TAP H i CdNC THIfdNG
NGHIEN Cl/U CAC YEU TO VAN HOA DOANH NGHIEP TAC DQNG DEN St GAN KET CUA N H A N VIEN TAI CAC DOANH NGHIEP KI> H DOANH DICH VU LUU TRU TAI THANH PHO H 6 CHI MINH
BUITROK'' TIEN BAO
TOM TAT:
Do lifdng va danh gia mttc dp tac dpng cua eac ye'u to' van hda doanh nghiep gdm- Van hoa hdp tac (Collaborate - clan culture). Van hda sang tao (Create - Adhocracy " Culture) Van hoa c^nh tranh (Compete - Market" Culture), Van hda kidm soat (Control - Hierarchy" Culture) tac dpng den stt hai long, stt g^n ke^ eua nhan vien dang lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh djch vy luji tru tai Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Nghien cttu da tie'n hanh khao sat nhan vien v-f cac yeu to anh httdng den sif gan ke't eua hp tai doanh nghiep hien nay. Nghien cttu vd cd ban da kham pha cae yeu to van hda doanh nghiep tac ddng de'n stt gin ke't
^ Tuf khoa: Van hda hdp tac, van hda sang tao, van hda canh tranh, van hda iJe'm soat, stt hai long, sif gan ket, doanh nghiep.
1. Ly do nghien ctfu
Trong bd'i canh thi tru'dng dich vu luXi tru tai Thanh phd' Hd Chi Minh canh tranh ngay cang gay gat. Cae doanh nghiep ddi hdi phai gitt chan dttdc dpi ngu nhan vien cua minh nh^m nang cao chat lu'dng dich vu tao stt hai long cho khach khi ltfu tru tai doanh nghiep. Do dd, doanh nghiep can hieu rd nhan vien cua minh va lifa chon md hinh van hda doanh nghiep tao stt hai long va nang cao stt g^n ke't cho nhan vien. Ngoai ra doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu luM tru tuye'n dung lye lifdng nhan stt khac nhau vd trinh do chuyen mdn, trinh dp van hda, mttc dd nhan thttc quan he xa hdi, vung miln dia ly,... Chinh stt khac
biet nay tao ra mdt mdi trttdng lam viec da dang- va phttc tap tai doanh nghiep. Doanh nghiep can hieu rd hdn md'i quan he gitta van hda cong ty va sif gan ke't vdi td chttc cua nhan vien, ttt do co the dinh httdng xay dttng van hda doanh nghiep dac trttng nham tao ra rapt mdi trttdng lam viec giup giup nhan vien cam tha'y an tam gan ket vdi doanh nghiep va ddng gdp vao stt phat trien cua doanhnghiep. Lam the nao de doanh nghiep phat buy mpi ngudn life con ngttdi, lam gia tang chat Ittdng dpi ngu nhan life cua minh, gdp phan vao nang cap nang life canh tranh cua doanh nghiep?
De tra ldi eau hdi tren, tac gia "Nghien cu'u cac ye'u to' van hda doanh nghiep tac ddng den sif gan
QUAN TR! - QUAN LY
ket cua nhan vien tai eac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu Ittu tru tai Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh" de doanh nghiep xay dttng chie'n Ittdc tao dttng net van hda doanh nghiep dac thu va gia tang sif gan ke't eua nhan vien.
2. Cd sd ly thuye't va mo hinh nghien cufu 2.1. Ca sd ly thuyet
Van hda doanh nghiep cd the dttdc rad ta nhtt ' mot tap hdp chung cac niem tin, thdng le, he thd'ng 'gia tri, quy chuan hanh vi ttng xtt va each kinh doanh rieng cua tttng doanh nghiep, nhttng mat tren se quy dinh rad hinh boat dpng rieng cua cdng ty va cae ttng xtt cua eac thanh vien trong td chttc (Ha Nam Khanb Giao va ctg, 2017).
Theo Dang Van Tien va ctg (2014), nhttng thanh cdng eua doanh nghiep ed ben vttng hay khong la nhd vao nen van hda doanh nghiep rat dac trttng eua rainh. Ben canh vd'n, chie'n Ittdc kinh doanh thi sttc manh eua van hda doanh nghiep da bam sau vao trong tttng nhan vien, lara nen stt khac biet gitta doanh nghiep vdi dd'i thu canh tranh. Van hda doanh nghiep da tao nen rapt gia tri vd hinh, cd tam anh httdng quan trpng de'n tttdng lai cua doanh nghiep. Dd Thuy Lan Httdng (2008) nhan dinh, cae gia tri van hda tich cttc phan anh rapt hinh anh td't dep cua doanh nghiep va mdi trttdng lam viec ha'p dan vdi muc dich duy tri ngudn nhan life nha't la nhttng nhan vien gidi, tai nang vi van hda cung la mot trong nhttng ye'u td anh httdng de'n khuynh httdng rdi bd td chttc ciia nhanvien; ddng thdi thu hut life Ittdng lao dpng dac biet la nhttng ngttdi cd nang life, nhttng nhan tai ben ngoai do bdi ngttdi lao ddng ben canh viee xera xet cac ye'u to' nhtt Ittdng bdng, tinh chat cdng viec,... thi hp ngay cang quan tara
^den ye'u to' van hda trttdc khi bat dau gia nhap mot td chttc mdi.
2.2. Mo hinh nghien cdu de xudt vd cdc gid thuyet nghien cdu
2.2.1. Mo hinh nghien cdu de xudt
Md hinh nghien cttu de xua't dttdc chpn ttt rad hinh eua Dd Thuy Lan Httdng (2008), Aldhuwaihi (2013), Diana (2017) va Tran Dttc Tua'n (2017). Ttt do, tac gia de xua't rad hinh cae ye'u to' van hda doanh nghiep tac dpng de'n stt gan ke't eiia nhan vien tai eac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu Ittu tru tai Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh (xera Hinh 1.1)
Hinh 1.1: Mo hinh cac yeu to van hoa doanh nghiep tac dgng den SLf gdn kef
cua nhan vien
Man hoa hdp tac
V§n hoa sang tao
N^n hoa canh tranh
\^n hoa kiem scat ,H,+
H i t -
_
H3+
Sst-
: : - : ^ Sii hai long
• 0 9 +
Su gan ket
Nguon: Aldhuwaihi, 2013, tdc gid tdng hpp, 2018 2.2.2. Cdc gid thuyet nghien cdu
Gia thuye't nghien cttu:
//;.• Vdn hda hpp tdctdc dpng ciing chieu den sU hdi long ciia nhdn vien
H2: Vdn hda sdng tao tdc dpng cdng chieu den sU hdi long ciia nhdn vien
H^: Vdn hda canh tranh tdc dpng ciing chieu den sU hdi long cua nhdn vien
H4: Vdn hda kiem sodt tdc dpng cung chieu den sU hdi long cua nhdn vien
7/5.- Vdn hda hpp tdc tdc dpng cdng chieu den sU gdn ket ciia nhdn vien
H^: Vdn hda sdng tao tdc dpng ciing chieu den sU gdn ket cua nhdn vien
Hy: Vdn hda canh tranh tdc dpng cung chieu den sU gdn ket cua nhdn vien
Hg: Vdn hda kiem sodt tdc dpng ciing chieu den sU gdn ket ciia nhdn vien
Hg: Su hdi long tdc dpng ciing chieu den sU gan ket cua nhdn vien
2.2.3. Mdu nghien cau
Hien nay, theo nhieu nha nghien cttu, kich thttdc raau cang ldn cang td't (Nguyen Dinh Thp, 2012). Hair va ctg (2006) trich bdi Nguyin Dinh Thp (2012) cho rang de stt dung phan tich nhan td khara pha (EFA), kich thttdc ralu td'i thieu phai la 50, td't hdn la 100 va ti le quan sat/bien do Ittdng la 5:1, nghia la 1 bien do Ittdng can td'i thieu 5 quan sat. Ngoai ra, theo Tabaehnick va Fidell (1991) trich bdi Nguyin Dinh Thp (2012), de phan tich hdi quy dat dttdc ke't qua tot nha't, thi kich thttdc mau phai thda man cdng thttc tinh kich thttdc mlu:
n > 50 -I- 8 p. Trong do, n la kich thttdc ralu td'i thieu va p la so' Ittdng bien dpc lap trong md hinh.
So 13 Thdng 10/2018 267
TAP CHi CONG THIfdNG
Cu the, trong md binh nghien cttu, tac gia de xua't cd 5 bie'n dpc lap tttdng dttdng 25 bie'n quan sat cd the dttdc stt dung trong phan tich nhan to khara pha. Ta tinh dttdc sd mau tdi thieu can thiet cua nghien cttu la 25 x 5= 125. Ne'u dtta theo cdng thttc n > 50 + 8 p ta tinh dttdc n > 50 -I- 8 x 5 =90.
Do EFA ludn ddi hdi kich thttdc mlu ldn hdn nhieu so vdi diing hdi quy nen ta chpn kich thttdc ralu tdi thieu n =125. Nhtt vay, sd lieu dttdc thu thap dam bao thttc hien tdt rad hinh nghien cttu.
Thang do Likert 5 mttc dp dttdc stt dung de do Ittdng cac khai niem nghien cttu trong md hinh phan tich nhan td vdi mttc dp ttt 1 de'n 5 (vdi
1: Hoan toan khdng ddng y de'n 5: Hoan toan ddng y). Bang 1.1.
3. K6't qua nghien cufu
Dd'i tttdng nghien cttu la eac yeu to van hda
doanh nghiep tae ddng de'n sif gan ket cua nhan vien dd'i vdi doanh nghiep.
Nghien cttu nay tie'n hanh dieu tra nhan vien dang lam viee cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dicli vu Ittu tru tai Thanh phd' Hd Chi Minh nham kham pha ye'u to' tac dpng de'n sif gan ket cua nhan vien.
Tdng sd phie'u phat ra 650, thu ve 615 phieu tra ldi, trong dd cd 17 bang tra ldi cdn de trdng mot so cau hdi nen da loai bo. Vi vay, tac gia tien hanh phan tich va xtt ly so' heu tren 598 (97.23%) bang cau hdi dttdc tra ldi hdp le.
3.1. Ket qud kiem dinh dp tin cay cm thang do Cronbach's alpha vdphdn tich nhdn tdkhdrnpld EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis)
Ke't qua phan tich EFA cho tha'y, ba miTcJi mot (31) bien quan sat dttdc nhdm thanh sau nhan to.
He so' tai nhan to' (Factor loading) deu > 0.5 nen
Bang 1.1. C d c y e u to stf dung trong m o hinh Bien
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
F6
*
Ten yeu to
Van hda hpp tac (Collaborate -clan culture) Van hda sang tao (Create -Adhocracy" Culture) Van hda canh tranh (Compete -Market" Culture) Van hoa kiem soat (Control -Hierarchy" Culture) Su hai Idng
Su gan ket
Tong
So bien quan sat 5 5 6 5 4
6 31
Thang do gob Aldhuwaihi (2013), Diana (2017) Aldhuwaihi (2013); Bamgbade (2016) • Aldhuwaihi (2013), Diana (2017) ; Aldhuwaihi (2013), Diana (2017)
LeTh! Tudng Van (2016), ' Tran Ddc Tuan (2017),
Dd'Thuy Lan Hi/dng (2008);
Ha Nam Khanh Giao va ctg (2017)
Nguon: Khdo sdt ndm 20IS Bdng 1.2. Phdn tich nhdn to' khdm phd
Cronbach's alpha
PhUdng sai trich (Initial Eigenvalues Cumulative %)
Eigenvalue > 1 He sd KMO> 0.5
He sdtai nhan td (Factor loading) Sig.
Nhan to Market
Culture 0.885 27.733
8.320
Adhocracy Culture
0.862 37.504
2.931
Hierarchy Culture
0.837 46.181
2.603
Commitment
0.856 54.054
2.362
Satisfaction
0.909
60.386 1.899 0.897
>0.5 0.000
Nguon: Khdo sdt ndm ^
QUAN TRj - QUAN LY
chiing cd y nghia thie't thifc. Mdi bie'n quan sat cd sai biet ve he sd tai nhan td deu > 0.5 nen dam bao stt phan biet gitta cac nhan to'. (Xem Bang 1.2)
Dtta vao ke't qua phan tich EFA, cae nhan to'rut trich ra cua eac gia thuye't nghien cttu chinh deu dat yeu cau. Do do, md hinh nghien cttu eac yeu to anh httdng de'n sif gan ke't cua nhan vien dttdc hinh thanh nhttki vpng ban dau eua tac gia.
3.2. Ket qud phdn tich nhdn to' khdng dinh CFA (Confirmation Factor Analysis)
Sau khi phan tich CFA, cac trpng sd chuan hda cua cac thang do deu ldn hdn 0.5 nen cac thang do dat dttdc gia tri hdi tu. Md hinh cd 390 bac ttt do, chi sd TLI (Tucker va Lewis index) = 0.942>0.9, chi so' thich hdp so sanh CFI (comparative fit index) = 0.948>0.9; Chi so' GFI (Goodness-of-fit index)= 0.914> 0.9; Cac thanh phan Chi-square/df
= 2,190< 3 vdi gia tri p = 0,000; (Carmines va Mclver, 1981); Chi so' RMSEA (root mean square error approximation) = 0.045< 0.08 (Steiger, 1990) nen cd the ndi la md hinh nay phu hdp vdi dtt lieu thi trttdng. (Xem Hinh 1.2)
Sau khi phan tich SEM, cac trpng so'chuan hda cua cac thang do deu ldn hdn 0.5 nen cac thang do dat dttdc gia tri hdi tu. Md hinh cd 390 bac ttt do, chi so TLI (Tucker va Lewis index) = 0.942>0.9, chi so' thich hdp so sanh CFI (comparative fit index) = 0.948>0.9; Chi so' GFI (Goodness-of-fit index)= 0.9I4>0.9; Cae thanh phan Chi-square/df
= 2,190<3 vdi gia tri p = 0,000; (Carmines va Melver, 1981); Chi sd RMSEA (root mean square error approximation) = 0.045<0.08 (Steiger, 1990) nen cd the ndi la md hinh nay phu hdp vdi dtt lieu thi trttdng. (Xem Hinh 1.2)
Hinh 1.2: Ket qua nghien cCiu
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Chl-iquar*(df-2.190;
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RMSEA-049
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Ngudn: Tdc gid phdn tich, 2018
So 13 Thdng 10/2018 269
TAP CHi CONG THITQNG
Bdng 1.3. Ket qud kiem dmh moi quan he nhdn qud giCfo cdc khdi niem trong mo hinh nghien cCfu
Van hoa canh tranh Van hoa canh tranh Van hda canh tranh Van hoa sang tao Van hoa sang tao Van hoa kiem soat
<->
<->
<->
<->
<->
<->
Van hoa sang tao
\ ^ n hoa kiem soat Van hda hpp tac Van hoa kiem soat Van hoa hpp tac Van hoa hpp tac
Estimate
0.203 0.302 0.323 0.223 0.199 0.221
SE=SQRT((1-r^2)/(n-2))
0.027 0.027 0.026 0.027 0.027 0.027
CR=(1-r)/SE
29.132 26.206 25.603 28.528 29.254 28.588
P-value
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ghi chd: Estimate: gid tri udc lupng; S.E.: sai lech chuan; C.R.: gid tri tdi han Nguon: Tdc gid phdn tick 2018 3.3. Kdt qud phdn tich mo hinh cdu true
tuyen tinh SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) Sau khi chay md hinh SEM, cac md'i quan he gitta eac khai niera trong md hinh nghien cttu chinh thttc nay la ciing chieu va dttdng va deu cd y nghia thd'ng ke (p< 0.05). Bang 1.3.
4. Ke't luan va de xuS't
Ket qua nghien cttu cho tha'y 4 yeu to' van hda doanh nghiep gdm: Van hda hdp tae (Collaborate clan culture). Van hda sang tao (Create -Adhocracy" Culture), Van hda canh tranh (Compete Market" Culture), Van hda kiem soat (Control Hierarchy" Culture) tac ddng den sif hai long va stt gan ke't eua nhan
vien va stt hai long tae ddng de^n stt gan ket cua nhan vien dang lara viec tai eac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu Ittu tru tai Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh.
Muc tieu trpng tam cua nghien cttu nham kham pha va danh gia tac dpng cua cac yeu to van hda doanh nghiep va stt hai long ciia nhan vien nham hieu rd stt gan ke't eua nhan vien difa ra giai phap nang cao stt gan ke't cua nhan vien tai eac doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vu lifu tni trong thdi gian tdi. Ke't qua nay mdt lan ntta chi ra tttng loai hinh van hda doanh nghiep se tac ddng len stt hai long va stt gan ke't cua tttng doi tttdng nhan vien khac nhau. •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
LDgng Vdn Tien vd Nguyin Vdn Ngoc (2014). "Anh hudng cua vdn hda doanh nghiep de'n sUcam ke't gan bo cua nhdn vien doi vdi Cong ty cd phdn Nha Trang Seafoods - F17". Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe Thuy san. So 4. ' '
2. Dd Thuy Lan Huang (2008). "Anh hudng cua vdn hda cong ty de'n sU cam ke't gdn bd vdi tS chAc da nhan vien lam viec trong cdc doanh nghiep d TP.HCM". Ludn vdn thac si. Dai hpc Kinh te'TP. HCM.
, ^- f ^ ^T 5^^"^ ^ T ^'^ ^ " ' ^^-^ ^h^y ^« (^017). "Anh hudng cda vdn hoa doanh nghiep de'n sUgh bo
TsmoTelTe/s''''^ '^ '^^^'^" ^^"^ '"^^ ^^' ^'^''^"- '^^^ '^'^^"^^ ^"^ ^^' ^^" ^^"^ ^^^P- ^'^'^' '^'^^'
QUAN TRj - QUAN LY
4. Hodng Trong vd Chu Nguyin Mong Ngoc (2008), "Phdn tich da lieu nghien cau vdi SPSS", tap I vd 2, NXB Hong Dac, TP. HCM.
5. Le Thi Tudng Vdn (2016). "Cdc nhdn tddnh hudng de'n su thoa mdn cong viec cAa ngudi lao dpng tai Cong ty cdphdn Dau tu vd Sdn xudt giay Thdi Binh tinh Binh Duang". Ludn vdn thac sT. Dai hpc Qudc te Hong Bdng.
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Ngay nhan bai: 14/9/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va suTa chi?a: 24/9/2018 Ngay chap nhSn dang bai: 04/10/2018
Thong tin tdc gid:
NCS. ThS. BUI TRONG TIEN BAO
Khoa Quan tri du lich - Nha hang - Khach san
Trtfcfng Dai hoc C6ng nghe TP. H 6 Chi Minh (Hutech)
So 13 Thdng 10/2018 271
TAP CHi CONG THIfOfNG
STUDYING FACTORS OF THE CORPORATE CULTURE THAT IMPACT ON THE LOYALTY OF STAFF WORKING
AT ACCOMMODATION SERVICES COMPANIES IN HO CHI MINH CITY
• Ph.D Student, Master. BUI TRONG TIEN BAO Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality
University of Technology- Ho Chi Minh City
ABSTRACT:
This study is to identify and measure the impact level of factors related to the corporate culture including collaborate clan culture, create adhocracy culhire, compete market culture and control hierarchy culture on the satisfaction and the loyalty of staff working at accommdation services companies in Ho Chi Mmh City. Generally, the shidy explores factors of the corporate culmre that irapact on the loyalty of employees.
Keywords: CoUaborate elan culture, reate Adhocracy Culture, Compete Market Culture, Control - Hierarchy Cultur, Satisfaction, Commitment.
