HOA - CHE BIEN D A U KHi
NGHIEN CLTU CHE TAO CHAT KHLT NHU DE T A C H NLTOC KHOI D A U THO N H A M O A M B A O YEU c A u VE CHAT LUONG D A U THO
TRONG QUA TRlNH KHAI T H A C
ThS. Le Thii Sdn', ThS. Tran Thanh Phuang', ThS. VO A n \ ThS. Tran Hiing San' ThS.Ta Quang Minh',ThS. PhanTrong Hieu', KS. Cao Huy Hiep',ThS.Vu Ngoc Dogn' ' Vien Ddu khi Viet Nam
'Hoc Vien ky thugt Quan sU Email: [email protected]
Trong nghien edu ndy, chdt khd nhu cho nhu tuemg tU nhien gidn H/ISP801-819 Bgch Hoduac tong hop tU polymer keo tu, dung moi vd chdt xde tien. Dt/a tren ket qud thUc nghiem, nhdm tdc gid dd lUa chgn ra edc thdnh phan toi lAi cho chdt khd nhu. Nhdm tdc gid ddxde dinh tinh ndng eda chdt khd nhu dUa trin quy trinh hUdng ddn thd nghiem c6a Lien doanh Viet - Nga "Vietsovpetro" (l-VC-03 VSP) vd so sdnh, ddnh gid hieu qud phd nhu vdi chdt khd nhu thUang mai dang dUUc sddung. Ket qud ddnh gid cho thdy, chdt khd nhd ehe tao tUctng hap tdt vdl hda phdm deoiler va c6 hieu qud phd nhd tucfng dUcfng vdi hda phdm thUUng mgi d ndng do thd nghiem 10Oppm.
TUkhda: Chdt khd nhu, eong thde ehat khd nhu, chdt khd nhu tan trong ddu.
1 . Gidi thieu
NhlJ tUdng nUde trong d i u thd hinh thanh trong q u i trinh khai thic, gay i n mdn dudng ong, thiet bi va tang chi phf cho q u i trinh v i n chuyen, che bien. PhUdng phap chu yeu de khCr nhu tUPng nude trong dau tho la sCf dyng hda chit [1 -4], nhUcac ehlt khtf nhij loai anion, cation, nonion hole eac hpp ehlt ludng tfnh [5]. Cac hpp chat anion co gia thanh sin xuat t h i p va de che tao, song rlt nhay vdi sUthay ddi pH va thanh phan muoi khoing co mat trong dau tho.
Cic chit khCr nhu noion co can bang ua nude - Ua d i u dUdc sCr dung pho bien hPn do khong b| t i c dpng bdi sUthay doi pH va thanh p h i n muoi khoang cua moi trudng. Cac loai hpp chit polymer eo chu'a dong thdi nhom na Ude va Ua d i u di lis phin ilng ngUng tu cCia ethylene oxide (Ua nUdc) va propylene oxide {Ua diu) dUde sd dung chu yeu lam chat khCf nhij trong eong nghiep dau khf tCr sau chien tranh the gidi thu'2. Hien nay, cie hpp chat polymer hoat dong be mat di tii d i n x u l t alcoxylate la loai chat khuf nhu tUdng nude trong d i u tot nhat [4, S, 14-19]. Tuy thupc v i o ban chat dau thd 6 tiing ndi, cic polymer niy co the sCf dung ket hpp vdi mpt so loai hpp chat anion hoac cation theo t^' le nhat djnh de dat duoc hieu q u i khCf nhu cao nhat.
Theo du b i o sin lupng khai thac cua Vietsovpetro, nhu cau sCf dung hoa pham khi^nhueuadonvi n i y trong thdi gian tdi khoing tren 500 tin/nam. Hi§n nay, loai hoa pham khCf nhu n i y dang dUPe nhap khau tii nude ngoai vdi gia t h i n h cao. Cd mpt so cong trinh nghien cilu trong nudc ve phuong p h i p t i c h nhu tuong nudc trong dau eho i 32 DAU KHi-S6 12/2014
ket qua ve dp ben nhu, nong dp gidi han eua nhu tuong, t h i n h phan tao nhiJ tuong t u nhien i n h hudng den do ben nhu v i m6t so ket q u i danh gia hieu q u i tinh nang cua c h i t khCr nhu doi vdi d i u tho Bach Ho... Tuy nhien, tJ le SLf dung hoa pham khCf nhu de xCf ly dau thd Bach Ho trong cac nghien cijru n i y r l t Idn so vdi hoa pham khirnhu thuang mai hien nay (khoing 25 - 40g/tln).
Tr^n thuc te, sU thay doi t^ le nUde, muoi trong dau tho dan den sU thay doi tinh chat va thanh p h i n nhiJ tUPng. Do d6, d i e tinh cua cac ehlt khijf nhu can phai thay doi cho phu hpp. Vi vay, nhom t i c g i l tap trung nghien eUu to hpp chat khii nhu dap u'ng dupc cae yeu clu ky thuat, cd hieu qua tuong dUdng sin p h l m thuong mai dang silr dung va canh tranh ve gia thanh. DUa tren dS xuat cua nghien eu\j trudc day, dong c h i t khCf nhiJ sil dung pho bien hien nay tren the gidi, cic thanh phan CO b i n trong cong thufc khCr nhu tuong thuang mai dang sCi dung tai cae gian khai t h i c trong nude v i tfnh kinh te - ky thuat cua c i c hoa pham, nhom t i e g i i t$p trung ehe tao, danh gia ehlt khCf nhu dUa tr#n cac thanh phan sau: Hpp chat cd tfnh nang keo tu {nhu polymef phenolalkyi ethoxylate formaldehyde, copolymer EO/PO, ethylene diamine alcoxylate); hdp ehat cd hoat tfnh pha lien dien cao, khuech tan nhanh (nhu sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfonate) va cac loai dung moi dan (nhu xylene/methanol, xylene/propanol-2;
xylene/butanol-2, naphtha aromatic/methanol, naphtha aromatic/propanol-2, naptha aromatic M.it->,i>o|-2)
2. ThiTc nghiem
Nhom t i c gia xay dung tleu ehf danh gia, lUa chpn thanh phan trong chat khil nhu:
Polymer keo tu: Khoi lUpng phan td, chf so tan tUong doi (RSN), he so phan bo d i u - nudc, sUe cang be mat phan chia dau nudc, tfnh lUu bien be mat phan chia dlu-nudc, toc dp khuech t i n , k h i nang p h i nhu theo Quy trinh hudng d i n thCr nghiem l-VC-03 VSP eua Vietsovpetro;
Chit xue tien: Chi so tan tUong doi (RSN), he so p h i n bo d i u - nude, sCfe eang be mat phan chia d i u nUdc, tfnh luu bien be mat p h i n chia dau - nudc, toe dp khuech tan, k h i nang cpng hudng cCia ehlt xiJic tien len tinh nang cua polymer keo t u ;
Dung moi dan: Toe dp khuech tan khi dung moi dupc hoa tan v i o cic thanh phan polymer keo tu va c h i t xue tien d i lUa ehpn.
Sau khi lUa chpn duoe cic t h i n h phan polymer keo tu, ehlt xue tien va dung moi dan, nhom t i e gia tien hanh toi Uu hda ty le cae thanh p h i n b i n g phupng p h i p quy hoaeh thue nghiem.
2.1. Cdc phuung phdp xde dinh tinh chat cde thdnh phan trong chdt khd nhu
2.1.1. Xac dinh khdi lugng phdn td polymer
Khoi luong phan tCf polymer dUdc xae dinh dUa tren phUPng p h i p p h i n tfch sac ky loai tri/ kfch thude (GPC/
SEC). Thiet bj GPC/SEC sCi dung de xac djnh khoi lUdng p h i n td la he thong ViscotekTDAmax.TrUdc khi phan tich, nhom t i c g i i da ti^n h i n h lap dudng ehuan de xac djnh su phan bo khoi lUpng p h i n tCf theo thdi gian lUu dUa tren ehlt da bi^t d i i khoi lupng p h i n tii, sau dd p h i n tich mau thue te. DUa tren thdi gian luu thuc te eua mau phan tieh ap theo dudng ehuan da lap de xae djnh khoi lUpng phan tii thuc te cua mau. Cic thong tin co the nhan biet dyiCc tii q u i trinh p h i n tfch gom; so khoi lupng moi trung binh
(MJ, khoi lupng moi trung binh khoi lupng ( M J , khdi lUPng moi trung binh (MJ.
2.1.2. Chi so tan tuang dot
Cho l g san pham c h i t khCf nhtj hoa tan trong 30ml hon hpp dung moi chuan (dung moi chUa 2,6% toluen va 97,4% EGDE). Cho tif tif nudc vao hon hpp dung moi nay giong nhu qua trinh chuIn dp va diem cudi ma d do dung djch x u l t hien diem due. Gii trj RSN la t h i tfch nUdc eIn de tao diem due trong hon hpp. Vi vay, khi chi sd RSN eing cao tinh Ua nude cCia sin p h l m cang tang. Cac chat khCf nhu Ua nude khdng dUdc khuyen khfch sCf dung bdi ehung se di chuyen vao pha nUde trong suot qua trinh tach pha vi vay doi hoi p h i i co q u i trinh xCf ly nUdc tiep theo.
2.1.3. Xde djnh sdc cang bi mat phan chia ddu - nude SUc cang be m i t giao dien hai pha la sd do nang lUpng tiep xue be m i t tao ra tif su mat c i n bang lUc giOa cic p h i n tCf 6 be mat tiep xue, dupc xie dinh bang phUdng trinh:
y = -^ H) y: Siic cang b^ mat hai pha;
P: He sd hinh dang;
Ap: Su khae nhau glUa t;^ trpng hai c h i t long;
g: Hing sd hap d i n ;
R^: Bin kfnh cong cua glpt ehlt long;
He sd hinh dang eo the dUdc xie dinh tif phUdng trinh Young- Lapiace:
Ifmh 1. Sodd nghien ciiu che tao char lihdnhu Hmh 2 lh,pi bi do sue cang bi moi phdn chia dau - nUdc
Dill KHl-SO 12/2014 3 3
HOA - CHE BIEN D A U KHI
Thiet bj do sufc cang be mat giao dien hai pha nUdc va mdi trudng dau dupc the hien trong Hinh 2.
2.1.4. Do tinh luu bien be mat phan chia dau - nUde Thiet bj gdm mot xilanh hinh tru eo the dieu chinh chfnh xac kfeh thude giot, dudng kinh trong eCia dau kim 7,1 mm. Mpt thiet bi kinh hien vl dien tif nam ngang vdi dp phong dai ldn dupe sCfdungde do kfchthudc v i ban kinh eong (R) cCia m i n g d i u 6 b i t ky thdi diem nao (Hinh 2).
Neu Idp mang khdng qua mong, stfc eing mang d i u (Y) b i n g hai lan sUc c i n g pha lien dien mang dau.
Y = 2o (5) Stifc eang m i n g dau tinh theo ap suat mao q u i n va
ban kfnh mang d i u :
ApR (6)
TrUdckhithf nghiem, l i m sach hoan t o i n xilanh b i n g xylene, heptan de loai bo tap c h i t hUu cd. SU co mat ciia tap chit dupc kiem tra b i n g each do su'c cang be mat lien quan giu'a nude loai ion va dodeeane. Sau khi lam saeh, dung djch nudc mudi (nude khai thic) dupe dUa v i o trong xilanh d mUe thfch hpp va dupc dat vao vj tri da thiet ke san cua thiet bi do. D i u kim cua xilanh sau do dupc nhung v i o cuvet thach anh co chda pha dau v i ehlt khCf nhu.
Gipt nude d dau kim xilanh dupe tao ra bang each nen i p life v i o piston sao cho chung chuyen dong tis tren xudng theo tifng vach chia do tren xilanh. Ldp mang dau bao quanh giot nudc duac gian nd 6 tdc dp khong ddi, ban kfnh Idp m i n g dupe g i i m sit, su'c cang dpng hpc ldp mang dUpc tfnh toan nhU la ham cua thdi gian. 06 dan hoi mang dong hoc {E) dUOc tinh thong qua do su'c cang dpng hpc va dUdng cong ln(A/AJ:
d \n(A/A„) (7)
Trong do:
A: Dien tfch ldp mang 6 thdi diem tdc thdi;
A^: Dien tfch ldp mang d t h d i diem ban dau.
Lap do thi bieu dien mdi tuong quan giu'a su'c c i n g be mat hai pha va gia tri ln{A/AJ, E l i he so goc eiia dUdng t h i n g dupe thiet lap tU su tUdng quan cua hai bien.
2.1.5. Xde dinh tdc do khuich tan eua chdt khd nhu Ti/sd lieu sde cang be mat pha lien dien dpng hpc (gpi tat l i su'c cing be m i t dpng hpe) theo thdi gian tao giot eo the dupe SLfdung de nghien eUu dpng hoe h i p phu chat khif nhu va tdc dp khuech t i n . PhuPng trinh bieu dien su'c cang be mat dpng hoe v i thdi gian ducfc tfnh theo edng thufc
Trong do:
T: Ndng dp be mat giao dien;
C^: Ndng do ehit khCf nhu d pha lien tuc;
o^: Stfc cang b^ mat tinh;
G^: SiJc cang be mat dpng hpe;
D: Tdc dp khuech t i n ; t: Thdi gian h i p phy.
G i l trj G dupe tinh tif dp ddc cOa dUdng thang tUOng quan giufa su'c cang be mat ttnh va g i i tri InC^ theo phUPng trinh:
\RT/ dinC (9)
Lap dudng t h i n g bleu dien mdi tUdng quan giCfa CT^
va f^''^ tCf dd tinh xac djnh he sd goc cua dudng t h i n g nay.
Tif gia trj he sd goc cua dudng t h i n g va dUa v i o phuong trinh (9), tinh g i i tri D tupng Lfng.
2.1.6. Xde dinh he sd phdn bd cua chdt khd nhu He sd phan bd l i ty le c i n b i n g eiia nong dp chat khiJf nhti (ty le polymer keo tu) trong pha dau (CJ va pha nu6c {CJ va dupe the hien b i n g bleu thufc:
Kr, Co (10)
2.2. Xde dinh khd ndng phd nhd theo Hudng dan thd nghiem l-VC-03 VSP
Mau thif nghiem la hon hpp mau nhu tupng tU nhien MSP801-819 Bach Hd. Gia nhiet mau den nhiet dp 50- 60°C, lie manh de dong n h l t mau. Chuan bj dung djch 10% hoa pham khCt nhu vdi dung mdi xylene. Cho moi mau d i u phan tfch (lOOml/mau) vao tifng dng thCiy tmh (hinh cdn cd vach ehia do) va chuyen vao be dn nhiet, duy tri d nhi^t dp 60°C trong khoing 15 phijt. BOm hda phlm khCr nhu vdi cac djnh lupng SOppm, 1 OOppm, 1 SOppm vao cae dng nghiem ehtfa mau dau c i n t i c h nude. De mot dng nghiem chda m i u trang {khdng cd hda pham) de dinh g i i dp ben nhu eiia mau. V i n chat cic nut dng nghiem va lie deu trong khoing 3 phut. Nhiing cic dng nghiem trd lai be dn nhiet v l duy tri d nhiet do 60°C.
Theo ddi, xac dinh v i ghi chep lUdng nudc tich ra trong cic dng nghiem sau cic khoing thdi gian nhat dinh;
Thdi gian thCf nghiem ket thue khi lUdng nudc tich ra khong co sUthay ddl;
34 DAU KHt-SO 12/2014
Sau khi ket thOc thCf nghiem, tien h i n h xac djnh h i m lUdng nUdc cdn lai;
Rot dung mdi xylene vdi mirc 50% vao eae dng thiiy tinh cCia may ly tam;
Dung xilanh lay 50% phan mau dau cich be mat p h i n chia d i u - nude 10-15mm cho vao eic dng nghiem tren. Cho them 1 gipt nho chat khCf nhu F46, lac deu eic dng t h i j y t i n h d t r e n ;
Dat cae dng thuy tinh v i o m i y quay ly t i m , cho m i y quay vdi van tdc 2.000 vdng/phut trong 10 phut;
Ope va ghi lai ham lUdng nUde cdn lai.
Hoac dUng xilanh l l y khoing 30 - 40ml phan mau d i u cich be mat p h i n chia dau - nudc tU 0 - 1 Smm vao binh eiu ba co 500ml. Cho them 300ml xylene va tien hanh chung e l t de xae dinh ham lupng nude (ASTM D4006).
2.3. So sdnh dnh hudng cua chdt khdnhu che tao v&i hda phdm deoiler
Nude t i e h ra sau q u i trinh khCf nhu nUde/dau b i n g hda pham demulslfier van chu'a mdt lupng dau n h l t djnh d dang nhu tuang dau trong nudc. Hda p h l m sir dung cho q u i trinh xif ly nhu tuang dau/nudc trong nude t h i l nhiem d i u dupe gpi l i deoiler. Ket q u i thCf nghiem tai cie gian CTP-2 v i CTP-3 cua Vietsovpetro cho thay, eie hda pham deoiler sau khi sif dung cd hieu q u i t i c h dau trong nUde thai dat tieu ehuan eho phep.
VI viy, ddi vdl hoa p h l m khif nhu che tao, eIn p h i i thCf nghiem danh g i l tfnh tUPng thich vdi hda p h l m deoiler dang dupe thCf nghiem cong nghiep tai mot sd gian khai t h i c ciia Vietsovpetro. Quy trinh d i n h gia mii'e dp tUdng thieh giUa hda pham khtf nhu ehe tao (CT-1 v l CT-2) vdi hda pham deoiler {RBW-517) nhu sau:
Chuan bj nudc thai nhiem d i u : Mau d i u hon hpp 8dng 1. Khoi iUong phan lifvahe:
801 -819 dupc SLf dung l i m ddi tUpng thif nghiem. NUdc dupe t i c h khdi dau thd b i n g cae loai hda phi'm khuf nhu la CT-1, CT-2 va hda p h l m thuong mai DM0 86318 6 cung ndng dp 10Oppm trong 2 gid. Ket q u i thu dupe 3 mau nude thai, sau do xlc djnh tong lupng dau trong 3 mau b i n g phupng phap h i p thu UV.
Xif ly nude thai nhiem dau b i n g hoa pham deoiler;
Cho them lOppm hda pham deoiler vao tUng mau nudc t h i i (da dupc dung trong 3 binh khic nhau), lie deu. Sau 20 phut, lay phan nUde dgiUa binh v i xie djnh ham lupng dau eon lal.TUdo danh g i i v i so sinh i n h hudng eiia hda phi'm khCf nhu ehe tao, hda pham khif nhu thuong mai den hieu q u i xif ly cCia hda p h l m deoiler.
3. Ket qua thdo luan
3.1. Kit qud ddnh gid lUa chgn polymer keo tu Trong chat khU nhu tUong thupng mai, polymer khdi luong phan tuf Idn hay polymer keo tu dupe eho la thanh p h i n CO tinh nang quan trpng nhat. Cae polymer nay khi p h i n tan trong d i u tho cd t i c dung lam thay doi su'c cang be m i t giOa cic gipt nUde va lam m i t on djnh he thdng nhu tuong nUde/dlu b i n g each tham Udt va pha vd ldp mang bao quanh eic hat nhu tuang. Mot yeu td r l t quan trpng eua eic loai polymer n i y la vai trd keo tu. Nhd luc tuang tac p h i n tuf (lUc hiit giu'a cic dai p h i n tit polymer) cie gipt nudc se tien lai g i n nhau hon tao hien tUPng keo t u . . . Cic loai polymer sif dung trong nghien cdu k h i nang khif nhu nude/dlu (Bang 1).
Qua trinh lUa chon n l y dUa tren eic ddng chat polymer trong cae eong thu'c khuf nhu tUdng thuong mai stf dung phd bien hien nay. Cae polymer nay da phan l i cic hpp ehlt khdng ion di tuf d i n xuat alcoxylate. Theo nghien cu'u [4,5,8,9], cac loai polymer khong ion co kha nang dn dinh cao trong mdi trudng cd ham lupng muoi khoing Idn, k h i so phdn bdcdc ioai polymer to tu
Loai polymer
Alkylphenol alcoxylate formaldehyde
EO/PO block copolymer
Ethylene diamine alcoxylate
Khoi luang (g/mol) 10.000 80.000 120.000 1 0 ^ 0 80.000 120.000 10.000 80.000 120.000
HesoKp
10,3 9,5 1J^5 10,8
Kyhieu PAI _ P A 2 PA3
EP3 EDI ED2 ED3 DAU KHi-sd 12/2014 3 5
HOA - C H ^ B|£'N D A U K H I
n i n g khuf nhu hieu q u i ddi vdi hat nhu tUong co do phan t i n eao.Tuy nhien, hieu qua t i e h nhu ciia cic loai polymer phu thudc nhieu v i o khdi lupng phan tuf. De nghien cufu anh hudng nay, nhdm t i e gia xac djnh khoi luang p h i n tif polymer keo tu dUa tren phUdng p h i p phan tfch sic ky loai trii kfch thudc. Hinh 3 va 4 I I ket q u i p h i n tieh khdi lUdng p h i n tuf cua PAI.
Ket qua xac djnh khdi lupng p h i n tif trung binh M^
euia cic polymer keo tu duoe the hien trong Bing 1, eac loai polymer sif dung trong nghien eufu la 3 loai khac nhau di tU dan xuat alcoxylate. Moi loai polymer khao sat deu cd d i i phan tCf lupng phan bd rong tU 10.000 -120.000g/
moi va cho phep d i n h gia I n h hudng ciia khdi lupng p h i n tif den k h i n i n g keo tu. Mpt yeu td khac xlc djnh ddng thdi vdi khdi lupng p h i n tif 11 k h i nang p h i n t i n cCia polymer trong pha d i u . MCfc do p h i n tan hay k h i nang tUPng hpp trong moi trudng dau hoac nUde cua cic loai polymer trong c h i t khtf nhu duac xae dinh thong qua do chi sd tan tUdng ddi. Bing 1 cho t h i y cae loai polymer tren cd ehi sd tan tUdng ddi t h i p trong khoing tuf 7,5 - 11,5, do dd tuang hop tdt vdi d i u tho hay tan h o i n toan trong pha d i u .
Hl^u q u i polymer keo tu trong vai trd ket tu t i c h pha nude the hien qua mdi lien quan giCfa cic yeu td:
k h i n i n g t i c h pha nudc (thdi gian t i e h , h i m luong sif
Hinh 3. Ihdi gian iifu cua PA i
Uog khoi luong p h i n tCr vs The lich lu'u
13.0 14,0
1,30- 1,17- 1.04- 0 , 9 1 - 0.78- 0,65- 0,52- 0,39- 0,26- 0,13—
2 0
WF/dUog M vs Log kho
i
/ 1 J / 1
J M„
1
3,0
i/Ong phan t i l
•,
\
\
\
\
1 \
\
Mw Mz \
1
4,0
1
5,0 Hinh 4. Qudng chuan vd fe'f qud xde dinh
Bang 2. Morsdimh choi cua nhu luang tunhienMSP801-819 Bach Ho Cac c h i t i e u
Ham l u a n g nhUa, asphaltene (%kl) Ham l u p n g paraffin (%kl) Ham l u o n g nudc {%V)
€)6 n h d t 50°C (cSt) Ty t r o n g , d"'4 C a ' * (mg/l) t r o n g pha nUdc Na* {mg/D t r o n g pha nudc Mg^* (mg/l) t r o n g pha nudc Fe^* (mg/l) t r o n g pha nudc Cl" (mg/l) t r o n g pha nudc S04^" (mg/l) t r o n g pha nudc T o n g m u o i (mg/l) t r o n g pha nUdc
Phuong phip Chiet dung moi Sac ky khi ASTM D4006
ASTM D445 ASTM D1289 Chuan dp
AAS Chuan do Chuan do Chuan do Chuan do Tdng chat ran hoa tan
Ket q u i 1,4 21,2 16,0 0,9124
1.643 7.300 24,4 3,04 19.596
216 25.448 3 6 OitUKHi-S6l2/2D14
dung, % pha nude taeh ra) vdl tdc dp khuech t i n ciia p h i n tif polymer tdi be mat phan ehia nUdc/dau hay tdi Idp mang d i u ; tfnh luu bien mang dau hay k h i nang p h i vd ldp mang cung nhu k h i nang lam thay ddi sife eang be m i t p h i n chia nUde/dlu [6 -13]. PhUPng phap d i n h g i i hieu q u i khif nhu nUdc/dau dupe thuc hien theo Quy trinh hUdng dan thif nghiem I-VC-03-VSP Day la phuong p h i p danh gia hieu q u i khif nhu theo ndng dp ehlt khif nhu, v i cho ket q u i true quan ve hieu qua khuf nhu eiia polymer the hien qua tdc dp tach pha theo thdi gian, mufc do p h i n pha va ham lupng sif dung. Vi vay, nhdm t i c g i l sif dung phuang p h i p nay trude tien n h i m xac djnh hieu qua khuf nhu cua eae ddng sin pham polymer di tif dan xultalcoxylate; tuf do lUa ehpn dupe dong khuf nhu tdt nhat. Nhu tUdng suf dung de d i n h g i i k h i n i n g p h i nhu la loai nhu tuang t u nhien hon hpp MSP801-819 Bach Hd eo tinh c h i t nhu Bing 2.
Ket q u i d i n h g i i k h i nang khuf nhu ciia cie loai polymer keo tu dupc the hien d Hinh 5 va 6.
Hinh 5 va 6 the hien tdc d6 t i e h pha nudc cua cac dong polymer keo tu tren ddi tupng nhti tUPng tuf nhien MSP801-819dn6ng do SOppm va lOOppm, nhiet dp thif nghiem eO'C. Ket q u i so sinh cho t h i y tdc do tach pha cCia cae dong polymer keo t u PA > EP > ED.
Nhu tuong t^rnhien: DSu tha MSP8 01 -819.16% i ndng 36 chat khir nho SOppm, t = 60°C
Ket q u i nay eho thay quy luat ve tdc dp t i c h pha eua eie dong polymer PA ludn cao hon eie ddng EP v i ED. Vi v i y ddng polymer keo tu PA co d i i p h i n tCf lupng khac nhau dupc sif dung de phdi trpn nham muc tieu tao ra to hpp polymer cd tdc dp va hieu q u i tach pha Idn nhlt.
Bing 3 the hien mot so tinh ehit ciia polymer td hpp.
Chat khi^ nhiJ nUdc/dau dat hieu q u i p h i i tan h o i n toan trong pha dau, the hien d chi sd RSN thap {< 13); cd tdc do khuech t i n cao tdc l i cd k h i nang di chuyen nhanh tdi be m i t p h i n ehia dau nude; cd k h i n i n g l i m suy g i i m manh sUc cang be m i t eua gipt nUdc trong pha d i u va dac biet p h i i eo tinh luu bien be mat p h i n chia t h i p , tUe la k h i nang l i m giam manh dp dan hdi cija ldp mang dau bao quanh cae gipt nUde. Bang 3 cho t h i y tdc dp khuech t i n cua PA3 Idn nhat tuang tifng 42 x lO-^cmVs; PAI cd tdc dp khuech tan nhd nhat 1,20 x 10''cmVs. Tuy nhien, k h i nang g i i m 36 dan hdi m i n g d i u hay tinh lUu bien m i n g d i u cuia PAS lai tUPng ddi cao. PA2 eo tfnh lUu bien mang dau t h i p n h l t nhung tdc dp khuech t i n l i 4,10 x 10'^cmVs thap hon PA3 va cao hdn PAI. Vi vay, cd the lUa chon t^ le phdi trpn giDa PAI, PA2 va PA3 di tao ra mpt t^ le tdi Uu xet tren chi tieu tdc dp khuech t i n va tfnh luu bien mang dau. Vi tdc do khuech tan ciia PAI la ldn nhat, do do ty le phdi tron giiia cac loai polymer dupe xac dinh
I Nhu tifongtunhi&n Dau thoMSPB 01-819,16%nUiSc, nong do chat khU nhO lOOppm, t = e C C
^LjjJHkliki IILyJilllUl
alM>^ ^ " ^ - ^ ™ - ^ — - ^ " ™ ' " ^ ' " ^ ^ M ^ " •; 1(1 l-i ^0 45 60 90 120 Hinh 5. T5c66 khi nhu cua cdc loai polymer keo tusiidung nhu tUOng tu nhien
/i/i5P801-8l9'nhiet do 60% ndng 3d SOppm
Hinh 6. Tdc do khif nhu cua cdc low polymer iieo tu sUdung nhu tuung tu nhien I^SP801-819: nhiet do 60% nong do lOOppm Bang 3. Tinh chdt coban ciia cdc iooi polymer keo tu ddng PA rieng ie vd to hop
PAI PA2 . PAS
PA4 (50% PA3 + 4 0 % PA2 + 10% PAI) PAS (50% PA3 + 30% PA2 + 20% PAI) PA6 (50% PA3 + 10% PA2 + 4 0 % PA 1) PA7 (70% PA3 + 20% PA2 + 10% PAI) PAS (70% PA3 + 10% PA2 + 20% PAI)
SuTc cang be mat (dyn/cm)
8.97 7,56 4,09 5,966 6,107 6,248 5,272 5,413
Tfnh lUu bien (E, dyn/cm)
10.520 7,095 9,738 8,759 9,101 9,444 9,287 9,630
Toc dd khuech tan (D, cmVs) 1.20x10-*
4,10x10-*
42,00 x 10-"
22,76x10-*
22,47x10^
22,18x10^
30,34x10-'' 30,5x10^
DAUKHI RSN
11 9,7 7,9 8,93 9,06 9,19 9,32 8,57
SO 12/2014
HOA - CHE BIEN DAU KHI
Dau tho Bach Ho MSP801 -819, nfing 36 chit khilr nhij 5 Oppm, t = e c c
L L L
5 10
^ ^ I M T I 1 1
• r H T I - l 1 1 I T T U H H H B V f l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
15 30 45 60 90 120 1S0 Thfligian, phOt
V BPAS
r BPA?
[ •PA8
Hinh 7. Toc do khUnhu cua to hap polymer keo tu sUdung nhu tuang tU nhien MSP80h8i9. nhiet do eirc nong do SOppm
Dau th6 B^ch Ho MSP801 - 819, n6ng S^ chSt khCf nhu lOOppm, t = 60°C
Hinh 8. Idc 36 khU nhu cua to h(^ polymer keo tu sddung nho luongiu nhien IVISPSOi-819. nhiet ddeO'C, nong ddiOOppm
Biog 4. Tinh chat ca bdn cua didt XUC tien
Siic cang b^ m a t (dyn/cm)
Tinh luu bien be mat (dyn/cm) Tdc iJo khu^'ch t a n (cmVs) j Chi so t a n t U d n g d o i I He sd p h a n b o Kp
T e n S o d i u m d o d e c y l sulfate (SDS) 5,21 20,405 3 4 x 1 0 - * 15
h i n h p h a n Sodium lauryl ether
sulfate (SLES) 5,67 22,643 I 2 9 x 1 0 - *
15,5
0,02 0,015
Bing 5. Tdc ddng cdng hudng cua chat xue tien len tinh ndng cua polymer keo tu
T e n t h i n h p h a n 9 9 , 7 % P A 4 + 9 9 , 7 % PA4 +
0 , 3 % SDS 0 , 3 % SLES 5",52 5,87 8 ^ 3 8 8,571 2 3 , 1 2 x 1 0 - ' 2 2 , 9 7 x 1 0 - * Ti'nh n a n g
SiJc c a n g be m a t ( d y n / c m ) Tinh lUu bien b e m a t ( d y n / c m ) Toc 36 k h u e c h t a n (cmVs)
dua tren t^ le PAI. Cic ty' le phdi trdn va ket q u i do tinh luu bien mang dau cung nhu tdc do khuech t i n ciia h6n hpp dupc chi ra trong Bing 3. Ket q u i cho thay PA4 ed tinh lUu bien mang d i u nhd n h l t va toe dp khuech tan tUdng ddi cao so vdi eac hdn hdp PAS, PA6, PA7 va PAS. Do vJiy, hon hpp polymer keo tu PA4 dUde suf dung nhu la thanh phan ehinh eho ehat khif nhu ehe tao.
Bang 3 chd t h i y quy luat tfnh c h i t ciia thanh phan chit khuf nhu phu thude v i o ty le phdi trpn. Khi tang f^/ le PAI, tfnh lufu bien mang dau t i n g len theo mpt ty le n h l t djnh.
6 ty le PAI dudi 50%V, toe dp khuech t i n tuong ddi nhd, do vay nhdm t i e g i l khdng khio sit. K^t qua thuc nghiem do tinh luu bien mang d i u v l tdc do khuech t i n cho thay PA4 dat hieu qua tdt nhat.Tuy nhien, hieu q u i ciia c l c t ^ le phdi trdn can p h i i dupe kiem chufng b i n g hieu q u i tich pha cudi eung cung nhu tdc dp t i c h pha. VI vay, nhdm tac g i l tien hanh thCt nghiem hieu q u i pha nhu eCia PA4, PAS, PA6, PA7 va PAS; ddng thdi so sanh vdl PA3 tren mau nhu tuang MSP801 -SI 9 Bach Ho.Tdc dp khCf nhu eua cie td hpp polymer keo tu dupc the hien qua cie Hinh 7 va 8.
Hinh 7 va 8 cho thay, hieu q u i p h i nhu cudi eiJng cuia cac ddng polymer keo tu tren ddi tupng nhu tUang tunhlen MSP801 -819 d ndng dp 50ppm va 10Oppm nhU sau: PA4 >
PAS > PA6 > PA7 > PAS. NhU vay, PA4II td hpp polymer keo tu ed tinh nang tdt nhi't trong q u i trinh khio sit.
3.2. Kit qud ddnh gid lUa chgn chdt xue tien Cic c h i t hoat ddng be mat khdl lupng p h i n tif thap (chat xUc tien) cd k h i n i n g di chuyen nhanh den be mat phan chia nude/dlu, tham ucft v i thay ddi dp dn djnh eiia m i n g d i u tao dieu kien cho eic polymer keo tu xue tien nhanh hdn q u i trinh p h i vd mang dau. Ve b i n ehlt, chat xue tien p h i i l i eac phan ttf hoat dpng be mat cd kha ning phan t i n trong pha d i u 6 mdt mUe dp nha't djnh v i ed khS nang t h i m nhap v i o cac gipt nude lam thay ddi tinh chat tai be mat tuang t i e hai pha dau - nudc. Vi vay, tieu chf de danh g i i hieu q u i eua chat xue tien la k h i nang khuech tan nhanh tdi be mat phan chia, k h i nang lam suy giim su'c eang be mat m i n g d i u cung nhu c6 k h i nang chdng lai dp d i n hdl eua Idp m i n g phan ehia. Hai chat hoat ddng be mat cd k h i n i n g dap dng cac yeu c l u ciia chat xue tien dupe lufa chpn la sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) v l sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES). Day l i eic chat hoat ddng b5 mat anion, vi v i y cd k h i nang bao mdn ldp mang dau cao do d i u ua nudc cd chufa nhieu dien tfch (Bing 4).
Bing 4 cho t h i y cac chat xue ti^n ducfc lufa chpn c6 kha nang suy g i l m su'c cang be mat hai pha, do v i y cd khS nang d i y nhanh q u i trinh bat 6n djnh Idp m i n g dau bao I 38
quanh cic gipt nhu tuong - nai eo chiia cic phan tif hoat ddng be mat tU nhien nhU nhUa va asphaltene. Ket q u i cung eho thay tdc dp khuech t i n cua hai p h i n tif nay cao hdn so vdi tdc do khuech t i n cCia PA4; do do, khi ket hdp vdl eac loai polymer keo tu eo k h i n i n g tao ra hl^u dng ket hpp lam tang tdc dp khuech t i n eCia chat khuf nhti. Ket q u i d i n h g i i t i c dpng cpng hUdng cCia c h i t xuctien va td hpp polymer keo tu PA4 dUpe the hien trong Bing 5.
So sanh ket q u i danh g i l t i c ddng edng hudng eCia c h i t xue ti^n len tinh nang eua to hpp polymer keo tu vdi tfnh ehlt eiia ehlt xtie tien cho t h i y tdc do khuech t i n eCia t d hdp polymer PA4 cao hdn so vdl PA4 va tfnh lUu bien mang d i u cCia hon hpp cung g i i m han so vdl khi sCf dung PA4 mpt each rieng re. NhUvay, eac chat xUc tl^n d i co t i e dpng cai tien tfnh n i n g ciia td hap polymer PA4. SDS duac lufa chpn l i t h i n h phan xOc tien trong ehit khCf nhu, do e6 hieu q u i cao hon chat xue tien SLES.
3.3. Kit qud ddnh gid lUa chgn dung moi dan Dung mdi ed t i c dyng ddng n h l t tat ca thanh phan trong chat khif nhu, giiip cie thanh phan hoat dong trong ehlt khif nhij p h i n t i n hieu q u i trong pha dau. Mdi ddng chat khif nhti tuong nUdc/dau can phai lUa chpn dung mdi phan tan phit hpp. Thanh p h i n cuia PA4 chii yeu la cac loai polymer chufa cic nhdm alkyl, EO, PO v i vdng thPm, cho nen dung mdi phti hap n h l t la eic loai hydrocarbon thdm nhuxylene hay naphtha aromatic.Theo nghien cu'u [19 - 2S], cic dung mdi I I cic p h i n tif rupu ddn chufc mach n g i n dupc suf dung nhu mdt thanh phan lam t i n g do p h i n t i n eCia cac p h i n tuf polymer eung nhu t i n g cUdng hieu q u i khuf nhu nhd k h i nang khuech tan vao ben trong cie hat nhu tUPng nUdc/dau, l i m day nhanh q u i trinh keo tu, t i e h pha cua eac giot nudc. Tuy nhien, eic loai rupu dan chtfc chi duoc suf dung d mdt ty le n h l t dmh do cd b i n chat dung moi khic vdi cic loai dung moi thdm. Vi v i y p h i i tien h i n h k h i o s i t ty le giiJfa cie dung moi thdm va rUdu dan chijfc de tim ra t^ le suf dung tdi Uu. Bang 6 l i ket q u i xac dinh dp ddng nhat ciia cic loai dung moi tham v l rUou b l c nhat khi pha cae p h i n tuf hoat tfnh d cac t^'le khic nhau.
B i n g 6 cho thay eac ty le dung mdi duac d i n h d i u " + "
la cac dung mdi cd k h i n i n g hda tan tdt cac thanh phan hoat tinh trong ehat khuf nhu tUdng, cae ty le dung moi dupe d i n h d i u "-" la cic dung mdi hda tan han che cac thanh phan hoat tinh. Tii ket q u i x i e dinh dp ddng n h l t cic p h i n tCf boat ti'nh cho thay ty le dung mdi thdm/rupu b i c n h l t cang cao kha n i n g hoa tan cac t h i n h phan hoat tfnh eang ldn.Trong c i c dung mdi khio s i t ehi cd xylene/
methanol tj/ le 20/1 v i naphtha aromatic/methanol ty le 20/1 hoa tan han che thanh p h i n c h i t khCf nhu, cie dung moi cdn lai co k h i nang hda tan hoan toan thanh p h i n hoat tinh. Oe danh g i i t i c dung eiia dung moi den tdc dp p h i nhu, nhdm t i c g i i tien h i n h xie dinh tdc dp khuech t i n eila t h i n h phan c h i t khuf nhu khi hda tan trong dung mdi {Bing 7).
Ket q u i xac dinh tdc dd khuech t i n eiia eac thanh phan hoat tfnh khi pha dung moi eho thay d ty le dung moi thdm/rUdu bic nhat trong khoing 50/1 tdc dd khuech tan eie t h i n h p h i n hoat tfnh ldn nhlt. Cu t h i , ty le dung moi xylene/propanol-2 v i naphtha aromatic/
propanol-2 cho tdc do khuech t i n Idn n h l t tUdng Ung 24,6 X 10^ v i 24,7 X 10-*emVs.
Qua thuc nghiem, nhom t i c g i l da lUa ehpn cic thanh phan trong chat khCf nhu tUPng vdl tdc dp t i c h pha v i hieu q u i p h i nhu cudi cung. Cic t h i n h p h i n trong ehlt khif nhu nhu sau: Thinh p h i n cd tinh nang ked tu la ddng polymer alkylphenol alcoxylate formaldehyde ed dai phan tCr lupng khic nhau. Cu the thanh p h i n keo t y gdm: 50% loai alkylphenol alcoxylate formaldehyde (PA) vdl khdi lupng p h i n tuf lO.OOOg/mol, 30% PA vdi khdi lupng p h i n ttf khoing 80.000g/mol v i 20% PA vdi khdi lupng phan tif khoing 120.000g/moi; ehlt xtie tien la hpp chat sodium dodecyl sulfate; dung mdi dan la xylene/propanol-2.
Bang 6. Ket qud xde dinh do dong nhat cdc phdn sShoat tinh Ty le hon htfp dung moi 20/1 50/1 100/1 Xylene/methanol + + Xylene/propanol-2 + + -f Xylene/biitanol-2 + + -i- Naphtha aromatic/methanol + + Naphtha aromatic/propanol-2 + + + Naphtha atomatic/butanol-2 + + + Bing 7. Xac dmh tocdd khuech tdn cua thdnh phdn chdt khUnhu khihiio tan
trong dung mdi
Loai dung moi T6c do khuech tan (D, cm'/s) T y l f 20/1 50/1 100/1 Xylene/methanol 23,1x10"' 23,7x10"' 23,3x10"*
Xylene/propanol-2 i ^ l x l O " ' 24,6x10^' 24,4x10-*
Xylene/butanol-2 23,2 x IO"* 23,8 x 10"* 23.6 x IO"*
Naphtha aromatic/methanol aromatic/propanol-2
23,3x10-* 6,9x10-' 6,6x10""
24,3x10"' 24,7x10^ 24,4x10""
Naphtha 23,3x10"' 23,5x10^ 23,4x10""
aromatic/butanol-2
DAU KHi-SO 12/2014 3 9
HOA - CHE BIEN DAU KHI
3.4. Tdi Uu hda cde thdnh phan trong chdt khdnhu Trude khi tdi Uu hda, nhom t i c g i i khao sat cic ham lupng ehlt keo tu, c h i t xue tien va dung moi dan de xac djnh vuing tdi Uu cho hieu qua taeh pha cudi ciing.
Tut ket q u i khio sat i n h hudng cua cie thanh p h i n trong chat khif nhu den hieu q u i p h i nhu theo quy trinh thuf nghiem cho t h i y vuing tdi Uu de thiet l i p cae ty le t h i n h p h i n trdng c h i t khif nhu nhUsau:
H i m lupng chat keo tu: 70 - 7S% khdi lUpng;
H i m lupng chat xue tien: 0,1 - 0,5% khdi lUpng;
Dung moi dan: 24,S - 29,9% khdi lUpng.
Tdi Uu hoa thUc nghiem de xie djnh t)/ le tdi Uu eho cie t h i n h phan trong chat khif nhu tuang eho ddi tUPng nhu tUdng MSP801 -819 Bach H d
Lua chgn cde yiu td khdo sdt:
Bing 8, Ket qud khdo sdt dnh hddng cuo ty ie thdnh phdn den hieu qua phd nhu (nhiet dd thd nghiem 6iyc, nong do chdt khit nhd lOOppm,
thdi gian thd nghiem 180 phut}
T h a n h p h a n chat khiJf nhu [% kl) PA4
60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 75 75 75 75 75 80 80 80 80 80
SDS 0,05
1 0,3
' 0,5 0,55 : 0,05
• 0,1
"1" ""03"
1 0,5 1 0,55 0,05
0,1 0,3 0,5 0,55 0,05 0,1 0,3 0,5 0,55
X y l e n e / p r o p a n o l - 2 39,95 1 39,9
"T " 39,7 39,5 39,45 29,95 29,9
~^ " 29,7
! 29,5 1 29,45
2 4 9 5 24,9 24,7 24,5 2 4 4 5 19,95 19,9 19,7 19,5 19,45
LUtfng ni/dc con l.ai (%V)
4 4 4 4 5 0,5 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,5 [.
0,5 t 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,5 3,5 3,5 0,4 0,3 4
MUc t r e n (+1) Mufc CO sd (bj Mufc d u d i (-1) ' K h o i n g b i e n t h i e n
Bdng 9. Dieu kien ihi nghiem toi i/u hda
Cac yeu t o I n h h u d n g H^m luong H a m lUong H a m lUOng chat k e o t u chat xue d u n g moi Zi (%) t i e n Z i (%) d i n Z j (%)
75 0,5 72,5
70 0,3 0,1
29,9 27,2
" ^ , 5
Ham lupng chat keo tu: ZI = 70 - 75% khdi lUpng;
H i m lupng chat xiic tien: Z2 = 0,1 - 0,5% khdi lUpng;
Ham lupng dung moi dan: Z3 = 24,5 - 29,9% khdi lUpng.
Lua ehqn ham mue tiiu:
Y {%V): Lupng nUde tach pha sau 180 phut thif nghiem LUa ehpn kieu m&u thiit ki:
Bii toan dupe md hinh hoa theo thye nghidm blc 2 t i m xoay, tien hanh tren cd sd x i y dUng ma t r i n quy hoach hoa thue nghiem bae 2 t i m xoay. Vdl 3 nhln s6 k h i o s i t nen sd thuc nghiem gdc I I 8, sd thUc nghiem 6 diem sao l i 6 (vdi k h o i n g each tut t i m den diem sao d - 1,682) v l tien h i n h 2 thf nghiem d t i m . Nhu viy quy hoaeh thUc hien 16 thi nghiem.
Dang tdng q u i t cua phuang trinh hdi qui bic 2 eo 3 nhan t d nhu sau:
Y-b^ + bpc, + 6^, + V . + * ; / / . + V / i f, ,, + 6^/^^ + b,^/ + b^^f + V i '
Trong dd:
b^: He sd tU do;
b^ b^ b^. He sd tuyen tfnh;
^12 ^23 ^ir ^^ ^° tUPng t i c doi.
Ket qua mau tdi Uu t o i n phan thu dupc sau khi chay p h i n mem la:
Ham lupng chat keo tu: ZI = 72%
Ham luang c h i t xue tien: Z2 ^ 0,15%
H i m lUdng dung moi dan: Z3 = 27,85%
3.5. Ddnh gid hiiu qud khdnhu cua cdng thde ehe tao Ket q u i d i n h g i l hieu q u i cua cdng thtfc che tao tren mau nhu IUdng IVISP801 -819 d nhiet do thuf nghiem 60°C dupe the hien tren Bing 10.
Ket q u i eho t h i y d ndng dp lOOppm, hieu q u i tich pha nUde ciia cdng thde ehe tao tuong dUdng vdi sin p h l m chat khuf nhu thupng mai DMO 08631S.
3.6. Ddnh gid khd ndng tUc/ng thich cua cdng thde chdt khd nhu che tao (demulsifiers} vai hda phdm deoiler
Cong thtfc c h i t khuf nhu che tao la hda pham sut dung de taeh nUde khdl d i u thd. Sau qua trinh t i e h nude, cac hoa pham nay se theo ddng dau. Tuy nhien, cac thinh phan chinh trong cong thtire chat khif nhu ehe tao I I cic ehlt hoat ddng be mat khdi lUdng p h i n tuf ldn va cic chat
H6aphlm "^f"'^^^^g I (ppm) Cong thijfc _50
chetao loo DM0 ; 50 ' 086318 ' " " ^ n " ""
Bdng 10. Ket qud ddnh gid trong phdng ihi nghiem Luang nudc t i c h ra theo thdi gian (phut), ml 15 30 45 60 90 120
Nudc con iai
(%vi 0,3 2
Ten hoa pham :• C6ng thut che tao
• DM086318
Bdng 11. Ket qud thd nghiem khd ndng tuang thich cua hda phdm khdnhu che tao vdi deoiler Ham luong dau con lai (ppm) Khong xd ly bang deoiler Xd ly bSng deoiler
Hda pham Cong thiJfc
chetao DM0 086318
BdngU.Ketquasosdnhhi^uqudkhanhOcuacongthUcchetaovdsdnphdm thuang mailr€nmauhonhOp80]-819gidn8m6BachH6
^^"^ Luong nudc tach ra theo thdi gian (phut), ml lUtfng
(ppm) 5 10 15 30 45 60 90 120 150 180 NUdc con lai
(%V)
Blank
xue tien eo k h i nang phan tan mot phan trong pha nude.
Trong nUde t h i l co t h ^ cdn mot lupng nhd thanh phan ciia ehlt khCf nhu, anh hudng den hoat tfnh cua hda phi'm deoiler. Vi vay, can d i n h g i l k h i nang tuang thich eiia hda p h l m khtf nhu che tao v i hda pham deoiler.
Bing 11 cho t h i y lupng dau cdn lai trong pha nude sau khi d i u dUde xuf ly b i n g 2 loai hda pham demulslfier cao han tieu ehuan eho phep (< 40ppm).Tuy nhien, sau khi duoc xif Ijr b i n g hda pham deoiler, ham lupng dau trong pha nude cilia cac mau deu dat tleu ehuan cho phep.
Ket q u i nay khang dinh hda p h l m khii nhu ehe tao eo k h i n i n g tUPng thfch vdi hda p h l m deoiler dang duac thif nghiem cdng nghiep tai Vietsovpetro.
3.7. So sdnh ket qud thd nghiem trong phdng thi nghiem vd thdnghiem tgi Vietsovpetro tren mdu nhu tUcmg hdn hap 801-819 gidn 8 md Bgch Hd
Quy trinh taeh nude khdi dau thd tai eac md cua Vietsovpetro dupc thuc hten nhU sau: Nhu tUdng tuf cac gian MSP v l BK duoc dUa ve gian cdng nghe trung tam.
Tai diy, dau thd dupe bom hda p h l m t i c h nude, sau dd gia nhiet d^n nhiet dp 6 0 - eST. Dau dl vao binh t i c h 3 pha, roi di v i o binh tach tinh i^en, binh t i c h 2 pha rdi gom ve binh
200m' de bam sang tau. 6 t i u , d i u se diScic giuf d nhiet dp 4S - SO-C, lUu d tank cong nghe v i tank hang ttf 5 - 6 ngay rdi x u l t ban. Trong quy trinh tren, nhu tuang ve g i i n edng nghe ed ham lUpng nudc tU40 - 50%, dau bam di tau co ham lupng nUdc tuf 0,5 - 2%. Q u i trinh taeh tTnh dien II qua trinh quyet djnh. Dau xult ban eo ham lupng nude < 0,5%.
Theo quy trinh tren, hda pham tach nudc p h i i dat cac yeu c l u sau: cd kha nang taeh nude nhanh {khoing 40 - 50% ham luong nudc trong nhu vdi thdi gian ngan < 60 phut), de g i i m lUpng nUde trUde khi vao binh tach tTnh dien; ed t i e dyng d nhiet do thap, de nude van taeh ra khi daulUudtau.
Hieu qua khiJ nhu cua mau thii nghiem dupe d i n h g i l dUa theo Quy trinh hudng dan thi^ nghiem I-VC-03-VSP Theo do, mau nhu tUdng t u nhien (loai mau nhu mdi hoac cu) dupe suf dung de d i n h g i l hieu q u i p h i nhij v i lieu lUdng hda p h l m suf dung la SOppm va lOOppm. Viec sCf dyng d i i ndng dp ehlt khtf nhu nham danh g i i xu hudng hieu q u i p h i nhu. Ket q u i danh gia so sanh hieu q u i p h i nhu cua 2 t d hpp che tao va hda p h l m thUdng mai DM0 08618 tren mau nhu tUPng hdn hpp 801-819 gian 8 md Bach Hd tai Vien Nghien cuifu Khoa hpc va Thiet ke Dau khi bien (NiPI), Vietsovpetro dupe the hien trong Bing 12.
DSU KHi-SO 12/2014 41
HOA - CH6' BIEN DAU KHI
Ket qua danh g i l thuf nghiem cho t h i y td hpp chat khif nhu ehe tao deu ed t i c dyng p h i nhu d mdt mtfc dp n h l t dinh, hieu q u i tach pha t h i p hdn, song vdl ndng dp lOOppm thi hieu q u i p h i nhu cudi cung tUdng dUdng hda p h l m dang su'dyng tai Vietsovpetro.
4. Ket luan
Nhdm t i c gia da lUa chpn dUdc eic thanh phan trong ehlt khuf nhu cho ddl tUpng nhu tuang MSP801-819 Bach Hd. Cae t h i n h phan dUpc lUa chon trong chat khuf nhu bao gom: thanh p h i n keo tu l i alkylphenol alcoxylate formaldehyde (PA) vdi d i i p h i n ttf lupng khac nhau;
chat xue tien la sodium dodecyl sulfate va dung moi dan la xylene/propanol-2 vdi ty le khdi lUdng tUong ufng l i 72; 0,15 va 27,85.
Ket qua danh g i l tai Phong thi nghiem tren eac mau nhu tuang hdn hdp 801 -819 gian 8 md Bach Ho cho thay d ndng do 1 OOppm cac eong thUe ehe tao cho hieu qua pha nhu cudi cung tUdng duong vdl sin pham DM0 08631S- 11 mot trong cac san pham dang dUde suf dung phd bien tai cic gian khai thae trong nUdc.
Ket qua d i n h gia lab test ddi chufng do Vien Nghien cUu Khoa hpc va Thiet ke d i u khi bien vdi mau nhu tUdng hdn hop 801-819 gian 8 md Bach Hd cho thay cac cong thUe t d hpp cho hieu q u i p h i nhu n h i t dinh, O ndng dp SOppm, eong thufc che tao v i chat khuf nhij thuang mai deu cd lUdng nude t i c h pha sau thif nghiem Idn hon 0,5%V. d ndng do c h i t khuf nhu lOOppm, hieu qua pha nhu cudi cuing eua chat khif nhu che tao va hda p h l m dang suf dung tai Vietsovpetro tUong duang vdl lUpng nudc con lai sau thif nghiem < 0,5%V.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. BinhThi Quynh Nhu, Pham Thi Ngpc Bfch,TrUPng Dinh Hpi, Nguyen Thj Cue, Bang Qudc Dung, Nguyen Phan Trf, Bui Binh Huy. Nghien ctiu tinh chdt he nhu nudc trong ddu tho mo Rong va phuong phdp khdnhu bang gia nhiet va phu gia hda phdm. \/\er\ D i u khfViet Nam. 1998.
2. Nguyen Thi Cue, Pham Van Lam, Nguyen Linh Giang, Pham Van Khang, PhamThl Ngoc Bfch, Ha VIn Bich.
Nghien cdu tinh ehat nhu nudc trong ddu, ddu trong nUde cua ddu tho Bqeh Hd vd phUOng phdp khd nhu bang nhiet hda. Vien Dau khi Viet Nam. 1993.
3. Vu Cdng Thing, Nguyen Vin Thing, Le Xuin Ba, Nguyen Thu Ha, Trin VIn Tin, Vu V i n Trpng, Trinh Kien Qudc, Hd Xuin Linh, Mai Thi Hio. Nghien cdu si/ tao nhu trong dau, nhu ddu trong nude va phuong phap tdeh nhu.
Vien Dau khiViet Nam. 1992.
42 DIUKHI-SP 12/2014
4. Atta M.Ayman, H.S.Ismail, A.M.EIsaeed, R.R.Fouad, A.A.Fada, A.A.Abdel-Rahman. Preparation and application of nonionic polypropylene oxide-graft-polyethylene glycol copolymer surfactants as demulsifier for petroleum crude oil emulsions. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology.
2013;34(2): p. 161-172.
5. Ahmed M.AI-Sabagh, Nadia G.Kandile, Mahmoud R.Noor El-Din. Functions of demulsifiers in the petroleum industry Separation Science and Technology. 2011; 46(7):
p,1144-1163.
6. Ahmed M.AI-Sabagh, Nadia G. Kandlle, Rasha A.El-Ghazaw/y Mahmoud R.Noor El-Din. Synthesis and evaluation of some nev/demulsifiers based on bisphenols for treating water-in-crude oil emulsions. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. 2011; 20: p. 67 - 77.
7. Alexandre Goldszal, Maurice Bourrel.
Demulsification of crude oil emulsions: Correlation to microemulsion phase behavior. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2000; 39(8): p. 2746 - 2751.
8. Gabriel Cendejas, Felipe Arregufn, Laura VCastro, Eugenio A.FIores, Flavio Vazquez. Demulsifying super- heavy crude oil with bifunctionalized block copolymers.
Fuel.2013;103: p. 356-363.
9. A.N.Dimltrov, D.I.Yordanov, RS.Petkov. Study on the effect of demulsifers on crude oil and petroleum products.
international Journal of Environmental Research. 2012;
6(2):p.43S-442.
10. Duy Nguyen, Sadeghi Nicholas, Houston Christopher. Chemieal interactions and demulsifier charaeteristies for enhanced oil recovery applications.
EnergyS Fuels. 2012; 26: p. 2742 - 2750.
11. Feng Jie, Fang Hong-Bo, Zong Hua Zhang Lei, Liu Xue-Peng, Zhang Lu, Zhao Sul, Yu Jla-Yong. Effect of demulsifiers on dilatational properties of crude oil-water interfaces. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2012;33:p.24-31.
12. Gabriel Cendejas, Felipe Arreguln, Laura V.Castro, Eugenio A.FIores, Flavio Vazquez. Demulsifying super- heavy crude oil with bifunctionalized block copolymers.
Fuel.2013;1O3:p.3S6-363.
13. H.Vernon Smith, Kenneth E.Arnold. Crude oil emulsions. Petroleum Engineering Handbook. 1989.
14. Johan Sjoblom. Eneyclopedie handbook of emulsion technology. Marcel Dekker, INC. 2001.
15. Johannes Fink. Petroleum engineer's guide
to oil field chemicals and fluids. Gulf Professional Publishing. 2011.
16. Ishpinder Kailey, Xianhua Feng. Influence of structural variations of demulsifiers on their performance.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 2013;
52(2): p. 785 - 793.
17. K.S.Birdi. Handbook of surface and colloid chemistry CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group. 2009.
18. Mauryam Razl, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Abdolhossein Jahanmiri, Farshad Azad. Effect of a different formulation of demulsifiers on the efffieiency of chemieal demulsification of heavy crude oil. Journal of Chemieal &
Engineering Data. 2011; 56(6): p.2936 - 2945.
19. Malcolm A.Kelland. Production chemicals for the o/7ondgas;ndustry. CRC PressTaylor&Francis Group. 2009.
20. Maurice Stew/art, Ken Arnold. Emulsions and oil treating equipment: Selection, sizing and troubleshooting.
Elsevier. 2009.
21. J.L.Salager. The fundamental basis for the action of a chemical dehydrant. Influence ofthe physical and chemical
formulation on the stability of an emulsion. International Chemical Engineering. 1990; 30(1); p.l 03 -116.
22. Friedrich Stalss, Roland Bohm, Rainer Kupfer.
Improved demulsifier chemistry: A novel approach in the dehydration of crude oil. SPE Production Engineenng.
1991:p.334-33S.
23. Ramalho Joao Batista V.S, Leehuga Fernanda C, Lucas Elizabete F. Effect of the structure of commercial poly{ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide) demulsifier bases on the demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions:
Elucidation of the demusification mechanism. Qufmica Nova. 2010; 33{8): p: 1664 -1670.
24. Richard M.Pashley, Marilyn E.Karaman. Applied colloid and surface chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2004.
25. Young-Ho Kim, A.D.Nikolov, D.T.Wasan, H.Diaz- Arauzo, C.S.Shelly. Demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions: effects of film tension, elasticity, dlffusivity and interfacial activity of demulsifier individual components and f/ieirWerJt/s. Journal of Dispersion Science andTeehnology.
1996; 17(1): p. 33-S3.
Study on manufacturing demulsifier to separate water from crude oil to ensure quality requirements during
production operations
LeThai Son', Tran Thanh Phuong\ Vu An', Tran Hung Son' Ta Quang Minh', Phan Trong Hieu', Cao Huy Hiep', Vu Ngoc Ooan^
'Vietnam Petroleum Institute 'Military Technical Academy Summary
In this study, demulsifier for crude oil emulsion from Bach Ho MSP801-819 is prepared by mixing polymers acting as floeculants, solvents and promoter. Based on the experimental results, the authors have selected the optimal chemi- cal components for the demulsifier.
The properties of demulsifier was determined based on the testing standard of Vietsovpetro (l-VC-03 VSP), while the authors compared and evaluated the efficiency of the prepared demulsifier with commercial demulsifier. The result shows that the prepared demulsifier has good compatibility with deoiler and the same efficiency of water separation in comparison with commercial demulsifier at concentration of lOOppm.
Key words: Demulsifier, formulation for demulsifier, oil-soluble demulsifier
