NGUYEN HUY QUYNH - MOT TAC GIA HAN NOM DANG CHU Y 6 THE KY XVHI
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guyen Huy Quynh (1734 - 1786) thupc the he thiJ 10 cua hp Nguyen Huy Truong Liru (NHTL), sinh ngay 19 thang Hai nSm Gidp Dan nien liieu Long Diic nam thu 3 (1734) doi vua Le Thuan Tong. huy la Nham, khi lam quan doi la Tri, ten chii la Duy Nham, hieu Dan Phong, tai lang Truang Luu nay la xa Truong Lpc, huyen Can Lpc, tinh Ha Tinh, trong mgt gia dinh nhieu ddi khoa bang.Cha ong la Nguyen Huy Tuu (1690 - 1750) do Huong giai nam 28 tuoi, du thi Hpi va tning Tam truong nam 32 tu6i, lam quan din Tham chinh. dupc tang ham Thupng thu. Me ong la ba Tran Thi Cung (1703-1781), nguoi lang Trucmg Luu la vp thu ctia Nguyen Huy Tuu.
Gia dinh ong co sau anh em trai.
Ngucri anh ca la Nguyen Huy Oanh (1713 - 1789), do Dinh nguyen Tham hoa khoa Mau Thin (1748) timg di sir nha Thanh, cung lam quan toi Thupng thu, dfing thai la mpt tac gia lon ciJa thS
• ky XVIII. Nguai anh thii hai la Nguyen Huy Cu (1717 1775) d6 Huong giai nam M|iu Ngp (1738), Tam trucmg thi Hot nam 1748, chuyin sang ngaeh vo va lam d^n Khanh thong Tuang quan, dupc
phong tfing tuoc vuong. Nguoi anh thii ba la Nguyen Huy Kien (1735 - ?), d6 Huong cong nSm 1759. khoa Ky Mao, lam quan den Lfii bp Thiem su. Nguoi em dudi ong la Nguyen Huy Khan d6 Sinh do. Cuoi cimg, nguoi em lit la Nguyen Huy Dai lam Pho sii don dien.
Nguyen Huy Quynh di hpc tir khi len 5 tuoi, 8 tuoi da biet lam tha van, thua nho vira di hpc, ong vCra ciing tham gia day hpc tir nam 17 tuoi, va co dong gop trong cong viec soan sach, in an tai lieu cho Phuc Giang thu vien'".
Nam 1756, 23 tuoi, Nguyen Huy Quynh di thi tCr Huyen khao den thi Huong dSu do dhx va du ky thi Hpi nam 1757, chi dh Tam truang. Sau hai khoa thi Hpi nam Tan Ty (1761) ong duac b6 mpt chiic quan nhd la Thira ty Ta mich xu Nghe An, toi nam 1769 vi Co 4 lan thi Hpi tning Tam truang (tir 1757 toi 1769 CO 5 khoa thi Hpi, trong do 4 khoa ong triing Tam trudng), dupc bo lam Tri huyen huyen Chan Phiic va it lau sau ong tir quan; co le la do bye va phan chi la n6i ti€ng hpc gioi ma thi khong do cao ' Vien Khoa hoc Cdng ngh? Vi?t Nam.
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T;^PCHiHANN6Ms66(n5)-20l2 NGUYEN HUY M?
chang? Ong giao du rpng rai vdi cac danh sT thdi ^y nhu Phgm Nguyen Du, Ninh Ton v.v... quyet tam hpc th6m.
Nam Nhan Thin (1772). ba muoi chin tuoi. Nguyen Huy Quynh d6 D^
tam giap Tien sT dong xtiat thfin ihCr 5 va bat dau tham gia quan trudng vdi chirc Cap sy trung Hp khoa. roi Giam sat Ngy s u x u San Nam.
Nam Giap Ngp (1774). 6ng ciing nhieu ngudi thfin trong nha nhu anh la Nguyen Huy Ofinh, chfiu lfi Nguyin Huy Ty. tham gia cupc Nam chinh, giO chirc vy Kiem h' luong hudng Nhung vy. Dau nam At Miii (1775) sfich Cutmg myc ch^p rfing, chiia Trjnh sau liic ddng quan d Ky Anh sai ong mang vang b^c vfio tang cho Hofing Ngu Phuc vfi quan sT dong d Thuan Hoa"^*. Ciing nfim do ngfiy 12 thfing Hai, me dich ong la bfi Phan Thi Triru mat. dng xin ve cu tang va tham gia day hpc d Trudng Luu.
Nam Dinh Dau (1777) hk tang phuc, ong dupc ban chiic Nhfip thj npi gifing, sau khi dang len Chiia bai tha nghin chu dupc thfing chirc Hfin lam vien Hi?u thfio, vfi nfim sau 1778, thfing lam Doc dong xir San Nam. Thdi gian nfiy ong tham gia dfinh d?p "gific be".
Nam 1779. ong dupc cu lam Gifim khfio trudng thi Thanh Hoa.
Nfim Tfin Siru (1781), Nguyen Huy Quynh dupc bo lfim quan Tryc gifing d Qu6c tu gifim, thfing 6 di khfio sfit tinh hinh d Son Tay vfi Himg Hoa, ngay 2 thang 10, me de ong lfi ba Trfin Thi Cung mat, ong ve cu tang d Trudng Luu. Thdi gian nay Trudng Luu vdi Phiic Giang thu vi^n lfi noi nhieu danh sT qua lai. nhi^u sT tir d cac nai ve hpc, vfi Nguyen Huy Quynh tham gia gifing day d day.
Thfing 10 nam Gifip Thin (1784) het lang phyc. Nguyen Huy Quynh l^i dupc cir Ifim quan Tryc gifing d Quoc tu gifim, nam sau thfing Han lam Dai che, hanh Doc thj Thufin Qufing. De doc hpc chinh.
Kiem If luang hudng d Thu^n Hoa.
Khofing mpt nfim. ngfiy 10 thfing Sfiu nfim At 1 y (1785) dng mfit d nhi?m sil. thi hfii dua \{: an tfing d cfinh dong thupc thon Dong Tay. xa Bat Trac. sau con chfiu chuyen ve xfi Due Diing (huy?n Diic Thp). rdi l^i chuyen ve mii Phupng LTnh trong lang Tham hoa Nguyen Huy Ofinh.
Cupc ddi Nguyen Huy Quynh chu yeu lfi hpc hanh thi cu. day hpc. lam quan, trong do Iir nfim len nfim tuoi den 23 tuoi thi Huang vfi tiep do lfi 16 nam vdi 6 khoa thi Hpi (trong do cd it thdi gian lfim quan nho d Ngil? An vfi Tri huy?n hu\'en Chan Phuc). Sau khi do Tien sT, Nguyin Huy Quynh chi tham gia hogt dpng quan trudng 13 nam trong dd cd gfin 5 nam cu tang m? dich \ a m? de. Then gian lfim quan cua dng chi dupc khofing hon tfim nfim chu yeu la lo vi?c gifio due.
O Ifing Trudng Luu. tai xom Phuc Trudng hien nay (trudc la xom Dp), trudc day con khu vudn cua Nguyen Huy Quynh lien ke vdi vudn ciia anh la Nguyen Huy Kien va vudn cua em la Nguyen Huy Khfin. Din ddi thii 6 tinh ttr dng. vudn nfiy nay chi cdn mpt mia, mpt nira con chfiu dfi ban cho hp khfic.
Tgi vudn nfiy trudc dfiy c6 nhfi thd ciia Nguyen Huy Quynh nhung da bj bom cua quan dpi Phap nem hdng nfim 1953, nfim 2010 con chau ngogi d Trudng Luu, Nga Lpc, Thj trfin Ngh^n mdi xay Iai nhfi thd nho.
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NGUYEN HUY Q U V N H - IVIOT TAC GIA HAN N 6 M BANG CHU Y .
Tai canh ddng Dinh, nfim giQa lfing Trudng Luu vfi lang H6t thuOc xfi Phu Lpc. trudc kia nghe ndi la Dinh thy ciia Nguyin Huy Quynh dupc xay dyng sau khi ong d6 Tiln si - Dinh quan Ngh6.
Thdi trudc day khi lfim rupng, dfio muong, dfin Trudng Luu van hay dfio dupc gaeh ngdi, v.v...
Tai xfi Diic DQng, huyen Diic Thp cung CO nha thd ciia dng, dfi dupc x i p hang Di tich ljch sii van h6a tinh Ha TTnh nfim 2005.
Nguyen Huy Quynh Ifi mpt ngudi ed the ndi hpi tu va phfit huy dupc mpt so dfic diem sau ciia dong hp Nguyen Huy Trudng Luu:
Mpt tam g v o n g hoc hanh, thi cu;
in9t thay giao girong mau
Nguyin Huy Quynh di hpc tir nam len 5 tuoi va noi tieng lfi hpc gioi, duang thdi, ai cQng d y doan la hp Nguyen se co them "khdi khoa", y noi se cd them ngudi do Dinh nguyen. Theo bfin Hdnh trgng Nguyen cdng do con trai ong lfi Nguyin Huy Hfio thuat, Nguyin Huy Quynh da hpc vdi cac thfiy sau:
1. Tiln sT khoa Binh Thin (1736), tiic Nguyen T h l Giai (1709-?) ngudi xa Nhfin Ly huyen Thanh Lam (nay thupc thi trfin huyen Nam Sach tinh Hfii Duong).
Ong giQ cfic chiic quan, nhu HQu Thj lang Bp Hinh, Hiep thdng linh, Hfin lam Hi?u ly, tudc hfiu va dupc cii lfim Tran thu Thanh Hoa, nhung bi mfit tren dudng di.
Co tfii lieu ghi ong la Nguyen The Khfii.
2. Hoang giap khoa Tfin Hpi (1731), Tham tyng Nguyen Nghilm. Nguyen Nghilm (1708-1775) hieu lfi Nghi Hien, bipt hieu la H6ng N g u Cu sT va ty lfi Hy
Tu, ngudi xa Tien Dien huyen Nghi Xuan (nay lfi xa Tien Diln huy^n Nghi Xufin tinh Hfi TTnh). Ong lfi thfin phu ciia Nguyen Khfin, Nguyen Du. Sinh thdi.
Nguyin Nghilm la mpt nhfi chinh trj.
nhfi tho. nhfi van, nhfi su hpc ndi tieng.
3. Tiln sT khoa Tfin Hpi (1731) Nguyen Hofin, Nguyin Hofin (1713-
1792) ngudi xa Lan Khe huypn Ndng Cong (nay thupc xa Nong Trudng huyen Trieu Son tinh Thanh Hoa). Ong Ifi con ciia Nguyen Hieu va giu cfic chiic quan, nhu Nhfip thi Tham tyng, Thuang thu bp Lai kiem HQu Tu gifing bp Le, Tri Quoc tu gifim. Tri Trung thu giam, Tri Dong cfic, Tri Hfin lam vien sy kiem Quoc sir tdng tfii. sau thang ham Thfii pho, tudc Viep Qufin cdng vfi duoc tdn lfim Quoc lfio. Co tfii lieu dpc la Nguyen Hofin.
4. Tiln sT khoa Giap Tuat (1754), hp Nguyin, tire Nguyin Ba (sau ddi lfi Thudng). Nguyin Thudng (1727-?) ngudi xa Vfin Diem huyen Ddng Ngfin (nay thupc xfi Vfin Hfi huyen Ddng Anh, Hfi Npi). Ong giu cfic chirc quan. nhu Hfin lam vien Thi giang, Huu Thi lang Bd Binh, Ddc thi dao Thuan Qufing, tudc Khfinh Xuyen hfiu.
5. Tien sT khoa Giap Tuat (1754), hp Duong, Ddng cfic Hpc sT, tiic Duong Trpng Khiem (1727-1787) (Duong Trpng T I ) , que lfing Lac Dao xa Ducmg Xfi huyen Gia Lfim tran Kinh Bfic tinh Bfic Ninh, nay la lfing Lac Dgo xa Lac Dao huy$n Van Lfim tinh Hung Yen.
Ong giu cfic chirc quan, nhu Han lfim Hieu ly, Thiem dd Ngy su. Sau dng ddi ten lfi Duong Trpng T I .
T^P CHi HAN NOM SO 6 (115) - 2012 NGUYBNHUYM?
Trong qufi trinh di hpc, ong giao du vdi nhieu danh sT duang thdi vfi khfi n6i tilng trong hp. Thay hay. bgn tdt vfi vdi y chf hpc khdng mdi, vl vi$c hpc hfinh cua dng. bgn thfin Ifi Phgm Nguyen Du ghi trong bai Md ihugng cdm ky (Bfii trudng mimg Duy Nham thi do) rang;
"Duy Nham luc nfiy dfi n6i tSn khfip kinh thfinh Ifing nudc". "Sfich khong rdi tay" con 6ng lfi Nguyen Huy Hfio dfi ghi d bfii Hdnh irgng cung ke rang, dng "am thEun nghien cdu, ben bi rua mfii. kien thiic ngfiy cang rpng md". Ong sfiu lan dy ky thi Hpi vdi mong udc dgu cao hon anh minh Ifi thfim hoa Nguyen Huy Ofinh. Vi$c ong chi do d hgng thir 5 theo Idi cua bgn dng lfi Pham Nguyen Du la
"mpt vi?c mimg" nhung xem lfi "danh chua xiimg vdi thye". "dfi khdng chiem dupc bang cao, Duy Nham ciing tiec, cfin gi phai mimg". Qua trinh di hpc de thi lien tyc 6 khoa sudt 18 nfim trdi trong lich sir thi cu Viet Nam thdi xua cd le trudng hop ctia Nguyen Huy Quynh cung lfi mpt trudng hpp dfing chii y.
Cung nhu anh minh. co gfing hpc hfinh de sau nfiy cd dieu kipn lap thfin.
giiip ddi, dng ciing quan niem hpc de hanh "tir nhd theo con dudng khoa cir, xuat than tu day mfi ra", lay vi§c hpc dl CO kien thiic mfi lam viec khdng ke chiic quan to nhd. Bgn be vfi nhQng ngudi cung lam quan deu co nhgn xet nhu vgy, nfim 1784, khi tien Nguyen Huy Quynh di nhfin chuc d Thugn Hda, Tl tudng Bui Huy Bieh ndi "ong cd thl tan tam thi Ifim chiic Ddc thj Thugn Hoa cung dii dl thi thd sd hpc cua minh".
Thdi xua, thudng vQa di hpc vira di day, Nguyen Huy Quynh, nhu dng thudng
bfio vdi con trai lfi. tir nfim 17 tudi "dfi dgy hpc dl ty chu cap". Trong thdi gian d que vfi hai djp ve cu tang mp dich (tir 1775 din 1777) vfi mp da (tir 1781 den 1783). ong tham gia nhieu vfio viec dfio tgo hpc trd d Phiic Giang thu vipn. Sfich Nguyen lhi gia idng vfi tu lipu ddng hp chdp dng dgy hpc trd nhieu ngudi do Tiln sT, cimg lfim quan tgi trieu, tiec Ifi d dfiy khdng ghi rd hp ten cfic hpc tro ciia Nguyen Huy (.?uynh.
Chinh thiic tir nam 1777. dng nhgn chirc Nhgp thj Npi giang tham gia vipc gifing dgy d phii ehua. Hai lan ong giQ chirc Tryc gifing d Quoc tii gifim, lan dau td nam 1781 "hpc tro bdn phuong deu quy phyc". lan sau lir thang 2 nam 1874. khi dng "gifing lufin kinh nghia, cfic trieu sT deu khen dng Ifi 'Hom sfich ciia Lai Thach'" vfi khi ong dupc cir di lam quan ngofii, "Hpc sinh nha Thfii hpc hpp lai ke mfiy tram ngudi xin giQ ngudi d lgi".
Dgy hpc dfi vfiy, ddi vdi vipc thi cu de tuyen chpn ngudi tai dng lgi cfing nghiem minh. Hfinh trang dng cho biet, nfim Ky Hpi (1779), khi dng lam Gifim khfio trudng thi Thanh Hoa, dng rfit cdng tam lay do diing thye chfit, chi Inch quan Ddng khao va quan luu thii d day la Man Qugn cdng, nhd dd trudng thi nghiem tiic trd lgi. Vipc ong dupc cii di Thugn Hda lfim Ddc thj vfi cung kiem ludn De ddc hpc chinh, Io viec hpc tap, cung lfim rd dng la mpt ngudi cd uy tin trong gidi hpc quan thdi bfiy gid.
M$t vj quan t^n tuy, khang khfii Nhu d phfin tilu su dfi ghi, Nguyen Huy Quynh tiordc liic do Tiln sT chi lam 72
