THirC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
MOT SO W O N G MAC VE
THVC NGHIEM DIEU TRA VU AN HJNH SU
LE VAN QUANG*
IVong thirc nghifm dieu tra vu an hinh sur, con cd w d n g mac trong nh^n thirc ve trirdng hgp nao can phai to chirc thirc ngbidm tai hifn trirdng noi xay ra v^ an. Tir thvc tien, kinh nghifm cdng tac, tac gia neu quan diem va d i xuat vifc hirdng d i n thvc hifn.
Tie khoa: Thuc nghiem dieu tra; vu dn hinh su; Bg ludt To tung hinh su.
Nhgn bdi: 11/4/2019; bien tap xong: 22/4/2019; duyet bdi: 02/5/2019.
Bd luat Td tung hinh sir (BLTTHS) nam 2015 da quy dinh chi tiet b a n so vdi BLTTHS nam 2003 ve thuc nghiem dieu tra trong qua trinh giai quyet cac vu an hinh su. Theo dd, BLTTHS nam 2003 khdng quy dinh bat bugc Kiem sdt vien (KSV) phai kiem sdt true tiep viec thuc nghiem dieu tra, nen trong qud trinh dieu tra, KSV chu yeu kiem sdt viec thuc nghiem dieu tra thdng qua nghien cuu cac bien ban do Dieu tra vien thuc hien. De ndng cao trach nhiem cua KSV trong kiem sdt boat ddng dieu tra, BLTTHS nam 2015 da quy dinh b i t huge KSV phdi cd mat de kiem sat viec thuc nghiem dieu tra, theo dd: "Trudc khi tien hdnh thuc nghiem dieu tra, Dieu tra vien phai thdng
bdo cho Vien kiem sdt cung cap biet ve thdi gian vd dia diem tien hanh thuc nghiem dieu tra. Kiem sat vien phai cd mat de kiem sdt viec thuc nghiem dieu tra.
Neu KSV vang mat thi phdi ghi ro vao bien bdn" (khodn 2 Diiu 204 BLTTHS nam 2015).
Tuy nhien, thuc tien dp dung cdn cd vudng mac, chang han nhu trudng hgp vi pham quy dinh ve thuc nghiem dieu tra, the hien d viec khdng td chuc thuc nghiem tai hien trudng noi xay ra vu dn ma thuc hien d noi khdc, ddn den vi pham thu tuc td tung'. Nhu vdy, lien nganh tu phap boing uong cdn phai cd van ban hudng ddn de cdc CO quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien hdnh td tung thdng nhat khi tien hanh thuc nghiem dieu tra.
1. Bao cao chuyen de so 149/BC-VC3-V1 ngay 05/10/2016 cua VKSND cip cao tai thanh ph6 H6 Chi Minh
Phd Vien trirang Vi$n kiem sat nhan dan huy4n LQC Ninh, tinh Binh Phimc.
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Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 4 5
THirC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
Khodn 1 Diiu 204 BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh ve thuc nghiem diiu tra nhu sau:
"De kiem tra, xac minh tai lieu, tinh tiet cd y nghia ddi vdi viec gidi quyet vu an, Co quan dieu tra cd the thuc nghiem dieu tia bang cdch dung lai hien trudng, dien lai hanh vi, tinh hudng hoac nhiing tinh tiet khdc cua mgt su viec nhat dinh va tien hdnh cac boat ddng thuc nghiem can thiet.
Khi thuc nghiem dieu tra phai do dac, chup dnh, ghi hinh, ve so do, ghi rd ket qua thuc nghiem dieu tia vao bien ban".
Nbu vdy, dieu ludt quy dinb thuc nghiem dieu tra vu dn hinh su la viec de kiem tra, xac minh tdi lieu, tinh tiet cd y nghia ddi vdi viec gidi quyet vu an. Khi thyc nghiem dieu tra, co quan tien hdnh td tung, ngudi tien hdnh td tung cd th8 dung lai hien trudng, dien lai hdnh vi, tinh hudng hoac nhiing tinh tiet khdc cua mgt su viec nhdt dinh va tien hdnh cdc hoat dgng thuc nghiem cdn thiet.
Co quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien hanh td tung cd the thuc nghiem dieu tra bang cdch dung lai hien trudng nhung phai tai noi xdy ra vu an vd thdi gian, dia diem thuc hien phdi tuong ddng vdi thdi gian khi xay ra vu dn de ddnh gia, kiem chung lai ldi khai ciia bi can, bi hai, ngudi lam chung cd phu hgp vdi hien trudng xdy ra vu dn hay khdng.
Vi du: Bi can khai nhdn vao khodng 18 gid ngay 11/12/2018, bi can thuc hien hanh vi pham tgi tai dia diem A, khi Co quan dieu ti-a mudn thyc nghiem lai hien tiudng ciing phdi can cu vao khoang thdi gian va dia diim nay de cho bj can dien lai hanh vi pham tgi ma bi can Idiai nhan. Tu dd mdi cd thi ddnh gid cd phu hgp vdi Idi khai ciia bj can, ngudi lam chung, bi hai da khai hay
khdng. Chang ban, dnh sang, thdi tiit luc bi can thuc hien hdnh vi pham tdi nhu the nao de danh gid cho khdch quan cd phu hgp vdi dieu kien, thdi tiet, dnh sang ma bi can, bj hai, ngudi lam chiing da khai hay khdng.
Trong trudng hgp ndy thi diiu ludt quy djnh tucmg ddi chi tiet.
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi tinh tiet dieu ludt quy dinh "dien lai hanh vi, tinh hudng" thi hien dang cd nhieu y kien chua thdng nhat:
Ykien thie nhdt cho rdng, hien nay chua cd van bdn hudng dan chi tiet ve van de thuc nghiem dieu tra trong vu an hinh su.
Theo dd, thyc nghiem dieu tra Id bien phdp diiu tra dugc tien hanh thdng qua cdc boat dgng thi nghiem, thyc nghiem dac biet trong dieu kien tucmg tu nhu dieu kien ma hanh vi, sy viec, hien tugng can kiem tra, xdc minh da dien ra trudc day de cd CO sd khdch quan ket luan ve hanh vi, sy viec, hien tugng do phuc vu cdng tac dieu tra, xu ly vu an hinh su. Do vay, trong mpi trudng hgp, khi thyc nghiem dieu tra, CO quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien banh td tung phdi thuc nghiem tai hien trudng nai xdy ra vu an.
Y kien thie hai cho rdng., ddi vdi tinh tiet dieu ludt quy dinh "dien lai hanh vi, tinh hudng" thi khdng nhat thiet phdi thyc nghiem tai noi xdy ra vu an, ma chi cdn tai mdt dja diem nhat djnh, nhu tru sd lam viec hoac tai nai giam, giir bi can la dung quy dinh. Co quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien hanh td tung chi can cho bj can, bj hai, ngudi ldm chiing dien lai hanh vi ma bi can khai nhdn de kiem tra, xdc minh lai tinh tiet da dien ra trudc ddy de cd CO sd khdch quan ket luan ve hanh vi, sy viec, hien tugng dd phuc vu cdng tdc dieu tra, xu ly vu an hinh su, chii khdng
Tap chi
4 6 I KIEMSAT_yS6l8(thangftffln9)
THTC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
nhdt thiit phdi dien ta tai hien trudng xdy ra vu an. Bdi vi, neu thyc nghiem tai noi xay ra vu an thi cdng tac bao ve hien trudng rat phiic tap, ddn den tdn kem cong siic, cung nhu chi phi cho cdng tdc thyc nghiem dieu tra.
Vi du 1: Bi hai khai nhan bi chem ba nhdt dao vao bung, sudn, vai gdy thuong tich, nhung bj can cho rang bj can khdng chem ma chi dimg dao quo qua quo lai, khdng biet tning vdo ddu. Trong trudng hgp nay, chi cdn cho bj can, bj hai dien ta lai hdnh vi chii khdng nhat thiet phai dyng lai hien trudng. Do vay, co quan tien hdnh td tung, ngudi tien hanh to tung chi cdn cho bi can, bi bai diln lai hdnh vi tai try sd lam viec hoac tai noi giam, giii hi can la diing quy djnh cua BLTTHS nam 2015.
Vi du 2: Tai hien trudng vu trdm cap tdi san de lai nhieu ddu vet cay cua phia trudc de dot nhap vao nha trdm cap tai sdn, nhung bi can lai khai nhan la di vao ciia sau. Trong trudng hgp nay, co quan tien hdnh td tyng, ngudi tien hanh td tung phai tien hdnh thuc nghiem hien trudng tai noi xdy ra vu an de kiem tia, xdc minh lai tinh tiet da dien ra chii khdng the cho bi can dien lai hdnh vi tai tru sd ldm viec hoac tai noi giam, giu bj can.
Nhu vay, bien phdp thuc nghiem dieu tia tai hien trudng noi xdy ra vu an la phai trong cac trudng hgp nham muc dich kiem tia, xdc minh tdi lieu, tinh tiet cd y nghia ddi vdi viec gidi quyet vu dn, nhu: Kiem tia xem bj can cd the thyc hien dugc hdnh vi nao do hay khdng? Ngudi lam chiing, bj hai cd the trdng thdy, nghe thdy ldi ndi cua bj can trong mdt khoang each xdc dinh hay khdng?... Theo do, tiong tiirdng hgp nay thi CO quan tien hdnh td tung, ngudi tien hdnh
td tung phai thyc nghiem dieu tia bang cdch dyng lai hien trudng nai xay ra vy an. Cdn ddi vdi vi du 1 thi khdng nhdt thiet phdi dyng lai hien trudng nai xay ra vu dn ma chi can cho bj can, bj hai, ngudi lam chung dien lai hdnh vi tai try sd lam viec hoac tai noi giam, giii bj can la dung quy djnh.
Tu nhiing khd khan, vudng mac neu tren, qua nghien ciiu BLTTHS nam 2015, theo tdc gia, quy djnh ve thuc nghiem dieu tra can dugc hudng dan theo hudng nhu sau:
Thie nhdt, khi thuc nghiem dieu tra de kiem tra xem bi can cd the thuc hien dugc hanh vi ndo dd hay khdng; ngudi lam chiing, bj hai cd the trdng thdy, nghe thdy ldi ndi cua bi can trong mdt khodng cdch xdc djnh hay khdng, thi co quan tien hanh td tung, ngudi tien hdnh td tung bat bugc phdi thyc hien tai hien trudng noi xdy ra vu dn, thdi gian, dia diem phai ddng nhat vdi thdi gian, dia diem ma bi can thyc hien hanh vi pham tgi, trur trudng hgp hien trudng bj xdo trdn, hoac da thay ddi hien trudng, khdng the khac phuc dugc thi chi cdn cho diln lai hanh vi tai mdt dja diem ndo dd Id dung quy dinh cua phap ludt.
Thu hai, ddi vdi trudng hgp chi cho diln lai hanh vi thi khdng nhat thiet phdi thuc nghiem tai hien trudng xay ra vu an ma chi cdn tai mgt dja diem nao dd thuan tien cho viec bj can, bi hai, ngudi lam chiing dien ta lai hanh vi la dam bdo diing thu tuc td tung.
Ddng thdi, de nghj lien ngdnh tu phap trung uong cd van ban hudng ddn khodn 1 Diiu 204 BLTTHS nam 2015 vi thuc nghiem dieu tra de thdng nhdt dp dyng vdo thuc tien.n
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Tap chi _KIEMSAT 1 4 7
