TIM VSEV MQT VAI KHAI MEM C O N G NGHE NANO VA NGHIEN Clfll CONG NGHE NANO v A o
SAN XUAT DEN LED TAI VltlT NAM
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huat ngir "cdng nghe nano" bat ddu dupc dua ra vdo nam 1974 bdi nha nghien ciiu Nario Taniguchi (Nhdt Bdn) su dyng de de cap khd nang che tao cdu triic vi hinh cua vi mach dien tir, nhung y tudng ve nd da dupc nhd vdt ly My Richrd P.Feynman hinh thdnh tir nam 1959 (dng cho rang khoa hpc da di vao chieu sdu ciia cdu triic vdt chdt den tirng phdn tir, nguyen tir vdo sau hon nua) vd chinh thiic dupc nghien cuu vdo nam 1970.Trong nhiing nam sau do, cdng nghe nano (CNNN) da dupc iing dyng tren rdt nhieu ITnh vyc nhu: Cdng nghiep (mdy nghe nhac, Ipod nano, dng nano cacbon tube, may lpc nudc cdng nghe nano ...); y hpc (chira benh HIV/ASID, ung thu, tim mach...)....
vd cdc sdng chi khdng ngirng tang len vl so
lupng qua cdc nam. Tir do cho thdy, cdng nghe nano dupc cdc nhd khoa hpc rat quan tdm, vi ddy la mdt trong nhiing ngdnh cdng nghe cd khd nang trd thdnh ddn bdy thuc day sy phdt trien cua nen kinh te vd kha ndng cdi thien mdi trudng cung nhu tao ra siic manh qudn sy do CNNN mang lai Id rdt ldn. Vi the, cac nudc tren the gidi hien dang cd mdt cudc chay dua
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phdt trien vd iing dyng CNNN.
Mot vdi khdi nien vi cong nghi nano
- Chii nano: gdc Hy Lap, dupc gan vdo trudc cdc don vi do de tao ra don vi udc gidm di 1 ty ldn 10(-9) Vi dy:
nanogam = 1 phdn ty ciia gam; nanomet = 1 phdn ty met. Cdng nghe nano la cdng nghe xir ly vat chat d miic nano met.
vdt lieu md trong cdu triic cua cdc thdnh phdn cdu tao nen nd it nhdt phdi cd mdt chieu d kich thudc nanomet.
- Dinh nghTa cdng nghe nano: CNNN cd nghTa la bat ky cdng nghe thuc hien tren mdt cdp dp nano cd the iing dung trong the gidi thyc.
"Nanotechnology lit- erally means any tech- nology, performed on a nanoscale that has ap- plications in the read
world" (nguon: Springer Handbook of nano-tech- nology, tdc gid:
Bhushan)
Cdng nghe nano bao gdm viec thiet ke, che tao vd ling dung cdc cdu triic, thilt bi hay he thdng d kich thiic nanomet (lnm=10-^m).
Cdng nghe nano trong sdn xuat den LED tai Viet Nam
Djnh nghTa vdt lieu CNNN mang lai Nano: Vat lieu nano la nhirng lpi ich to ldn, da
12 So 05.2011
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CO mdt sd cudng qudc ddn ddu ve sdng che trong cdng nghe ndy d nhung ITnh vyc khdc nhau nhu: Trung Qudc (965 sdng che - dng nano
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cacbon va 312 sdng che nano trong vat lieu cd tinh diet khudn), Hdn Qudc (102 sdng che- nano pin mat trdi vd 258 sdng che - nano den Led), My (218 sdng che- nano dung trong nhdn dang)... Qua nhung so lieu tren, cho thdy cdc nudc da rdt linh hoat trong viec dp dyng chuyen giao cdc thdnh tuu CNNN vd rat thdnh cdng.
O Viet Nam, trong nhirng nam gdn day cdc trudng Dai hpc (Dai hpc Bdeh khoa Ha Ndi, Dai hpc Qudc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Hue....) vd Vien nghien ciiu (Vien Khoa hpc vd Cdng nghe Viet Nam, Vien Khoa hpc Vat lieu, Vien Vdt ly vd Dien tir...) ciing da tiep can ngdnh cdng nghe mdi nay tren nhilu ITnh vyc khdc nhau. Mdt trong nhiing cdch tiep can iing dyng CNNN vdo sdn xudt bdng Led va den Led.
Hien nay, trong nudc cd rdt nhieu cdng ty ung dung CNNN sdn xudt Led nhu Cdng ty Faw^oo- Kidi (lien doanh giira Fawoo Technology - Hdn Qudc (Fawoo) vd cdng ty cd phdn Tap Dodn Kim Dinh (KIDI) da ddu tu xdy lap ddy chuyen kiem tra ddng
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gdi che tao bdng LED tri gid 12 trieu USD, chuyen sdn xudt vd phdn phdi sdn phdm bdng den LED tai Viet Nam; cdng ty TNHH Cdng nghe LED Anh Sdng Mdi (ASAMLED), Id cdng ty cd 100% vdn ddu tu la cua Cdng ty CP Dien tir Thu Diic (VTD) da ldp dat day chuyen cdng nghe va cdc thiet bi de sdn xudt LED, thyc hien ddng gdi bdng LED vd sdn xudt cdc sdn phdm LED theo quy md cdng nghiep tai Viet Nam;
ngodi ra, cd cdc cdng ty sdn xudt vd kinh doanh sdn phdm Led nhu: Cdng ty Rang Ddng, cdng ty Ngpc Bien Lighting, cdng ty TNHH Qudc te OKADA... vd ling dyng
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CNNN vao sdng che den Led do PGS - TS Dang Mdu Chien (Gidm ddc phdng thi nghiem cdng
nghe nano (LNT) Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh) nghien ciiu. Day Id don vi cd nhiem vy ddo tao vd nghien ciiu chuyen sdu ve vat lieu vd cdng nghe micro-nano.
Nhin chung, tren thi trudng hien nay, bdng den Led cd xudt xir tir nudc ngodi hoac cdc cdng ty lien doanh trong nudc, da sd d dang den mdu (phdt dnh sdng xanh, dd, hdng...), dung ldm den chi thi dien tii, den mau qudng cao, den trang tri... Trong khi dd sdn phdm "den sac sir dung cdc bdng Led", gpi tdt la den Led do LNT sdn xudt vd su dyng cdng nghe ban ddn phdt ra dnh
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sdng trdng (LED) cdng nghe hodn todn cua Viet Nam. Cdc nhd khoa hpc cua LNT da sdn xudt thir
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nghiem vdi sd lupng 150 cdi. Vi sd lupng den sdn xudt khdng nhieu nen LNT chi dung de tang, lam tir thien vd mdt sd se dupc ddnh cho phia ddi tdc ciia LNT. Trong tuong lai cd the den Led se thay the ddn den spi ddt vd den huynh quang bdi tiet kiem nang lupng tieu thu tir 70 din 80%
Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Binh Dironag 13
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va nhirng uu diem tuy?t vdi cua nd dupc xem la loai den cua tuong lai.
Den sac sir dung cdc bdng Led da dupc PGS.TS Dang Mdu Chien kl thira vd phdt trien dya tren nghien ciiu ciia GS. Shuji Nakamura ciing cdc cpng sy ciia dng (cdng ty Nichia).
Cdng trinh md GS. Shuji Nakamura nghien ciiu vd che tao thdnh cdng ve cdu true Led InGaN mdu xanh duong vd xanh Id, ddn den sy phdt trien ciia Led dnh sdng trang, bdng cdch phu phootspho YAG (Yttrium Alu- minum Garnet- Y3AI5012:Ce) phdt sdng trong viing mdu vdng len mdt Led xanh.
Den Led cd khodng
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30 chi tiet, mdi chi tiet lai bao gdm nhieu linh kien vd bdng LED chi Id mdt trong 30 chi tilt cdu thdnh; dya tren cdng nghe cau triic bdn dan phdt sdng tren thilt bi MOCVD vd sir dyng chip LED dnh sdng xanh duong; cdng suat tieu thy d miic tir 2 4 W nhung dp phd sdng tuong duong vdi cdc loai den compact hien nay
tren thi trudng cd cdng suat 6 12 W vd cd thdi gian sir dyng len den 16 gid (khi sac day), den LED cho dnh sdng trang cd tudi thp tdi 50 nghin gid sir dung, gap 50 ldn so vdi bdng den 60W thdng thudng vd tudi thp cua bdng LED xdp xi
100.000 gid; den LED cd the su dyng nhieu ngudn dien sac khdc nhau nhu: Pin ndng lupng mat trdi, nguon dien xoay chieu 220V- 50Hz hay cd ngudn dien mdt chieu 12V tir xe hoi, dynamo quay tay...; den LED cdn dupc trang bj ac-quy (12V 1,3 Ah/4 Ah) ddng thdi tich hpp he thdng bdo ve ac-quy den trong qud trinh sac.
Do dd, den LED nano CO rdt nhieu uu diem nhu: Tiet kiem nang lupng do nhiet nang sinh ra trong qud trinh hoat ddng khdng dang kl vd khdng sinh nhiet khi chiiu sdng; tudi thp cao hon cdc loai den khdc dang cd tren thi trudng (nlu thap den LED mudi gid mdi ngdy thi 23 nam sau mdi phdi thay bdng);
kich cd nhd; hoat ddng tdt trong dilu kien nhiet dp thdp; sii dyng ddng
dien mpt chieu vdi hieu dien the nhd; khdng gay d nhiem mdi trudng vi khdng sinh ra tia cue tim, khdng cd thiiy ngdn... vd cd tinh an todn cao (nhd ac-quy (12V-
l,3Ah/4Ah) ddng thdi tich hpp h | thdng bdo ve dc-quy).
Vi the den Led cd thi ling dyng rdt da dang:
- Sinh hoat trong nhd (ddc biet viing sdu, vimg xa noi khdng cd mang ludi dien): Den hpc, den chieu sdng, chieu sdng be boi...
-Sinh hoat ngodi trdi:
Sdn vudn, cam trai, cdu cd, du ngoan...
Lam viec van phdng; su dung trong sua chiia, bdo tri thilt bi, xe hoi hay sir dyng trong trudng hpp khdn cdp (Clip dien dot xudt)...
Nhu vdy, nhiing vdi uu diem vupt trdi cua den Led so vdi cdc loai den hien cd tren thi trudng, se md ra co hdi rat ldn cho viec thuong mai hda sdn pham nay, bdi nhirng hieu qud rat ldn cho ngudi sir dyng khi dung den Led. Chinh vi the dinh hudng sdn
14 So 05.2011
xudt den LED la mdt trong nhiing myc tieu chiln lupc ciia LNT nham tao ra san phdm ling dyng vdo ddi sdng, phyc vy chuong trinh tiet kiem nang lupng cua Nhd nudc.
Thyc te hien nay, nudc ta chua cd ngdnh cdng nghe vi mach dien tii vd cung chua cd nhieu nghien ciiu trong ITnh vuc vdt lieu vd linh kien bdn ddn, trong khi
dd tdm quan trpng cua ngdnh cdng nghiep vi mach ndy da vd dang ddng vai trd quyet dinh trong viec ldm gidm gid thdnh vd tang chiic ndng hoat ddng ciia tdt cd he thdng dien tir, cdng nghe thdng tin, vien thdng vd ty ddng hod.
Nguyen nhdn cua kit qud tren phdn ldn la do cdc han che, ddnh gid trong ITnh vyc bdn dan.
Thiet nghT Nha nudc
can cd nhieu chinh sach ddu tu cho nhirng ITnh vyc nay nhu: thyc hien chinh sdeh gidm thul, khuyen khich nhieu cdng ty tham gia hpp tdc nghien ciiu sdn xudt
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cdc sdn phdm ndy.
D I khdng lang phi cdng trinh hiiu ich ndy
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can cd sy gan ket giua cdc doanh nghiep vd cdc CO sd vien, trudng.
• T h e g i ^
Sang che cong nghe nano trong 40 nam (1970-2011): Nam 1998 cd 167 sang che; nam 1999 co 354 sang chi; nam 2000 cd 597 sang chi;
nam 2008 cd 4485 sang che. Cd the ndi giai doan tir nam 2001 den nam 2010 la "thdi ky nano"; 09/2011 cd 35.980 sang che.
Sang che ve vat lieu nano (1970-2011): Nam 1999 cd 30 sang chi; nam 2000 cd 100 sang chi; nam 2003 cd 571; dinh cao la nam 2005 cd 841 sang che.
Nhirng linh vyc co so lirong sang ehe nhieu nhat:
- San xuat tdng hop vat lieu nano dua tren cac phan ung hda hoc cd 2.339 sang che.
- Cac quy trinh cdng nghe van hanh, san xuat vat lieu nao cd 1.053 sang che.
- Ung dung cua nano trong ITnh vuc dien cd 593 sang che.
- U'ng dung ciia nano phuc vu ddi song con ngudi trong ndng nghiep, y
r r
te... cd 396 sang che.
Cac quoc gia co luang sang che- ung dung cong nghe nano nhieu nhat: Trung Quoc (China-3.391); Han Qudc (Korea -772); My (United States-435); Nhat (Japan-327); Diic (Delaware-39).
Thanh Binh
Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Binh Dirong 15
