HQI NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C LAN THUT N H A T vg VAN D O N G HI^'N M A U TINH NGUYf N
KHAO SAT KIEN THOC, THAI OO
VA HANH VI VE HIEN MAU TINH NGUYEN NAM 2009
Ngd Mynh Quan*, Ly Ihi Hao*, Bach Quoc Khanh*, Pham Tuan Duong*, Nguyen Anh Tri*, Paul Roger**, Cong ty TNS TOM TAT
Myc tieu: Khao sat thyc trang kien thii'c, thai dp va hanh vi ciia ngydi dan ve hien mau tinh nguyen (HMTN); Tim hieu cac yeu td thiic day va han che hanh vi HMTN. Doi tu'dng va phu'dng phap nghien cii'u: Nghien ciTu dUdc thyc hien d 2.500 ngudi trong dp tud'i hien mau thudc 7 nhdm ddi tydng d 5 thanh phd Idn. Ket qua: Ty le cd nhan thirc day dii ve HMTN la 25%, mirc trung binh la 55% va 20% d mirc han che. Cd 33% ngydi cd thai dp rat tich eye, 38%
cd thai dp tich eye, 23% cd thai dp binh thydng va 4% cd thai dp tieu eye. Trong 1.500 ngydi hien mau (HM) cd 49% ngydi hien mau tiep trong vdng 3 - 6 thang; 39% ngydi HM trong khoang 6 - 1 2 thang; 13% HM lan cuoi tir hdn 1 nam trd len. Cd 5 1 % ngUdi HM fan dau, 52% ngu'di HM khdng thydng xuyen va 65% ngydi hien mau thay the (ngUdi nha) khdng hep hjc HM. Ket luan:
Nhutig yeu td b'ch eye thiic day hanh vi HM dd la sy van ddng tif xa hdi (62.9%), yeu td ve "Idng trac an"
ddi vdi nhuTig ngydi can mau (27.2%) va sy cdng nhan trach nhiem xa hdi (19.2%). Ly do chu^ san sang hien mau la do sire khde kem (27%), qua ban (24%), sd kim tiem/sd bj tiem (20%).
Tu'khda tieng Viet: nhan thirc, thai dp, hanh vl hien mau
ABSTRACT
Knowledge - Attitude - Practice study on voluntary non-remunerated blood donation In
2009
Aim: Investigate knowledge about, attitude toward and practice of voluntary non-remunerated
blood donation; gather motivations for blood donation and key obstacles preventing people from donating blood. Methodology: The survey was conducted on 2.500 donors of 7 blood donor types in 5 major urban areas of Vietnam. Results:
25% of the respondents had "good" knowledge about blood donation, 55% of the respondents had
"fair" knowledge, and a considerably high proportion (20%) of the respondents had "poor"
knowledge. The attitude toward blood donation with "fully positive" "very positive", "fairly positive", and "negative" is respectively 33%, 38%, 23% and 4%. Among 1500 donors, 49% of respondents continue to donate within 3 - 6 months, 39% is within 6 - 1 2 months, whereas 13% of them donated for the last time more than 1 year; the rate of first-time donors, lapsed donors, family donors that do not continue to donate bkxxJ account for respectively 51%, 52% and 65% of each group.
Conclusion: Social movement (62.9%), tiie conpassion on patients (27.2%) and recognition of their own social responsibility (19.2%) are the main factors that actively promote blood donatuion.
However, there are also some reasons for non- donation decision, consisting of having poor health condition (27%), too busy (24%), fear of Injecting needles/ fear of being injected (20%).
Key words: knowledge, attitude, practice, blood donation
I.
OAT V A No f
Khao sat ve nhan thuc, thai do va thuc hanh (KAP) la mot trong nhimg cdng cu de danh gia hieu qua cac chien dich truyen
Vi§n Huyet hoc truySn mau TW;" T6 chCfc y te the gidi Cdng ty TNS Vi§t Nam
Y HQC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC B I | T / 2 0 1 1
thdng chuydn doi hanh vi. Trong cdng tac van ddng va td chirc HM tinh nguyen (HMTN) nuac ta nhiing nam qua, da cd nliidu nghien cim KAP, d nhidu mirc dd, nhidu khu vyc, nhieu ddi tuong klmc nhau; frong dd cd Khao sat KAP toan qudc do Vien chidn luge chinh sach Bd y td va Vien Huydt hpc - Tmyen mau TW phdi hgp thyc hien nam 1999. Dugc sy ho trg cua Td chu-c > td the gioi (WHO), Vien Huydt hgc - Truyen mau TW tidp tuc thyc hien Khao sat ian diu hai tren pham \ i toan quoc vd thyc yang KAP \ c HMTN; tap Uimg a cac thanh phd Idn. Cugc khao sat \hn na> dugc giao cho Cdng ty TNS thyc liien.
Muc tieu nghien ciru:
(l)Khao sat thyc trang kidn thirc, thai do va hanh vi cua ngudri dan vd HMTN.
(2)Tim hieu cac yeu td thuc day va ban che hanh vi HMTN.
II. D6\ TirpNG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CCfU
1. Doi tu'ong nghien cuu:
• Ddi tugng vd cd mdu: Nghien cim dugc thyc hien tren 7 nhdm ddi tugng, gom 2500 ngudi trong do tudi HM, dugc phan bd cu the nhu sau: Nguai chua HM hoac khdng HM, Nguai HM tiem nang, Ngudri HM lan dau, Ngudd HM thudng xuyen: Moi nhdm 500 ngudi; Ngudi HM khdng thudng xuyen 250 ngudi va, Ngudi HM gia dmli/thay the (150 ngudi), Ngudi HM nhan tidn (150 ngudi)
• Phuang phdp chgn mdu: Chpn mau nhieu giai doan (Multiple-stages sampling).
2. Phirong phap nghien cihi:
• Thiit ki nghien cuu: Nghien cuu md
r
ta cat ngang.
• Phuang phdp thu thgp sd lieu:
- Nghien ctJu dinh tinh: Phdng van cap (hai ung vien dugc mdri trong mdt nhdm de phdng vdn sau); sir dung bang ghi am, ga bang, ma hda va xu ly sd lieu.
- Nghien ciru dinh lugng: Sir dung bd cau hdi thiet ke trudc, dya tren bang bidn sd va chi sd dugc soan thao theo muc tieu nghien ciru.
<• Phuang phdp cho diem:
- Diem kien thirc: Dya tren 9 cau hdi chinh, cau tra ldi diing cho cau hdi kidn thiic se nhan dugc tii' 0.5 den 2 diem tiiy theo mirc dp khd/de ciia cau hdi. Cac cau hdi tap trung vao tieu chuan ciia ngudi I IM (6 cau), nguy ca lay benh cua bien mau va tryen mau (2 cau). hien mau khdng cd hai tdi sire khde (1 cau).
Cd 3 mirc dp ddnh gid nhgn Ihuc/kien thirc nhu .sau: Nhan thirc day dii: tir 7 diem trd len; Nhan thirc trung binh: tir 5- 7diem;Nhan thirc kem: dudi 5 didm;
- Tinh diim thdi dp: Phan thai do dugc thiet ke nliam tim bieu thai do ciia DTNC ddi vdi timg quan diem. Ndi dung: (1) Ve hien mau:
Ty nguyen, san sang hien mau khi cd yeu cau hay chi hien mau khi cd ngudi than can mau;
Hien mau la the hien trach nhiem vdi cdng ddng; (2) Ve cdng tac van ddng hien mau d cac ca quan, doan the, trudng hpc; (3) Ve sy ghi nhan cua cdng ddng, qua tang thich hgp; (4) Sg anh hudng tdi sue khde; (5) Cach sir dung mau - lugng mau khdng dugc su dung dung muc dich dieu tri.
Sy ddng y vdi mdi quan diem tich eye hoac khdng ddng y vdi mdi quan diem tieu eye dugc cho +1 diem. Sy ddng y vdi mdi quan diem tieu eye hoac khdng ddng y vdi mdi quan diem tich eye dugc cho -1 diem.
Nhirng cau tra ldi trung lap se nhan dugc 0 diem.
Cd 4 muc dp ddnh gid: Thai dp rat tich eye: tir 8 - 11 diem; Thai dp tich eye: tir 5-7 diem; Thai dp binh thudng: tir 1 - 4 diem;
Thai dd tieu cue: 0 diem.
HQI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C LAN T H Q N H A T WJ VAN B Q N G H\€U M A U TINH NGUYgN
3, Thdi gian, dia diem nghien ciin: d 5 thanh phd lan la: Ha Ngi, Hai Phdng, Da ,.x
• Thdi gian llnrc hi(m: tu thang 4 den NHng, TP Ho Cbi Minh va Can Tha.
thang 7 nam 2009. 4. Phu-ang phip xii' ly so ii?u: Sd lieu
• Dia diem: Nghien cuu dugc thyc hi?n dugc xir ly bang phan mem SPSS.
III. KET QUA NGHIEN CQU
1. C i c dac trung ciia doi tupng nghien curu: (..
Bdng I: Phan bd ddi tugng nghien ciru (F^TNC)
^^^"^----..^Oia phu'dng 061 tu'dng ~~~~~~-—->^
Khdng HM NHM tiem nSng
NHM lan dau NHM thydng xuyen
NHM khdng TX NHM ngydi nha
NHM nhan tien Tong cong
Ha Noi
100 100 100 100 40 30 44 516
Hai Phong
100 100 100 100 40 30 46 514
Dd N^ng
99 101 100 100 40 30 0 470
TP.
HCM 95 105 100 100 40 30 60 530
Can Thd 98 102 100 100 40 30 0 470
Tong
492 508 500 500 200 150 150 2500
Trong ddi tugng nghien cim cd: 46,1% la nam, 53,9,% la nir; dp tudi tir: 18 - 35 chiem 65,6%; tir 36 - 60 tudi chiem 34,4%; trong dd, 28% la sinh vien, 17% la CBVC, 13% la kinh doanh, 5% la cdng nhan, 8% la LDTD va 26% la cac nganh nghd khac. Trinh dp hpc van cua DTNC dugc phan bd nhu sau: Dai hpc/Sau dai hgc chidm 29,2%, Cao dang/THCN chilm 20,9%, PTTH chidm 32%, PTCS chidm 14,8% va 3,1% la bac tidu hgc.
2. Nhan thirc, thai dp va thu-c hinh ve HMTN:
2.1. Nhan thirc ve HMTN:
Dya vao cac cau hdi ca ban de danh gia kien thuc chung ve HMTN, ket qua nghien cuu nay cho thay: cd 25%) ngudi HM cd nhan thuc day dii, 55% cd nhan thiirc trung binh va nhan thuc han che la 20%). Ket qua cu thd trong timg nhdm nhu sau:
Bdng 2: Ty 1^ DTNC cd nhan thuc day du \ 0 HM tinh nguyen
\ ^ Do! tu'dng
Mii'c d K . nhSn thu'cX
NTday du NT trung binh NT han che
Ngu'di khong
HM ( % )
21 56 24
NHM tiem nSng (O/o)
20 61 19
NHM fan tfdu (O/o)
33 51 17
NHM thu'dng
xuyen (O/o)
32 53 15
NHM khdng thu'dng
xuyen ( % )
27 50 23
Ngu'di nhd
HM (O/o)
19 60 21
NHM nh$n tien (O/o)
22 47 31
Tong/
trung binh (»/o)
25 55 20
Cd sy chenh lech kien thuc giira cac nhdm HM, nhdm cd nhan thuc cao ban ca la nhom
HM ian dau (33%), nhdm HM thuang xuyen (32%). Nhdm cd mirc do nhan thirc thip nhit la
nhdm ngudri HM thay the vai 31%.
Y HQC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC BIET/2011
Bang 3: Mdi lien he giua mirc dp nhan thirc va trinh dp hpc vin Trinh do
hoc van Mu'c do
nhan thu'c
Cdmau in) NT day dii
NT trung binh NT han che
Dai hoc/
SDH (O/o)
729 30 52
18
CD/
THCN
(O/o)
523 28
51 21
PTTH
(O/o)
800 24
56
20
PTCS
(O/o)
371 20
59 21
Tieu hoc
(O/o)
77
17
62
21
Tong/
trung binh (O/o)
2500 25 55 20
Ket qua khao sat cho thiy, trong 5 nhdm, nhdm Dai hgc/sau dai hpc cd ty le nhan thirc day du han ca vai 30%) va nhdm cd nhan thirc ban chd la nhdm PTTH vdi 20% va nhdm tieu hoc la 21%).
2.2.Thdi dp doi v&i viec HMTN
Cd 33% ngudri dugc hdi cd thai dp hoan toan tich eye vd HM, 38% cd thai dp rit tich eye, 23% cd thai dp hai tich eye va 4% cd thai dp tieu eye vd HM tinh nguy?n, kdt qua nay dugc the hien cy the dr timg nhdm ddi tugng nghien cuu nhu sau:
Bdng 4: Thai dp ddi vdi HM qua timg nhdm ddi tugng nghien curu
Doi tu'dng
Thai do HMTN
Ngu'di khong HM
(O/o)
NHM tiem nang
(O/o)
NHM lan dau
(O/o)
NHM thu'dng
xuyen
(O/o)
NHM khdng
thu'dng
xuyen ( % )
Ngu'di nha
HM
(O/o)
NHM nhan tfen
(O/o)
Tong/
trung binh
(O/o)
Thai dd rat tich eu'c 17 37 44 45 31 28 33
Thai dd tich eu'c 28 42 39 41 44 39 28 38
Thai dp binh thydng 38 19 16 12 23 26 41 23
Thai dd tieu eu'c 11 19
Tir ket qua tren cho thay, thai dp tieu eye ve viec HM khdng phd bien lam. Thai dp rat tich cue ndi bat a nhdm HM thudng xuyen (45%) va nhdm HM ian dau (44%); thap nhat d nhdm nguoi HM nhan tidn (7%) va nhdm khdng HM (17%).
Bang 5: Thai dp H M cua WY
^^"--^..^.^^ Dja phu'dng Thai do HMTN^^--.,,,^^
Thai do rat tfch eu'c Thai do tfch eu'c Thai dd binh thUdng Thai dd tieu eu'c
vie theo dia phuang
Ha No!
(O/o)
24 38 27 7
Hai Phdng
(O/o)
39 35 20 3
Da Nang
(O/o)
29 47 22 1
TP.
HCM
(O/o)
37 29 23 7
Can Thd ( % )
36 40 20 3
Tong/
trung binh ( % )
33 38 23 4 DTNC tai Hai Phdng cd ty le thai dp rat tich eye cao nhat (39%); tiep den la TP. Hd Chi Minh
HQI NGH! KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C L A N THL/ NHA'T VJ VAN D Q N G HI£'N M A U T I N H N G U Y $ N
(37%); Ha Ndi lii dia phucmg cd so ngucVi I IM cd Ihiii dp rit tich eye dcii vai HM thap nhat so voi cac dia phucmg khac (24"()) \a cd so lucmg iigucVi 1 IM cd thai dp thai dp tieu eye cao nhat ve HM vcVi 7%.
2.3. Hdnh vi HM
Khao siu trong tdng 1.500 doi tugng nghien ciru d ciic nhdm HM khac nhau, cd tdi 49%
ngudi IIM thudng \u>cn Irong vdng 3 - 6 thang; 39% ngucVi IIM Ian cudi trong khoang 6- 12 thang; 13"n HM hln cudi tir hern I nam trd len. Cd 5 1 % ngudi HM lan dau, 52% nguoi HM khdng thudng xu>cn \ a 6 5 % 1 IM gia dinh khdng tiep tuc I IM. Ddi vdi nhdm HM thudng xu> on. CO 40" 0 I IM nhSc lai trong khoang thdi gian tir 4 - 6 thang va 30% trong sd hp tiep tuc hicn nhac lai sau hem 1 nam.
3. Mot so yeu to thiic day vii ban che hanh vi H M T N 3.1. .Mpt sd quan diem tdc dpng tich cue tdi hdnh vi HM Bdng 6: Nhimg quan diC-m tiic ddng tich eye tcVi vice HM
Ddi tufdng
Bien doc lap
Khdng H M (O/o)
N H M t i e m nang (O/o)
N H M fan dau (O/o)
N H M thu'dng
xuyen (O/o)
N H M khdng thu'dng
x u y e n ( % )
N g y d i nha (O/o)
NHM nhan tfen (O/o)
Tong/
tb
(O/o)
Sau HM, NHM cam
thay khde manh hdn 56,7 61,4 70,2 75,2 76 65,3 72,7 67,1
HM giiip tang can 29,3 34,4 49,6 53 53 45,3 48,7 J31
HM giiip tang te bao
mau mdi 76,8 83,1 94,8 95,2 94,5 93,3 85,3 88,3
HM giup giam can 16,9 13,2 5,6 3,4 6,7 83
Hm tdt cho su'c khde 45,9 58,1 76,6 82,2 70,5 59,3 57,3 65,2 Cd 65.2% DTNC tin rang viec HM dugc cho la cd lgi cho ca the. T\ le nay d nhdm HM thudng xuyen cao han rd ret (82.2%) so vdi nhdm HM khdng thuirng xuyen (70.5%) va nhom HM lin diu (76.6%). Khi ngudri HM hidu dugc lgi ich cua HM doi \ di sue khde thi "Phuc lai sue khde" la yeu td thuc day tdt viec HM ciia cac nhdm khac nhau, dac biet la nhimg ngirai HM lan dau va HM tiem nang.
3.2. Mpt so yeu to thuc ddy viec HM
Bdng 7: Mdt sd yeu td thuc day viec HM ciia DTNC
Ddi tu'dng
Bien ddc lap
N H M fan dau
(O/o)
N H M thu'dng
x u y e n (°/o)
N H M khdng
thu'dng xuyen (o/o)
Ngu'di nha (O/o)
Tong/
trung binh
J%1J
Du'dc triic tiep van ddng HM 75,9 74 69 19 62,9
Ldng trac an ddi vdi ngu'di benh can mau 31,3 35,8 22,1 11 27A
Ban be/ngu'di than khuyen khich, ru re 28 25,2 31 4,1 25_-
HM la trach nhiem 21,9 23,8 22 5,8 19A
Y HQC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SO OAC B!ET/2011
Nghe van ddng qua cac phydng tien TTOC hoac tai cac diem HM
Ban be/ngudi than can mau
17 0
26 3
22,9 2
3,2 84
18,3 10,2
Yeu td thuc day HM "do sy van ddng tir xa hdi" - ddng lyc ben ngoai la 62.9%;
27.2% la nhirng yeu td thuc day ben trong dd la ldng trac an ddi vdi nhung ngudi can mau, la sy cdng nhan trach nhiem xa hdi chiem 19.2%; 18.3%.la nghe thdng tin qua cac phuang tien thdng tin dai chung hoac tai cac diem HM luu ddng. Day la nhimg > eu td thuc day ngudi khdng HM tra thanh ngudi HM.
3.3. Mpt so ly do cdn trd HM d nhdm khdng HM vd HM tiem ndng
Cac ly do sire khde kem, qua ban, sg kim tiem/sg bi tiem, nhung thac mac ve I IM chua dugc lam sang td la nhirng ly do dugc dua ra nhieu nhat d nhdm nhii'ng ngudi khdng HM
\a HM tiem nang, vdi cac ty le ian lugt la:
27%, 24%, 20%.
Ly do khong hien mau
IT&ng c^ng
T6I CO nhiiu nghi ngd' ve viec hien mau nhung to!
kh6ng bilt hoi ai di ling siing to chung Kh6ng biet hien mau d dau 8 9 kim tiem/ s? bj tiem
891 mau So khong khi benh vi?n S7 ring vi^c hien mau gay ra thieu miui giam .
SLTC khoe/ c6 hai cho sii'c khoe ' ^ s SornhSn vl§ny te khong nhl#t tinh/ doi xirt^/
thiiu ky ning Qui b|n Nhung lin hiin miu kh6ng thuin tl^n Boi v) c6 sij-c khoe kim Khong diroc khuyin khich tai noi lam viec/ khdng
al hoi Chi hiin miu neu ngu'di thin / ban be cin Gia dinh khdng cho pMpI khuyen khdng nin hiin miu
Biiu dd 1: Mdt so ly do khdng HM ciia DTNC
Hien miu | tiim ning
24
17
29 12
17
' %
IV. BAN LUAN
Ty le cd NT day du vd HMTN d nhdm ngudi HM lin dku vk HM thudrng xuyen kha cao, lan lugt la 33%, 32%; trinh dp hpc van cd lien quan rat nhidu tdi nhan thirc, ngudi cd trinh dp hgc vdn cao cd muc do nhan thuc cao ban, vdi 30% ngudri HM cd nhan thirc
day du cd trinh dp hpc van tir dai hpc trd len.
Nhan thirc day du cd thd dan tdi thai dp tich eye va hanh vi phii hgp, tuy nhien hanh vi HM cdn phu thudc vao nhieu ydu td khac, trong nghien cuu nay, ly do phd bien khien nlidm HM tidm nang, nhdm khdng HM chua sEn sang tham gia HM la do sue khde kem
Hpl NGHj KHOA HQC T O A N Q U 6 C LAN THlf NHA'T vg V A N P Q N G HlfeN MAU TINH NGUYgN
(27%), qua ban (24%), sg kim ticm/sg bj V. KET LUAN
tiem (20%). Ty lc nay thap ban so nghien Dieu tra cat ngang dr 2500 doi tugng tir ciru nhu tren d mdl so dia phuang dugc thyc 5 thanh pho ldm, ket qua cho thay:
hi?n nam 2007, cd 76,9% ngai anh huang tdi 1. Ty Ip DTNC cd nhan thirc diy du la sue khde. 14,9% sg dau khi HM [4]. Trong 25%, 55%) cd nhan thirc dr muc trung binh va ket qua nghien ciru nay cd diem dang mirng 20%) d mirc dp han che. Nhdm cd hpc win la \di nhdm IIM thudng xuycn, cd tdi 40% cao ban cd ty le nhan thirc cao ban ve HM, HM nhac lai trong khoang thiiri gian tu 4 - 6 nhdm cd trinh dp Dai hgc/sau dai hpc cd ty 1?
thang \ il 30% trong sd hg tiep tuc hicn nhac nhan thuc day du la 30%. 33%) cd thai dp rdt lai sau han 1 nam. tich eye, 38%) cd thai dp tich eye ve HMTN.
Ket qua nghien ciru cho thay, hau nbu Trong long so 1.500 ngudri da timg HM, co cac nhdm nghien cim deu cd thai dp tich eye tdi 49% HM thudrng xuyen; 39%) ngudi HM doi vdi HM, cd tdi 45% ngudi HM thudng lan cuoi trong khodng 6 - 1 2 thang; 13% HM xuyen cd thai dp rat tich eye va 44% ngudi lan cuoi tir hem 1 nam trd len. CJ nhdm HM HM lan dau. Tuy nhien, cd nhicu mirc dp the thudrng xuyen, cd 40% HM nhic lai trong hi?n thai dp khac nhau giira bai thanh phd khoang thdri gian tu 4 - 6 thang va 30% trong Idn, Ha Npi (38%) va Tp. HCM (29%) ty 1? so bp tidp tyc hidn nhic lai sau hom 1 nam.
ngudri cd thai dp tich eye thap ban so vdi 2 2. Nhumg yeu td tich eye thuc day hanh thanh phd Tp. Da Ning (47%)va Can tha vi HM dd la sy van ddng tir xa hdi - ddng lire (40%). Chi cd 24% ngudi HM dr Ha Ndi cd ben ngoai (62.9%); 27.2% la nhimg ylu t6 thai dp rat tich eye - ty le phan tram thap thiic day ben trong la "ldng trac an" ddi voi nhit so vdri cac thanh phd khac. Trong khi nhOmg ngudri cin mau, la sy cdng nhan trach dd, 7%) ngudri HM d Ha Ndi va thanh pho Hd nhiem xa hpi chidm 19.2%. Ngugc lai, cac Chi Minh ty le cao nhat so vdri cac thanh phd yeu to nhu sire khde kem, qua ban, sg kim khac, cd thai dp tieu eye. Mac dii vay, Tp. Hd tiem/sg bj tiem, nhumg thic mac ve HM chua Chi Mmh lai la nai cd sd lugng mau thu dugc dugc lam sang td la nhumg ly do can trd cao nhat so vdi cac thanh phd khac. ngudi chua HM va HM tiem nang tham gia
Mdt ket qua dang luu y khac trong nghien HM.
ciiru nay cho thay, cd 65.2%) ngudri HM coi HM
la cd lgi cho ca the. Ty le nay d nhdm HM j ^ | u l y THAM KHAO
thudmg xuyen cao ban rd r?t (82.2%) so vdi i Ngo Manh Quan, Nguyen Dire Thuan, Cii nhdm HM khdng thudng xuyen (70.5%; Thj Lan Anh, Nguyen Anh Tri (2007), p<0.001) va nhdm HM lan dau (76.6%; Thyc tr^ng nh^n thirc, thai dp va thyc hanh p<0.001). Dd khuyen khich sy tich eye HM ve HM tinh nguy?n cua cdn bp chien sy mpt hong cpng ddng thi ydu td vd lgi ich sire khde la don vj quan dpi nSm 2007- Y hgc thifC hdnh, mdt ddng luc tdt de dua vao cac chuang trinh so 2/2008, 671-679.
hmydn' thdng, van ddng HM. Ben canh dd, 2. Ngo Manh Quan va cs (2008), Thyc tr^g nhimg ydu td khac tir'phia ngoai ciing cin chu "^^n thuc, thai dp va thyc hanh ve W^ tin 4- I, ' . » » *_.*•- i u - j « i ' 4_i nguyen cua lanh dao cpng dong tai Ha Mpi, trpng nhu: van dpng tryc hep, khai day long trac „^^/X: A ^/r.u DU.-. A « . ^ oor^i. v hoc an, trach nhiem xa hdi cua ca nhan va cung cap
cac thdng tin ve nhu cau mau.
Bic Giang va VTnh Phuc nam 2007- Y hoc thyc hanh, t^p 344 - so 2/2008.
Y HQC VIET NAM T H A N G 12 - SOOAC BI^T/2011
4.
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vi ve HM tinh nguyen ciia thanh nien tai Ha Npi, Bic Giang va VTnh Phuc,(2008), Y hgc
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KHAO SAT NHAN
THOC,THAI DO VA HANH VI VE HIEN MAU IINH NGUYEN CUA NGimi DAN TRONG DO TU03 ^lEN MAU TAI HA NOI
Nguydn Diirc Thuan*, Bui Vu Kieu Trang**
Cao Chi Cudng*, Tran Qudc Hung***
SUMMARY
Through the desciptive and analytic research (combining qualitative and quantitative analysis) with 1002 objects belonging to the age of giving blood In 4 kinds of careers in Ha Nol, It shows that majority of people just get inadequate knowledge of giving blood. 42.3% has limited information, 38.9% has bad knowledge and just 18.8% has right perception about blood donation.
The age of 18-25 Is the best. The repeating donors have better knowledge than the first. The positive factors for changing donating blood behavior are:
adequate perception, right attitude about blood donation; blood donation days In working places and schools; proposal or Invlati'on to give blood; and supported by relatives. The factors obsti-ucting donating behavior are: being tired last time; waiting long; unsuitable time; being unhappy of servicing quality at donation place. The main channels about blood donation are: internet, TV, working places, schools, proparagating people and Invitation leti:ers.
I. OAT VAN OE
Khao sat nhan thirc, thai do va hanh vi
* Trung tam Mau ChO Thap dd Vidt Nam;
ve hien mau tinh nguyen (HMTN) la hoat ddng dugc tidn hanh thudmg xuyen nham danh gia hieu qua hoat ddng cua cdng tac van ddng HMTN, ddng thdri la ca sd quan trpng dd xay dyng cac chuang trinh phat trien ngudn ngudri hien mau an toan tai cdng ddng.
Trong nhirng nam qua, da cd nhieu cdng trinh tidn hanh didu tra, khao sat ve nhan thuc, thai dp va hanh vi cua ngudi dan ndi chung va thanh nien ndi rieng ve HMTN.
Tuy vay, tir nam 2007 den nay chua cd dieu tra khao sat mdt each cd he thdng vd vin dh nay d cac ddi tugng ngudri dan trong dp tudi HMTN tai Ha Ndi. Dd tai "Khdo sdt nhdn thuc, thdi dp vd hdnh vi vi hiin mdu tinh nguyin cua ngudi ddn trong dp tudi hiin mdu tgi Hd Npi" nhim cac muc tieu sau:
1. Md ta thyc trang nhan thuc, thai dp va hanh vi ve HMTN d ngudi trong dp tuoi hien mau tai Ha Ndi.
2. Danh gia tac ddng ciia mdt sd yeu td tich cue va ydu to can trd viec thay ddi hanh
• Dai hoc Cdng Dodn
