NHU CAU TU LAP
CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC CO SO
•
ThS. Thach Thj Hong Mo
Truimg Cao dang Ngd Gia Tu Bdi Giang.
T O M T A T
Bdi hdo de cap den muc dd bii'u hien nhu can iir Idp cua hgc sinh trung hoc co s(/ (TllC.S) a nhieu Unh virc khdc nhau nhir hgc tdp. sinh hogt hdng ngdy vd trong quan he vdi han hi' eiing lira ludi. Khdch the nghien cini la 150 hgc sinh TllCS lgi Bdc Giang Ket qua nghien ciru cho tluh. nhu cdu lir Idp cua hgc sinh xudt hien vdi cudng do mgnh vd hieu hien a nhirng mirc dd khdc nhau. thiic ddy cdc em boat ddng nhdm thoa mdn no. Tir ket qua nghien cim tren. bdi bdo dua ra dieac mdt sd giai phdp nhdm hinh thdnh vd phdi huy linh tu Idp cho hgc sinh THCS theo hirang lich circ nhdt.
Tir khoa: Nhu cdu tu Idp. Hoc sinh THCS.
Sgdynhgnhdi- 10/6/2016: \'gd) duyet ddng bdi 25/12/2016.
ABSTRACT
The article deals with expression levels of independence needs among lower secondaty school .students In man)' aspects including education, daily life and in relationships with their peers. The .study participants are 150 hn\L'i secondary school students in Bac Giang. 'The results .showed that independence needs of students appeared with high intensity and expressed al different levels lo slimulale them lo gel .satisfied Based on the re.sults. .some .solutions to establish and promote the independence of lower .secondary .school students in a positive way are recommended.
Key words: Independence needs. Lower secondary school students.
1. Dat van dc
Do an lutmg sau sac rang, minh khong eon la tre con va do nhu cau nhan thuc ban than cua cac cm phat uidn manh cho nen hpc sinh H ICS co \u th6 tu lap U-ong su\ nghT, hanh dpng va danh gia ban than. f)ac di6m lam ly ndi bai. dac trung nhai ma la thutmg iha\ a lira tutii na\ la su bidu hicn eiia nhu e§u tu lap.
I.X Ctm khi nghien ciju nhu eSu cr lua tuoi lu 11. 12 tut^i ddn 14. 15 tutii cho rang: Mot irimg nhung van dc quan trpng nh§l cua lija tudi nay la nhu du
TAPCHITAMLVHOC, S6 1 (214), 1 -2017 79
thoat khdi sir kidm soat \ a bao trp ciia cha mc, thay cd giao. ngucri Idn ndi chung, cung nhu thoat khdi nhimg quy tJc va uat lu do ngudi Idn xac dinh ndi ridng (1).
Trong cdng Uinh nghidn cuu \e tam 1\ tre va giao due trong gia dinh. Iran Thj Cam khang dinh. lua tudi 13 - 1 .^ la giai doan gap khd khan nhat irong quan he vdi gia dinh dc khang djnh linh tu lap cua ban than ddi x di gia dinh dd Iruirng thanh (2). Nang luc cua Uc cang ISng thi Ire cang ndng vdi cdi ach gia dinh ra.
Mpi quydn lire ddi vdi ue ddu Ud ihanh nang ne. 1 re khdng chju ndi bat cir mpt rang budc nao. \i Ire chua du Iri dc dd hidu duac sir can thidt dd. Nhu cau d lira tudi nay la ty do. la pha bd mpi xidng xich can trd. Vi the ma >' mudn ly lap \a phan img chdng ddi thuimg di ddi \di nhau. Nguydn xpng ty lap va nhirng phan img chdng ddi thucmg bidu hien d hai mdi truimg ehinh la gia dinh va nha truimg va cung chinh d hai nai nay ma Ire cd thd khang djnh dupc nhan each \a ban ITnh eua minh.
Cd thd thay. su hinh thanh va phat tridn nhu ciiu ty lap d lira tudi hpc sinh THCS la sy phat trien tam ly cd tinh chat tat \eu cua tre, Cac cm mudn ty khang dinh nhOmg phat tridn ciia minh ve nhan each trdn con ducmg trd thanh ngudi ldn. Day la mdt ca sa quan trpng dd giup cac em trd thanh ngudi Idn sau na\ Song cung can luu y ring, nhu cau ly lap dupc hinh thanh va phat tridn d lira tudi na\ cd nhQ-ng mat tieh eyc vii tidu eye. Dd la xu hudng chii ydu de cac cm ty khang djnh minh. lir dd cd dupc nhirng hanh \i ty giao due. ty hoan thidn minh; ben eanh dd nd cdn la co .sd miy sinh ra mdt sd tinh xau nhu tinh de ly man. budng binh. ty ai. khpe khoang. hanh dpng bdt phat. tire thdi hoJic nay sinh ra nhirng xung dot tam ly trong quan he giOa cac em vdi ngudi Idn va neu nhu khdng cd sy djnh hudng. giao due mpt each diing dan thi nhu eau nay trd thanh mdt trong nhimg nguydn nhan ga\ ndn hanh \ i lech chuan d lira ludi hpe sinh II ICS.
2. Khach the va phucng phap nghien eu'u
Dc lim hicu thyc trang nhu eau ty lap ciia hpc sinh THCS. chiing tdi tidn hanh khap sat 1 .sO hpe sinh TI ICS lir liVp 7 ddn lop 9 eiia 2 truimg TI ICS d BJc Giang (Truimg TI ICS Qud Nham. Trudng TI ICS My Dp).
Chung ldi sii dyng kdt hpp cae phucmg phap nghien cuu ciia Tam ly hpc nhu i^uan sat. phdng van .sau. didu tra bing bang hdi va thdng kc loan hpe. trong dd didu tra bang bang hdi la phutmg phap nghidn ciru chinh. Uang hdi dupc xay dyng gdm 44 menh de ya dupc danh gia theo thang 4 mirc dp. tir 1 la khdng ddng y ddn 4 la hoan loan ddng y. Sd lieu thu dupc sau khao sat thyc tidn dupe xu ly bang chuimg trinh thdng kd SPSS diing trong mdi truimg Window, phidn ban 13.0.
«0 TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sri 1 (214), I - 2 0 1 7
.^. Kei qua nghien eiru
K c l quii nghidn cim eho l h a \ . miic dp bidu hicn nhu eau l u lap cua hpc sinh IT ICS dat mire cao va nhin ehung cac cm da ed nhirng bieu hidn nhu cau ty lap d nhieu ITnh \ u e khiic nhau nhu: hpe lap. sinh hoat hang ngiiy va trong quan he \ d i ban be ciing Ida.
3.1. Biiu hien nhu cau ttr lap cua hpc sinh THCS trong sinh hogt hdng ngdy
Bdng I: Bieu hien nhu cdu lir lap cua hpc sinh THCS trpng sinh hogt hdng ngdy
Hicu hicn
1. l-.m cam l h a \ ranii minh khoni: con ta ire con nira. minh dii Ihuc s\f la npirai liTii \ a can dirac doi xir nhu ngirdi ldn.
2. Tm muon dugc Ihir sue minh irong mpi cong vice dc chung lo \(TI moi nnudi la em da Urn.
3 Tm muon duoc l u quyel djnh cong \ icc Itiri quan den ban ihiin.
4 Em mudn l u minh lam mgi so \ icc nha Ihco each cua ncne cm 5. T.m Ihich dugc o nhii mgi minh. vi nhu \.i> cm sc dugc lam moi so \ icc ma khong co su kicm soal ciia ho mc.
6. Tm khdng muon bo mc -su dung q u \ c n lire sua ngirai liVn dc hal cm phai nghe ldi.
7 Tm muon bd me Iin lirirng giao cho cm mdi so cone \ iec etia ngudi Idn.
8 T.m ibich co mgi khdng gian neng cho minh de du,K lam ihco v muon mil khdng bi ai can Ihicp.
9. l-.m khong mudn bg me can ibicp sau \ JO moi so chu\cn riciii; cua em 10. Tm mugn bo me cho phep eo niol khoan licn ricnudc licn \.'il i 1 1 m mudn bo mc ion Irong inol so sg Ibich rieng cua cm.
12. Ivm khong ihicli bd me dong cham \ag dd dac cua em.
13 Tm mudn s.ip \ c p dd dac trone nha Iheo V ihich cua minh.
14. Tm mudn tu giae lam vice nha \ . i khdng mudn hg mc nhSc nhg 15 Tm khdng ihich ngudi ldu chi bao iimg li mgi nhtmg egiig sice ma cm lam.
Dicm Irung binb loan thane do
D T B 2.80
2.73
3.08 3.12 2.4s
2.80
3.1") 3.21
2.90 2.86 3.27 2.49 2.79 3.42 2.8''
2,9J D l . C 0.83
0.88
0.81 0.87 1.06
1.08
0.92 0.86
(1.97 1.02 0,75 1.04 0.96 0.73 1.06
11,43
TAPCHITAMLVHOC. S6'I (214), I -2017
Nhu cau ty lap cua hpe sinh THCS trong sinh hoat hang ngin dupe do thdng qua 15 bidu hien. Didm trung binh (D TB) cua lieu thang do hi 2.d.' 4 dicm.
Cac menh de trong tidu thang do cd T)TB dao ddng tir 2.4.'^ den 3.42 Dieu dd da eho thiy. nhu cau ty lap eua hpc sinh TI ICS trong ITnh \ yc nay bidu hidn a mirc dp kha eao \ a ro net (bang I).
Kdt qua bang I cho thay. mpt dac tinh chung cua hpc sinh IT ICS Iii mudn dupe tu lap dc cd thd "chuNcn nhanh" sang thd gidi cua nguiri UVn vdi din du kha nang dc ty lap cudc sdng ridng ciia minh. Mong mudn ty lap dd duac nhihig ngudi Idn khac. nhSt la cha mc minh thira nhan minh gidng nhu miit ngudi "da UTidng thanh" cd thd ty lam dupc mpi vide va dac biet khdng mudn ngudi Idn
"nhac nhd" hay "can thiep" ma mudn dupe "ty minh lam. ty minh quydt". dupe la ehii thd hoat dpng ciia nhiing \ ice ed lidn quan den ban thiin va theo dudi nhimg y nghT theo "each rieng" ciia minh.
Nghidn cim cu thd cflng cho IhSy. cd 87.2% so hpc sinh trong mau nghidn cuu ddu "Mong mudn duoc ly giac lam \ idc nha va khdng mudn bd me nhic nhd". Dieu nay cho thay. ty giac lam \ idc nha nhu nau cam, riia bat, quel dpn, trdng em, giat quan ao... sd giup cac em cam thay minh cd dupc vi tri xa hdi luong ly nhu ngudi ldn. Mat khae, vice cac cm ty giae thue hidn cac cdng
\idc trong gia dinh minh se la tien dd dd lam thay doi each irng xir cua eha me va nhiing thanh vidn khae trong gia dinh ddi vdi cac em. Nhd dd, eiie em sc dupc lin cay ban. dupc coi trpng hon, dupc dpi xir nhu nhirng dira con da Idn.
Vit quan trpng la dieu na\ ciing cd, thuc day nhu cau ty lap d cac em.
Cam giae ngudi Idn khien eho eac em mudn dupc ty lap quyet djnh mpi
\idc \a dupe ddc lap vc hanh vi vdi cha inc. vdi nhiing nguiri xung quanh minh.
Cung vi thd. ngay ca khi d nha minh. eae em van mudn cd mpt khdng gian ridng eho minh (DTB = 3.21) dc dupe ty ban than lam nhimg gi minh mong mudn.
tranh sy td md. uanh sy can thiep eua nhirng ngudi xung quanh. Cac em can cd su ridng tu do ca thd luc na> phai tridn qua nhanh va ban than cae em khdng the kidm soat ndi. Cac em thay bdi rdi neu dc cha mc hay nhimg ngudi khac trong gia dinh minh nhin thay va bidt dupc nhumg gi dang dicn ra \di ciie em. Hon nira. de thir sire, dd tim hidu eai gi la quan trpng. hpc sinh TI ICS thuimg lam mpt sd vide ma doan trude rang cha mc ed the khdng chap nhan. Cac cm can cd mpt phdng ridng hay mpi khdng gian ridng Uong nha dd thu nghidm nhtmg \ icc nay ma khdng lam phat y eha mc hay bi eha mc quay ra\. Cac em ed nhumg ham mudn la tim ra dupc minh dang cd kha nSng gi. mudn thu sire minh trong mpi vice \a thir lain quan trpng cua minh ddn dau trong cupc sdng. mudn ty minh dua ra nhimg qu\ci djnh xem minh cd the lam dupe gi eho ban than ma khdng bj cha mc chi dao hay ra Idnh. Chinh \ i \ a\. mudn cd mdi khdng gian ridng trong nha dd dupc lam nhirng
K2 TAPCHITAMLVHOC, Sd 1 (214), I - 2 0 1 7
\icc minh thieh ma khong bi bit k\ ai can ihicp tra thanh nhu cau rat Itrn doi \tTi h(K smh va no lang dan theo dp tuoi.
Su tham gia nghiem uic cong vice gia dinh .se giiip cac cm cam thay minh trucmg thanh hom, tra thanh ngum itjn trong eon mat nhirng nguoi xung quanh.
dae biet la khang dinh v i tri xa hpi eiia minh. Do vay, duac bo me lin tutVng giao cho nhirng eong \ iec (DIB =" 3.19) ma truoc day a lira tuoi hpc sinh tieu hpc cac em chua bao gia dupe lam thi do la mot mong mutin rat tich cue. no ihiic day tinh tu lap. giiip eac em eo the tu lam duae mpi viec ma eae em muon. Dupc cha me tin ea\ se hinh ihanh a cae em linh than trach nhiem. linh tu lap \ a sir thanh thao trong viee thue hien nhii^ng cong \iC'c \a trach nhiem khae nhau. hinh thanh k> nang su\ nghT va biet quan tam den ngucri khac.
Dc khang dinh sir trudng thanh trong mat nguai Ion va nhiing nguai xung quanh. hpc sinh luon tim mpi each tranh thii thoi co de khang djnh minh.
Cae em khong muon bo me phai nhac nho ha\ chi bao tirng li tirng li mpt ma ha\ de cae em duoc the hicn kha nang eung nhu su nang dpng trong \ ice tu thict kc eung nhu tu to ehue cong \ice theo each rieng (DTB ^ 3.12). khong giting vai khutin mau truac day bo mc \ an ap dat khi cac cm con o lira tuoi lieu hpc. Day chinh la mot buac ticn mtVi trong su phat Iricn dac diem lam 1>' lira tui>i nham thay dt)i each irng xii eiia ngutri lan. dua minh lir nguai bi dpng liic nao ciing thuc hicn mpi vice theo sy chi dan, ra lenh ciia nguai k'm trtj thanh nguiri ehii dpng. khong phu thupc vao each nghT, each lam ciia ngutyi \an.
I1(K sinh THCS nhan thue quyen lu quyel djnh khi co nhflng so ihich rieng lu va nhan thiic minh eung co quyen dupc lu do trong \ lee rieng lu eiia ban ihan nhu: dupe viet nhat k\. thu tir cho ban be. gpi dien tam su vtVi ngutri than, chia sc tham kin vai ngucri minh lin tutJng... Do \ a \ . hpc sinh khong muon bo me can thiep qua sau vao nhirng vice ma cac em cho rang do la chuyen rieng lu cua cac em (DIB ^'- 2,90). Tren thue te. khi eon eai bucre vao luoi 13. 14, 15 thi cha mc dan dan eo cam giac bi mat di kha nang kicm soat con. Vi \ a \ . mutin tang quyen kiem soat ciia minh. cha mc da tang cuang \ icc theo doi con va xt;l net eung nhu kicm tra gat gao thai gian eiia con. Cach ung xir na\ ctia cha me nhicu khi thai qua da khien con cai cam thay phien toai. vo 1\ va tham ehi con lam eho ehiing co cam giae bj cha me xiic pham. Day cung la van de ma cha mc can luu y dc tim each khac phuc eung nhu lim ra each thuc img xir phii hop nhat
\cTi dac diem tam ly lira luoi hpc sinh TIICS de dat dupe hieu qua cao trong vice giao due con cui minh.
Vc mai ly lhu>ei. nhicu bae cha me da nhin nhan eon o lira tuoi hpe sinh THCS con nho. chua bicl nhicu nen day bao ehung thong qua cac chi din d6 hinh thanh y thiic cho con. Hoac c6 nhfl-ng bac cha mc do thoi quen muon con phai luan theo uy qu>cn cua minh nen vdn mu6n ehung tiep tuc phu thupc i : v a o
TAP CHI TAM l y HOC. Srt 1 (214), 1 -2017
eha mc. Tu\ nhien. tam ly cua tre lai ngupe lai vdi each nghT. e.ieh nhiin thirc cua eha me \ c vai trd cua chung trong gia dinh. \ i vav. cac em khdng thich ngudi Idn chi biio lirng ti mpt nhung edng \iee ma eiie em lam ( D T B 2.S^I.
Ddng thiTi. cac cm khdng mudn bd me su dung quydn lyc cua nguiri Idii de bat phai nghe liri (D TB 2.80). Ciic em mudn thu sue minh trong mpi cdng vice dd chimg td vdi mpi nguiri la eac em da ldn ( D T B 2.73).
V i mudn thd hicn tinh ty lap ndn cac cm mudn bd mi; cho phep cd mdt khoan lidn ridng de lieu vat (DTB - 2.86). Thue trang nay cho thav. nhu eau cd mpi khoan ticn ridng dc lieu vat \ a dupc phep sii dung khoan tidn dd la mot nhu c4u cd thyc ciia hpc sinh THCS. Dieu nay chung minh hpc sinh mudn dupc lam chu trong cae quyet dinh eua minh \ e chi lieu \ . i khdng phai xin phep bd mc moi khi mudn chi lieu mdt \idc gi dd nil nhd nbung can thiol cho eae em. Tuy nhien. nhu eiiu cd khodn lien ddi \ d i cac em khdng birc sue ddn noi phai ed mdt khoan lien liVn \ ; i mong mudn chi lieu cua cac cm cung khdng ddn muc Idn lao. dd chi lii phuang licn de "chidm hiru" nhirng dd vai lal vai nhu sach. \ d . Ihudc kc. qua sinh nhiit cho ban be. lio quiin hoac nhirng thii vui khiic nhau cua Ida tudi hpe dudng. " V d i khoan lidn tidu \ a t n a \ . hpe sinh cd the sir dung theo sd thich eii nhiin - lua ludi va tir dd. ehung dan diin "dinh \ j "
trong xa hdi. tue la inpl sy \ae lap quydn lyc ca nhiin cho dii trong nhirng gidi ban nhiit djnh" (3). T uy nhien. cd the nhiin Ihiiy. trong tbiiri dai phat tridn ngii}
nay ihi \ iec cho phep Irc licp xiic vii sii dung ddng lidn dd phuc vu nhu ciiu c.i nhiin eua tre la mpt trong nhirng \an dc ma nil nhieu bac phu hu\nh quan liim.
Viin dd nil) sinh d diiy Iri neu nhu tre ed nhu ciiu phai cd mdt khoan ticn dc thoa man nhu eau eii nhan \ a cha mc lap tire dap irng ngay Ihi ed thd dd se la CO hdi dc hinh thanh ihdi quen vdi vTnh. tinh y lai. tinh phu thudc \ a cd thd nay sinh mdt sd thdi hu tat xau ma cha mc khdng thd ludng trudc dupc. Vay lam the nao dc tre vira dupe thda man nhu cau ca nhiin la cd mpt khoan tidn tidu \at nia khdng bj Ihdi hu lat xau cudn theo? Dii\ la xiin dd ma cac bac phu huynh Clin luu y khi giao due con cai. Nen chang. cha mc cd thd hudng diin \ a trang bj cho tre kidn thirc va k\ nSng su dung ddng tidn dc tre hidu dupc gia tri cua ddng lien va cd thdi quen tidu lien dung muc dieh trong mdt gidi ban eho phep.
Nhu eau ty lap cflng gidng nhu cac thudc tinh liim 1\ khac. eung cd mpt qua trinh phat tridn \ a irong qua trinh nay cd sy chuyC-n tiep \ a kc thira nhirng thanh qua cua giai doan trudc dd. Trong ndi dung nghien cuu miy. chimg tdi cung dd Clip den bidu hicn nhu cau ty lap d cae lua tudi khac nhau dicn ra nhu the nao. lieu cd sy luimg ddng hay khae bidt trong nhttng bidu hidn nay gitta cac dp ludi ha\ khdng. Trong nghidn cuu nay. dp ludi 13. 14. I .> tuang irng \ oi cac khdi Idp 7. 8. 9. Do \ a \ . .sy khac bicl giua eac Idp cung ehinh Ti sy khac biel gitta eac dp tudi. Qua nghidn ciiu. xet trong loan thang do. chitng ldi khdna
TAP CHl TAM TV HOC, St. I (2141. I - 2 0 1 7
nhan thay su khac bicl co \ nghTa th6ng kc giiia cac lira lucM khae nhau (khtM lop 7, 8. 9) \ c nhu chu lu lap trong sinh hoat hang ngay. Tu\ nhien. xt:*l tirng bieu hien eu the trong li6u thang do thi ehung toi nhan thay co su khac biet giua cae dp tuoi a nhumg nhu cdu sau: Atu^n thu sire minh trong mpi \iee de chimg to vai mpi nguai la minh da It^n": hoc sinh lap 7 (D TB = 2,57) < hpc sinh Itrp 8 {DTB - 2.69) < hpc sinh Itjp 9 (DTB = 2.93). vtVi p < 0.05 \a "Muiin CO khong gian rieng cho minh d6 dupe lam theo >' muon ma khong bi ai can thiep": hpe sinh ItJp 7 (DTB = 3.04) < hpc sinh \ap 8 (DTB - 3.14) < hpc sinh Itifp 9 (DTB = 3.46). \ai p < 0.05. Ket qua tren cho ih^y. mire dp bieu hien nhu cau tir lap ciia hpc sinh THCS irong sinh hoat hang ngay o mirc eao va iang dan ihco dp tuoi. Cang Itjn cac cm cang co nhung nhu cau na\. tu\ nhien miic tang na\ eung khong manh mc va khong co sy nhay vpt a cac dp tuoi dupe khao sat. Dicu nay chiing to sy bieu hien nhu eau tu lap trong khia canh na>
dien ra tir tir va tuan tu theo dp tuoi. Irong do, dp tuoi 15 tuoi co su phat trien vutTl hem so \ai dp tuoi truac do \ e mirc do bieu hicn nhu cau ty lap trong dcri song hang ngay.
3.2. Bieu hien nhu cdu tir Igp cua hpc sinh THCS trong hgc tap Nhu cau tu lap cua htic sinh THCS trong hpe tap dugc ehung toi licn hanh do thong qua 15 bieu hien cu the. DTB ciia ticu thang do la 3,17 (bang 2).
Cac menh dc trong lieu thang do eo DTB eao nhat la 3,60 va dicm thap nhat la 2.62 nhung van eao hon mu:c dicm trung vi (2.50). Thyc trang nay eho thay.
hpc sinh THCS rat coi Irpng hoat dpng hpc lap, nhan ihuc eao ve nhiem vu cua ban than trong hpc tap va mong muon lu minh phat huy kha nang hpe tap mcri each ly lap dc nang eao kicn thiic cho ban than.
Bdng 2: Bieu hien nhu cdu lu lap cita hpc sinh THCS trong hpc tap
Bieu hicn
1. Tm mugn dat thanh lieh cag irgng hgc lap dc ehtrng lg vdi bd me lit em dS liTn.
2. Tm mudn l u minh kham pha nhung dicu ma em chua b i ^ l dc lam giau kicn ihtjc.
3. Tm mudn hd mc dc em lir giac irgng viec hgc cua minh.
4 Trgng cac ctigc Iranh luan. cm lliich l u minh the hien >' kii^n va mudn dugc mgi niiudi thira nhan y kicn ctia em.
5 i:m thich l u minh lira chgn nhCrng lai lieu eg ich phuc vii cho \ icc hoc lap-
6 Tin Ihich tige nhung mgn hgc eg y nghla u i i nhihig linh viic ma cm nuan lani
B T B 3.32
3.60 3.28 2.')5 3.36
3.05 D L C
0.79
0.56 0.88 0,93 0.83
0.92
TAP CHI TAM Tf HOC, Sd I (214), 1 -2017 8.S
7. Tm khonu mudn hg mc can Ihicp qua sau vag \ icc hgc ctia cm.
8. Tjn mgng muon kham pha kicn Ihirc khgng chi Irgng sach v g ma edn g ngoai cugc sgng.
9. Tm mudn bd me dc eho em dugc l u chon mgn hpc ma em \t:u thich.
i 0. Em khdng mudn bd me chgn trudng hgc cho em. ha\ dc em tu hra chgn tlicg \' thich ctia minh.
11 Tm mugn de ra m g i phugng phiip hgc rieng ma khdng gidng vdi hal cir ai.
12. Tm khdng mudn minh thua kcni bat cu ai irgng kip hoc \ e kei qua hgclap.
13. Tm muon l u minh lap quv ihiri gian ehg \ tec hgc lap.
14. Tm khdng mudn bd mc dua dgn cm tdi Irirgim.
15. Khi khdng hicu van dc nao dd. em t u l i m kicm lining lin \ c nd hgSc hgi ihay eg .liiag M I Inn ligi cac han gigi lign \ c Ihili vuc dg.
Dicm trunf> hinh toan thang do
2.62 5.60 3.18 2.83
2.87
3.05 3,40 2,97 3.55 3,17
0.94 11.62 0.92 1.01
0.87
0.84 0.67 1.06 0.74 0 J 6
I Ian hdt. cac cm nhan thue dupc rang, khoi lupmg vii chidu sau cita tri Ihiic la tidu chuan co ban trong su danh gia va nhin nhan cua ngudi lim ndi chung. cha me ndi ridng va ca ban bd cita minh ntta. Hudng dd phat tridn tu khat vpng ctia hpc sinh TI ICS mudn bicl cai gi dd v a bidt lam mpt each thyc sy va cd the dupc thoa man bang con dudng ty lap. Day cung la nguyen nhan vi sao cd ddn 96.0% so khach the nghidn cuu hoan loan dong y vdi mong mudn ty minh kham pha kidn thue dd lam giau kidn thuc eho minh khdng chi trong sach V d ma cdn d ngoai cupc sdng.
'Ty minh tim ra each giai quyel nhidm vu hpc tap la mpt dae didm ciia boat ddng tri tuc a hoc sinh Tl ICS khac bin v d ch§t so v di hpc sinh tic-u bpc. Dd thuc hien duoc khat vpng tim hidu tri thuc. khi khdng hidu mpt vAn dd nao dd. cm ty tim kiem thdng lin vc nd hoac hdi thiiy cd va nhung ban gidi him (DT B - 3.55) cho thay. hpc sinh da nhan thuc dupe ijm quan trpng va v nghia eiia tri thirc. v thirc dupe sy phat tridn manh mc ciia cdng nghd thdng tin. mong mudn tidp can viil cdng nghd thdng tin qua vice truy cap vao intemet. ti vi. saeh bao... kd ca vipc chu dong tham khao v kidn cua nhttng ngudi ma eac em tin luimg dd tim kidm thdng tin. phue vu cho hpc tap va md rpng kien thue cho minh. Do v ay. cd tdi 90.0% so hpc sinh trpng mau nghidn cuu hoiin todn ddng v vdi mong mudn nay, ehi cd rat il hpc sinh khdng cd nhu cSu nay. Day la mot mong mui'in rdt lieh cyc. dang khuydn khich nham thiic d^y su phat tridn linh lu lap trong hoe Vm a hpc sinh IT ICS
86 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd' I (214), I - 2017
1 Ipc sinh n ICS mong mudn dat thanh tich cao trong hpc lap dc chung lo vdi bli mc la cm da Idn (DTH 3.32); mudn ly minh lap quv ihdi gian eho vice hpe tap (Dl B = 3.40) Vdl nhumg mong mudn nav cho thiiy. eae cm da v thuc dupc vide phai len kd- hoaeh cho niinh uong vice hpc tap. dac biejt la lap khung thdi gian phuc vu cho V idc hpc lap ciia minh mot each hpp Iv nhat va dat dupc thanh tieh cao u-ong bpc tap. Ddng thdi cung la mpi lieu ehuan dc cac cm chimg to mirc dp trudng thanh cua minh vd "quydn ly quydi" irong mat nhumg nguiri Idn. nhai la cha mc cac cm.
Cac cm mudn bd mc cho em dupc ly ehpn mdn hpe ma cm ydu thich (DTB " 3.18); thich ty minh lua chpn nhumg tai lieu cd ich phuc vu cho vice hpc lap (DTB = 3.36). Cd thd eoi d.iv la nhttng bidu hidn ty lap khdi dau cho xu hudng nghd nghidp sau nay. Dav chinh la hudng quan trpng trong sy phat uidn muc trudng thanh cd lidn quan vdi su phat tridn cae hirng thu cd npi dung va vdi vide xiiv dyng kd hoach eho tucmg iai.
So sanh gitta cac khdi Idp khac nhau. kcl qua nghien ciru eho thiiy, cd sy khae biel cd >' nghia thdng kd Irong mpt sd bidu hicn; "Thich hpe nhttng tndn hoe cd y nghTa vdi ban than"; hpc sinh Idp 9 (DTB = 3.12) > bpc sinh Idp 8 (DT B = 3.05) > hoc sinh Idp 7 (DTB = 2.97). vdi p < 0.05 va "Khdng mudn bd me chpn truimg hpe cho cm. hiiy dd em tu lya chpn Ihco y Ihich eda minh";
hpc sinh Idp 9 (D TB 3.22) > hoc sinh Idp 7 (DTB = 2.66) > bpc sinh Idp 8 (DTB 2.59). vdi p < 0.001. Hpc sinh IiVp 9 cd bieu hien ro ret ban hpc sinh Idp 7 va 8 la do cac cm mudn ty minh dupc lya chpn mdn hpc. lya chpn trudng hpe phu hop vdi sd thich. lyc hoc ciia cac em hoac chpn truimg hpc ma nai dd ed nhidu ban da lirng hpc vdi em d THCS. Cdn hpc sinh Idp 7 ed bidu hidn nay rd hom hpc sinh Idp 8 vi cd the luc nay. hpc sinh cam thay minh bat diiu bpc Id dupc nang lyc cung nhu so trucmg eua minh. do v av phan nao eac em eung ed nhiing udc mo. dy djnh sau niiv ldn trung hpc phd thdng minh sc hpc d truimg nang khieu hoac nhirng truimg cdng lap. dan lap...
3.3. Bieu hien nhu cau lu- lap ciia hgc sinh TIICS trong mdi quan he vdi bgn be
Nhu cau ly lap cua hpc sinh Tl ICS trong mdi quan he vdi ban be duac do thdng qua 14 bidu hien (bang 3). Didm irung binh cua loan Ihang do la 3.18 (Dl C 0.35). Cac menh dd Irong lieu thang do ed DIB dao dpng tu 2.75 ddn 3.55. Didu dd eho thiv. nhu eau ly lap cua hpe sinh TIICS Irong mdi quan he vdi ban be d mue kha cao. eao him muc dp bidu hidn nhu cin ly lap Irong sinh boat hang ngiiv va trong hpc lap. Didu nav dupe the hidn cu thd d nhttng sd lieu sau d.iv
TAP CHi TAM TV HOC, .Sii I (214), 1 -2017
Bdng 5: Bieu hien nhu cdu lu lap ciia hpc sinh THCS trong moi quan he v&i bgn be
Bieu hicn
1. Tm muon dirge bd mc cho phep l u ehgn ban va kcl ban iheg > ihich cua minh.
2. Tm tnuiin dugc l u minh quvcl dinh Id chirc giao luu vgi ban he.
3 Tin khgne miiiiii ho mc ngan ciim minh cd ban khac gigi.
4. T;m khgng mudn bg me lira chgn han cho em.
5. 1 in mudn bg mc ehg phep mdi han he cua minh ve nha chgi.
6. Km cam ihay khong dugc l u dg khi liep ban ma eg bg hay me nggi canh em.
7 Tm khong hai Idng khi bd me ihcg doi cudc ngi chuyen cita em vgi ban be.
8. Tm mugn bo me lin lugng vag vice chgn ban va kei ban ctia em.
9. Tm thich tham gia vag cac cau lac bd dg nha Irirgng Id chuc de dugc giao luu nhieu hon vdi ban be v.i dugc the hien nhimg sd i n r d n g cua minh Irudc cac ban.
10. Tm khong mudn bo me co nhirng cir chi cham sdc em kieu nhu con m i Irudc mai ban be cita em.
11. Tm cam Ihay xau hd khi bg mc Irach mang em Irudc m^l ban be.
12 Tm mudn bg me ihira nhan va ton trgng nhirng ngudi ban ma em d3 chgn.
13. lim Ihich duge bd mc hav thay cd khen trudc mill ban he.
14. liirgc ban be danh gia cao la niem mong muon ctia em.
Dicm trung hinh loan Ihang du
D T B 3.18
2.75 2.77 3.11 3,48 3,11
3,18
3,55 3,34
3,18
3,32 3.33
2,98 3,28 3,18
D l . C 0.78
0.78 0.97 0.98 0.70 0.93
0.95
0.67 0.75
0,89
0,88 0,71
0.88 0.77 0 J 5
Phan Ion hpc sinh deu muon bo me tin tutjng \ao vice chpn ban va k^l ban cua ban than (DTB = 3.55 - dirng vj tri thir nhat trong loan thang do). Ban be doi v(Vi hpe sinh TIICS la doi tuong dc eac em thoa man nhu eau lu lap cCia minh. btri vi. ban be la nhu'ng nguai de eac em lam sy. chia se nhiing chuyen tham kin va la nhung nguai dc cac em de the hicn, de bay to va khong hh bi ngan cam hay bi phan doi \iec the hicn tinh nguai ItVn ciia minh. Vi vay. phan km eae em mong muon bo mc thay doi each irng xii: muon bo mp cho phep ly chpn ban \a kcl ban theo y thich (DTB ^ 3,18); dong thtri muon bt> me thira nhan va ton trpng nhu'ng nguoi ban ma em da chpn (DTB = 3.33).
88 TAPCHITAMLVHOC, S6 1 (214), I -2017
v u ^ u hMudn thudna true d i u a tudi nay. ngay ca khi a nha. cac Nhu cau CO ban be luon thumig _ _^^._^ ^^^ ^. .^, ^^^
em cung mudn cd ban de lam sy. de tro cnuyen. v ^ .
Ia; mudn bd me cho phep mdi' ban bd cua minh ve nha c h o . B T B 3.48) va ngav ea khi o trudng cac cm cung muon tham gia vao cac cau '^'^ b p do nha truimg td chuc dd duoc giao lmi nhidu han vol ban be va d u p c the h e n s a mrdng ctia minh (DTB = 3.34). Cd thd ndi. ddi vdi hpc sinh I H C S . day la mpt nhu c i u va mong mudn rit Idn cua cae em. thd hidn ro net dac t r u n g lam h cua lua tudi nay. dd la duoc quan he. dupc giap luu v di ban be nhidu hom. d o n g thoi dd la s y the hicn va khSng djnh ca tinh. sd trudng ridng cua minh. m u d n ca tinh va sd truimg ciia minh dupc ban be bidt den \ a thua nhan.
Hpc sinh THCS cung rit quan tam ddn s y danh gia ciia n g u d i Idm va ban be. Sy danh gia lir phia ngudi khae sc giup cac em bidt m i n h d u p e nhin nhan nhu thd nao trong mat mpi ngudi, minh cd thyc s y gidi g i a n g e h u a , minh da thyc sy thanh cdng chua va minh da thyc s y la n g u d i Ion t r o n g mat mpi n g u d i chua. Do vav. sy danh gia eao cua mpi n g u d i se giup hpc sinh TTICS cam thay minh ty lin hon va ngudi Idn hom; " D u a c ban bd danh gia cao la nidm m a u d c ciia cm" (DTB 3.28) va "Thich d u p c bd m c va thay co khen t r u d e mat ban be" (DT'B = 2.98) Didu nay lai khang dinh nhu cau va m o n g m u d n IiVn nhat cua da sd hpc sinh TI ICS hidn nay la d u p c ban bd thira nhan va tdn trpng chinh la da khing dinb dupc gia Irj tdt dep ma cac e m da cd g a n g rdn luyen ed d u p c .
DSc bidt cac em nhan thirc dupc gia trj cua tinh ban va y t h u c d u p c minh da Idn ndn cd quydn ty quydt djnh cho n h u n g mdi quan be cua minh vdi ban be. cae em khdng mudn bd mc can thiep qua sau vao mdi quan be cua cae cm; "Khdng hai Idng khi bd me theo ddi cudc ndi chuydn cua em vdi ban b e "
(DT B =3.18) hay "Khdng dupe ty do khi tidp ban ma cd bd hay m e ngdi c a n h "
(DTB ^ 3.11). Kdl qua nay eho thay. hpc sinh ludn mudn cd mot khoang khdng gian ridng cho mdi quan he vdi ban be. d dd. eae em sc d u p c Ihda sue thd hien minh. dupc ndi chuven. dupc tam su thoai mai vdi ban be. Ndu n h u bd mc cd nhirng cu chi theo ddi cupc giao tidp cua em vdi ban be hoac ngdi bdn canh cac em se lam cho eae em cam thay gd bd. khdng dupc thoai mai. khdng ly tin.
Su t u lin trudc ban be cung la veu td dd cac em thd hicn minh da ldn trong mat ban be. vi thd ehi can bd mc traeh m i n g cae em trudc mat ban be (DTB ^ 3.32) hav cd nhttng cu chi chain sde cae em kidu n h u con nit trudc mat ban be ( D l B 3.18) cung dti dd cac cm cam thay minh bi m i l mai. x i u hd va cam thiv nhu mai co hpi dd the hidn sy irudng thanh cua ban than.
Budc vao lua ludi hpc sinh THCS. mdi quan he vdi ban be mang mau s i c mdi bon so vdi giai doan trudc dd. cac cm mong m u d n minh d u p c phep lu td chuc giao luu vdi ban be (DTB - 2.75). Sy p h i n bidt gidi tinh trong moi quan he vdi ban be bat dau he Id va ngay cang ro net. do dd cac ctm khdng
TAPCHiTAMTVHOC.Sdl (214). 1 - 2 0 1 7 X9
mudn bd me ngan cam co ban khae gidi (DTB 2.77). Mac dii nhOmg bieu hidn nav chi d mire didm irung binh nhung viin dat d muc dicm trdn trung vj.
do vay day cung la mdt nhu cau nil thyc cua lira tudi hpc sinh 11 ICS I ,ic em ludn mong mudn dupe bd me cho phep cd ban. dupe giao luu vai ban be va dac biel la khdng mudn bd mc ngan cam ed ban khac gidi. Cbinb mdi quan hi;
vdi cac ban khac gidi da mang ddn eho lua luoi nav' mpt Mic thai mdi. I ii>
nhien. linh ban khac gidi ddi vdi cac em chi la nhimg bidu hidn rat trong .sang, cac cm thutmg ed gang thd hidn nhung uu didm eua minh. chu v den nhung each di dimg. ndi cudi cua ban than khi cd mat ban khac gidi.
4. Ket luan va kien nghj
Nhu ciiu tu lap cua hpc sinh THCS bidu hidn d mue dp cao. Irons dd nhu cau ty lap trong mdi quan he vdi ban be bidu hidn rd net nhat. tidp ilcn la nhu cau ty lap trong hpc tap va cudi cimg la nhu ciiu ty lap Irong sinh hoai hang ngav'. Kdt qua nghidn cuu nay chirng Id nhu ciiu ty liip hi mpi mong mudn rat manh dd thd hidn tinh nguiri Idn cua lua ludi hpe sinh IT ICS.
De phat huy va ren luvcn tinh ty lap trd thanh mot gia tri nhiin each d hpc sinh THCS. gitip cac cm ihich ung va irng phd dupc eae tinh hudng bat ngd nay sinh trong cudc sdng. chiing tdi xin dua ra mot sd kien nghj sau
4.1, Ddi viri nhd triri'rng
- Phd bidn rdng rai phuimg phap giao due ehii ddng dd hpc sinh ly lap irong hpc tap, ty chii trong tu duy, dam suy nghT va dam chju traeh nhidm vd nhirng chpn lya cua minh trong mdi quan he vdi ban be.
- Dua hpe sinh vao eac boat ddng lap the, hudng dan cac em sir dung nhttng khii nang cua minh dd hoan Ihiinh nhidm vu mpt each tich eye va ly chii.
Idn irpng sy lya chpn cua ciie cm trong nhan thire va trong mdi quan he vdi ban be; Kidn tri kidm soiii. nhac nhd. giao traeh nhidm cho hpc sinh trong tung cdng vice eu the va cd thai dp khuydn khich. khen ngpi ddi vdi nhttng hiinh vi ty lap Irong ciic edng v idc dupe giao.
4.2. Ddi vol gia tfinh
- Cha me tdn trpng tinh ty lap va quydn binh dang cua con cai; Tao mdi trudng va hoan eanh thich hop dd con ed ca hdi Ihd hidn linh ty lap; Cho phep eon cai dupe thir nghiem cac gidi ban bang each kham pha mdi truimg xung quanh de con ly lay sang kidn. tim phuang phap giai quyel va ly rut ra kdt luan cho minh. ddng thdi tao cho con co hdi de hpc hdi va trudng Ihanh.
- Hay giao vice va lao dieu kidn eho con lam chii hoai dpng. ty ra quvdt djnh dd giiip con kham pha nhttng kha nSng cua minh.
90 TAPCHiTAMTVHOCSd I (214), 1 -2017
-1 luane dan dc* eon cai ly phuc \v dupe nhimg nhu cau ca nhiin cua minh.
- Cha me chu \ den anh huong cua ban be doi vtVi con: Can quan tam.
tro chu\cn. ph6 bien 'ki6n thiirc. giang giai kip thai den giao due gitVi linh cung nhu khuy6n khich con kk ban voi nhirng em the hicn tinh ly lap ro rci irong hpe tap \ a trong cupc song.
- Hinh thanh thai dp dung dan ciia cha mc \ai nhu eau ly lap. tranh thai dt) eoi nht; kha nang ly lap cua eon.
- (Jan giii con dc hicu con sau sac lha> vi lue nao cijng ben eon dc nhac nhtr ha\ xet net ctm; Min truong an loan eha mc danh eho con chinh la de ctm dupe ty lap dutVi sy "giam sat kheo \eo" ciia eha mc (giam sal khting phai la xam pham doi song rieng lu ciia eon ma giam sat kheo leo de biel eon di dau.
lam gi \ a co nhirng moi quan he vai ban be nao...).
- Hinh thanh va phat huy linh ty lap la nhijng butjc can ban dc \i\\ dyng nen tang ky nSng song cho tre. Chinh nhirng hoat dong ly lap ciia tre dutVi sy giam sal va khuyen khich eiia nguoi Urn sC giiip hpc sinh THCS phat trien thanh nhu'ng k\ nang sting sau nay.
Tai lieu tham khao
I. I.X. Con. Tdm Iv hoc thanh niHn. \X11 Tre thanh phti 116 Chi Minh. 1987.
2 Tran Fhi Cam, Tdm ly tre vd gido due trong gia dinh. NXB Phu niJ. 2005.
? Nuuyen Due Thac. Cdch irng xir vdi ddng lien ma hgc sinh trung hgc I Id Ndi. Tap chi iaml> hpc, S6 4'2003.
4. \ \ ' Pcinnski. Tdm ly hoc lira tudi vd Tdm l\ hoc sir pham (Tap 1. Tap 2). \ X H Giao due. 1982.
5 Pham Tat Dong (Chii bien). \i:Li\cn Quang Uan. \ g u \ c n Hai Khoat, Tdm ly hoc dai cirang. NXB Iht^ng ke I la N6i. 2003.
TAPCHITAMLyHOC, S.M (214), 1 -2017
