<7hi hdnh phdp. ludl 86 9(330)-2019
BAT CAP TRONG QUY DINH PHAP LUAT VE NHA A XA HOI CHO NGIlSl THU NHAP THAP VA KIEli NGHI HOAN THIEN
• TRANVANGPHO*, Li/u HOANG DONG *• & LE MINH VI£N '
Tdm tdl: Nha d xd hgi la mgt chinb sdeh dung ddn va mang tinh nhdn dgo ciia Ding vd Nhd nude nhdm giup ngirtri ddn. dgc bigt la ngudi cd thu nhgp thdp cd Ihe tiep cgn dugc nhi dde tir do dugc an cu.
lifc nghigp. Tuy nhien. vige trien khai thgc hign cde quy dinh ndy trong thdi gian qua vdn cdn bdc lg mgt sd bat cgp, bdi viet nay phdn tich nhirng kho khdn cua ngudi thu nhgp thdp trong tiep cgn qui? nhdd hign nay vi kien nghi hoan thien phdp liidt
Abstract; Regime on social houses is a proper and human polity of our Parly and Slate to help people, especially low-income people, have chances to get a place for living. However, the implementation of regulations of such regime during last period still reveals some shortcomings. This paper analyzes the difficulties of low-income people in accessing current housing fiind and proposes recomendations for law completion.
1. Mpt so bat cfip trong quy djnh phip lu$t ve nha it xi hpi cho ngirdi thu nh|p thap
Thi nhat, chua cd vin ban cg thi quy djnh ve khai niem ngudi thu nhpp thap dan den khd khin trong vipc xac djnh d6i tupng di thp;c hipn vipc cho vay von.
Tbeo quy djnh tai Nghj quyet si 02/NQ-CP ngay 07/01/2013 cfla Chinh phu vi mdt sd giii phap thao gS khd khin cho sin xuat kinh doanh, ho trp thj trudng, giai quyit np xau (Nghj quyet si 02/NQ-CP); Nghj quyit sd 48/NQ-CP ngiy 04/4/2013 cua Chinh phu ve Phien hpp Chinh phi thudng ky thing 3/2013; Nghj quyit so 61/NQ-CP ngay 21/8/2014 cua Chinh phu ve vipc sua ddi, bd sung Nghj quyit so 02/NQ-CP thi gdi tin dung uu dii 30 nghin ty dong da khdng giao tham quyin cho Bp Xiy dgng di xac djnh dii tupng thu nh?p thip tpi dd thj. Thdng hi sd
07/2013/17-8X0 ngiy 15/5/2013 cua Bp Xiy dung hudng dan vipc xic dinh cic ddi tupng dupic vay vdn ho trp nhi d theo Nghi quyit so 02/NQ-CP (Thdng tu si 07/2013/TT-BXD), Thdng tu si 18/20I3/TT-BXD ngiy 31/10/2013 cua Bp Xiy dvmg sua ddi, bo sung mpt so dieu tai Thdng tu so 07/2013/n-BXD (Thdng tu sd 18/2013nT-BXD) vi Thdng hr so 17/2014/TT-BXD ngiy 18/11/2014 cfla Bd Xiy dvng sfla doi, bo sung mpt so diiu tpi Thdng tu si 07/2013/TT-BXD vi Thdng hi si 18/2013/TT-BXD (Thdng tu so 17/2014/TT-BXD) cung khdng dat ra tieu chi mflc thu nhpp khi xic dinh doi tupng li ngudi thu nh$p thap tai dd thj. Cho din khi Cdng vin sd 395/BXD-QLN ngay 03/3/2015 cfla Bp Xiy dpng ve vipc hudng dan triin khai cho vay ho trp nha d theo Thdng tu so 17/2014nT-BXD (Cdng vin si 395/BXD-QLN) thi di cd dirih
Ddn chCI & Phdp ludt I
Qhi hdnh phdp, ludt
Stf9j330)-2019nghta khai ni$m ve ngudi lao dpng cd thu nh^p thap "la ngudi lam vide tai cac co quan, dom vi, doanh nghiep thudc cac thanh phan kinh te ho^c lao ddng tu do tai khu vuc do thj cd muc thu nhgp khong phdi dong thue thu nhgp cd nhdn, theo quy dinh cua phdp lugt ve thue thu nhgp cd nhdn".
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 3 Nghi dinh so 65/2013/ND-CP ngay 27/6/2013 cfla Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet vagi sd dieu cua Luat Thue thu nh^p ca nhan va Lu^t sfla doi, bd sung mgt so dieu cua Lu^t Thue thu nhgp ca nhan (Nghi ^jnb sd 65/2013/ND-CP) thi nhihig thu nhgp sau day phai ddng thue thu nhgp ca nhan: (i) Thu nhap tu hogt dpng san xuat, kinh doanh; (ii) Thu nh^p tu tien luong, ti^n cdng ma ngudi lao dgng nh$n dugc tu ngudi sfl dyng lao dpng; (iii) Thu nhgp tfl dau tu von; (iv) Thu nhgp tfl chuyen nhugng vdn; (v) Thu nhap tu chuyin nhupng bat dpng san; (vi) Thu nhgp tfl trung thudng bing tien ho§c hi?n vgt; (vii) Thu nhgp tfl ban quy^n;
(viii) Thu nh§p tfl nhupng quyen thucmg mgi theo quy djnh cua Lu$t Thuorng mgi; (ix) Thu nh§p tfl thfla k6 la chflng khoan, phan vdn trong cac td chflc kinh te, co sd kinh doanh, bat dpng san va t^i san khdc phai d^ng ky sd huu ho9c dang ky sfl d^ng; (x) Thu nhgp tfl nhgn qua tgng la chflng khoan, phan vdn trong cac to chflc kinh xk, CO sd kinh doanh, bat dpng san va tai san khac phai dSng ky so hflu ho$c d^ng ky sfl dyng.
Nhu v§y, theo tinh than Cdng vSn s6 395/BXD-QLN thi thu nhgp cua mpt ngudi dupe xem la cd thu nhgp thap khi ngudi dd khdng cd thu nhap tfl 10 ngu6n tren ho3c cd thu nh§p tu 10 nguon trdn nhumg sau khi tru di cac
khoan thu nhgp dupe mien thue theo quy dinh tai Dieu 4 Nghi dinh sd 65/2013/ND-CP mk ngudi nay khdng phat sinh nghia v\i nOp thue thu nhgp cd nhan (phdp ludt khdng xac dinh rd phdi npp thue tfl bao nhieu trd len, tfl dd cd the suy ra ring, chi c4n ngudi dd cd npp thue thu nh|p cd nhan thi khdng dupe xem la ngudi cd thu nhdp thdp). Tfl dd cd thd thay hudng dan trong Cdng van s6 395/BXD-QLN la khdng rd rang vd gay khd khdn cho viec xdc dinh mot ngudi nao do co dupe xem la ngudi thu nhgp thdp de thy hudng chi'nh sach uu dai v6 nha d xd hpi hay khdng.
Mat khae, ed quan di^m cho rang, viec xac dinh khdi niem ngudi cd thu nhap thap tgi dd thj trong Thdng tu so 07/2013/TT-BXD, Thdng tu so 17/2014/TT-BXD va Cdng van so 395/BXD- QLN Id chua phu hpp. Theo dd, Ludt Ban hanh van ban quy phgm phdp lugt nam 2008 (Dieu S) va nam 2015 (khoan 7 Dieu 7) deu cd quy dinh vdi n$i dung chung la khdng cho phep ca quan, ngudi cd thdm quyen ban hanh vdn bdn quy dinh chi tiet cd npi dung ngoai phgm vi dupe giao quy dinh chi tilt. Theo quy djnh tgi khoan 1 Dieu 53 vd Didu 54 Lu^t Nha is nam 2005 dd xdc dinh ddi tugng dugc thue, thue mua nha d xa hpi nhu sau: "Ddi tupng dugc thue nhd d xa hpi la can b$, cdng chflc, vien chflc, sy quan, quan nhan ehuyen nghi$p thupc lyc lugng v^
trang nhdn dan, cdng nhdn lam vipc tai cac khu kinh te, khu cdng nghidp, khu che xuat, khu cdng ngh^ cao va cac doi tupng khac theo quy dinh cua Chinh phu". Ngay 23/6/2010, Chinh phfl ban hdnh Nghi dinh so 71/2010/ND-CP quy djnh chi tiet va hudmg dSn thi hanh Lugt Nha d vd tgi khodn 6 Dieu 37 Nghi djnh nay dd xdc
E3 Ddn ChD & Phdp lu$t
^hi hdnh phdp ludl
86 9(330)-2019djnh ddi tugmg duprc mua, dupe thue, thue mua nha d xa hpi bao gom 06 nhdm doi tuong, trong do "ngudi thu nhip thip tai khu v\ic dd thj theo quy dinh cua Uy ban nhdn ddn cdp tinh". Nhu vay, Chinh phu da giao thim quyen cho Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh quy djnh doi hrpng ngudi cd thu nhip thap cho phd hgp vdi th\rc ti tinh hinh t^i timg dja phucmg, chii khdng giao thim quyen niy cho Bp Xiy dirng.
Mpt diim quan trpng khac la npi dung ciia Cdng vin sd 395/BXD-QLN li di hudng din triin khai quy djnh ve cho vay hi tra nha d td Thdng tu si 07/2013/TT-BXD, Thdng tu sd 17/2014/TT-BXD thupc giai do?n Lu|t Nhi d nam 2005, nhung theo quy djnh tai khoin 4 Dieu 154 Lu$t Ban hinh vin bin quy phpm phap lupt nim 2015, trudng hpp vin bin quy phpm phip lupt het hipu l\rc thi vin ban quy phpm phap lupt quy djnh chi tiet thi hinh vin ban dd ciing dong thdi het hipu l\ic. Nhu vpy, ke til ngay Luit Nhi d niin 2014 cd hipu liic thi hiinh (ngay 01/7/2015) thi tit ci cac quy dinh cua Luit Nhi d nim 2005 ciing nhu cic vin bin hudng dan luit nay cung se hit hipu l\ic phap ly.
Tuy nhien, Lupt Nhi d nim 2014 cung nhu cac van ban hudng dan hien hanh ciing chua cd quy djnh cvi thi thi nao duprc xem li "ngudi cd thu nhpp thip", vi vpy di gay svr khd khin, lung lung trong qua trinh th\ic hi^n cho ca phia ca quan nhi nudc, chii diu tu, ngan hang va ngudi thp hudng chinh sach nhi d xi h$i.
r/iif hai, ve quy djnh xac nhpn ddi tupng vi th)ic trang nha d tpi chinh quyin dja phuong vi vipc xac nhpn cd miic thu nhpp binh quin hing thing khdng thuOc dipn phii ndp thuc thu nh|p ca nhan tii thu nhpp thudng xuyen theo quy djnh
ciia phap luat ve thue. Theo do, vipc xac nhin ddi tupng vi thuc trang nhi d dupe giao cho cac ca quan nai ngudi xic nhin dang lim vipc di xic nhin, trong tnrdng hpp nghi vipc thi giao cho Uy ban nhin din cip xa xac nhin. Giai dopn xac nhpn thdng tin vi thu nhip vi nha fl dupe xem li khiu then chot va quyit djnh mpt ca nhin nio dd cd du dieu kien thu hudng chinh sach hd tro ve nhi d xi hpi hay khdng va cd the tiep tuc th\rc hipn cac thu t^c khic de tiep can quy nhi d xi hpi hay khdng. Tuy nhien, quy dinh niy hipn nay di bpc Ip diim chua hpp ly:
(i) Niu vide xac nhan thdng tin neu tren dupe thuc hipn tai ca quan, dan vi cua ngudi cd nhu ciu thud mua nha d xa hdi thi chi cd thi xac nhpn dupe ve tiin luong va thu nhpp khac tpi co quan, cdn nhiing khoin thu nhpp khac ngoii co quan nhung van thudc trudng hpp npp thue thu nhip ci nhin vi hipn trpng nhi d th) ca quan noi ngudi dd lim vipc khd cd the xac nh$n dupe; (ii) Neu;vi^c xic nhpn dupe thirc hipn tpi IJy ban nhan cip xa, thi ca quan niy chi cd the xic nhin vi hien hang nhi d mi khdng ed dupe thdng tin ve tiin luong ciing nhu cac khoan thu nhpp chju thui khic, vi viy, vipc xic nhpn cac thdng tin neu tren se khd dim bio dupe sy chinh xac.
Thdr ba, vi gia nhi d xi hpi v3n chua hpp 1^
va chua phu hpp vdi thu nh|ip cua cac ddi hipng dupre hudng chi'nh sich vi nhi d xi hpi. Theo quy dinh tpi Diiu 9 Thdng hi sd 20/2016/TT- BXD ngiy 30/6/2016 cua Bd Xiy difng huang dan thvc hipn mpt sd npi dung cua Nghj djnb sd 100/2015/ND-CP ngiy 20/10/2015 cua Chinh phii vi phit triin vi quin ly nhi d xi hpi ed quy djnh vi phuang thuc xac djnh gii thue mua nhi d xi hpi dya tren ca sd tinh dii eae chi phi hpp
Ddn chd & Phdp ludt 1 9
^hi hdnh phdp, ludt Stf 9 (330) - 2019
ly de thu hoi vdn diu tu xiy dyng nha d, lii vay (niu cd), lgi nhupn djnh miic vi thui gii tri gia ting, chua bao gdm chi phi bao tri vi dugc xac djnh theo cdng thdc chung. Trudng hgp mdc gia cho thue mua nhi d xi hpi dugc xac djnh theo cdng thiic nhu di quy djnh mi van cao horn hoic bing miic gia cho thue mua nhi d thuang mpi hiong duomg tren thj trudng thi chu dau tu phii xac djnh lpi gia cho thue mua nha d xi hpi dd cho phil vdi thuc te, bio dim thap ban gia cho thue mua nha d thuang mpi tuong duong tren thj trudng. MJc du viy, qua khio sat cua tic gii vao thang 7/2019 ddi vdi 02 dv an nha d xi hpi va d\i in nhi d thuang mpi gii re tren dja ban thinh phi Cin Tho thi cd den 65% doi tugng dang d trong 02 dv in niy Ii can bp, cdng ehure, vien chiic, s^ quan quin dpi, cdng an nhan dan, ddi tugng thvc sv thudc nhdm thu nhpp thip chiem chua din 15%. Vi neu li ngudi thu nhpp thip, hp ngheo, hp can ngheo thi khd tiep cpn nguon vin vay uu dai, dong thdi, vdi thu nhpp cua hp th) khd cd the cd du di ddng lai ngin hang hing thing sau khi trir di chi phi sinh hopt.
V) vpy, gia nha d xi hpi hipn nay cOng nhu cic chinh sach ho trg chua thvc sv phii hprp vdi nhdm ddi tugng Ii ngudi thu nh$p thip, hp ngheo, hp cpn ngheo.
Thdr IV, vj tri xiy dvng cic dv in nhi d xa hpi chua hip dan nhi diu tu vi ngudi dan cd nhu ciu mua, thuc mua. Do Nhi nudc se khdng thu tien sii dung dat ddi vdi quy dit dung de thvc hipn dv in nhi d xi hpi, nen hipn nay d mpt sd dja phuang, mpc dii cac ca quan chiic ning dua ra nhiiu uu dai nhung vj tri giao dit cho nhi dau hi Ipi d xa trung tim, hp thing hp tang xung quanh dv in chua ding bp nen dan den chua thu
hiit dugc nhiiu nhi dau tu dau tu vao phan khuc nha d niy. Ngoii la, do vi tri khdng thupn Ipri, nen mpt bp phpn khdng nhd ngudi cd thu nhpp thip van cd xu hudng tim mua nhi tai nhiing dv an nhi d thuang mai d gin tnmg tam, cd hp thing hp ting xung quanh tit vi khi ning diu tu sinh lgi cao ban ciing nhu khdng bj ring bupe qui nhiiu nhu khi mua, thue mua nhi d xi hpi.
2. Kien nghi giai phap khic phpc khd khin vi hoin thifn quy djnh phip luit trong thue mua nhi d xi hpi
Mpc dich ctia Dang vi Nhi nudc khi xay dvng vi ban hinh quy djnh vi nhi d xa hpi la nhim giup cho ngudi din, d^c bipt Ii ngudi thupc nhdm cd thu nhpp thip cd the cd nha d de an cu Ipc nghidp, qua dd ning cao phiic lgi xi hpi, nhung trong thdi gian qua, xuat phit tu nhiing nguyen nhin chu quan vi khich quan, chinh sich dung din niy chua dpt dugc hoan toin mpc dich di ra. Tir dd, tic gii kien nghj mpt si giii phap nhim hoin thipn eg chi chinh sich vi nhi d xi hpi, de thuc diy boat dpng diu tu vao phan khiic nhi d nay va h5 trg toi da cho ngudi thu nhpp thip cd khd khin vi nhi d cd thi tiip cpn dugc nhi d nhim on djnh va ning cao chat lugng cupc song, cv thi:
Mpt la, xay dvng tieu chi rd ring vi doi hipmg nhu thi nio duprc xem li thu nhip thip vi cd chinh sach hd trg dac thi ban chii khdng chi vi lii suit vay ngin hing nhu hi$n nay, bdi vi neu li hp ed thu nhip thap, hp ngheo, cpn ngheo d ca khu vvc dd thj vi ndng thdn thi vdri thu nhpp vi tii sin cda hp si rit khd cd thi vay ngin hing di mua, thue mua nhi d xi hpi, rai quj nhi d nay tiong thdi gian qua lpi chii yiu duprc tiep cpn bdi cac nhdm ddi tugng khic nhiiu hon
I Ddn chd & Phdp ludt
Qki hdnh phdp ludt
Stf 9 (330)-2019nhu can bp, cdng chflc, vien chflc, sy quan... cd thu nhgp dn djnh.
Hai id, bp tieu chi dd ddnh gia ngudi thu nhap thap can xac dinh ro ddi tugng dd cd chju thufi thu nhgp ea nhan hay khdng, thud thu nhdp nay xudt phat tfl ngudn va thdi didm nao tinh d£n ngay ngudi nay npp hd so. Bdi vi cac khodn thu nhgp khac tuy cd phdt sinh nghia vu ddng thue nhung khdng thudng xuyen (vi d\i tidn trung thudng, chuydn nhugng/ban tai san...) khdng nen dupe xem xet d ddy, ma chi xet tidn luong, tien edng cfla ngudi nay cd thupc tnrdng hpp chju thue thu nhap hay khdng. Ben egnh do, thu nhdp cua mpt ngudi se khdng co dinh, nen vi?c xem xet ngudi dd ed npp thue thu nhgp cd nhan hay khdng chi nen tinh trong mpt khodng thdi gian nhdt djnh nSm ngudi do n$p hd so vd nam lien ke trudc dd.
Ba id, cd quy hogch phfl hgp ve vj tri xdy dyng cac dy an nha d xa hpi cung nhu ddm bao sy giin kfit eua dy an vdi hp thdng hg tdng xung quanh va cde cdng trinh tipn ich khdc nham thu hut nhd ddu tu va ngudi thu nhgp ddi vdi loai nha d nay. Dong thdi, chn cd bi$n phap cai thien v6 quy trinh thfl tyc thue mua nha d x3 hpi. Ca quan quan Iy can phai cdng khai danh sach ngudi dugc duypt thue mua nha a xa hpi de ban quan trj, ngudi ddn chu dpng giam sat, to cao nhung ngudi khdng thgt sy khd khan ve nhd d nhung van lgi dyng ke hd cua phdp lugt de hudng lgl chinh sdeh tfl Nha nudc. Ben cgnh do, vdn dd xac nh§n ve thu nhgp va thyc trang nha d can dupe tach ridng ra thanh hai mau, mpt mau xac nhan ve thu nhgp va mau xac nhgn ve thyc trgng nhd d. Theo dd, Uy ban nhdn dan cdp x3 s5 xdc nhgn ve thyc trgng nhd d vi hg la
ngudi nam ro nhat ve thyc trgng nhd d dia phuong; Chi cue thue se xac nhgn la ngudi dang ky mua, thue mua nha d xa hdi cd thupc trudng hpp chiu thu^ thu nhdp ca nhan hay khdng, vi chl cdn kiem tra ma sd thue se xac minh dupe ed phai la ngudi thu nhgp thdp hay khdng. Neu nhu gidi quyet dugc vdn dd tren se gdp phdn cho quy trinh, thfl tye thue mua nha d xa hpi dupe rd rang hom, ngudi xin xac nhgn se de ddng trong vipc hoan thdnh ho so. Ngodi ra ciong trdnh dugc tinh trgng dun day trach nhipm gifla cac ca quan vdi nhau.
Bon Id, xky dyn§ hp thdng thdng tin ve van de thue mua nha d xa hdi tren dja ban. Can xay dung mpt trang thdng tin rieng ve van de nha d xa hpi tren dia bdn. Khi cd trang thdng tin nay se dang tdi tit cd cde vdn dl ve nha d xd hpi, chdng hgn nhu: Ve quy hogch, ke hogch xay dyng nhd d xd h$i; quy dinh v€ ddi tugng dugc hudng chinh sach nha a xd hpi; quy dinh hudng dan cac mau don, eac logi gidy td de hoan thanh hd so; quy dinh trinh ty, thfl tyc cho tirng ddi tugng khi tham gia vdo giao dich nhd d xd h$i;
quy dinh ve ho trg nguon vdn vay, each thflc vay cho tflng ddi tugng; quy djnh hudng ddn eae co quan chiu traeh nhipm quan ly phan ndo ve nha d xa h$i d dja phuong. Ben cgnh dd, trang thdng tin nay ciing hogt dpng theo hai chieu. Tflc la, ngoai cung edp thdng tin cho ngudi dan biet thi cung ddn nhgn nhihig ^ kien ddng gdp, phdn hoi cua ngudi ddn vd cac vdn de lien quan den nhd if xa h$i a dia phuang. Neu hinh thanh duge trang thdng tin ndy va dugc quan ly, hoat dpng dung each sS mang den nhieu thuan lgi cho d|a phuang cung nhu ndng cao ti'nh ddn ehu va quyen giam sat cfla cdng ddn Q
Ddn chO & Phdp lu^t I
