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Nen kinh ta ViOt Nam phuc hdi co ben vimgP
^^hlOANG_yAN PU
Da't nude ta thuc hien ke' hoach phat triin kinh te' - xa hoi nam 2010 trong bdi canh kinh te'the'gidi viia ra khoi giai doan kho khan nhat ciia cuoc khung hoang tai chinh va suy thoai, budc dau phuc h6i, nhimg v i n tilm I n nhiiu kho khan, thach thiic.
1. N h u n g n h a n d i n h v l s u p h u c h 6 i n i n k i n h te V N t r o n g n a m 2010.
Chieu 14.10, Tdng Bi t h u Ndng Diic Manh da phat bieu tai Hdi nghi l i n thii 13 Ban C h i p hanh Trung uong Dang (khoa X): "Hdi nghi Trung ucmg cho rang: N a m 2010, nen kinh te da cd budc phuc hdi kha nhanh, tdc dd tang trudng quy sau cao hon quy trudc, dang lay lai dugc da tang trudng trong nhieu nganh, nhieu linh vue. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhiing k i t qua dat dugc, trong n a m 2010 cdn n h i i u mat han che, y l u kem can phai khac phuc. Dd la:
Co cau kinh te chuyen dich cham. San x u i t cdng nghiep gia tri gia tang t h i p , cdng nghiep p h u trg phat trien cham, hieu qua hoat ddng ciia mdt sd tap doan cdn thap so vdi muc tieu de ra, trong dd ed trudng hgp vi p h a m nghiem trgng cac chinh sach va quy c h i quan ly tai chinh, d i n d i n thua Id va gay ra nhiing hau qua nang ne; hieu qua d a u tu thap; dau tu cua ngan sach cho khu vue ndng nghiep, ndng thdn chua tuong xiing vdi yeu cau d l ra. Co sd ha tang yeu kem, nhat la giao thdng, eung ling dien khdng bao dam. Hieu qua cac giai phap giam nhap sieu cdn h a n che. Nhieu hang hoa Viet N a m van chua canh tranh dugc vdi hang nhap khiu. Mdt sd van ban p h a p luat ban hanh chua kip thdi va thilu ddng bd...".
Trong khi dd, nhan dinh eua Ngan hang The gidi (WB) cdng bd sang 19/10: "Kinh t l Viet N a m phuc hdi nhanh n h u n g chua ddng d e u " va khuyen nghi: "Nhiing nd luc d u a ra dgng luc thiic day mdi cho eai each dudng n h u phai dugc can nhac. Dau tu dang phuc hdi m a n h me, n h u n g su trd lai a i a cac ngudn vdn ldn ciing di ciing siic ep lam phat va tang gia tai san, tao ra mdt thach thiic chinh sach va nii ro ddi vdi dn dinh vi md. Tham h u t tai khoan vang lai van d miic cao va cac hd gia dinh cung n h u cac cdng ty dudng n h u v a n tilp tuc trii vang va ngoai te, gay ap luc Uen tuc cho ddng ndi te. Su m d rdng qua nhanh ciia tin d u n g trong nude n h a m kich thich nen kinh te da d i n d i n s u y l u kem trong can
ddi tai san ciia m d t sd ngan hang. Dac biet, da ndi len mdt sd v i n de vi md d e dga tinh ben v u n g ciia su phuc hdi kinh t l trong n a m 2010, cu t h i la nguy ca tai lam phat, siic ep giam gia tien d d n g va tinh trang tham h u t can can thanh toan..."
Ndi chung, d i l m sang ndi b a t ciia n e n kinh te Viet N a m trong n a m 2010 la tang trudng ciia n i n kinh te d a n g d u g c p h u c hdi trong bdi canh b i p benh ciia tang t r u d n g kinh te toan c i u thdi ky hau khiing hoang. N h u n g m u c tieu tang trudng GDP 6,5% n a m 2010 da d u g c Qudc hdi thdng qua la hoan toan d a t dugc.
2. M o t s o t h a n h t u u v a h a n c h e c u a n i n k i n h te' V i e t N a m t r o n g n a m 2010
2.1. Mgt so thanh tuu
N a m 2010, Viet N a m da n g a n chan dugc suy giam, kinh t l p h u c hdi va tang t r u d n g kha cao.
Mac dii sau k h u n g h o a n g , kinh t l toan c i u phuc hdi cham, nhvmg kinh t l nude ta d a s d m ra khdi tinh h-ang suy giam va cd miic tang trudng kha cao. Cu the, trong 3 q u y Uen t i l p : q u y I tang 5,83%; quy II tang 6,4% va q u y UI tang 7,16% va tang tiirdng GDP ciia 9 t h a n g d a t 6,52% so vdi Cling ky n a m 2009. G D P ca n a m 2010 tang khoang 6,7%. Khu vuc n d n g nghiep tang 2,6%, cdng nghiep va xay d u n g tang 7,6%, dich v u tang 7,5%.
GDP binh quan d i u ngudi n a m 2010 d a t khoang 1.160 USD (tang tinidng GDP binh q u a n giai doan 5 n a m 2006 - 2010 dat khoang 7 % / n a m ) . Vd'n d i u hi phat ti-ien n a m 2010 ude tang 12,9% so vdi n a m 2009 va bang khoang 4 1 % GDP. K i t qua giai ngan vdn N h a nude kha cao va cd tiln bd trong d i l u hanh, d e n het thang 9, d a t khoang 70% va d u k i l n ca n a m se dat ke hoach.
N a m 2010, cd khoang 85 nghin d o a n h nghiep dan d o a n h dugc thanh lap mdi vdi sd vd'n d a n g k J khoang 500 nghin ty ddng; binh q u a n d a t g i n 6 t J d d n g / d o a n h nghiep, tang 125% so vdi n a m 2009 Ca n a m tao dugc khoang 1,6 trieu viec lam mdi- da dao tao nghe cho tren 1,7 trieu ngudi. C h u o n e
1 2 C6KC NCB!tP» Ky 1 (thang 1+2/2011) Website: www.tapchicongnghiep,
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trinh dao tao nghi cho lao ddng ndng thdn dugc tich cue triin khai, rieng dao tao nghi cho ndng dan la 430 nghin ngudi. Du kiln din cudi nam 2010, ty le lao ddng qua dao tao dat khoang 40%.
Chinh WB thiia nhan (thang 10/2010), tang hnidng kinh t l Viet Nam nam 2010 ed kha nang dat 6,5% nhu du kiln. Day van dugc xem la tang trudng d miic cao khi V ^ da du doan rang, tdc do tang trudng ciia kinh t l thi gidi nam 2010 du kien dat 3,5% va nam 2011 dat 3,3%. Mirc tang trudng nay ciing bat kip vdi miic tang trudng 6,7% ciia khu vuc Ddng A-Thai Binh Duong (khdng tinh Trung Qudc). Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua da tao thuan lgi cho viec thanh lap doanh nghiep bang each ap dung ca che mdt ciia, ket hgp thii tuc chiing nhan dang ky kinh doanh vdi dang ky ma sd thul va bd quy dinh xin phep khac con dau, Ngoai ra, viec giam ty le 50% phi trudc ba ddi vdi nha va cip phep xay dung cung de dang hon. He thdng thdng tin tin dung ciing dugc cai thien khi ngudi di vay dugc phep kiem tra bao cao tin dung va sua cac thdng tin sai lech.
2.2. Mgt so han che
Ben canh nhiing thanh tuu da dat dugc, tinh hinh kinh te - xa hdi nude ta trong nam qua cdn nhung han che, ylu kem sau day:
Nang suat, chat lugng, siic canh tranh ciia nen kinh te cdn thap; ca cau kinh te chuyen dich cham.
Cdng nghiep hd trg kem phat trien, gia tri gia tang ciia san phim thap. Khu viic doanh nghiep nha nude giu mdt phin ldn vdn, tai san, dit dai, tai nguyen qudc gia, nhung hieu qua d i u tu va tang trudng chua tuong xiing; cd p h i n hoa va ddi mdi doanh nghiep nha nude cdn cham; quan ly nha nude va thuc hien quyln chii sd hihi ddi vdi doanh nghiep nha nude cdn nhiiu bit cap.
The ehl kinh te thi trudng chua ddng bd, nhit la su phdi hgp giiia chinh sach tai chinh va chinh sach tien te. Viec xii Iy mdi quan he giua dn dinh kinh tl vi md va tang trudng chua that hgp ly, tdc do tang trudng tuy dat kha cao nhung lai lam nay sinh nhiing khd khan mdi cho dn duih kinh t l vi mp.
The che, chinh sach cdn thilu ddng bd, vua lam han ehl hieu qua quan ly, viia d l phat sinh tieu cue, tham nhung; ky luat, ky cucmg chua nghiem. Viec phan cip manh q u ^ ly nha nude trong khi chua cd quy hoach phu hgp, thilu kiem b-a, giam sat nen thuc hign cdn tuy tien, d i n din tinh hrang dau tu tning lap, phan tan, hieu qua thip, lang phi ngudn luc. Cdng tac thanh tra, kiem
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tra cdn chdng cheo, chat lugng thap. Mdt bd phan can bd, cdng chiic yeu kem ve nang lue, pham chat, lam dung quyen han, vi pham phap luat. Ket qua phdng chdng tham nhiing va thuc hanh tiet kiem cdn han che.
Cdng tac quan ly, dieu hanh va xii ly cac van de cu the ciia chiing ta cdn nhieu bat cap, Dau tu cdn dan trai, thieu tap trung vao eae trgng tam, trgng diem; nhieu du an dau tu trien khai cham, keo dai trong nhieu nam; vdn dau tu bi xe nhd hoac de thua Id, thit thoat nang n l (nhu d Tap doan Vinashin la mdt vi du). Cdng tac du bao, de xuit ciia mdt sd co quan tham muu, giiip viec cdn yeu kem va chua ngang tam vdi yeu cau
3. Mot so n g u y e n nhan ca ban de dat dugc nhtmg thanh tuu ke tren
Theo cae nha chuyen mdn thi nen kinh te the gidi va nin kinh te ciia nhung ddi tae thuong mai va dau tu chu ylu ciia Viet Nam da budc ra khdi thdi ky suy thoai. Dieu nay da giiip eho hoat dgng xuat khiu va dau tu ciia Viet Nam phuc hdi. Dieu phai ke din la cac bien phap kich thich kinh te da dugc Chinh phu triin khai tii trong nam 2009 da phat huy tac dung. Va nhiing nd luc dieu hanh kinh t l ciia Chinh phii trong nam 2010 da dua nen kinh te dat nude vugt qua nhieu bat dn va khd khan, dac biet do anh hudng nang ne ciia thien tai va bao Iii. Dac biet, tinh Unh hoat, sire chiu dung deo dai va nd luc vugt khd ciia cac thanh phan kinh te, dac biet la khu vuc kinh te tu nhan, nham dieu chinh boat ddng kinh doanh, tim kiem thi trudng mdi, tang cudng day manh xuat khau khi nen kinh te the gidi cd dau hieu phuc hdi. Chinh su khdi sac ciia cac doanh nghiep, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep vua va nhd, da giiip thi trudng lao ddng phuc hdi manh me trong nam 2010.
4. Nam 2011 n e n kinh te V N se gap nhiing trd luc gi?
Nam 2011 se la mdt nam hiia hen nhieu thanh cdng, nhung ciing cd khdng it thach thiic ma nen kinh te nude ta se ddi dien va phai vugt qua. Dae biet, nam 2011 la nam cd vai trd rat quan trgng trong giai doan phat trien sap tdi cua nen kinh t l Viet Nam. Bdi vi day la nam dau tien thirc hien ke hoach phat trien kinh te-xa hdi 5 nam mdi (2011-2015) va de thuc hien dugc thanh cdng ke hoach nay cin cd mot tu duy tang trudng mdi:
Tang trudng diia tren ca sd mgt mdi trudng kinh t l thuan lgi (ca vi md va vi md), trong do cac ngudn luc dugc phan bd mgt each hgp ly, dugc (Xem tiep trang 19)
Ky 1 (thang 1+2/2011) «CtNCNCHltP 1 3
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PV: Co the noi, viec xiy dung chuang trinh phat trien dien hat nhin dnudc ta da cd nhiing budc di khi ro ring, cu the. Xin ong cho biet, nhiing cong viic quan trgng nhit cin phii chuan bi cho viec xiy dung nhi may so' 1 va so 2 va hien trang cong viic chuan bi do den nay da trien khai nhu the nao?
PGS. TS. V u a n g Hiru Tan: D l t r i i n khai d u an dien hat n h a n thi t i t ca cac y l u td can thiet ciia eg sd ha t i n g (19 van d l theo h u d n g d a n eua IAEA) c i n phai dugc chuan bi day dii va dat dugc cac yeu c i u eu the d tiing mdc thdi gian trong Id trinh xay dung nha may dien hat nhan. Do dd, khdng the ndi cai nao quan trgng h o n cai nao, ma bat budc mgi thii deu phai d trang thai san sang vdi eae yeu c i u cu the. Chinh phii da p h a n d u an dien hat nhan Ninh thuan thanh m d t sd d u an thanh p h i n de phan cdng trach nhiem eho cac chii the khac nhau chiu trach nhiem, eu the la:
- Chii d i u tu: Td chiic thuc hien d u an vdi ddi tac nude ngoai bao g d m ca d a m p h a n ve tai chinh, xay d u n g co sd ha tang tai dia d i e m p h u c vu thi cdng, xay d u n g t r u n g tam t h d n g tin dai chiing tai dia p h u o n g , xay d u n g d u an d a o tao n h a n luc cho chii d i u tu.
- Dia phuang: Thuc hien d u an d e n bii giai phdng mat bang.
- Eg Cdng Thuang: Xay d u n g de an ndi dia hda de tang cudng su tham gia ciia cac n g a n h cdng nghiep trong nude thue hien d u an va d a u t u n a n g
cao n a n g luc cae n g a n h cdng nghiep nay de thuc hien m u c tieu tu chu v l c h i tao thilt bi, xay d u n g va lap dat cdng trinh nha may dien hat nhan.
Ngoai ra, Bg Cdng Thuong edn phai xay d u n g nang lue d l ed the thue hien cap p h e p van hanh nha may dien hat nhan.
- Bg KH&CN: Xay d u n g he thdng van ban quy p h a m p h a p luat ea trong nude va qudc te, cung n h u cac tieu c h u i n , quy c h u i n lien quan. Ddng thdi, xay d u n g n a n g luc de ed the thuc hien phe duyet thilt k l , dia d i l m va cap p h e p xay d u n g cdng trinh nha m a y dien hat nhan; n a n g lue thanh tra an toan cdng trinh nha m a y dien hat nhan;
n a n g lue hd trg ky thuat cho thuc hien d u an dien hat n h a n va tilp thu cdng n g h e dien hat n h a n dugc chuyen giao vao Viet N a m .
- Bd Giao due va Dao tao: Xay d u n g va td chiic thuc hien d l an dao tao p h a t trien n g u d n nhan luc trong Unh vuc n a n g lugng n g u y e n tii.
Day la mdt sd chii t h i chinh trong viec thuc hien d u an dien hat nhan. Hien tai, theo chi dao ciia Ban ehi dao nha nude d u an dien hat n h a n Ninh thuan, eae nhiem vu nay d a n g dugc trien khai, n h a m d a p iing lich trinh da dugc vach ra la n a m 2014 khdi cdng xay d u n g N h a m a y dien hat n h a n Ninh t h u a n 1 va td m a y d a u tien van h a n h phat dien t h u o n g mai n a m 2020.
PV: Xin cam an ong.
Thuy Hi (thuc hien)
Nen kinh ta Viet Nam phuc hOi co bin vihig?
(Tiep theo trang 13) sii d u n g m d t each hieu qua va t r g n g tam ciiatang trudng la c h i t lugng.
Nhiing nha chuyen m d n da d u a ra nhieu d u bao ve nhiing trd luc ddi vdi nhiem v u tang trudng kinh t l ciia Viet N a m trong n a m 2011. Sau day chiing ta cd t h i tham khao d nhiing diem sau:
- Nen kinh t l the gidi n a m 2011 van cdn tiem i n nhung riii ro eiia thdi ky h a u k h u n g hoang toan eau. Vua qua, Hdi nghi Bd trudng Tai chinh va Thdng ddc Ngan hang Trung u o n g G20 da n h a n dinh: "Kinh te toan c i u v a n giii dugc su phuc hdi, song tdc do phuc hdi trong niia cudi 2010 va n a m 2011 d u k i l n se cham h o n so vdi niia d i u 2010. Va d^ p h u c hdi kinh t l t h i gidi khdng b i n viing va khdng dn dinh. Riii ro suy giam tdc do tang trudng kinh t l v i n tdn tai d nhieu miic do khac n h a u tai cac qudc gia va khu vuc, ddi hdi phai tang cudng h g p tac de d u a ra nhiing chinh
sach cd phdi h g p n h a m m u c tieu tang trudng m a n h me, b i n viing va can bang".
- Kinh te Viet N a m v i n phai tiep tuc ddi m a t vdi vdi 3 chudng ngai ldn la v i n de ty gia, n h a p sieu va lam phat. Chiing ta phai khac p h u c nhiing
"nghich ly" vi md nhu: lam phat cao trong mdt the gidi lam p h a t thap hoac giam phat; lai suat tilt kiem va cho vay cao h a n g d a u the gidi, trong khi d eae trung tam kinh te the gidi lai suat d u d n g n h u bang khdng,.. Dudi gdc do nay, n h i i u hgc gia eho rang, trong bdi canh hien nay Viet N a m khdng nen dat muc tieu dat dugc eae con sd tang trudng bang mgi gia, ma can ehii trgng d e n viec tao ra nhirng can b a n g va dn dinh vi md.
- Chinh phii can giam d a u t u cdng, thay vao dd can tap trung vao viec n a n g cao hieu qua d i u tu, chdng t h i t thoat, lang phi va tao d i l u kien de d i u t u t u nhan p h a t trien m a n h trd l a i . / . <•
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Ky 1 (thang 1+2/2011) «C6NCNCBI£P 1 9
