QUAN TR! - QUAN LY
/v^ 9
CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTCfNG DEN VIEC THlTC HIEN DAM BAO CHAT LITONG TAI CAC TRlTOfNG DAI HOC TlT THUC
TREN DIA BAN TP. HO CHI MINH
V6 VAN TUAN
TOM TAT:
Nghien cffu nham xac dinh cac nhan td anh hffdng de'n viec thifc hien dam bao chat Iffdng (DBCL) tai cac tiiTdng dai hpc tff thuc tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh. Tren cd sd cac nghien cffu lien quan, tac gia de xua't md binh vdi 3 nhan td anh hffdng de'n viec thffc hien DBCL tai cac tiafdng dai hpc tif thuc la nhan td quan tri, nhan td ve dpi ngu giao vien, nhan vien va cac nhan toed lien quan khac. Ket qua nghien cffu cho tha'y ca 3 nhan to'trong md hinh deu cd anh hffdng tich cffc de'n viee thifc hien DBCL tai cac trffdng dai hpe tff thuc tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh.
Tff do dffa ra cac bam y chinh sach trong vide thffc hien DBCL tai cac trffdng dai hpc tff thuc.
Tff khoa: Dai hpc tff thuc, dam bao cha't Iffdng giao due dai hpc, TP. Ho Chi Minh.
1. Dat vSn d l
Trong hai thap ky vffa qua, DBCL giao due dai hpc da trd thanh mot trong nhffng van de dffdc cac qud'c gia, cac khu vifc va qud'c te quan tam nhieu nha't. O Viet Nam, van de dam bao chat Iffdng giao due ndi chung va DBCL trong giao due dai hpc ndi rieng da dffdc de cap de'n tff cud'i the ky 20. Nhieu nghien cffu trong va ngoai nffdc lien quan de'n van de DBCL giao due dai hpc da dffdc thffc hien. Tuy nhien, hau bet cac nghien cffu deu tap trung vao viec lap ke hoach va cai thien he thd'ng DBCL trong cac td chffc.
Trong khi do, theo Kaewdang (2001) rat nhieu quan tri vien nha trffdng va giao vien lo ngai rang viec DBCL trong cac td chffc giao due la khd khan, bd'i rdi, dang lo ngai, va van cdn nhieu van de can
;au tra ldi. Mot trong nhffng van de can dffdc tra
ldi la cac nhan to nao cd anh hffdng de'n viec thifc hien DBCL giao due tai cac trffdng dai hpc ndi chung va cac trffdng dai hpc tff thuc ndi rieng.
2. Cd sdr ly thuye't
2.1. Ddm bao chdt lugng gido due dgi hgc Trong mdi trffdng kinh doanh, DBCL dffdc xem la mdt qua trinh "ndi ma mot nha san xua't dam bao vdi khach hang la san pham hay dich vu ciia minh ludn dap ffng dffdc cac chuan mffc"
(Ellis, 1993). Ly thuye't chu dao ciia he thd'ng DBCL xua't phat tff linh vffc kinh doanh, sau dd dffdc dffa vao giao due. Qua trinh nay bat dau khi thuye't 14 diem danh cho viec quan ly ciia Edwards Deming (1986) dffdc gidi thieu rdng rai.
Sau Deming, Juran (1988; 1989) va Crosby (1979) da phat trien cac y tffdng nham quan ly va Cling cd' chat Iffdng trong cac td chffc.
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TAP CHi CONG THIfffNG
Trong giao due dai hpc, DBCL dffdc xac dinh nhff cac he thdng, chinh sach, thu tuc, quy trinh, hanh ddng va thai dp dffdc xac dinh tff trffdc nham dat dffdc, duy tri, giam sat va cung cd cha't Iffdng (Woodhouse, 1999). Dinh nghia nay cung dffdc Cd quan Dam bao Chat Iffdng Australia sff dung.
Mat khac, Frazer (1992) cho rang cd 4 thanh phan chinh trong mdt he thd'ng DBCL. Thff nha't, tat ca mpi ngffdi trong he thd'ng phai cd trach nhiem duy tri chat lffdng cua san pham hay dich vu ma td chffc lam ra. Thff hai, tat ca mpi ngffdi phai cd trach nhiem cung cd chat Iffdng ciia san pham hay dich vu dd. Thff ba, tat ca mpi ngffdi hieu, sff dung va cam tha'y minh la ngffdi lam chii he thdng dang boat ddng diing
hffdng, nham duy tri va cung cd' chat Iffdng. Thff tu, nhffng ngffdi hffdng ldi (ngffdi quan ly hay khach hang) can phai thffdng xuyen kiem tra he thd'ng va cd trach nhiem kiem tra chat Iffdng ciia san pham hay dich vu.
2.2. Cdc nhdn tddnh hUdng den viec thUc hien ddm bdo chdt luang gido due dgi hgc
Nghien cffu cua
Wajanawichakon va cdng sff (2012) tai Trffdng Dai hpc Ratchathani (Thai Lan) da cho tha'y, cac nhan to anh hffdng de'n viec thffc hien DBCL giao due dai hpc bao gdm: Cac nhan to thupc ve quan tri (QT), cac nhan td ve dpi ngu giao vien, nhan vien (DNGVNV) va cac nhan td cd lien quan khac.
Trong do, cac nhan td thupc ve QT dffdc danh gia la cd anh hffdng Idn nha't de'n viec thifc hien DBCL giao due cua Trffdng Dai hpc Ratchathani. Hai nhan td cdn lai dffdc danh gia cd tac ddng d mffc trung binh.
Nghien cffu cua Somput Ketkajom va cdng sif (2017) tai Thai Lan nham xac dinh cac nhan to anh hffdng de'n hieu qua DBCL giao due va so sanh hieu qua giffa cac trffdng cd quy md khac nhau.
Bang phffdng phap phan tich phffdng sai da bie'n (MANOVA) va phan tich biet sd, ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y 3 nhan td cd anh hffdng Idn nha't de'n hieu qua DBCL giao due tai Thai Lan la: ngudn nhan life, lanh dao va lam viec theo nhdm.
Nghien cffu cua Wambua Kyalo Benjamin va cdng sff (2017) tai cac trffdng trung hpc cdng lap d
Kenya tap trung vao kha nang quan ly, giam sat cua lanh dao, trinh dp nang lffe ciia DNGVNV Trong khi do, cac nhan td mdi trffdng tap trung vao vi tri trffdng, canh quan xung quanh trffdng, cOsd vat chat cua trffdng. Ke't qua cho tha'y rang, cac nhan to' ky thuat cd anh hffdng tich cffc den viec thffc hien DBCL giao due. Trong khi do, cac nhan to mdi trffdng cd anh hffdng khdng dang ke.
Tdm lai, tff cac nghien cffu lien quan co the xac dinh cac nhan to' anh hffdng de'n viec thi/c hien DBCL giao due dai hpc, bao gdm: nhan to QT, nhan to ve DNGVNV va cac nhan td cd hen quan khac. Tren cd sd dd, tac gia de xua't mo hinh nghien cffu nhff sau:
Hinh 1: Mo hinh nghien cdu dexuat Nhan to quan tri
Doi ngii giao vien, nhan vien
Cac nhan td co lien quan khac
Dam bao chit lucng giao due dai hoc
3. Phridng phap nghidn cufu 3.1. Xdy dUng thang do vd cd mdu
Md hinh nghien cffu de xua't bao gdm 3 nhan to cd anh hffdng de'n viec thffc hien DBCL giao due dai hpc. Tat ca cac bien quan sat trong cac nhan to deu sff dung thang do Likert 5 mffc dp tff 1 den 5, Vdi lffa chpn sd 1 nghia la "Hoan toan khong dong y " cho de'n lifa chpn sd 5 nghia la "Hoan toan dong y". Md hinh nghien cffu de xua't dffa tren cac nghien cffu eua Wajanawichakon (2012), Somput Ketkajom va cdng sff (2017). (Bdng 1)
Cd mSu dffdc xac dinh theo nguyen tac kinh nghiem vdi kich thffdc miu td'i thieu phai gap 5 lan so' bie'n trong md hinh (Nguyen Dinh Tho, 2011). Md hinh nghien cffu thifc nghiem bao gom
18 bie'n (bao gdm ca 3 bie'n quan sat cua thang do dam bao chat Iffdng giao due dai hpc), nhif vay kich thffdc mau td'i thieu la 90 quan sat. Doi tifdng khao sat la DNGVNV tai 5 trffdng dai hoc tif thuc tren dia ban TP. Hd Chi Minh, bao gdm: Dai hoc Van Lang, Dai hpc Hoa Sen, Dai hpc Van Hien.
Dai hpc FPT, Dai hpc Kinh te Tai chinh. So phieu khao sat dffdc phat di la 450 phieu, sd phieu hdp
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Kyhi§u
;, QT1 QT2 QT3 . QT4
^QT5
^ QT6 r QT7
NS1 NS2 NS3 NS4 i 0T1
* 0T2 0T3 0T4 QA1 : QA2 fQAS
Bang 1. Cac bien quan sat trong thang do chfnh thCtc va mffc dO tin c#y Nhan to quan tri
Nha QT CO tam nhin ve sil phat trien.
Nha QT cam l<et va trien l<hai hoat dpng DBCL.
Nha QT hd'tro va tao dieu Vien thuan Ipi cho hoat dpng DBCL.
Nha QT tao ra cac Uu dai giup nhan vien lam viec tot
Nha QT CO ky nang thich hpp trong viec lap ke hoach, giam sat va danh gia hieu qua hoat dpng.
Nhiem vu va trach nhiem dupc trinh bay ro rang cho nhan vien.
Co mot he thong de lien lac, mot he thong thu thap va to chile thong tin day du va cap nhat.
Giao vien c6 kien thilc va kha nang to chile eae ke hoach bai hpc va eae hoat dpng.
Cac nhan vien tin tudng rang qua trinh DBCL la mot each de phat then chat lUPng giao due.
Dpi ngu nhan vien lam viec co trach nhiem va hieu qua.
DNGVNV phan dau trong phat trien chuyen mon.
Day du eo sd vat ehat va trang thiet bj phue vu giao due.
IVIoi trudng thfeh hdp thue day viec hpc tap.
Co sd ha tang day du de dap ilng nhu cau.
He thdng thong tin lien lae noi bp va ben ngoai day du de sii dung trong eong viec.
DNGVNV chap nhan va danh gia hoat dpng DBCL giao due nhu la mot phan eua su phat trien.
He thdng dam bao chat lupng giao due dupc xay dUng thile hien va cai tien lien tuc.
DNGVNV deu nhan thile dupc trach nhiem ehung va traeh nhiem rieng cue moi ngudi.
H$ so tUdng quan bien tong
0.553 .0721 0.776 0.650 0.655 0.706 0.625 0.684 0.702 00.626
.533 0.627 0.719 0.607 0.589 0.627 0.527 0.448
H$so Cronbachs Alpha
0.882
0.814
0.815
0.663
• Iguon: Ket qud tinh todn tff phdn mem SPSS 22.0
ie de phan tich la 397 phieu. Nhff vay, kich thffdc nlu cho nghien cffu nay la phu hdp vdi nguyen ac kinh nghiem.
' Bang 2. Mo ta mau nghien cdu
^~~~~~~~~--~..___Phadng thdc li So lUdng ^^~~~~~---~----.___^^
'• So bang cau hdi gdi Thu thap duoc khao sat ' (hong thu thap dUdc khao sat
Phong van trffc tiep
146 142 4
Gian tiep qua e-mail
304 255 49
\;Jgu6n: Ket qua nghiin cffu cua tdc gid 3.2. Phuang phdp xd ly so"lieu
' Qua trinh xff ly so lieu dffdc thtfc bien tren chffdng : inh xff ly sd lieu SPSS 22.0 theo 3 bffdc sau:
'*•' Bffdc 1: Cac thang do trong md hinh dffdc dffa ao kiem dinh dp tin cay bang cdng cu Cronbachs
Alpha. Cac bie'n quan sat trong thang do cd he so' tffdng quan bie'n tdng nhd hdn 0.3 dffdc loai bd khdi thang do va thang do cd he so' Cronbachs Alpha nhd hdn 0.6 dffdc xem xet loai bd.
Budc 2: Sau khi thffc hien danh gia sd bp thang do, nghien cffu tie'p tuc thffc hien phan tich nhan to' kham pha EFA vdi cac thang do dam bao dp tin cay. Cac bie'n quan sat trong thang do cd he sd' tai nhan to' (factor loading) nhd hdn 0.55 deu bi loai. Phffdng phap trich he so' sff dung la phffdng phap trich nhan to' Principal Component, phep quay Varimax va diem dffng khi trich cac ye'u to' Eigenvalue la 1.
Thang do dffdc chap nhan khi tdng phffdng sai trich bang hoac Idn hdn 50%.
Bffdc 3: Phan tich hdi quy tuye'n tinh de bie't dffdc mffc dp tac dpng cua cac bie'n dpc lap len bie'n phu thupc.
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TAP CHi CONG THIflfNG
4. Kd't qua nghidn ctfu
4.1. Kiem dinh do tin cay ciia cdc thang do Bang 1 cho tha'y, he sd tffdng quan bie'n tdng cua tat ca cac bie'n quan sat trong cac thang do deu Idn hdn 0.3. Do dd, cac bie'n quan sat deu dat yeu cau. Ben canh dd, he sd Cronbachs Alpha cua cac thang do trong md hinh deu Idn hdn 0.6. Nhff vay, cac thang do trong md hinh deu dam bao dp tin cay.
4.2. Phdn tich nhdn tdkhdm phd (EFA) Bang 3 cho tha'y ke't qua phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA) trich ra dffdc 3 nhan td dai dien cho 18 bie'n quan sat vdi tdng phffdng sai trich dffdc la 64.13% tai mffc Eigenvalues la 1.244 > 1. Ben canh dd, gia tri KMO la 0.903 > 0.5 va < 1, cho tha'y phan tich EFA la thich hdp cho dff lieu thffc te. Ngoai ra, ket qua kiem dinh Bartlett cd mffc y nghia Sig. < 0.05, cho thay cac bie'n quan sat cd tffdng quan tuye'n tinh vdi ye'u td dai dien.
Bang 3. Ket qua phan tfch nhan to kham pha (EFA)
Bien quan sat
QT7 QT3 QT6 QT2 QT5 QT1 QT4 NS4 0T1 0T2 0T3 0T4 NS2 NS1 NS3 KMO
Nhan td 1
0.785 0.765 0.729 0.676 0.676 0.610 0.583
0.903
2
0.862 0.854 0.655 0.576
3
0.880 0.821 0.720
Barietts Test Sig. 0.000 Eigenvalues 1.244
Tong phuong sai trich dUOc 64.13%
Ngudn: Ket qud tinh todn tff phdn mem SPSS 22.0
4.3. Phdn tich hoi quy
Ke't qua hdi quy cho tha'y he sd R Square co gia tri 0.57, tffc la cac nhan td anh hffdng giai thich dffdc 57% mffc dp thay ddi viec thtfc hien DBCL giao due. Ben canh dd, he so' VIF cua cac bien trong md hinh deu ed gia tri nhd hdn 5, tiJc la mo hinh khdng cd hien tffdng da cdng tuye'n. He so Durbin-Watson la 1.701 cung cho thay mo hinh khdng cd hien tffdng tff tffdng quan. Kiem dinh F test cung cho tha'y md binh khdng cd hien tifdng phffdng sai thay ddi.
Trong Bang 4, cot mffc y nghia Sig. cho thay cac he so hdi quy cua cac nhan td QT, nhan to ve DNGVNV va cac nhan to cd Uen quan khac deuco mffc y nghia Sig. nhd hdn 0.05 va mang gia tri dffdng. Nhff vay, cac nhan to' QT, nhan to ve DNGVNV va cac nhan to cd Uen quan khac deuco anh hffdng tich cffc de'n viec thtfc hien DBCL giao due tai cac trffdng dai hpc tff thuc. (Bdng 4)
Md hinh hdi quy cd dang: DBCL gido due dai hgc = 7.056x10-^^ + 0.595xNhdn td QT + 0.064xN- hdn tdkhdc + 0.461xNhdn td DNGVNV+s,
Phan tich sau hdn difa tren he sd hoi quy da chuan hda cho tha'y, nhan td' QT cd tac dong manh nha't, ke de'n la nhan td DNGVNV va cac nhan to'khac.
5. Ham y chinh sach
Tren cd sd ke't qua nghien cffu, de viec thtfc hien DBCL dffdc diln ra thuan ldi, cac tnfcfngdai hpc tff thuc can:
Ddi vdi nhdn td QT: Can tang cffdng sii lanh dao cua Dang, sff tham gia cua cac td chtJcdoan the vao qua trinh ra cac quye't dinh lien quanva thffc hien van hda chat Iffdng trong cd sol giao due. Xay dffng va van hanh he thd'ng DBCL trong trffdng dai hpc; ban hanh cac van ban quan li ve DBCL. Thffdng xuyen kiem tra va giam sat de mpi boat ddng hffdng tdi dat dffdc chat lifdng cam ke't, dam bao ta't ca cac ngudn nhan li/c trong ddn vi phat huy he't nang Iffc va difdc cung cap du cac dieu kien de cd the phat huy toi da nang life ca nhan.
Ddi vdi nhdn td DNGVNV: Can chu trong hdn nffa de'n cdng tac tuyen dung dpi ngu cd tiinh do cao, chu dpng lap ke hoach dao tao, bdi difOngcan bp theo vi tri cdng viec, theo ke't qua thtfc hien nhiem vu. Thffdng xuyen ra soat ti IMinh vien/giang vien ddi vdi tffng nganh dao tao de dieu
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Bang 4. Ket qua phan tfch hoi quy
Md hinh
Hang so Nhan to quan tr;
Nhan to l<hac Nhan to DNGVNV
R Square Durbin-Watson
Thong l<e F
H$ so hoi quy chUa chuan hoa H$so
7.056E-018 0.595 0.064 0.461 0.57 1.701 173.775
Sai so chuan 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033
Sig. 0.000
H$ so hoi quy da chuan hoa
Beta
0.595 0.064 0.461
t
0.000 17.983
1.943 13.934
Sig.
1.000 0.000 0.045 0.000
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance
1.000 1.000 1,000
VIF
1.000 1.000 1.000
.Nguon: Kit qud tinh todn tff phdn mem SPSS 22.0
chinh cho phu hdp vdi dieu kien DBCL, theo quy dinh va dinh hffdng phat trien. Ben canh dd, thffc hien ddng thdi viec tuyen truyen tdi ta't ca giao .vien, nhan vien de hieu, nam chac chie'n Iffdc cua
ddn vi; gia tri, y nghia, thdi quen lam viec cd chat rlffdng va ldi ich cua viec thffc Men cac hoat dpng
DBCL giao due cua ddn vi.
Ddi vdi nhdn tdkhdc co lien quan: Can dam bao cac dieu kien ve hpc Ueu, trang thie't bi hpc tap, cd sd vat chat dap ffng yeu cau sff dung cua can
bd, giang vien va sinh vien, tang cffdng ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong quan ly. Ben canh dd, can cd du dien tich ldp hpc theo quy dinh cho viec giang day va hpc tap, cd ky tuc xa cho ngffdi hpc, dam bao du dien tich nha d va sinh hoat cho SV ndi tru, cd trang thie't bi va san bai cho cac boat dpng van hda, nghe thuat, the due the thao theo quy dinh. Quan trpng hdn, can cd quy hoach tdng the ve sff dung va phat trien cd sd vat chat trong ke hoach chie'n Iffdc cua trffdng •
TAX LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Kaewdang, R. (2001). Quality Assurance in Education: Everyone can do. (2nded). Bangkok: Wattanapanit.
2. Deming, E. (1986). Out of the crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT, Center for Advanced Engineering Study.
3. Juran, J. M. (1988). Juran on planning for quality. New York. Free Press.
4. Juran, J. M. (1989). Juran on leadership for quality. New York. Free Press.
5. Ellis, R. (1993). The management of quality in the University of Ulster. Kluwer Acadermc Publishers Printed in the Netherlands.
6. Crosby, P. B. (1979). Quality is free. New York: McGraw-Hill.
i: 7. Woodhouse, D. (1999). Quality and Quality Assurance, Quality and Internationalisation in Higher Education, OECD-IMHE.
8. Frazer, M. (1992). Quality assurance in higher education, in Crafl, A. (Ed.), Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Proceedings of An International Conference, Hong Kong 1991, The Falmer Press, London, pp. 9 - 25.
9. Klorklear Wajanawichakon, Sucheera Phramala, Wanida Hachuk, Supachai Channgam and Jaruwan Sripakdee (2012). Factors affecting the implementation of Quality Assurance of Education (QA).
[http://assu. rtu. ac. th/download/qa5 5_2.pdf].
' 10. Somput Ketkajom, Kovit Vajarintarangoon, Krapan Sri-ngan (2017). Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Educational Quality Assurance. Journal of Buddhist Education and research. Vol 3, No 2 (2017).
So 14-Thdng 11/2018 255
TAP CHi CONG THlTdNG
11 Benjamin W Kigen, V., & Ongeti, K (2017). Technical and environmental factors influencing implementation of quality assurance and standards policy in kenyan public secondary schools in keiyo sub com of elgeiyo marakwet county, KENYA. European Journal of Education Studies, 0. Retrieved fromhttps://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/896
12. Nguyin Dinh Thg(2011). Phuang phdp nghiin cffu khoa hgc trong kinh doanh. NXB Lao dgngXd hgu
Ngay nhan bai: 9/10/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sufa chiJa: 19/10/2018 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 29/10/2018
Thong tin tdc gid:
VO VAN TUAN
Trffdng Dai hoc Van Lang
FACTORS IMPACTING ON ENSURING THE QUALITY OF TRAINING AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES AT PRIVATE
UNFVERSITIES LOCATED IN HO CHI MINH CITY
• VO VAN TUAN Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
The study is to identify the factors impacting on ensuring the quality of traming and education activities at private universities located in Ho Chi Minh City. Based on relevant studies, the author proposes a model which contams three factors that impact on ensuring the quaUty of trainmg and education activities at private universities. These three factors are management factor, staff factor and other relevant factor. The studys results show that all these three factors have positive impacts on ensuring the quaUty of trairung and education activities at private universities located in Ho Chi Minh City. Based on the result, the study proposes some poUcy impUcations for ensuring the quaUty of training and education activities at private universities.
Keywords: Private university, ensuring the quaUty of higher education, Ho Chi Minh City.
256 So 14-Thang 11/2018
