^ N G H I E N ciiu-TRAO BOI
C y bdng. kinh phi lap dU dn ddi vdi cac dU a n xay dUng Trung t a m thUdng mai tai Khu TM - CN Kim Thanh; chd d cac khu dd thi khuye'n khich ddu tU theo hinh thUc BOT. BT, BTO. Lap danh muc cac du a n KCHTTM dUdc Uu tidn ddu tU, cac Uu dai va hd trd cua tinh dd'i vdi cac dU a n va thdng bao rdng rai t r e n cdc phUdng tien thdng tin dai chung, qua cac hdi nghi, hdi thdo vd hdp tac xay dUng
"Hai h a n h lang, mdt vanh dai kinh te' Viet Nam - Trung Qud'c", hdi chd trong va ngdai nUde, nhdt la Hdi chd thUdng mai taien gidi Viet - Trung dUdc td chUc luan phidn hang n a m lai t h a n h phd Lao Cai va huyen Ha Khau (Van Nam), qua cac chUdng trinh xuc lien thUdng mai va ddu lif de de'n vdi cac nha ddu lU trong va ngoai nUdc.
Thu ndm. ui to chuc qudn ly. Hoan thien bp may quan ly Nha nUdc theo hUdng gpn nhe va hieu qud; thUe hien p h a n cdng va p h a n cap rd rang glUa cac cd quan qudn Iy ve thUdng mai cac cap. Hinh t h a n h va p h a l trien cac dd'i tUdng tham gia vao cac he thd'ng p h a n phdi hang hda qua he thd'ng KCHTTM; p h a t trien cac thUdng n h a n tham gia kinh doanh. cac dich \ai phu trd trong he thd'ng KCHTTM: xay dUng he thd'ng cd sd vat chat ky thuat cho cac loai hinh KCHTTM: tang cifdng cdng lac QLNN dd'i vdi KCHTTM tren dia b a n tinh.
ddng thdi xay difng md hinh td chifc va quan ly cua tifng loai hinh KCHTTM phu hdp vdi muc lieu qudn ly.
1 8 1 THUONGMAISo 18/2011
Thd sdu. vi khoa hoc cdng nghe. Tich cUc thuc day va hd trd \aec ap dung ky thuat qudn ly kinh doanh, p h a n phdi hidn dai trong cac DN IhUdng mai. dich vn t r e n dia ban. ThUc hien d a n h gia.
p h a n loai va cdng n h a n xep h a n g cdc cdng trinh HTTM theo quy dinh de ddn chudn hda nang cao chat lUdng phuc vu. Tinh d a n h mdt phdn ngan sach dia phUdng hang nam de hd trd cho nghien cUu trien khai ap dung cac chUdng trinh, dd tai nghien cUu khoa hpc, ap dung cac gidi p h a p hUu ich de phat trien trien ket cau ha tang thUo'ng mai...
Thiif bdy. vi phdt trien ngudn nhdn ldc. Lidn ket vdi cac cd sd dao tao nghe dam tado cung Ung lUc lUdng lao ddng chuydn nghiep cho cac boat ddng cua he thdng KCHTTM: chu trpng dao lao nghd de cd dpi ngu can bd, cdng n h a n ky thuat, n h a n vidn nghiep vu lanh nghe du kha nang ndm bdt va sU dung t h a n h thao cac phUdng lien ky thuat va cdng nghe hien dai lai cac chd b a n budn, sidu thi, trung l a m b a n budn, trung lam mua sam. trung tam TM, cUa hang kinh doanh xang ddu, khi ddu md hda Idng... Tao cd hdi cho cac nha qudn Iy hpc tap kinh nghiep qudn ly va a p dung lien tap khoa hpc vao qudn ly boat ddng cua lUng loai hinh ke't ca'u ha tang thUdng mai.
Tranh thu cac ngudn vdn trong va ngdai nUdc de hd trd dao lao cho cac DN, trong dd phan bd hdp ly va sU dung cd hieu qud ngudn kinh phi lU ngan sach nha nUde •
T
rong thdi gian gdn day cac kdnh b a n le hidn dai dang phal trien m a n h md va da dang. Thi trUdng b a n le Viet Nam dupc ddnh gia cd rat nhidu thuan ldi de phat trien, song cung da va dang tao ra thach thUe va cd hdi cho cac DN ndi dia tU hoan thien va ddi mdi bdn than. Thi phdn b a n le qua cac n a m gdn day cho thay thUdng mai thdng thudng (TMTT) va thUdng mai hien dai (TMHD) ddu chiem ty trpng kha cao va ludn giU d mUc dn dinh.Mac du vay. xu hUdng gia lang thi phdn cua k e n h IhUdng mai hien dai ngay cang the hien rd. Theo Vien chinh sach va chie'n lUdc phal trien ndng nghiep ndng thdn, cd nUdc hien cd khodng 9.000 chd cac loai, trong dd 75% la chd ndng thon, 25% la chd t h a n h thi va mdi co 3 0 / 6 4 tinh thanh cd sidu thi. Vi the, kenh p h a n phdi hang hoa qua sieu thi chi chiem khodng 10% doanh thu ban le cua cd nUdc. Tuy nhien, ngudi lieu dung dang ngay cang co thdi quen di mua sdm d sidu thi, day chinh la cd hdi cho cac nganh b a n le hien dai tie'p tuc phat trien.
Tuy nhidn, van de khd khan n h a t trong giai doan hien nay ddi vdi cac DNBL chinh la van de thieu vdn boat dpng. Phdn ldn ngudn vdn chu sd hUu DNBL bd ra de ddu tU cho viec xay dUng he thd'ng cUa hang, sidu thi, ndn vdn lUu ddng rat thap. Ben canh dd, nhu cdu ddu tU cho xay dUng kho bai, phUdng lien van ldi cung gia tang da khien cac DNBL phdi lim dd'n cac ngudn lai trd tu nd vay trong khi chUa huy ddng dUdc lU ngudn tdi trd dai ban.
tu vd'n ddu tU them cua chu sd hUu hay tu cd phieu IhUdng. Chinh vi the, DNBL gap kha nhidu khd khan trong vide phat trien. gia tang ngudn vd'n cho hoat ddng md rdng qui mo kinh doanh cua minh. TrUdc tinh hinh nay. Nha nUdc cung da cd cac chinh sach hd trd tin dung cho cac DN vUa va nhd (trong dd cd DNBL
NGHIEN ciiu-TRAO Dd'l 5
• TS LE THI LANH DH K i n h t e TP. HCM
c u a Viet Nam) b d n g e a c h didu c h i n h lai s u a t cho vay hd trd cho c a c td chUc t h d n g q u a c a c gdi k i c h t h i c h k i n h le lU d a u n a m 2 0 0 9 , 2 0 1 0 t h e o c a c q u y e l d i n h
1 3 1 / Q D - T r g va 4 4 3 / Q D - T T g . Mac du c a c c h i n h s a c h hd trd tin d u n g t r e n giup c a c DN b a n le Viet N a m cd cd hdi t i e p c a n n g u d n vd'n vdi chi p h i vay r e , s o n g N h a nUde chUa cd c h i n h s a c h r i d n g c h o viec t a i trd vd'n cho c a c DN b a n le Viet N a m de cd t h e c a n h t r a n h vdi c a c DN ngoai t r o n g k h i c a c DN nUdc ngoai cd n h i d u ldi t h e h d n vd n g u d n vd'n ldn; n g u d n h a n g p h o n g p h u , d a d a n g : I r i n h dp qudn ly. ky n a n g lie'p thi. q u d n g cao, c h i e n lUdc k i n h d o a n h , ldi the vd chi phi va gia b a n . C a c DNBL h i e n d a i c u a Viet Nam mudn dupc hifdng nhUng Uu d a i lU cho vay Uu d a i lai s u a l h a y dUdc n d m t r o n g d i e n dUdc vay
t h e o SMEFP (dU a n SMEFP do C h i n h p h u N h a l B a n tai trd t b d n g qua n g a n h a n g h d p l a c qudc le Nhat B a n (JBIC) thi k h d n g phdi de d a n g .
Cau t n i c lai c h i n h cua m d t so DN b a n le tai TP HCM cho t h a y linh h i n h buy d d n g vd'n cua c a c DN n a y deu cd he sd n d k h a cao (tren 50%) va chu ye'u la n d c a c Thi p h a n b a n l e c u a k e n h TMTT v a k e n h TMHD t r e n ca nUdc
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(Nguon : Grocery Report - The Nielsen 2008)
n h a cung c a p difdi b i n h thifc tin d u n g thUdng m a i .
Nhd v a o chu ky quay v d n g vdn n h a n h n e n DNBL cd t h e b a n d u p c h a n g n h a n h c h d n g va thu d u p c l i e n de t r a n g t r a i np c h o c a c n h a c u n g c a p . ThUc t r a n g dd difdc b i e u b i e n c u a sU t a n g IrUdng c u a c a c n g u d n vd'n t a i c a c DNBL h i e n d a i d i e n h i n h TPHCM.
TU nbUng n h a n dinh t r e n xin dupc de x u a l c a c giai p h a p cho c a c DNBL Viet Nam cd t h e huy d d n g vd'n tai trd cho b o a t d d n g ddu tu, kinh d o a n h nhU sau:
- Gia tdng ngudn tdi trd td hdn thdn DNBL
Cac DNBL cdn n a n g cao n a n g lUc c a n h t r a n h ; Uu t i d n c h a t lUdng s d n p h a m . dich vu h a u mai, lidn k e l p h a n phdi h a n g h d a ndi dia...; n a n g cao trinh dp q u d n ly. t r a n g tai c d n g n g h e h i d n d a i . d a c bidt ^ ^
THUONGMAISo 18/2011 I 1 9
^ N G H I E N ciiu-TRAO BOI
Cau triic vd'n cua ca c DN'BLtai TP HCM 1
Ngu6nv6n
Nof VonCSH Tffng
C^'u tnic von nam 2010 Phan
Khang
m- ' m
lOfJ'^o Chii Ld'n ii'~f
' m
if(i''f N g u y &
Kim
r 5K.
' m
[m:
ma\
m
lOKf Sai Gon '53-^.
m vm^
Tong ' 5 - .
m
imt
Cju tnic von nam W Plian
Khang
"1^
4Ff
m%
Ch(J bin
52';
Wc
m%
Nguyen Kim ' 5Fo
' m
liWc Ma\i mav
m w,
Sal Gon
53ff
in
m<-c ling
52'7
mc
[m
C^u triic vo'n nam 2lii8 Phan
Khang
mc
' 42%
[(m Chfl(
bin
' sr.
mc m%
Nguyen Kim ' 51%
^ m
Kifc Max!
ma\
' i ) % '*%
1(1)%
Sai Gon
53%
47%
1111%
T6ng 51%
4^%
11X1%
{Nguon: Tdng hop til bao cao tai chinh cua cac DNBL)
Doanh nghiep
Phan Kliang Chd Ldn Nguyen Kini Maximax Sai Go u
No' vay &
nga nhan, phai tra noi bo ngan han 2010/2009
37''f 27%
lA'^c - -
2009/2008 28%
18%
10%
- -
Tang tnicing phai tra ngiio'i ban 2010/2009
-4%
6%
2%
23%
.5%
2009/2008 19%
3%
2%
1%
5%
Tang tnidng no' dai ban 2010/2009
-17%
35%
- - -
2lK)9/2008 60%
30%
- - -
Tang tru'dng v6'n chu sS hiiu
2010/2009 - - - - -
2009/2008 33%
- - - -
Tang trudng Ig'i nhua n giii la i 2010/2009
31%
7%
49%
25%
18%
2009/2008 23%
10%
35%
5%
10%
{Nguon: Tdng hap til bao cao tai chinh cua cac DNBL hien dai TPHCM)
phdi ndm bdl xu hUdng p h a t trien thi trUdng de cd chie'n lUdc kinh doanh phu hdp; lang cUdng lien ke't. hdp tac hoac qua cac hinh thUc mua ban, sap nhap de xay dUng, hpp lac va phat trien nhieu tap doan phan phdi ldn du sUc canh tranh vdi nUde ngoai.
Ben canh dd, nang cao nang lUc tai chinh cua cac DN nay trong qua trinh canh tranh cung la mdt giai phap hd trd cho viec tich luy ldi nhuan de lai cho tai ddu tu. md rdng....
- Gidi phdp tiep can nguon tdi hd td vdn ddu tu cda chd sd hdu PhUdng thUc liep can va huy dpng ngudn vd'n nay la thdng qua p h a t h a n h cd phie'u hoac kdu gpi vd'n dau lif tU cac ben ddi lac, lien doanh bdng hdp ddng hdp lac lidn ke't... Ngoai TTCK Viet Nam. cac DN cung cd the tham gia vao TTCK nUdc ngoai se la mdt tac n h a n tac ddng tich cUc de'n uy tin. thUdng hidu cua DN.
- Gidi phdp ndng cao khd ndng huy ddng ngudn tdi trd nd:
2 0 1 THUONGMAISo 18/2011
Nd dai b a n ma cac DNBL hien dai cua Viet Nam cd the huy ddng dUde dd la tU ngudn vay trung. dai b a n hoac di thud tai chinh.
De cd the nang cao kha nang huy ddng vdn tU ngudn nay, cac DNBL hien dai cua Viet Nam cd the tUng budc minh bach hoa cac bao cao tai chinh, cdng khai hoa tinh hinh boat ddng kinh doanh cua minh. Nhd the, cac Cly cho thud tai chinh, ngan hang thUdng mai cd the cd sU p h a n lich, n h a n dinh ridng vd tUng DN ma hp quan tam va tU tim de'n vdi cac DN nay de gidi thieu ve sdn pham cho thud lai chinh hoac sdn p h a m cho vay.
Ddng thdi vdi mdt ke hoach kinh doanh rd rang, hidu qud sd la mdt trong nhUng n h a n to nang cao khd nang huy ddng va sU dung ngudn vd'n cd dUde tU di thud lai chinh vao hoat ddng ban hang, kinh doanh cua minh.
- Ndng cao khd ndng tiep can nguon tdi trd td cdc quy
De thu hut vdn ddu tif tU cac
quy, DNBL can nang cao nang lUc canh tranh, thay ddi each qudn Iy va didu h a n h mang tinh chat gia dinh, thay vao dd la van dung cac kinh nghiem qudn ly theo cd che p h a n cap, phan quydn, cd chinh sdch thu hut va giU ngudi tai, mdi IrUdng lam vide chuyen nghidp. cd chinh sach ddi xU cdng bang vdi ngUdi lao ddng.
- Tdi cdu true vdn de van dung cdc ngudn tdi trd hieu qud
Tuy theo giai doan phat trien cua DN va phu thudc vao muc tidu DN dd ra ma cdc DNBL hien dai cua Viet Nam cd the xay dUng ndn cdu true vd'n muc ueu.
hoach dinh cac chie'n lUdc tdi Uu de boat ddng. Qua dd, xay dUng n e n cau true vd'n tdi Uu nhdm gidm chi phi sU dung vd'n trung binh dd'n mUc t h a p nhdt ddng thdi vdi tdi da hod gid tri DN.
- Gidi phdp cho phia nhd nildc vd cdc cd qucui bcui ngdnli lien quan + Nang cao tai trd lin dung thUdng mai cho cac DNBL.
Cd sd p h a p Iy de xac n h a n quan he nd ndn trong quan he tin diing thUdng mai la thUdng phie'u. De loai binb lin dung nay phat trien cung ddng nghia vdi vide nha nUdc can tao dUng mdt hanh lang phap Iy cho sU tdn tai va cho viec thUc hien cac nghiep vu lien quan den IhUdng phieu dUdc an loan va thuan ldi, tranh tinh trang hai DN thdng ddng nhau lap ra thUdng phie'u khdng (thUdng phie'u khdng phal sinh tu quan he mua b a n chiu) de mang den ngan hang xin chiet khau hoac cdm cd.
+ Nang cao tai trd tadng cac quy ddu lU
Cdn cd sU phd'i hdp chat chd cua cd quan qudn ly chu quan cua Cly qudn ly quy la Liy ban ChUng khoan Nha nUde, Bd Tai Chinh va Ngan hang Nha NUdc Viet Nam giam sal loan tap cac boat ddng cua Cty qudn ly quy, cac quy ddu tU va cac ngan hang giam sat vd mat vi md.
+ Nang cao tai trd cho vay ngan hang cho cac DNBL
Nang cao vai trd qudn ly cua nha nUdc dd'i vdi tin dung ngan hang, NHNN va eac cd quan chUe nang lien quan cd the xem xet hidu chinh Iai cd che the chdp, tin chap., theo bUdng ddi mdi, bdo ve dUdc quyen ldi cua ngan hang va hdp ly hdn cho cac DN di vay. Vdi thUe te cac DN ban le Viet Nam cung cd chung tinh trang vdi cac DNNW khac, dd la khi vay vdn ngan hang ddu phdi cd lai sdn the chap, ma phdn ldn ngan hang tin tudng tai sdn the chap la bat ddng sdn, cdn cac loai giay td cd gia khac it cd gia tri the chdp ma thay vao dd la ngan hang chi thUe hien kieu giao dich chiet khau giay td cd gia vdi mong hudng chenh lech gid khi den han va cd Iai suat chiet khau....
Cdn xem xet nang ty le gidi ngan cao hdn mUc qui dinh cu (tdi da 70% gia tri tai sdn the chap) bdi Id gia tri bat ddng san ngay cang cd khuynh hUdng lang gia Iri, ne'u cac DNBL di vay that sU pha sdn hay khdng cd khd n a n g t h a n h loan ddn de'n tinh trang phdi p h a t mai tai sdn the chap thi ngan hang cung cd the thu dUde gia Iri theo gia thi trUdng, vdn dam bdo thu hoan dUde nd gd'e trong khi vdn cho eac DN vay trUdc dd thap hdn nhieu.
- Ndng cao khd ndng tdi trd td cho thue tdi chinh
Hien nay cac chinh sach ve CTTC chUa ddy du, chUa rd rang va mdi trUdng phap ly chUa hoan chinh va thie'u ddng tad. Do dd.
de thi trUdng CTTC that sU phal trien manh can nhidu sU hd trd lU phia nha nUdc. Cdng lac qudn ly nha nUde ve boat ddng sdn xual kinh doanh cua cac thanh phdn kinh le ngoai qudc doanh thi phdi IhUdng xuyen kiem tra.
danh gia tinh binb chap banh phap luat, tuan tbu qui dinh cua luat trong viec kinh doanh va qui dinh cd che bao cao tai chinh cdng khai hoac cd dia chi website cdng khai cac tinh hinh boat ddng, kinh doanh va bao cao lai chinh.. cua DN de mpi Cty CTTC deu cd the truy cap dupc thdng tin ma minh quan tam khi quyel dinh cho thud hay khdng. tranh dUde tinh trang sd hd ddn dd'n lUa ddo gay thiet hai vd tai chinh cho Cly CTTC.
- Gidi phdp hd trd khdc + Ve thue: Bd tai chinh ndn phdi hdp vdi ldng cue thud ban h a n h chinh sach Uu dai rieng dd'i vdi cac DN Viet Nam dang kinh doanh trong nganh bdn le hidn dai nhU mien. giam. Uu dai ve thud thu nhap DN, thue mdn bai, thud gid tri gia tang, thud
NGHIEN CtfU-TRAO
BCTIxual nhap khdu. thud lieu thu dac biet.... Ddng thdi. cac loai phi. Id phi khac cung nen dUdc nghien cUu mien gidm cho tUng ddi tUdng.
-I- Cd chinh sach trd gia hang boa trong giai doan lam phat hoac cac thdi gian cao diem cd sU tang gia theo chu ky hay bat thudng, cung nhU trong cac dot bien ddng cua thi trUdng the gidi.
-I- Phat trien TTCK va lao dieu kien cho cac DN trong nganh ban le tham gia de gia tang bieu qud thu but vdn lU cd phie'u. trai phieu...
-I- Chinh sUa cac dieu khoan lien quan de'n nhUdng quyen thUdng mai (Franchise) de cac DN Viet Nam cd the boat ddng theo budng nhUdng quyen IhUdng mai dUdc td't bdn •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Tran Ngoc Dang (2008), "Wal-Mart Effect" ( Hieu ung Wal-Mart) cua nha bao kinh te Charles Fishman, ban dich UBND TP.HCM, QD17/2009/QD- UBND(12/02/2009)."Ban hanh quy hoach dinh hudng phat trien he thong cha - sieu thi - trung tam thuong mai tren dia ban TP HCM giai doan td nam 2009 den nam 2015"
UBND TPHCM, Quyet dmh 41/2009/QD-UBND(09/06/2009) "Phe duyet de an phat then he thong phan phdi ban buon, ban le tren dia ban TPHCM den nam 2015, tam nhin den nam 2020"
Thu tudng chinh phu, Quyet dmh 443/QD-TTg(04/04/2009) "Hd'tro lai suat cho cac to chuc, ca nhan vay von trung, dai han ngan hang de thuc hien dau tu mdi dephat trien san xuat-kinh doanh"
Thu tudng chinh phu, Quyet dinh 131/QD-TTg(23/01/2009) "Hd'tro lai suat cho cac to chde, ca nhan vay von ngan hang desan xuat- kinh doanh".
THUONGMAISo 18/2011 1 2 1
