KINH TE
NGHIEN Clfu CAC KHO KHAN, RAO CAN KHI KHOti NGHIEP TlJ NONG NGHIEP XANH
VA DE XUAT GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC
• NGUYIN HOANG LAN - NGUYIN THJ NHU VAN
T 6 M TAT:
Trong bdi bdo ndy, nhdm tde gid da su" dung phflOng phdp dieu tra va phan tich de lim ra cdc rdo cdn dd'i vdi doanh nghidp khdi nghi8p trong lmh vflc ndng nghiep xanh, cdc khd khan rdo can bao gom cd che chinh sdch, nguon Iflc, dieu kien tfl nhien. kien thflc, vd tinh kinh le; tfl dd dfla ra dinh hfldng gidi phdp de doanh nghiep khdi nghiep cd the vflot qua dfldc khd khdn ndy.
Tuf khda: Ndng nghiep xanh, rdo can, giai phap, Viet Nam.
1. Gidi thi$u
Khdi nghiep Id xu the phdi trie'n manh me d Viel Nam dac biet trong 5 ndm trd lai day. Sd Ifldng doanh nghiep khdi nghiep d Viet Nam tfl 400 vao ndm 2012 len gan 1.800 vdo nam 2015 \ a 3.000 Irong ndm 2017. Song song vdi dd, cac khdng gian lam viec chung (co - working space), vfldn fldm khdi nghiep (Incubator) va tang td'c khdi nghiep (Accelerator) cung cac chfldng trinh cho cgng dong khdi nghiep cung phdt trien dieo. Cac quy. chfldng irinh dau Ifl ddo tao cung xua'l hien. Cdc ben tham gia tich cflc tfl cac cd quan chinh phu den cac trfldng dai hpc va vien nghien cflu tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho phat trien khdi nghiep. So' Ifldng vo'n dau ifl cho cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep ldng 3 lan tfl 205 trieu USD len gan 900 trieu USD trong giai doan 2016 - 2018. Trong 10 thdng dau nam 2019, Ifldng
\ on tfl 29 thfldng vu la 751 trieu USD [7].
Theo sd'lieu tho'ng ke nam 2016. nong nghiep la mdl irong eac Unh vflc cd sd' Ifldng doanh nghiep ddng ki c6 ti le lang nhanh [6]. Tuy nhien. sd' Ifldng doanh nghi&p thanh lap mdi khdng nhieu neu so vdi
cdc ngdnh khde. Ndm 2019, chi cd 2029 doanh nghiep thanh lap mdi thudc khu vflc ndng nghiep,
!am nghiep va thuy san chie'm 1.5 % [1].
Nam 2017, Viet Nam chi cd khoang 4.500 doanh nghiep nong nghiep, nhuHg lai chie'm den 47% td'ng so' lao dgng ciia ca nfldc. Rdo can ldn la quy da'l. sau dd de'n viec phu thupc hay dnh hfldng cua thdi tie't ldi nang sua't, thi trfldng cung bien dgng khd dfl bao. iVIac dd cd chinh sach flu ddi ve ihue, da't dai nhflng trien khai chfla hieu qua nen doanh nghiep it hfldng ldi tfl cac chinh sdch nay.
Kie'n thflc va chuyen mdn cung la nhflng ye'u to' quan trpng giup cho khdi nghiep thanh cdng trong linh vflc nong nghiep [5].
Khdi nghiep vdi ndng nghiep xanh (ndng nghiep hflu cd. ndng nghiep thudn tfl nhien) da dfldc nhieu ngfldi Ifla chgn de cung cap san pham an loan cho ngfldi tieu diing. Md hinh khdi nghiep nay cd nhieu uXidiem nhfl han che td'i da thud'c bao
\ e thu'c vat. suf dung nguon phan bdn hflu cd tfl ii Ifl cdc phu phamndngnghiep. ldn dung cac flu the'cua dia phfldng nen dau ifl iha'p hdn. tfl cung tfl ca'p ve
So 2-Thong 2/2020 93
gid'ng nen chii dong \ e nguon giong. Mdi tn/dng sin xuat \i \a\ trong lanh thdn ihien vd dam bao sflL khde td't hdn cho ngfldi san xud't [6].
Dil \ a \ . khdi nghiep khdng the trdnh dfldc cac khd khdn ddi khi ird ihanh rao can cho sfl thanh cdng ciia cac doanh nghiep khdi nghiep (ddn vi) non Ire nav. Nghien cflu nay se phan tich dnh hinh cua cdc ddn vi de thay dfldc nhflng khd khdn cung nhfl ddnh gid ve cdc ho trd can thiet va mflc do quan irgng ciia cdc ye'u to' cho viec khdi nghiep thanh cdng. Tfl cac phdn tich dd se dfla ra cdc hfldng giai phdp nham khac phue mol phan cac khd khan/rao can ma ddn vi gap phai,
2. Phfldng phap nghien cu^
2.1. Mgt sdkhdi nifm 2.1.1. Kbdi idem khdi nghiep
Hien lai, chfla cd mgl dinh nghTa tho'ng nhd't \ e khdi nghiep. Khdi nghiep cd the hieu la si/ bat dau mdt hoal ddng kinh doanh trong mdt ITnh vflc.
Nhffng ngfldi khdi nghiep ihfldng cd do luoi tre. cd mong mudn vd hodi bdo ldn va xud'l phal khdi nghiep Ifl dam me vdi nhffng y lfldng mdi me. Khdi nghiep la viec bdt ddu mpt cong viec kinh doanh.
cd the xua'l phdl id dam me hodc Ifl vice nhdn dien cdc cdhdi kinh doanh. hodc tfl the manh vd'n cdcua ngfldi khdi nghiep 12][4].
2.1.2. Khdi nicm ndng nghiep.xanh Ndng nghiep xanh Id mgt khdi niem rpng de phan biet vdi ndng nghiep cd gidi hda \ a sfl dung cac chat hda hoc. Ndng nghiep vanh bao ham ndng nghiep ben vflng, ndng nghiep Ihuan tfl nhien. ndng nghiep hffu cd. Trong ndng nghiep xanh, viec .sfl dung cdc chat hda hpc dfldc han che d mflc td'i da, tham chi khdng sfl dung nhfl vdi ndng nghiep hffucd.
Trong ndng nghiep xanh. canh lac tif nhien vd viec han che td'i da sfl dung cac che pham hda hpc (phan bdn hda hgc. thud'c trfl sdu) mang lai nhieu ldi ich nhfl cdc san pham ndng nghiep lanh sach.
dam bao sfl da dang sinh hpc, tra lai sfl mdu md cho ddt dai. han che xdi mdn. giamd nhiem moi irfldng dac biet giam phai thai khi C02 [7] [8].
2.1.3. Khdi nghiep trong ITnh vifc nong nghiep .xanh
Khdi nghiep trong ITnh vflc ndng nghiep xanh Id ngfldi khdi nghiep chpn viec kinh doanh mgt Irong cac khau ciia \ iec cung flng san pham ndng nghiep xanh tfl nudi trdng de'n phan pho'i ldi tay nsfldi lieu duns.
De khdi nghiep trong ITnh vflc ndng nghiep xanh, ngflcfi khdi nghiep can phai quan idm den cdc
\a'n de ve dieu kien M nhien. thj irfldng - khdch hang, tai chinh, kie'n ihflc va kinh nghidm. cd che chtnh sdch ciia chinh phu.
2.2. PhUdngphdp vd ngi dung nghien cOu Nghien cflu dfldc thflc hien thdng qua 5 bfldc:
Nghien cflu ly thuyet. thiet ke bang cau hdi phd hdp vdi dieu kien Viet Nam (trong dd cd dieu ua thfl de dieu chinh bang cau hot), lien hanh dieu tra (Ifla chgn dd'i Ifldng dieu tra phii hdp vdi muc dich nghien cflu. dien bang hoi. phdng va'n ihem dfla tren bang trd Idi), phan tich so'lieu dieu tra (phan tich Iheo cac ngi dung dfldc hdi cpng vdi cdc ihdng tin dfla trdn cdc phdng va'n chuyen sdu). nhdn dinh dflara ke't luan va de xua't giai phdp.
Bang hdi bao gom cdc cdu hdi li6n quan de'n: (i) nhan ihflc cua ddn vi dfldc dieu tra ve khdi nidm ndng nghiep xanh, \ e djnh hfldng kinh doanh cua ddn vi, ITnh vflc hoat dgng vd kenh phan phdi, di^n tich va sua't dau Ifl; (ii) khd khan va rao can trong viec kinh doanh san xua'l ndng nghiep xanh ciia ddn vi (nguon Iflc, dieu kien tfl nhien, kien thflc, ccJ che chinh sdch cua Chinh phu, tinh kinh te); (tii) mflc dp can thie'l cua sfl hd trd cho boat dgng kinh doanh trong ITnh vflc NNX va mflc dp quan trpng cua cdc ye'u to' de'n thanh cdng cua doanh nghiep;
(iv) ddng cd ihuc day viec kinh doanh trong ITnh
\flc NNX, nhan dinh cua chii ddn vi ddi vdi thdi gian vfldt qua giai doan khd khan ban dau; (v) thdng tin chung ciia doanh nghiep.
Mflc diem dfldc cho theo ihang diem tfl 1 den 5 (khdng khd khan de'n dac biet khd khan; khong de'n dac biel can ihie't, khong quan trpng de'n ddc bi?l quan Irgng).
2.3. Phiidngphdp dieu tra vd thu thap sdlieu So' lieu sfl dung trong nghien cflu la so' heu sd ca'p. So' lieu sd ca'p dfldc thu thap bang dieu fl-a thifc te ihdng qua bang hdi. Mdu dieu tra dfldc chgn theo phfldng phdp thuan tien. So'Ifldng dieu tra la 12dt}n vi san xua't trong ITnh vuc ndng nghiep xanh vdi quy mo nhd (vdi dien tich nuoi trong dfldi 50 hecta).
Phfldng phap xfl ly sd lieu trong nghien ciJu la phfldng phap thd'ng ke md la. Ngoai ra, phdn phdng va'n chuyen sdu dfla tren phan tra ldi cua cdc ddn vi cung dfldc tie'n hdnh khi can thie't de lim hicu cdc vd'n de dac thu ddn vi.
94 So 2 - T h d n g 2/2020
3. K6't qua nghiOn cihi va phan tich ke't qua 3.1. Cdc thong tin chung
Tfing so ddn vi tham gia khao sdt la 12. Trong so ndy. 10/12 ddn vj cho r^ng nong nghiep xanh bao phti ca ndng nghiep hflu cd, ndng nghiep thudn Ifl nhidn. ndng nghipp phi hda chat. Dien lich canh tde cHa cdc ddn vi nay tfl 1 de'n 50 hecia. Chi phi dau tfl trung binh Id 200 tneu VND/ hecta. Ve mat hdng san xud'l, 4 irong sd' 12 ddn vi dfldc hdi chi trong rau qua, so cdn lai ket hdp ca trdng trgt va chdn nudi. tuy nhien dien lich danh cho chdn nudi khd khiem ton .so vdi ddnh cho trong trpt. Ve dgng cd thuc dd'y khdi nghiep irong ITnh vitc ndng nghipp xanh, ye'u to' dam me vdi ndng nghiep xanh xua't hien trong 73% so'cdu tra ldi, tie'p theo la yeu id've nhu cau sdn phd'm sach (64%), tie'p de'n la do dam me vdi kinh doanh (46%). Dieu ndy dfldc ly gidi do hau he'l chii cdc ddn vi sdn xua't deu tre, cd kie'n thflc va nhan thflc lot ve ndng nghiep xanh, hg mong mud'n ddng gdp xay dflng mgt nen nong nghiep phi hda cha'i de vfla dam bao Ifldng thflc thli'c phiim, vfla bao ve sflc khde ngfldi san xua't, vfla bdo ve mdi trfldng va da dang sinh hoc. Ben canh dd, trong qua trinh lim kie'm nguon thflc pha'm an lodn cho gia dinh vd cdc ngfldi thdn, hg nhan [ha> viec bd't dau kinh doanh vdi trang trai se mang lai dong thdi cd ldi ich ve dam bao thflc pha'm rd nguon gd'c, minh bach ve quy irinh san xua'l va cung mang lai nguon thu nhap cho gia dinh. Dieu ndy dd la mot ddng cd ldn de thuc day hg khdi nghiep trong ITnh vflc ndng nghiep xanh. Ngodi ra, mdt vdi ddn vj da cho rang dieu kien tfl nhien ciia Viet Nam thudn ldi de ldm ndng nghiep xanh va
Hint) 1: Yeu to cd ch§'chinh sach
KINH TE
xud't phat tfl viec mong muo'n bao ton sfl da dang he sinh thai.
3.2. Phdn tich cdc thdch thdc/ rdo cdn khdi nghiep trong tinh vUc nong nghiep xanh
3.2.1. Cdc rdo cdn/klid khdn vdi khdi nghiep Irong iinh vifc ndng nghiep .xanh
Cac rao can vd khd khan vdi viec khdi nghiep trong ITnh vflc ndng nghiep xanh bao gom cac nhdm chinh sach, cd sd vat cha't. kinh le, nguon Iflc, kie'n thflc va dieu kien tfl nhien. Dflng dau danh sach ndy la Chinh sdch. Hau he't cdc ddn vj dfldc hdi cho rdng ddy Id ye'u id' gdy khd khdn nhd'l dd'i vdi hg. Cdc vd'n de lien quan de'n ye'u td't Chinh sdch, Cd sd vat chd'l, Kinh te va Nguon life cd so' diem tren khung trung binh (ldn hdn 2.5). Nhfl vay, cdc ye'u Id' nay dfldc cac ddn vi dfldc hdi cho rang gdy nhieu khd khan do'i vdi qud tnnh kmh doanh cua hp. Ye'u to' Kie'n thflc vd Dieu kien tfl nhien cd sd'diem dfldi 2.5. dieu nay the hien ddi vdi cac ddn vi dfldc khao sat, 2 yeu Id'nay chfla thflc sfl gay khd khan ddi vdi viec khdi nghiep cda hp.
Cd che chinh sach la mgt ye'u to' quan trpng trong viec tao ra moi irfldng cho phdt uien nong nghiep xanh. Trong dd, cac chinh sdch hd trd khuye'n khich cua chinh phu dd'i vdi san phd'm ndng nghiep xanh dfldc ddt len hang dau. Trong dieu kien Viet Nam, cdc doanh nghiep hau nhflkhdng nhan dfldc sfl hd trd nao dang ke tfl cdc chinh sdch ddnh rieng cho ndng nghiep xanh. Chinh phii cung khong cd sfl trd gia ndo cho cac san pha'm dang nay. Cdc lieu chua'n ro rdng ve phfldng thflc canh tac. cha't Ifldng san pha'm cung chfla dfldc ban hdnh mgt each he tho'ng de doanh nghiep cd the iheo do thflc hien (Hinh 1).
Ill
H 6 trtr cua chfnh phii khi Chfnh sach ho t r p khuyen mat mua do sau b? khich cua chfnh phu san
pham NNX
Chfnh sach t r p gia ciJa chinh phu
Thieu cSc ti^u c l i u a r ro rang ve p h u a n g phap
canh tac NNX
So 2 - T h d n g 2/2020 95
Ddi vdi khia canh of sd vai chat, viec Iflu uff san pham sau ihu boach \d van chuyen phan phoi den ngfldi lieu diing deu dfldc ddnh gid Id rao can chfnh.
San xua't ndng nghiep xanh se tao ra cdc san pham theo dung miia vu, \ iec lflu trfl san pham khdng sfl dung cdc chd't bao quan hda hpc khien iI le san pham bi hdng ldn hdn. Viec van chuyen ciing ddi hdi cac yeu cau khdt khe hdn lam gia tang thdi gian ciing nhfl chi phi trong khau nay. Viec phdn phd'i trflc lie'p sc Iam giam thdi gian van chuyen nhu^g lai giam linh da dang ciia san phd'm de'n ngfldi tieu dung (Hinh 2).
Vc mdt kinh te. viec Om mpt thj trfldng phii hdp cho sdn pham hay viec cac khdch hang/nhd phdn phd'i ddt gid thd'p cho sdn phd'm cung la mpt khd khdn hien hffu. Tu> nhien. cdc nhd san xud't cung da cd cdch de vfldt qua rao can nay bdng viec hp thfldng lim dfldc mdi lap khdch hang sdn sang tra mflc gia hdply cho san pham. (Hinh 3)
Vc ngudn Iflc. khdi nghiep ludn di ddi vdi vd'n de \c vd'n. do vdy khdng ngac nhien khi cdc ddn vi dfldc khao sat deu coi Ja\ Id khd khdn dd'i vdi ho.
Tu\ nhien, nhfl cdc phan tich trflde. nong nghiep xanh khdng ddi hdi nguon \dn ldn ban dau (nhtf ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao). do \dy yeu id nay cung chl dfldc cho diem hdn irung binh (3.0). Lao dpng nhieu la dac trflng ciia ndng nghiep xanh.
nhflng dd'i vdi cdc ddn vi dfldc khao sdt. hp cd thg' thu xe'p vd luyen dung dfldc lao dgng phfl hdp, dd Cling la nhffng ngfldi cd dong quan diem ve canh lac ndng nghiep nen rat de dang lim dfldc dS'ng ndi chung. Thdi gian canh lac ddi khdng phai la van d^
gay khd khdn cho ddn \ i. do hg nhdn thflc dflt^c mud'n san pham dat dfldc pha'm chd't td't phai de san phd'm cd dii ihdi gian phdl irie'n de'n mflc y^u cau. Kha ndng tie'p can nguon da'l de thue cung khdng qud khd khdn. Tuy nhien, de tim mgl mdnh dd't hdi lu day du cac ye'u Id' de ldm ndng nghiep xanh. dac bidl vdi yeu cau khdt khe ciia ndng nghiep hflu cd thi ciing khdng d6 dang. Do vdy. cdc ddn VI Ihfldng cai tao dan da't vd cd thdi gian chuye'n doi khi hg khong the tim dflde mdnh da'l dat lieu chud'n. Ve gid'ng, trong nong nghidp xanh khdng canh ldc cdc gid'ng bie'n doi gen nen cdc ddn
Hmh 2: Yeu to cdsd vdt chdt 3.00
2.90 2.80 2.70 2.60 2.50
Vjn chuyen san pham NNX Lifu trip san pham NNX
Hmh 3: Tinh kinh te
2.75 2.70 2.65 2.60 2.55
2.50 Khach hang khong s3n sang tra Nhaban buon va khach hang Tiep can thi tn/o-ng phu h ^
I
gia cao cho san pham NNX muon gia thap cho san pham cho san pham NNX NNX
96 So 2^ Thdng 2/2020
KINH TE
vj thfldng cd' g^ng tfl chii ve ngudn giong sau mdt so chu ki canh tac ddc biet dd'i vdi cdc gid'ng thuan chiing, do vdy khdng phu thugc vdo nguon gid'ng hen ngodi. Thudc irii sau smh hpc hodc cdc bien phdp trfl .sdu khdng dung hda chat dfldc ke thfla ttt cdc kinh nghiem ndng nghiep Viet Nam. Do dd, cdc ddn vj nay hau nhfl khdng gap khd khdn trong vi^c che tao hodc tiep cdn vdi nguon thud'c trfl sau sinh hpc. (Hinh4)
Ve sfl hieu bie't vd kie'n thflc ctia nhd san xud't, ye'u Id' mflc do sdn sang cua chu doanh nghiep ve vipc canh idc/nudi trong Irong nong nghiep xanh
Hinh 4: Yeu td nguon lUc
dfldc danh gid la yeu id' quan trpng. Day la khd khan ban ddu dd'i vdi ngfldi mud'n tham gia vdo ndng nghiep xanh. Vfldl qua dfldc kho khdn nay, cdc ye'u to' kbdc nhfl kien thflc ve san xuat ndng nghiep xanh hay viec ne'p can vdi cdc lai li^u va ky thuat san xua't khdng cdn la van de qud khd giai quyetnffa. {Hlnh5)
O khia canh dieu kien tfl nhien. dp mdu md ciia da't dfldc ddnh gid Id rao can chinh. Viec dd't khdng dam bao dinh dfldng se keo theo thdi gian dai hdn de cai tao da't hodc thdi gian canh ldc Idu hdn cung nhfl san pham cd chd'l Ifldng khdng lot. Dieu kien
Mill
Huy dpng von can nhieu lao Thcri gian canh Kha nang tiep Tiep cdn cac logi dau tu* dpng tac dai cgn giong, thue thuoc trtr sau
dat sinh hpc Hinh 5: Yeu tdkle'n thifc
I 2 4 5
I..I
Miit d$ sin s&ng cua ca Kien thi/c va dao tgo ve S u hi4u biet Phuang viec tiep can Tai lieu va etc nhan/chii doanh nghifp ve canh tac/nu6( Irong san thu-c canh Idc nghien oyu ve each thi/c
canh tac/nu6i trong san pham NNX canh tac/nuoi trong sp
pham NNX I^NX
So 2-Thdng 2/2020 97
ihdi tiet cung la yeu to dfldc ddnh gia gan ngang vdi dp mdu md cua da'l. Thdi del cd y nghia quan trpng dd'i vdi trong trot va dam bao ndng suat cdy trong.
Mot ye'u id khac dfldc dfla vdo danh gid la stfc ep cua viec sfl dung cac san pham phan bdn hda hoc de tang dinh dfldng. tdng nang sua't cdy trong.
Nhflng ye'u to'nay dfldc danh gid khdng phai Id khd khdn chinh. vi dd'i vdi cac nha san xud't dieo ndng nghiep xanh viec ngflng sfl dung cdc cha't hda hpc la dieu dfldc ihd'm nhuan khi bdt dau kinh doanh trong ITnh vflc nay, (Hinh 6)
Hinh 6: Yeu fddieu kien tiJ nhien
quye't dinh quan trpng den viec cd dat dfldc cdc lieu chuan cua san pham ha> dat dfldc cdc mflc ndng sud'l mong mud'n hay khdng. Tai chinh cung la va'n de quan trpng khi giai doan dau khdi nghiep, cdc ddn vi deu can den ngu6n \d'n. ddc biet trong cdc ddn vi dfldc khao sdt. cd nhffng chii ddn vi khd tr^
cd niem dam me nhflng nang Iflc tdi chinh ban che, vi vay neu cd sfl ho trd ve tai chinh se giup viec khdi nghiep trd nen bdt khd khdn hdn.
Cac ddn vi cung da dfla ra danh gia ve mflc dO quan trong ciia cac yeu id' nhfl tdi chinh. khach
Oieu k i ^ n t y nhien
I I
Ot6u kien Ih&i l i f t phil hpp vdi Do m i u mcrcOadSt phCi hppvAl r — --T -r-o —
" " ' canh lac san pham NNX san p h i m h6a hpc d i tang dmh canh tic/nufli Ir&ng sin pham
SCrc 6p cua vi$c sir dgng cSc l l m h6a hpc d i tar
du&ng cho d^t
Ngoai cdc khd khan ke tren. mdl sd nha san xua't cung dfla ra cdc khd khdn cd tinh rieng biet nhfl sfl hieu biet cua khach hang ve san pham ndng nghiep xanh hodc viec tra Iron cac san pham khdng dam bao cdc lieu chi (vi du: hula cd) ciia cac dai ly phdn phd'i.
3 2.2. Cdc vd'n de kbdc
De tim hieu them ve mflc do quan trong ciia viec hd trd. dac biet ta giai doan ban dau ddi vdi doanh nghiep khdi nghiep. cac ddn \ i dfldc dieu tra cung dd dfla ra cac danh gid ciia minh ddi vdi cac hd trd ifl chinh sach. tdi chinh. tai lieu, chia se kinh nghiem... Trong dd, hd trd ve gidi phdp ki thudl dfldc cdc ddn vi nay coi la ye'u id quan trpng (4.25 diem), sau dd la hd trd \ e tai chinh (3A die'm). bd trd \ e kinh nghiem (3.3 diem), ho trd \ e thii tuc phdp l> (3 diem). \a cud'i cung la hd trd ve tai lieu (2.75 diem). Cd the Ihd'\ rang. \eu id' kT thudl cd
hdng, kinh nghiem san xua'l, kinh nghiem qudn ly vd tinh da dang cCia san pha'm dd'i vdi viec kinh doanh Ihdnh cong. Nhfl vdy, cdc yeu to' nay deu d mflc dp ra't quan trpng dd'i vdi ddn vi mac du cd lech chut it ve die'm so'. Trong so' ndy diem ddng chu y Id viec da dang hda san pha'm khong phai la yeu lo quan fl^gng hdng dau, dieu dd cd the dfldc hieu thdng qua viec cdc doanh nghiep khdi nghiep Ihfldng bat dau vdi mot so' Ifldng san pha'm il, viec da dang hda chi dfldc tien hanh khi doanh nghiep da vfldt qua giai doan ba't on ban dau, di vdo san xua't dndinh.
3.3.De xudi gidiphdp 3.3.1. Gidi phdp ve Idi chinh
Viec can cd mpl nguon vo'n ban dau de khdi nghiep la dieu quan trong do'i vdi chii doanh nghiep, ngudn nay cd the dfldc huy ddng tfl gia dinh ban be. Dd'i vdi nong nghiep xanh. mdi nguon huy
98 So 2 - T h o n g 2/2020
KINH TE
dpng khde dd chinh la khdch hang, nhflng ngfldi cd ciing cdi nhin ve thflc phd'm sach, chat lfldng. khong hda chat. Gidi phdp dfla ra Id huy dpng gdp vd'n tfl cdc khach hdng tiem ndng. sau dd khdch hdng se nhdn dfldc san pha'm vdi gia flU dai. Thifc hien viec ndy, doanh nghiep khdi nghiep vfla cd nguon vo'n lai vtfa cd lap khach hang de dam bao dau ra cua sdn pham. Tuy nhien, viec nay chi phu hdp vdi cdc chii doanh nghiep cd tdm, cd ke hoaeh kinh doanh bdi ban, tam anh hfldng Id't de khdch hang cd the ddt niem un vao sdn phd'm sau nay cua hp.
3.3.2. Gidi phdp ve phan phdi sdn phdm Day Id hfldng giai phap lien quan den to'i flu hda phdn phd'i giao nhan hang. Dac diem cua san pha'm ndng nghiep xanh Id mang nang tinh thdi vu, kha ndng bdo quan tha'p hdn do khdng sfl dung cdc che pham bdo quan hda hpc. Do vdy, viec lien ke't chat che vdi khdch hang, ilm hieu nhu cau vd thi hie'u cua khdch hang de cd the cung cap kip thdi cdc san pham theo diing nhu cau, giam thdi gian lflu kho cung nhfl thdi gian van chuyen san phd'm se giup gidm lile sdn pham hdng hodc bi dfl thifa. Viec nay cd lhe dfldc thflc hien thdng qua sfl hd trd ciia cong nghp ihdng lin. Viec phdt trien mpt phan mem cdp nhdi nhu cau cua khdch hdng, dd'i chie'u vdi nang Ufc sdn xua'l cua doanh nghidp, tdi idj hda cung
dfldng giao hang se giai quye't dfldc mgl phan ldn va'n de nay. Trong khuon khd nghien ctfu, nhdm ldc gia khdng cd dieu kien di sdu vdo phdt trien giai phdp nay, nhflng nhdm cung cho rang, viec van dung cdng nghe vao giai quyet cac van de ve kel no'i giffa nhu cau va cung ca'p trong mdl pham vi khdng rpng la dieu hoan toan cd the ldm dfldc.
4. Ke't luan
Thdng qua viec phdng va'n cdc doanh nghiep khdi nghiep trong ITnh \ flc ndng nghiep xanh, cd the tha'y rdng, ndng nghiep xanh la mgl Ifla chpn phti hdp dd'i vdi cdc chu ddn vj cd mong mud'n vd jiiem dam me ydi sdn phd'm sach, khdng hda chd'l.
Xua't phat tfl dam me dd. cdng vdi cac kie'n thflc cd sdn va hgc tap thong qua cdc Hpi nhdm, viec khdi nghiep den vdi hg de mpt mat thda man dam me ctia minh, mat khac cung ddng gdp cho mdi trfldng va xd hpi. Cdc kho khan/ rao can dat ra trong qud trinh khdi nghiep lien quan de'n ca cd che chinh sdch, cd sd vdt cha't, ngudn life, thi irfldng. De giai quye't cac vd'n de nay, mdi ddn vi deu cd each nhin nhan va thich flng, cung nhfl cd giai phdp rieng.
Trong khudn khd nghien cflu nay, nhdm nghien cflu dfla ra mdt vai hfldng gidi phdp ve tdi chinh vd phan phd'i san pham, nham phan ndo giup cac ddn vi vfldt qua dfldc cdc khd khdn ban dau •
LM cdm dn:
Nhom tde gid trdn trpng giti ldi cdm dn den sU ho trff ciia Cong ty TNHH ThUc phdm Nhdn Thuy, Cong ty TNHH Nong nghiep hffu cd Dffc Tien, Cong ty co phdn Bavifarm vd cdc dcfn vi khde da tham gia phdng van, cimg cdc dong nghidp da cgng tde, hd trcf trong qua trinh thffc hien nghien cffu ndy.
Bdi bdo cong bomi^tphan ket qua nghien cffu ciia de tdi co md sdT2018-PC-108 do Trddng Dai hgc Bdch khoa Hd Ngi cd'p kinh phi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
IIJ. Bg Kehoach vd Ddu lU(MPI) (2019). Tmh hinh ddng ki doanh nghiep ndm 2019.
12}. GenVita (2019). Chciy theo trdo ltfu khdi nghiep vd chu nghia tif chu. cdn ihdn "mdc bdy" tU dac.
13}. Mai Quy (2019). Khdi nghiep id "tieng ggi" lain nong nghiep sgch.
14] \gu\l-n Thj Ha Thanh (20IH}. Nhdng khdi niem cdn bdn - Khdi nghiep Id gl?. Trudng Dai hoc Nguyen Tdi Thdnh. Trung tdm Sdng tgo vd ifiyin Igo doanh nghiep.
(51. Phdng Thuong mgi vd Cc'mg nghiep Viel Nam (VCCI)(2017a), Tao dd cho khdi nghiep ndng nghiep cong nghe cao.
So 2-Thdng 2/2020 99
[61. Plwng Thuong mgi vd Cong nghiep Viei Nam <VCCI)(2017h). V,etNam - Ddt Idnh cho UuVngldi-p.
[71 Phifcmg .Anh (2019), Viei Nam dang ddng thd 3d Dong Nam A ve .\d lucmg doanh ngbi?p Uidi nghiep.
[Sj A.\ad N. 1201II, Towards a green economy.
[9j. Jennifer C. (2019), How organic farming benefits the environment.
Ngay nhan bai: 8/1/2020
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chifa: 18/1/2020 Ngay chd'p nhan dSng bai: 28/1/2020
Thong tin ldc gid:
1. T S . N G U Y I N HOANG LAN
Bp mon Kinh tecong nghidp, Vi^n Kinh te'va Quan ly, TrUcfng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha NOi
2. ThS. NGUYEN TH| NHL'VAN Khoa Quan ly cong nghidp ^ a Nang li/dng, Trfldng Dai hpc Di?n \iic
A RESEARCH ON BARRIERS TO STARTUPS IN GREEN AGRICULTURE AND SOLUTIONS
TO OVERCOME THESE DIFFICULTIES
• PhD. NGUYEN HOANG LAN Department of Industrial Economics, School of Economics and Management Hanoi University of Science and Technology
• Master. NGUYEN THI NHU VAN Department of Industrial and Energy Management,
Electric Power University
ABSTRACT:
This research was conducted by using investigative and analytical methods to find out barriers to startups in green agriculture. The resuh show that policy mechanisms, resources, natural condidons, knowledge, and economics are alt barriers to startups tn green agriculture. Based on these results, this research proposes soludons to help startups overcome these difficulties.
Keywords: Green aariculture. barrier, solution, Vietnam.
100 So 2 - T h a n g 2 2020
