KHOA H p c C 6 N 0 N 0 H |
DAIMH G I A THiCH HQP D A T DAI M H A M 51J DIJIVG D A T iMOiVG M G H I C P BI^IV V U M G HIJY$I\I IXIGHIA HUIMG,
TilXIH IMAM D|I\IH
P h ^ Thi Phin', Nguy&i Hlhi Ihftnh^
T6MTAT
Nghia Hung lft huy§n ven bi^n cua tinh Nam Djnh, c6 t6ng di^n tich bf nhifin lft 25.444,06 ha, di$n tich d^t nong nghidp lft 16.664,87 ha. DSt dai huy^n Nghia Hung rfit thich hgp cho trAng Iiia nu6c vft nuoi tring thuy san. Ti 1^ di^n tich Ait thich h(?p * miic SI cua cftc LUT phtf bi^n: 2 liia 0). liia dJc sftn OD. 2 liia 1 mftu Oil), 1 Ida 2 mftu (TV), chuyfin mftu (V), 1 liia 1 thiiy sftn nu6c ngpt (VI), 1 liia 1 thuy sftn nu6c 1^ (VIO, chuyfin thiiy san nii6c ngpt (VIII), chuyfin thuy sftn nu6c Igr (DO vft chuyfin thCiy sftn nu6c mftn (50 so v6i t6ng di^n tich dftnh gift, tuong ling d^t 45,35%, 47,75%, 39.34%. 15,77%, 5,01%, 47,85%, 37,10%, 52,77%. 35,09% vft 4,72%.
Hifiu quft cftc LUT nfing nghidp ph<J bi^n ciia huyfin Nghia Hung nhu sau: B6i v6i hifiu quft kinh t^: Cac LUT c6 hifiu quft kinh t^ cao di^n hinh; X. DC, V. Cftc LUT c6 hifiu qua kinh t^ thip gfim: I, II, VI. Ddi voi hifiu quft xft h$i: Ngofti dftm bfto an ninli luong thvrc cho nguW dftn dja phuong, huyfin Nghia Hung c6n san xuftt Ilia hftng h6a vft phijc vvi chftn nudi. Lao d$ng ndng, Iftm nghidp vft thuy sftn chi^m d^n 66,64% tdng sd tao d^ng c6 trfin d(a bftn huyfin. Thu nhftp tir san xuftt ndng nghidp vft thiiy sftn chi^m d^n 70% tdng sd thu nhftp cua ndng hO- Ddi vdi hifiu qua mdi Uudng; LUT I, II, III, IV b^n viing vd mdi trudng. Cftc LUT DC, X cd bieu hifin d nhi^m ngudn nudc.
TVrkhda: Danh gii dat. ndngnghi$p. sUdymgdat LBATViUUK
San xuat nong nghi?p co tam quan trong dftc biet, san pham tir nong nghiep khdng gi c6 th^ thay th^. Do sue ep v^ dan sd, toe do cdng nghidp hoa, dd thi hda, chuyin ddi muc dich sii dimg dat, bao gdm ca chuyen doi ca cau sii dung dat ndng nghiep ndn dat ndng nghiep ngay cang hi thu h?p.
Nghia Hung la huyfin ven bi^n ciia tinh Nam Dinh, dat c6 xu huang bi nhidm mfln mdt phan do tac dong Clia nudc biln, do sii dung d^t khdng dung, mdt phan khac do chuyin doi tir dat trdng lua sang nudi trdng thuy san nudc m ^ va nudc Ig. Quy hoaeh su dung dat ndng nghidp ciia huyfin dupc xfty dung chu y^u dua vao y ki^n chii quan ctia cftc chuyfin gia dja phuong. Vl vfty, d ^ h gia, phftn hang thich hgrp dat dai nhlim su dung dat ndng nghidp bin vung la c4n thidt
L PHUONG P H A P NGHEN CUU
1. Phuong phftp dilu tra Ihu ffaft|) thdng tin a. Thu thap sd tidu thli cap
Thu thftp tai lifiu, so Ufiu cd sftn v l dilu kidn tu nhien, kinh tl, xft hdi cd sftn tai cftc ca quan nhft nuoc cd tham quyln a dia phuang.
Nghioi cuu sinh Khoa Tfti nguyen & Mdi tmdng, Tmdng D^i hpcN6ngnghi?pHaNoi
Khoa Tai nguyen va Moi tnrdng, Trudng D^i hpc Ndng nghidp Ha Npi
b. Didu tra, tiiu thip thdng tin sacdp - Sit dung phuang phap dilu tra ndng hp (RR^:
170 ndng hd duoc dilu tra (chiem khoftng 0,28% tdng sd hd cd trdn dia ban huyfin). Mau phi^u dilu tra ndng hd bao gom cac thdng tin; Nftng su^t, sii dung phftn bdn, thuoc trir sftu va bao vfi thuc vftt cua cac loai hinh su dung dat (LUT); nhu cau vl vdn, ky thuat va dat dai; du djnh ciia ndng hd vl thay doi he thdng cfty trdng vft thuy san trong tuong lai; tong sd thu nhftp tir ndng nghifip ciia ndng hp.
- Dilu tra theo cftc don vj daL
- Chpn ndng hd dilu tra theo phuang phftp chpn mau phi ngau nhifin, dam bao nguyfin tftc ndng ho dupc chpn mang tinh d^ difin cao nh^L
2. Phuong phftp ph&n l o ^ d^t
Phftn lo^i dat huyfin Nghia Hung bftng phuang phftp cua FAG-UNESCO (1990) [4].
3. Phuong phftp dftnh gift dit Danh gift dat theo FAO [], trong do:
a. Xiy dung ban dd don vj dat dai: phuang phap GIS.
b. Phin hang tiiich hgp:
• Phuang phftp tham so, kit hgp vdi chuyen gia.
- Xac dinh trpng s^ cac yeu to: Su dung phuong p h ^ phan tich phan c ^ (Analytical Hierarchy Process - AHP) vft so sanh cftp ddi cua Saaty (1980) [5].
c. Bin dd Dupc xfty dung bang cftc phan mem:
Microstation, Mapinfo vft ArcGIS.
! N 6 N G M < ? " ' £ D " * DHAT TDiPM hi^hiti. T U A M - K Y 1 - THANG 9/2012 51
KHOA H9C C6KO WjWH
a. K£I DUA IKHtN Cilu Vt THAO UIAN 1. H l ^ ti?ng dit huy^n Nghia Himg t|l,B4iig 1: Hi«nji?ng sii dung dit . " * | ^ ^ J P i ! ! j J l |
Theo Phing T41 nguy«n Mfti truemg huyfc Nghia Hung (2010) 13] t/ing difn tich dit d; nWh c i a huy*n 14 25.444,06 ha, trong d6: Difn tich ili 'nftng nghlft) 14 16.664,87 ha; difn tich dit phi nong
nghifp 14 6.549,09 ha; difn tich dit chua su dungii 2.230,10 ha. Hifn trang dit nftng nghifp dugc Die hifn 6 b i n g l .
Bing 1 cho thiy Nghia Hung 14 huyfn thuii nftng, dit dai chii yfu sit dung df trSng liia nuoc (63,73%) v4 nufti tring thuy sin (15,7590 d i ^ tich ili nftng nghifp.
2. S i n h gii, phin hang thich hvp dit dai huyti Nghia Hung
a. Xiy dvng bin di don vj dit dai Do huyfn Nghia Hung 14 mft huyfn ven bi&, nfn cic chi Ufu v4 ph4n c i p c i c chi tifu dugc ta chon df x4y dyng bin dA don vj dit dai bao gom Don vi phu dit, do nhifm mJn, chf dft tuoi, chi do Ngudn: Phdng Tii nguyin Mil trudng huyin Ufu nuoc, dja hinh tuong d6i. Uiinh phin co gidi &
Nghia Hung (2010) [31 vi him luong chit hflu co cua dit (bing 2).
Bang 2. Cic chi tiSu phta cip x4y dvmg bin d i don vj dit dai huyfn Nghia Hung tinh Nam Djnh Mijc dich ait dvng
1. Dit sin xuit nSnn nghifD a. B i t trfng ctv hinx nim . Dit tr6nK Ilia t Dit chuySn trJnu Ua nu*c + Dit trinK Ilia nu6c c6n lai
• DiltrinKcavhaniinamWiSc b. Dit u^nK cfly lftu nftm 2. Ditlftmnehlfp Dit rixan ph6nK hQ 3. Dit nu6i U^njt thuy sin a. Dit nufli tr6ng Uiiiy sin nu6c lo, mdn
b. Dat nu6i tr^nK thuv sin nu6c nggt 4. Dit lam mu6i
5. Dat nong nghidp khic
DlfSlch'l (hd 16664,87
1223630 11162,79 10729,17 10619J5
vsa
433;62 107351 1671,50 16715 2S2457 162331 1000,86 5257 79,43'ISp.'^ 1 lOOJX)
laa em eoi
63,73 056 2,60 6,44 10,03 lOfB 15,75 9,74 6.01 052 0,48
Chi tieu
Don vi phu dat
Dp nhifim
mftn
Che dp tudi Chfi' dp
tifiu
Phftn c^p chi tifiu 1. Dat cat dien hinh, bao hoa b a g a (ARh-e)
2. Dat mftn (sii, v?t...) thuang xuyfin, ngftp nuoc (FLS-gl) 3. Dat mftn nhifiu. glfty sftu (FLSh-g2)
4. Dat mftn trung binh va it glfty sftu (FLSm-g2)
5. Dat phii sa trung tinh it chua, c a gidi trung binh vft nftng, k h d n g glfty (FLe-si) 6. Dat phii sa trung tinh it chua cd tAng glfty sftu (FLe-g)
7. Dat phii sa trung tinh, it chua nhi^m mftn (FLe-s) 8. Dat phii sa trung tinh it chua c a gidi n h ? (FLe-a)
Ky hifiu Gl G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 9. Dftt phii sa cd tang dom gi, bi giay sau (FLb-g) 1 G9 10. Dat phii sa cd tAng ddm gi, c a giai nh^ (FLb-a) ' GlO 1. Mftn nhifiu
2. Mftn 3. Mftn trung binh 4. Man it 1. Tudi chu ddng 2. Tudi bftn chu ddng 3. Tudi khd khftn 4. Tudi rat khd khftn 1. Tieu chu ddng 2. Tifiu ban chu d d n g
XI X2 X3 X4 11 12 13 14 DRL.
_UB2_
52 N O N G NGHlfP V A PHATTf " V * ' ^ v - -/201
KHOA MPC C 6 N 0 NOHt
hinh tuong
Thanh phan CO
gioi Chit hiru CO
3. Tifu khft khan 4. Tifu r i t khft khan 1. Cao
3. Thip 4. Trung l . C i t 2.Th|tnh?
3. Thjt trung binh 4. Tbjt njing l.Cao 2. Trung binh 3. Thip
Tii moi chi ueu phSn c i p duoc lua chpn. xay dung thinh mftt b i n dft chuyftn df t^ If 1:25.000.
Chftng x^p cac ban dft chuyfn d^ bang phin mfm ArcGIS df x4y dung bin dd don vj d i t dai ty If 1:25.000. Ket qua chftng xfp cho thiy viing dit nghifn Cliu cft 77 don vj b i n dft d i t dai khic nhau.
Don vi bin dft dit dai sd 40 cft difn Uch Ion nhit (4.174,11 ha), don v\ ban do dat dai so 50 cft difn tich nho nhat (3,54 ha).
DR3 DR4
E4
0M2 0M3 b. Phan hang Uiich hop dat dai cho cic loai hinh sir dung dai nong nghiep phd bien cua huyin Nghia Hung
Kft qua phan hang Uiich hop dat dai cho cac LUT nftng nghifp pho bifn cua huyfn Nghia Hung ttif hifn o bang 3 chi ra ring: Difn Uch dat ttiich hop trong 2 vu liia/nam ft' miic SI chifm dfn 45,35% dien Uch. Dat nay chii yfu 14 dat nhifm man it hoac man Uung binh, dia hinh thip hoac vin; tuoi v i Ueu nuoc tftt. Dat khftng thich hop 14 dat man nhifu.
Bing 3. Difn tich dit Uieo han LUT
I. LUT 2 Ilia Dien Uch (ha) Tile(%) 11. Liia die san Dien Uch (ha) TilS(*) III. 2 Ilia 1 mau Dien tich (ha) Tl le (%) IV. 2 miu 1 lua Dien tich (ha) Ti 16 (%) V. Chuyen miu Difn Uch (ha) Ti 16 (%)
VI. 1 Ilia 1 thiiy sin ngot Difn tich (ha) Til6(X)
VIL 1 Ilia 1 thiiy san lo Difn Uch (ha) Tilf (%)
gthichhopciia cic LUT phft bifn ciia huyf n Nghia Himg Hang thich hop
SI 8620,05
45,35 9075,98
47,75 7477,85
39,34 2998,09
15,77 951,54 5,01 9095,82
47,85 7052,10
37,10 S2 3425,61
18,02 3282,36
17,27 4571,61
24,05 8055,11
42.38 9126,69
48,02 3381,57
17,79 3592,47
18,90 S3 2511,92
13,22 2596,24
13,66 6323,75
33,27 6074,38
31.96 6766,65
35,60 2477,19
13,03 2872,59
15,11 N 4449.81
23,41 4052.81
21,32 634,18
3,34 1879,81
9,89 2162,51
11,38 4052,81
21,32 5490,23
28,88
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2012
KHOA HpC C 6 N 0 N O I
Vlll. Chuyfn thiiy sin ngpt Difn tich (ha) Tilf (*)
K. Chuyfn Uiiiy sin lo Difn Uch (ha) Tilf (*)
X. Chuyfn thiiy sin man Difn Uch (ha) Tilf 00
l(K)29,9(i
6669,91 35,09 897,02 4,72
3520,05 18,52 3878,.38
20,40 4432,58
23,32
1404,57 7,39 2968,87
1.5.62 157,32 0,83
4052,81 21,32 5490,23
28,88 13520,47
71.13 Difn Uch dit ttiich hop LUT liia dac sin A miic
SI chifm dfn 47,75%. Dit niy chu yfu Uiufc don vi phu dit phii sa Uung Unh it chua nhifm man (FLe-s), dia hinh thip hoac vin, tufti v4 Ufu nudc tftt. Dit khong thich hop 14 dit man nhifu v4 don v| phy dit cit difn hinh, bao hfta ba ta (ARh-e).
Difn tich dit Uiich hop LUT 2 vv Ilia v4 1 vy miu o miic SI chifm 39,34% v4 phin bd chii yfu 6 don vj dat phii sa Uung tinh it chua, th4nh phin co gifti Uijt tiling binh, dia hinh vin hoac ttiip, thoit nuftc tftt Dat khftng Uiich hop 14 dit man nhifu, dja hinh triing, bi ngip ling hoac dit cit.
Difn tich dit Uiich hop cila LUT 2 vu miu v4 1 vu Ilia ft nuic SI chi chifm 15,77%. Dat nay chu yfu Ii cac dit co thinh phan co gioi nh?, dia hinh vin hoac cao, tiftu Uioit nuoc tot. Dat khftng Uiich hop Ii dit bi nhifm man nhifu, dja hinh trung vi bj ngip ling.
Difn Uch dat Uiich hop cho LUT chuyfn mau ft miic SI chi chifm 5,01%, chu yfu li dat cft Uiinh phan CO gioi nhe, dia hinh vin hoac cao, tiftu ttioit nuoc vi chf do tuoi chu dftng, khftng man hoac man it. Dit khftng thich hop 14 dat b) nhifm man nhifu, dia hinh triing vi bj ngip ling.
Difn tich dat Uiich hop LUT 1 vu liia vi 1 vu Uliiy san nuftc ngpt o miic SI chifm dfn 47,85%, phin bft o cic dat man it vi man trung binh, tiroi chii dpng, dja hinh ttiip hoac v4n. Dit khftng Uiich hpp 14 dit bj nhifm man nhifu.
Difn tich dit Uiich hpp ciia LUT 1 vu lua vi 1 vy Uiiiy san nuftc Ip 6 miic SI chifm 37,10%, chOi yfu Uiuftc vung man hoac man tiling binh, tiroi chu dpng, dia hinh Uiap hpac vin. Dat khftng Uiich hpp 14 dit nhifm min nhifu hpac man it, tijoi khflng chu dfng vi dia hinh cao.
Difn tich dat ttiich hpp cua LUT chuyfn Uiiiy sin nuftc ngot o miic SI chifm dfn 52,77%, ph4n bo nhifu trfn cic dit man it hojc man Uung binh, cung 54
cip nuftc hifti chli dOng, dia hinh ttiip hojc tiiin{
Dit khftng thich hpp l i viing bj nhifm man nhifu.
Difn tich dit thich hpp LUT chuyfn nufti tMng thiiy sin nuftc Ip b miic SI chifm 35,09%, phin bo trfn dit man ho^c man trung binh, chu dftng nuoc tufti, dja hinh thip hoac trOng. Dit khftng ttiich htip li dit man it, tufti khftng chu dftng vi dja hinh cao.
Difn Uch dit thich hop cua LUT chuyfn nuoi uftng Uiiiy sin man 6r miic SI chi chifm 4,72%, Ihujc dit man nhifu hoac man, cung cip nuoc tuoi chu dftng, dja hinh t h i p ho^c triing. Dit khftng ttu'ch hgp li viing man it, tufti khftng chu dpng v i dia hinh cao.
c. Hliu qui cac loai binh sii dung dit ndng nghiip phd biin theo quan dtim sii dvng dat bk
vung huyin N^'a Hung, tinhNamDinh '- Hiiu qua kinh ti
Hlfu q u i kinh tf ciia cac LUT nong nghifp pho bifn cQa huyfn Nghia Hung ttif hifn o bing 4 chi B ring: Trtn Kmg don v) dit khic nhau, cic LUT khac nhau ttli CO su khic nhau vf hifu q u i kinh tf. Cu the 14:
Dom vj dit FLe: LUT chuyfn miu (V) cil hifu q u i kinh tf cao nhit, Ioi nhuSn (Pr) dat 92.033.330 dftng/ha/nam, g i i uj ngiy cftng dat 175.990 ddng/cftng. Hifn tai, nufti uftng Uiuy san nuftc ngpt ngpt (VIU) hiu hft 14 nuoi quang canh nftn lpi nhuin rit ttiip (chi dat 9.430.000 ddng/ha/nam), hiy nhien nfu duoc dau tu nufti theo htnh thiic tham canh hoac ban thim canh thi cft tif m nang thu duoc loi nh"'"
cao hon nhifu so vfti trftng liia.
- Don vi dit FLb: LUT chuyfn miu cft hieu qui kinh tf cao nhat, lpi nhuin dat 64.820.OT dong/ha/nam, g i i Ui ngiy cftng dat 153.7!*
dong/ngiy. LUT 2 liia (I) cft hifu qua kmh tf lii"P nhit, lpi nhuin chi dat 7.874.000 dftng/ha/nSm,»*
Ui ngay cftng Ii 114.430 d6ng/cftng. I
NONG NGHllP VA PHAT TR i r u k i A h i / ^ T u A h i _ ^f\^ i TU A Mi-"! O /2012
KHOA HQC C O N O NCHt
- D o n vi d i t F L S m : L U T nufti u d n g Uiiiy s i n nuftc m a n (X) cft h i f u q u i k i n h t f c a o n h i t , Ipi n h u a n dat 96.360.000 d d n g / h a / n a m , g i i tti n g i y cftng d a t 212.670 d d n g / n g i y . L U T 2 liia cft h i f u q u i k i n h t f ttiip n h i t , n f u t i n h cftng l a o dftng g i a d i n h n h u mftt k h o a n c h i p h i t h i ngufti sijt d y n g d i t b j Id 1.035.000 d f t n g / h a / n a m , g i i ttj n g i y cftng 14 114.430 dong/cftng.
- D o n vj d i t F L S h : L U T nufti trftng Uidy s i n nuftc m J n cft h i f u q u i k i n h tf c a o h o n L U T nufti u d n g Uiuy s i n nuftc I p ( K ) . L U T nufti u d n g Uliiy s i n nuftc m a n d ? t lpi n h u a n 91.830.000 d d n g / h a / n a m , g i i tii n g i y cftng d a t 215.000 dftng/cftng. L U T nufti ttftng Uliiy s i n n u d c Ip d a t lpi n h u a n 64.560.000 d d n g / h a / n a m , g i i trj n g i y cftng d a t 172.400 d d n g / c f t n g .
B i n g D o n vj d i t
FLe
FLb
F L S m
FLSh
4: H i f u q u i LUT
I 11 111
rv
V VlIII 111 V
I II V VI VII DC X K X
k i n h t f ciia c i
GO 90710 95050 174299.67
200112 242461,00
187370 83110 168830,00 214748,40 71240 80793 173765,33
208,7 208,15 575560 486020 480080 441770
c L U T nftng Chi tifu d i n !
VA 71EI8 73259 144199,33
168528 214965,00
66700 62144 138252,50 185332,20 5 « 1 5 63005 150729,67
78,3 81,3 224180 203770 210100 187720
n g h i f p p h d bifn Clia h u y f n N g h i a H u n g g i i h i f u q u i k i n h tf ( n g h i n dftng)
MI 70218 75259 144199,33
168E28 214965,00
55700 62444 138252,50 185332,20 51015 63005 150729,67
65,7 69,6 208100 189300 194100 174280
Pr 13658 16969 47022,67
69668 92033,33
9430 7874 40527,50 64820,20 -1035
7155 34256,33
-9,1 9,75 84400 96360 64560 91830
R 17,73 21,73 37,33 53,41 62,01 6,00 10,47 31,53 43,19 -1,43 9,72 24,62 -4,2 3,35 19,70 20,87 14,86 23,64
124,15 130,15 149,13 170,47 175,99 116,33 114,43 141,40 153,79 98,12 112,81 129,49 90 112,5 206,80 212,67 172,40 215,00 Ngudn: Tdng hop tii kdt qua didu tra 170 ndng hd huydn Nghia Hung
> Hidu qui xS hdi
• Dam bao an ninh luang thuc
' Theo Tong eye Th6ng kfi (2008) miic tifiu dung ' gao/ngudi/thang cua vung ddng bSng sdng Hdng la ' 11,4 kg, quy ra thdc k h o ^ g 19 kg.
Theo Cue Thdng kfi tinh Nam Djnh (2010) [2], 't6ng san lugng luong thuc cd hat nSm 2009 ciia (huyfin Nghia Hung la 136.8221^, trong dd san luong Ilia la 134558 thi (chi^m 98,35%). D ^ sd cua huyfin nam 2009 1^ 178.343 ngudi. N^u tinh theo muc tifiu dimg chung cua dong bang sdng Hong thi huyfin ' Nghia Hung chi cki 40.662 tan thdc \k da dam bao
duoc an ninh luong thuc cho dia phuong.
, Nhu viy, ngoai dam bao an ninh luong thuc cho ngudi dan dia phuang, huyfin Nghia Hung cdn san xuat Itia hang hda va phuc vu chSn nudi.
Thu hut lao ddng: Theo Cue Thong kfi tinh Nam Dinh (2010) [2] lao dong trong Unh vuc san xuat ndng nghifip, lam nghifip, thiiy san thu hiit mdt luc lugng lao dpng ldn, chi^m den 66,64% tdng sd lao ddng cd trfin dia ban huyfin.
K^t qua di^u tra 170 ndng hd cho thay, nguyfin vpng cua ndng hd cd xu huang chuyen doi: Tir LUT I sang cac LUT a H H VI, IV); LUT II chuyen sang LUT III; LUT III chuyen sang LUT IV; LUT VI chuygn sang LUT VIII; LUT VII chuyen sang LUT K.
Ly do mong mudn duoc chuyin ddi chu yeu la trdng Ilia mang lai hifiu qua kinh t l th^p han trong ckc loai cay mau va nudi trdng thiiy san.
- Xda doi giam ngheo: Kit qua dieu tra ndng hd cho thay thu nhap tir san xuat ndng nghidp, thiiy san chilm khoang 70% tong sd thu nhap hang nSm ciia
: N C N G NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 • THANG 9/2012
55
KHOA HQC
«**1P*
ndng ho, chiing tft Nghia Hung l i huyfn Uiuin nftng, ngufti din phii sdng dya vio nfing nghifp l i chQ y<!u.
> Hiiu qui mdl trudng
Nghifn Cliu 29 mft hinh Uiyc nghifm, d?l difn cho cic LUT phd bifn cua huyfn Nghia Hung, kft hpp ttieo dfti, liy miu dit vi nuftc vi phin tich ti-ong phftng ttli nghifm (3 vy: miia mua v4 miia khft 2009, miia mua 2010). Kft qui phin tich cho Uiiy;
- Cic LUT III, IV cft tic dyng cii tao dit rft rft, dac bift nfu udng cay hp dau, nim vip vy miu, him lupng d?m, lin vi kali dfu cao hon hin cic LUT khic.
- Dp man ciia dit LUT V cft gii ttj cac hon dit ciia cic LUT I, II vi III do mudi man tii dufti bdc lfn bf mat vi khftng duoc nia man. Cic LUT I, II, 111 canh tic Uong difu kifn dit ngip nuftrc ngot nfn dft man Clia dit l i t it ttiay dfti.
- Mot sd miu nuftc ciia cic LUT K, X da hifu hifn bi ft nhifm (DO Uiip, him luong Cu vi BOD5 vuot nguftng cho phfp); nhtmg miu niy chu yfu dupc nufti theo hinh thiic thim canh cao nhung khftng tuin thii quy trinh nao vft ao dim v4 quin ly thiic an, thay thio nuoc, din dfn ao nufti cft rong, tao xuit hifn; nuftc cft miu xanh, tham tri cd miii thfti rtra hoc Iftn mat ao.
3. Df xuit sir dyng dit
Bing 5: Difn tich cic loai hinh sir dit nfing nghifp dupc df xuit cho huyfn Nghia Hung
LUT
1 II III IV V VI VII VIII K X Chuyfn udng su, vet; hoac
trong sii, vet kft hpp vol nufti ngao, vang tu nhifn Chuyen ttftng phi lao, hoac
ttdng phi lao kft hpp vfti ttftng ciy lay cu
Difn Uch (ha)
661,88 664,90 7435,64 1079,38 1999,25 385,65 363,04 1160,08 1025,89 1403,28 1433,47
1394,91 So vfti tdng difn tich dupc df xuit
3,48 3,50 39,12
5,68 10,52 2,03 1,91 6,10 5,40 7,38 7,54
7,34
Nghia Hung l i huyfn ven bifn nftn rit nh?y cini vftri ttilfn tai, xftl lft bftt bifn, x4m n h i p man. Vi vjy, don v\ phy d i t c i t difn hinh b i o hfta ba zo (AKIxJ dupc df xuit trdngTihl lao phbng hft, hojc Udng pii lao vi kft hop trdng mdt sd c4y ttdng liy cu (khoai lang, cil ai...). Don v| phy dit man sii, v?t, ttiutag xuyfn ngip nuftc (FLSgl) dupc ttdng rimg ng^
mJn; hoac ttdng rimg ngip man kft hpp vfti nuSi ngaft, vang ty nhifn.
1. Dit dai huyfn Nghia Hung l i t Uuch hop cho ttdng Ilia nuftc vi nufti ttdng ttiily sin. Ti If difn tidi dit ttiich hpp * miic SI ciia cic LUT phd bifn: 2 lila, Ilia dac sin, 2 lua 1 miu, 1 liia 2 m4u, chuyfn miu, 1 Ilia 1 thdy sin nudc ngpt, 1 Ilia 1 ttiiiy s4n nuoc If, chuyftn Uiuy sin nuAc ngpt, chuyfn ttiuy sin nuiScl?
v i chuyfn thdy sin nudc man so vfti tdng difn tidi dinh gii, Uiong ling d?t 45,35%, 47,75», 3 9 » 15,77%, 5,01%, 47,85%, 37,10%, 52,77%, 35,09% vi 4,721 2. Hifu qui cic LUT nftng nghifp phd bifn cua huyfn Nghia Hung:
> Hifu qui kinh tf ciia cic LUT xfp flieo thli ty til cao xudng thip ttfn cic don vi dit:
- Don vi dit FLe: V, IV, III, II, \. VIU.
- n o n v i d i t F L b : V , I I l , L
- Don vi dit FSm: X, DC, V, II, VII, L VI.
- Don vi d i t FLSh: X, DC.
> Hifu qui xa hfti: Ngoii dim bio an nmh luong ttiyc cho ngufti d4n dja phuong, huyfn Nghia Hung con sin xuit lua h i n g hfta v4 phyc vu chan nufti. Lao dftng ndng, lam nghifp v i thuy sin chi6ii dfn 66,64% tdng sd lao dftng cd ttfn dia bin huy^
Thu nhip Ur s i n xuit nong nghifp v4 Uiiy sin chiin dfn 70% tdng sd thu nhap ciia nftng hp.
> Hifu q u i mfti tiTiong: LUT I, II, IH, W bfn vimg vf mfti tniong; dac bift ttdng nim va cay hp dau cft tic dyng cii tao d i t rft r f t Cic LUT K, X da hifu hifn ft nhifm ngudn nuoc (DO thip, ham lupng Cu v i BOD5 vupt nguOng chp phep).
3. Df xuit su dyng dat
LUT III cft difn tich df xuit sii dung nhifu nhft chifm 39,12% tdng difn Uch nghifn ciiu. Sau do A LUT chuyftn miu, chifm 10,52%. Hai don vi phu J*
ARh-e v4 FLS-gl dupc df xuat v4o muc dich ti^nS rimg phftng hO 14 chinh.
56 NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TR:!« ••^^^^^TM^•.l - 'fv L" '"'-"~. "/MU
KHOA HOC C 6 M 0 HOHt
T«l«l11iMIKHiO 3. Phftng T i i nguyfn v i Mfti ttuftng huyfn 1. Bft Nftng nghifp Phit ttifn Nftng ttiftn, 2009. Nghia Hung, 2010. Bio cio him ki dit dii aim Cam nang su dvng dit ndng nghiip - Vtp 2: Phin ^^^' Nghia Hung.
hang dinh gii dit dai. NXB Khoa hpc v i Ky ttiuat, 4. FAO-UNESCO, 1990. Soil map ot the worM Hi Nfti, tt. 134-135. Rpme.
2. Cyc Thftng kf tinh Nam Djnh, 2010. Niin 5. Saaty T. L , 1996. The Analytic Hierarchy giim Thdng ki huyin Nghia Hung nim 2009, iif^a Process. RWS PubUcaUon, Pittsburgh, New York,
Hung. N.Y.,McGrawHm.
LAND SUrTABILmr EVALUATION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN NGHIA HUNG DISTRICT, NAM DINH PROVINCE
Pham Till Phin, Nguyen Huu Tlianh Summaiy
Nghia Hung is a coastal district of Nam Dinh province, with total natural area is 25,444.06 ha and agncultural area is 16,664.87 ha. The land of Nghia Hung is very suitable for rice, cash crop cultivation, and aquaculture. The ratio of suitable land area at SI level of common LUTs; 2 rice (1), special rice OD, 2 rice -1 cash crop (III), 1 rice - 2 cash crop (IV), cash crop (V), 1 rice - 1 fresh water aquaculture (VI), 1 rice - 1 brackish water aquaculture (VII), fresh water aquaculture (VIII), brackish water aquaculture (DO, and salt water aquaculture (X) to Uie total land area is 45.35)1,47.75)1, 39.34)1,15.77%, 5.01)1, 47.85%, 3710%, 52.77%, 35.09)6. and 4.72% respectively. The effect of common agricultural LUTs of Nghia Hung district for economic effect TVpical LUTs having high economic effect are: X K, V. LUTs having low economic effect are: 1, II, VI For social effect Beside ensure food security, farmers in Nghia Hung also produce rice for trading and serving hvestocks. Labours in agricultural, silvicultural and aquacultural sectors account for 66.64)6 of total labours of the district Income from agricultural and aquacultural production account for 70%
of total household income. Environmental effect: LUTs I, II, III, and IV is sustamable in environmental aspect LUTs IX, X have signs of water pollution.
Keywords: Land valuation, agriculture, use of land.
Ngufti phan bifm TS. BiU Huy Hifn Ngiy nhan bii: 8/5/2012 Ngiy Ulftng qua phin bifn: 30/8/2012 Ngiy duyft dang: 7/9/2012
N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON • KV' 1 - THANG 9/2012 ^ '
