ga duoc chi dinh vao cac nhom di truyen tuai"vg iing. Ke't qua hinh 2d the hien toan bg cac ca the cua 6 gio'ng dugc chi dinh vao 4 nhom di truyen, hinh 2d cho thay cac
nhom di truyen hoan toan dong nha't, ngoai trir nhom ga Tai Do va ga Cay Ciim co sir pha tron voi nhau, dieu nay giai thich \'i sao l gio'ng ga nay cimg phan ve mgt phia va tach xa nhau o cay phan Ioai di truyen. Nhu vay, o gio'ng ga phan h'ch dugc phan thanh 4 nhom CTDT tuong iing 4 mau khac nhau a hinh 2d, trong do nhom 1 gom cac giohg ga-DX Mia va Ri; nhom 2 la LT; nhom 3 la TD va nhom 4 la CC. Ke't qua nay phii hop voi ket qua phan tich ve khoang each va cay phan loai di truyen, gioiig ga LT co CTDT dong nhat va tach biet so voi cac giong ga khac.
,„., . _ ,
•
b
•— ' • - *
•
•
" ™
c T r v ^ I O Z
s.'7~ 4.;-
L a c Thuv Cav Cum T i i Do Dong 'fto Mia Ri d
Hinh 2. Phan tich thanh phan chinh va cau tnic nhom di tniyen trong 6 giong ga nghien ciiu biing DAPC
4. KET LUAN
Da dang di truyen ciia quan the ga Lac Thiiy 6 miic do trung binh tu'ong doi cao. Ga LT CO he so' can huye't rat tha'p, qua do cho thay cong tac bao ton va phat trien giong ga nay hien tai ra't tot.
Giong ga LT co Ds xa vai cac gio'ng DT, Mia, Ri va co CTDT rieng biet va dong nha't.
Ke't qua nay la co so khoa hgc cho viec sir dung ga LT de lai voi cac gio'ng khac tao uu the'lai.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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Genetic diversity of five local Swedish chiken b r e e d s d e t c t e d by microsatellite m a r k e r s PloS O n e , 10(4) e0120580
2 Ba Van N., D o D.N., Van H a u N . a n d P h a m L.D. (2020)
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KHOI Ll/ONG VA MOT SO CHIEU DO CO THE CUA GA NHAN CHAN XANH NUOI THA VUON TLT 0 DEN 20 TUAN TUOI
Nguyen Huy Twang', Nguyen Tuyet Giang^, Huynh Thi Phuang Loan^, Nguyen Thi Nggc Lin¥ va Do Vo Anh Khoc^*
Ngay nhan bai bao: 12/02/2020 - Ngay nhan bai phan bien: 25/03/2020 Ngay bai bao dtrgc chap nhan dang: 17/04/2020
TOM
T A TNghien ciiu nay d u o c thyc hien de xac dinh khoi luong, cac dac diem hinh thai ciia ga N h a n Chan Xanh (NCX), d o n g thoi p h a n rich moi t u o n g quan giiia khoi l u o n g co the va cac dac diem hinh thai. Ke't qua nghien c u u 60 ca the ga NCX (30 trong va 30 mai) tu 0 den 20 tuan tuoi cho thay:
(i) Khoi lirgng va kich thuoc cac chieu d o co the ga NCX tang tuyen tinh theo d o tuoi va 6 thoi diem ' Truong Cao dang Cong dong Vinh Long
- Truong Dai hoc An Giang, Dai hpc Quoc Gia TP HCM ' TtTTOTLg Dai hoc Can Tho
' Trucmg Dai hoc Nong lam Thai Nguyen
* Tac gia hen he: PCS TS. Do Vo Anh Khoa, Tnrang Dai hpc Nong Lam Thai Nguyen DT: 0918026653 Email dvakhoaCngmail com
