NHIN RATHE GIOI 567, 6.2015 ISSN2354-1113
^MOT SO GIAI PHAP DE GIAO DUC VIET NAM
H 6 I N H A P G I A O DUC QUOC TE
ThS. Ha Th| Thuy DUdng*
Trong di dn ddi m^ cdn bdn vd todn diin gido due Viet Nam (2013), van de "chu ddng hdi nhdp vd ndng cao hiiu qud hgp tdc quoc ti trong gido due, ddo tgo"[1] dugcxdc dinh Id mdt trong 9 nhiim vu, gidi phdp chu yiu. Cd thi ndi, day Id mdt nhiim vu quan trgng gdp phdn thuc day viic ddi mdi cdn bdn vd todn diin gido due Viit Nam dien ra mdt cdch mgnh me, sdu rgng. Trong hi thong gido due, ddo tgo thi gido due dgi hgc phdi di ddu trong viic chd dgng, tich cue hgi nhdp qudc ti. Chinh vi vdy, Idm rd nhQng cd sd khdeh quan cua su edn thiit phdi hdi nhgp qudc ti trong gido due dgi hgc cung nhu tim kiim cdc gldl phdp di gido due dgi hgc Viit Nam hgi nhdp dugc vdi qudc ti Id mdt yiu edu edp thiit nhdm ddm bdo sU thdnh cdng cda cdng cugc doi mdi j edn bdn vd todn diin gido due Viit Nam hiin nay.
1. Giao due dai hoc Viet Nam phdi hdi nhdp qudc te la mdt ydu cdu tat yeu, khach quan hien nay
Tai sao gido due dai hpc Viet Nam phdi ehu ddng, tfch cue hdi nhap qudc te? Lieu ehflng ta dflng ngodi sU hdi nhdp nay ed dUpe khdng? Dd la van d l ty ludn cdn phdi Idm ro. Odng ta dua ra mpt trong nhOfng djnh hudng ddi mdi can bdn vd todn didn giao due Viet Nam Id "Chu ddng, tich cUc hdi nhdp qu6e tidi phdt triin gido due vd ddo tgo, dong thdi gido due vd ddo tgo phdi ddp Ung yiu edu hgi nhdp quoc tidi phdt triin ddt nudc"[2]. Cd Id ddy Id sU gldl thich rd rang nhat cho nhufng ly do tai sao gido due Viet Nam, trong do dac biet Id gido due dai hpc, phdi hdi nhdp qude te.Trong dd, Odng ta da chl ra hai ly do eo bdn nhdt dd la:
ThQ nhdt, chfl dpng, tich cUc hpi nhap qudc te de phdt triln gido due va dao tao.
Giao due dai hpc Vidt Nam phdi hpi nhap qude td d l hpe hdi nhu^g kinh nghiem hay trong gido due d cde nude tidn tien. Thue te eho thay kinh nghiem ciia mpt ngudi, mot dan toe sd khong bao gid td dfl eho su phat trien. Su tham khao, hpc hdi kinh nghidm ciia ban, cua dan tdc khac, cfla ed nhan loal tidn bp ludn luon la can thidt cho su phat triln cua mpt ddt nUde mpt ddn toe. Chuong trinh, phuong phdp, cdch thQc qudn ly giao due dugc xay dUng trdn ed sd su phat triln kinh te, van
hda, xa hdi hidn thUc. Nudc ta la nude &\ sau, la nUdc cdn tae hdu so vdi nhieu nUdc khac trdn thd gidi. Vi vay, trdn thd gidi da xuat hidn nhilu trao tuu, khuynh hudng phat trien gido due mdi theo xu hudng hidn dai, ed nhleu kinh nghiem ve giao due, ve xay dUng eae chuong trinh, phuong phap va qudn ly giao due tidn tien. Chfnh vi vdy, ehi ed hdi nhdp qude td trong giao due dai hpe thi giao due dai hpc Vidt Nam mdi nam bat kjp nhufng thay ddi nay d l khdng trd ndn tut hau so vdi giao due the gidi.
Glao due dai hpc Viet Nam phdi hpi nhap qude te mo^ cd ngudn lue d l tiep tue phat t r i l n . Trong xu the hdi nhdp qudc te sau rpng tren nhieu ITnh vUc hien nay trong do ed ed gido due, vide sinh vien mpt nude ndy di hpc d nUdc khdc da trd thdnh phd bien. Do do, ndu glao due dai hpc Vidt Nam khdng hdi nhdp dupe vdi qudc td, khdng cd dupe nhQng eP sd dao tao ed khd nang canh tranh vdi cdc co sd nflde ngoai, cac trQdng dai hpc trong nflde thi se ddnh mdt nidm tin eQa dan ehflng vdo he thdng gido due dai hoe trong nflde.
TQ do, nhflng ngfldi cd tiem lUc kinh td se di hpc d cae CO sd ddo tao nude ngoai ed uy tin, tao eo hdi canh tranh Idn trong vide tim kidm vide ldm;
ddng thdi ngUdi nUdc ngoai cung se khdng ddn cae CO sd gido due Viet Nam &i hpe tdp. Cd hai xu hfldng ndy deu dan tdi vide cdc trudng dai hpc
* Hpc viin Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chl Minh khu vQc IV (S) Tap chf Nghien cCtu Khoa hpc Ndi vu
567,6.2015 ISSN2354-1113 NHIN RATHE GIOI
mat di sU ung hd vd vdn cua ngudi hpc trong va ngoai nude, trong khi ddy la mot ngudn tue rdt tdn d l phat trien cac trudng dai hpc. Thieu ngudn tUc ve tai chinh, eae trudng dai hpc se kho cd t h i ed CO sd vat chat hien dai, khdng thu hut dUpc dpi ngfl gidng vidn ed nang Ifle, trinh dp vi khdng cd ehe dd dai ngp hap ddn.
ThQhai, giao due va dao tao phdi ddp flng yeu eau hdi nhap qudc te d l phdt trien dat nUdc.
Nude ta dang ehii dpng tien hanh hdl nhap qude te mpt each sau rdng trong nhilu ITnh vUe ma trflde het la trong kinh te. Chfnh vi vdy, d l Viet Nam hdi nhdp hidu qud vdi the gidi, dac biet la trong kinh t l thi giao due dat hpe phdi di trudc mpt bude, phdi hdi nhdp thdnh edng vdi nen glao due the gidi. Di phat t r i l n dat nUde, Viet Nam dang tieh cUc mdi gpi nUde ngodi ddu t u vdo nude ta vi nhieu lpi ich eho dat nude, trong do cd tao vide tdm, tang thu nhdp cho ngUdi dan. Odng thdi, chung ta cung tfch cUe xuat khdu lao ddng, vQa nang cao ddi sdng cfla ngfldi ddn, vfla thu ve mdt ngudn ngoai td tdn eho dat nflde. Tuy nhidn, de thuc hidn thanh cdng nhflng hUdng dl trong hpi nhap kinh te qudc t l ndy thi ehflng ta phdi ed mot ngudn nhdn Ifle ed chdt lupng cao, dat tidu chuan qude td ed khd ndng eanh tranh trdn todn edu thi mdi thu hflt dflpc cac nganh kinh te cd gid tri gia tang cao, sfl dung cdng nghe hidn dai ddu t u vdo nude ta. Ngupc tai, ndu ehi ed ngudn nhan lue ddi ddo, gid rd nhflng chat tflpng thap thi ehflng ta chl thu hut dflpc nhflng nganh kinh te ed tinh chat gia edng, khdng ed gid trj gia tang cao. Vd nhu vay, ndn kinh td nudc ta se tut hdu so vdi ede nude tidn tien khac tren the gidi. Vide xudt khdu tao dpng cung vay, neu tao dpng Viet Nam cd trinh dp tay nghd cao, dupe qudc td cdng nhan thi tao ddng mdi dUpc lam vide trong nhufng nganh kinh te cdng nghd cao, tfl do ed thu nhdp cho ngUdi lao ddng vd ngo^i te mang ve cho dat nude sd tdn. V$y tam t h i ndo d l ehflng ta ed dupe ngudn nhdn lUe ed chdt tUpng cao, dat tidu chuan qudc td. Mdt trong nhOfng each do la gido due dai hpe Viet Nam phdi nhanh chdng hpi nhap qudc td, bdi nhidm vu cfla gido due dai hpe chinh la dao tao ngudn nhan iQc. Hpi nhap qudc te trong gido due, tao dieu kidn cho cac co sd gido due dai hpe ed uy tfn trdn thd gidi hoat ddng 6 nude ta cflng nhfl gQI sinh vien Viet Nam hpe tdp d eae
eo sd dao tao ed uy tin trdn the gidi, nang cao chat lupng dao tao tai eac co sd dao tao dai hpe d Viet Nam dat tieu ehuan qude td se giup cho Viet Nam dap ung dupe nhu cdu ngudn nhdn tUc ed trinh dd cao di tiep nhdn cdng nghe hien dai tfl nflde ngoai dau tfl true tiep vao Vidt Nam cung nhu xuat khau dupe tao dpng cd trinh dp eao ra nude ngoai. Thuc td cho thay, nude ta ehua cd nd luc gdn cac ehuan chat tflpng ciia Viet Nam vdi eae chuan cfla qudc te, do do gay thidt hai to tdn eho qud trinh hdl nhap eiia Vidt Nam. Lao dpng ed tay nghe khdng dflpc cdng nhan bien thdnh tao dpng thu cdng; kT sfl, kiln trfle su, ludt su khdng dupe hanh nghd tai nude ngodi do khdng dupe cdng nhdn, gdy bat tpi cho viec tham gia vao thj trfldng lao dpng qude t l . Hdn nfla, eae eP sd gido due dai hpe Viet Nam ehua gdn vdi chudn qude td, cae nhd ddu t u nude ngodi ddn Viet Nam mudn sQ dung dupe lao ddng thudng phai mat mdt thdi gian de ddo tao tai ngUdi lao dpng, tfl dd tdm mat di sflc hap dan cho thj trfldng dau tfl d nude ta.
TQ mpt so \'jF do trdn, ed t h i khdng djnh rdng gido due dai hpe ed vai tro chu chdt kdo cd dodn tdugidodue, kinh tdvd van hda nflde tadi vdo hpi nhap mpt each ehii dpng va chl co glao due dai hpe mdi gdp phan rut ngdn khodng each tut hau gifla nflde ta vdi ede nude phdt triln trdn the gldl.
2. Mdt sd gidi phdp tfl gido due tfai hoc Vidt Nam hoi nhdp qudc td cd hidu qud
Di giao due dai hpc Viet Nam hpi nhap qudc te mdt edeh ed hidu qud, theo tac gid, glao due dai hpe \fidt Nam ndn tap trung thue hien tdt mdt sd gidi phdp sau:
ThQ nhdt, xdy dUng chien lupc hpi nhap qudc td, ndng eao nang lUe hpp tae vd sflc eanh tranh cfla giao due dai hpe Viet Nam. Hdi nhdp qudc t l trong glao due dai hpc khdng phdi la cdng vide ngdy mdt ngdy hai, phdi xay dUng mpt Id trinh, chidn lupc phu hpp vdi didu kidn vd hodn cdnh ciia ddt nude. Chiln tupe nay se djnh hUdng eho todn bp hoat ddng hdl nhdp qude td vd gido due dalhpednUdeta.
7771? hai, cdn tham khdo kinh nghiem tQ cde qudc gia ed ndn gido due tidn t i l n , hidn dai tren the gidi nhU: Singapore, My,... 6 cdc nha qudn ty giao due dai hpc cho rdng phdi tfla chpn tutig thdi d i l m de ddi mdi, d l dot pha va ddi mdi tfl gdc
i r
Tap chf Nghidn cufu Khoa hoc Ndi vu
NHIN RATHE GIOI S67, 6.2015 ISSN2354-1113
tdi ngpn. Cung vdl viec dau t u eho doi mdi glao due dai hpc thi can chdng t u tUdng binh qudn.
Od la lua chpn cue ky khac nghiet ddi vdl ngUcri lanh dao. Khi dau tuhang tram tridu USD cho mdt trudng ndo dd, ddi hdl ngucri qudn ty phai ed ban Iinh sdc ben de ra quyet dinh, dUOng dau vdi sfl phdn ddi. Chfnh phfl Singapore da tap trung dau tfl, ndng tflng trfldng dai hpc Idn dat ehuan qudc td vdi mue tidu dao tao phu hpp yeu edu phdt trien tifng giai doan cfla dat nflde Chung ta phdi tfla chpn mpt hoac mpt vai trfldng d i l m ed chat Iflpng tdt nhat dVidt Nam 6i tiing budc ndng tdn thanh trfldng dai hpc dat tidu ehuan dang cap qude te. Qud trinh nay cung phdi lam ddn ddn, cd Id trinh, ehfl khdng t h i ddng loat d tat cd cde trfldng. Khi chfla dfl khd ndng dau tU nang cap vd phdt triln toan bo he thdng cfla ed trudng dai hpe tdn ding cap qudc te thi can lUa chpn nhOfng ehuydn nganh gan dat ehuIn qudc te ve mpi mat nhu gidng vidn, co sd vat chdt ehUPng trinh, gido trinh... d l tao thanh bp mdn, khoa dat trinh dp qude td, la ddn bay d l thuc day toan bd he thdng khoa, bd mdn trong trudng dat trinh dp qudc te trong thdi gian tidp theo.
ThQba, tich cUc hpi nhap chuan chat lupng ddo tao dai hpe qudc te va khu vUc trUdc mat bang kiem dinh vd xdp loai npi bp tien tdi kilm djnh khu vUc va qude te. Tieh cue tham gia eae didn dan khu vUc vd qudc te de tranh thu kinh nghiem, ky thuat va sU giup dd qudc te d l he thdng kiem djnh chat lupng dao tao Viet Nam tflng bude hdi nhap dat ehuIn chdt lupng khu vfle vd qudc te;
khdi dpng dam phan cdng nhan trinh dp, bdng edp, ehUPng trinh dao tao tuong duong vol cdc CO sd gido due dai hpe trong khu vUc vd qude te.
Mudn vay, can tao dUpc sU thdng nhat chudn dao tao, Hdn ket Hdn thdng trong gido due dai hpc Viet Nam vdi qudc te bang each day manh sfl dung cac ehflpng trinh tidn tien va ede ehflong trinh Hdn kdt ddo tao cua cde dai hpc danh tidng trdn the gidi, tfch efle trao ddi hpe thudt vd trao ddi ehuydn gia.
ThUtu, ddo tao ngudn nhdn tfle co chat lupng eao Id mpt trong nhflng yeu td tidn quyet de giflp gido due dai hpc hpi nhdp qudc te. Trflde h i t cdn nang eao trinh dp ngoai ngfl, dac bidt la tidng Anh cho gidng vidn cdc tnidng dai hpe bdng vide td chflc cdc Idp hpc ngoai ngQ do cac eo sd ddo tao ngo^l ngfl qude te ed uy tfn true tiep gidng day,
^ ) Tap chl Nghien curu Khoa hoc Noi vu
ddm nhdn.TQdd, khi gidng vien dat chuin ngoai ngQ, can cQ giang vidn di dao tao nang cao trinh dd d nhCfng co sd gido due uy tin trdn the gidi.
Td chflc cho cac nha khoa hpc tham gia cac hpi thdo va ehucfiig trinh hc^ tae nghien cflu d tam cd qudc te nhdm nang eao kha nang hpi nhdp, ddng thdi ehuan bj dfl ndng Ifle va trinh dp de thu hflt td ehfle eae dien dan trao ddi vdi cac nhd khoa hpe, vidn nghien cflu hang dau cfla eae nflde.
ThQ ndm, trdn cP sd dd chuan bj dupc ngudn nhan lUe gido due eho hpi nhdp, can trien khai viec day va hpc cac chflcmg trinh dao tao ehuydn nganh bang tieng nflde ngoai, trflde mat la tidng Anh, ndng eao chat lUpng cae ehuong trinh dao tao va nghien cQu ed khd nang thu hflt ngUdi nude ngoai den cac co sd giao due dai hpe 6 Viet Nam hpe tdp, nghidn eu\J. Tren co sd dd, tao didu kidn cho vide thdnh lap van phdng dai didn ed sd gido due dai hpc cua Viet Nam d nude ngodi.
ThQsdu, xdy diing eac lang dai hpc qudc te theo md hinh khu cdng nghidp cd dfl eo sd ha tang vd mat bdng d l thu hflt eac trfldng dai hpc nghidn cflu cd ddng cap qude td ddu tfl vao Viet Nam;
khde phuc tinh trang cac trUdng dai hpe vi Ipi nhuan, ed chat lupng thap, dau t u md chi nhanh tai Vidt Nam. Nhd nUdc cdn tao eochd vd didu kidn thudn Ipi de cae nha dau tU, eo sdgiao due dai hpe ed uy tfn trdn the gldl md eae eo sd giao due dai hpc qudc te tai Viet Nam hoac Hen ket dao tao vdl cae cd sd glao due dai hpe.
ThU bdy, khuyen khich tao dieu kien cho tdt ed cac CO sd giao due dai hpe Viet Nam Hen k i t dao tao qude td, Qng dung chuong trinh tidn tiln, phUPng phap dao tao hidn dai cfla cae trudng dai hpe nflde ngoai nham nhanh chdng ndng eao vj t h i , thflpng hieu cfla eae trUcmg dai hpe Viet Nam, tao eo hdi xuat khau chat xdm, chuyen gia, t i l p nhan hpp ddng nghidn cihj cfla eac cd sd gido due nudc ngoai, tien tdi xudt khiu dieh vu gido due dai hpe Vidt Nam. Khuyen khich cae trudng dai hpe Viet Nam trao ddi gidng vidn, ehuyen gia vdi cdc cd sd ddo tao dai hpc d nude ngoai.
ThQ tdm, doi mdi eP che qudn ly ddi vdi cdc trudng dai hpQ tiep tue giao quyen t u chfl eho cac CO sd giao due dai hpc 6i cae co sd nay chfl dpng hPn trong van de hpi nhap qudc td. Ddng thdi ddi mdi co ehe qudn ly gido due dai hpe phdi gidi quyet tdt mdi quan hd glQa su thong thodng ..Jfem tiip trang 34
So7, 6.2015 ISSN2354-1113 TIENG ANH DANH CHO NGHIEN CUU NOI VU
PRODUCTIVITY
MA. Pham Due Toan, MoIHA Efficiency in producing goods or services, or the ratio between the units produced or services provided by an organization (output) and the resources consumed In production (input) during a specified period of time. Productivity indexes measure the efficiency of an organization over a period of time by comparing the current output-input ratio with that of a previous base. Productivity indexes are generally constructed so that they measure efficiency of producing products or services with no change In the level of quality or effectiveness during the period being measured. The difficulty with measuring most government services is that the measures of the amount of work being done do not adequately reflect the "real" service being provided. Output Indicators such as the number of tons of paving materials used - or the number of potholes patched - are useful measures of work accomplishment but they indicate nothing about the effectiveness of the service, that is, the resulting condition of the streets. The "number of clients treated"
in a health and rehabilitation program does not necessarily Indicate how many people are actually helped.
Productivity has become "the very hottest new word"among many of public administrators. Enthusiasm forthe concept is facilitated by the fact that at the abstract level everyone Is for productivity. It seems to be a simple and uncomplicated concept - but it is not There is no commonly shared definition. Productivity tends to be intertwined with the concepts of efficiency, savings, cutbacks, measurement effectiveness, and performance. The measurement of efficiency requires that product quality be considered. Increases in the "number of arrests per police officer" may not mean increased efficiency, if the percentage of arrests falling to lead to conviction because of police error is going up. Productivity equations must include quality factors as well as numbers.
NANG SUAT
ThS. Pham DuTc Toan, Bo Noi VM Dd Id hidu sudt trong vide tao ra hdng hda hay djeh vu hoac la t^ Id gifla cdc don vj dupe tao ra hay ede djch vu dupc cung Qng tQ mdt td ehfle (dau ra) va cde ngudn tUc dupe tidu thu trong qua trinh sdn xuat/
hoat ddng (dau vdo) trong mdt khodng thdi gian nhdt djnh. Bp ehi sd nang suat dupe dung de do tudng hieu suat eua mpt td chflc trong mdt giai doan bdng each so sanh giQa t;^ Id dau vao-dau ra d thdi dilm hidn tai vdi qudng thdi gian ngay trflde do. Do dflpc xay dflng theo each tdng qudt ndn bd chl sd ndy khdng cd sUthay ddi ve mflc dp chat I f l ^ g hay hidu qua khi do tudng hidu sudt cfla vide tao ra sdn pham hay djeh vu trong ed giai doan do tudng. Cdi khd khi do tudng hdu hdt ede djch vu cfla Nhd nflde td ede thudc do eho khdi tupng edng vide phdi hodn thanh khdng phdn dnh day dfl dupe djeh vy "thue" dupe cung Qng. Cde ehi sd dau ra nhU s6 tdn vat lidu dp tdt dupe sfl dung - hoac sd tupng nhflng dilm hu hdng dupe han vd - td nhQng thude do hOfu dung ddi vdi cdng vide dupe hodn thdnh, nhUng khdng cho thdy dupe chut nao vd tfnh hidu qud cOa djeh vu, do la, mang lai didu kidn thd ndo eho dUdng phd. "Sd tflpng khdeh hang dflpc didu trj"trong mdt chUPng trinh y te va phuc hdi chflc nang chua hdn la sd ngUdi thue su dupe giup dd.
Nang sudt hidn la ehfl dd rdt thdi sUddi vdi nhidu cdng chflc hdnh chfnh. Khai niem ndy dupe chu y nhieu vl thue te la d edp do trCftj tupng thi ai eung vi mue tidu nang sudt DUdng nhU day la khdi nidm don gidn, khdng phUe tap - nhUng thUc chat tai khdng phdi vay. Chua cd djnh nghia ehung nao dupc chdp nhdn phd bidn. Ndng sudt ed chieu hudng hda quydn vdl eae khdi nidm vd hieu suat tiet kidm, cdt gidm, do ludng, hidu qud vd kdt qud thUe thi. Vide do ludng hidu sudt ydu edu ed sU quan tdm ddn chat tUpng sdn phdm.
'So tupng cde vu bdt gifl tinh trdn cdnh sat vien" gia tang cd t h i khdng ddng nghia vdi ndng eao hidu sudt ndu nhu t^ Id cdc vu bdt giQ ddn den sQ kdt dn tai khdng dat do nhflng sai sdt tfl phia ednh sdt nhleu Idn.
Phuong trinh ndng suit phdi bao gdm nhflng eon sd cflng nhfl cdc ydu td chat tUpng.
Tap chf Nghien cihi Khoa hpc Ndi vu (47)
