CNM
H6| THM CONC NCHt NO m GUM 1HEU TAC OaNG D 6 | Mdi 11VI6NG VA TW THU TU NGUTEN naiAN^NHU>}G THANH T U U CHU YEU TRONG CONG NGHIEP NO MIN THE GIOTI TUT CUOI THE KY XX
PGS.TS. HO SY GIAO - Hgi KH&CN Mo Viet Nam PGS.TS. BUI XUAN NAM - Tru&ng Dai hgc Mo-Dja chat 1. Tinh hinh chung v l SLP dung c h i t no
Theo danh gia cua cac chuyen gia v l chit n l , hien nay nhu clu chit n l cdng nghiep toan t h i gidi dat khoang tren 6,5 trieu tIn/nam. Nudc di diu trong viec nghien cuu, san xuit va tieu thu vat lieu n l la My.
Hang nam, ngudi My san xuit va su dung tdi 2 trieu t i n chit n l , Nga san xuit khoang 0,6 trieu tin, Trung Qule san xuit khoang 0,4 trieu t i n , cac nude chau Au san xuit va tieu thu khoang 0,4 trieu tin. Nhu clu chit n l cdng nghiep cac nudc lan can trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A d muc dp khdng Idn: Thai Lan khoang 30-MO ngan tIn/nam, Inddndxia khoang 100.000 tIn/nam, Malaixia khoang tren 20.000 tIn/nam, cac nude Lao, Campuchia, Singapo,... muc dp tieu thu khdng dang k l .
D l dap ung dugc nhu cau VLNCN, cac nudc nhu: My, Thuy Diln, Oxtralia, Nga, Trung Qule tap trung nghien cuu va san xuit chit n l cdng nghiep t h i he mdi (chit n l sach) cd thanh phin ca ban la nitrat amdn (NH4NO3). O My hang nam san xuit tren 2 trieu t i n chit n l cdng nghiep t h i he mdi, trong dd 64,5 % la ANFO, 30,5 % la nhu tuang va 5 % la chit n l cd sue edng pha rit manh.
0 Viet Nam, nhu c l u su dung VLNCN ngay cang tang. Chi rieng d i i vdi nganh than, niu duy tri he s l bdc dit da nhu hien nay (Ktb = 10+12 m^/tln) thi nhu clu chit n l cdng nghiep trong nhung nam 2010-^2025 dao ddng trong khoang 120-^150 ng.tln/nam. Hien nay d Viet Nam cd 6 doanh nghiep dugc nha nudc cho phep san xuit vat lieu n l cdng nghiep (VLNCN) la Cdng ty Hoa chit md thupc Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than-Khoang san Viet Nam va 5 nha may Z thudc Tong cue Cdng nghiep Qule phdng-Bp Quoc phdng.
San phim dugc san xuit theo danh muc cua Bp Cdng Thuang cdng b l d l dap Crng nhu clu tieu thu trong nudc.
Tu nam 1991 trd di nganh san xuit VLNCN d Viet Nam da ty san xuit va cung clp dugc 2/3 nhu c l u su dung cua cac nganh va budc diu da dap ung duge mpt s l loai VLNCN trong dd cd ca cac loai VLN tien tiln. Day la tiln bp budc diu, tao t h i chu ddng d l phat triln nganh VLNCN d nudc ta.
2. NhCpng thanh tipu noi bat trong cong nghiep nd min
2.1. Ve chat no
Nam 1960 cac nha khoa hpc da phat che thanh cdng c h i t n l ngam nudc (Watergel), chua 20 % nudc, cd ty trpng tdi 1,25-^1,26 va kha nang sinh cdng 320-^330 cm^ d l n l trong mdi trudng ngam nudc. Tuy nhien loai c h i t n l nay cd nhuge dilm la dudng kinh tdi han Idn (80 mm), tinh on djnh hoa hpc kem va d i t t i l n . Dk khiic phue eae nhuge d i l m tren cac nha khoa hpc My da nghien cuu thanh cdng c h i t n l nhu tuang (Emulsion Explosive-1978) vdi nhung uu dilm n l i bat: ty trong 1,25+1,30; kha nang sinh cdng 330+340 cm^; cd kha nang chju nudc tdi 72 gid; khdng gay d nhiem mdi trudng; cd dudng kinh tdi han nho (32 mm), an toan trong san xuit, bao quan va su dung, dac biet la tu khi e h l tao dugc cac bong bdng thuy tinh (chit tang nhay n l m trong chit n l nhu tuong) va gia re han chit n l ngam nudc. Su ra ddi cua chit n l nhu tuang dugc danh gia nhu mpt budc dot pha trorig cdng nghiep e h l tao chit n l eua t h i ky XX.
Thanh phin: Chit n l nhu tuang bao glm nhung hat sieu mjn cua mdt dung djch oxy hoa qua bao hoa, trdn trong mdt pha d i u lien tuc. V l ban chit, 2 pha cua nhu tuang (nudc va diu) khong t h i trpn l i n dugc, nhung lai duge I n djnh nhd cae chit cd hoat tinh b l mat.
Cac hat sieu mjn dugc ep dudi ap lye eao, tao ra sy lien kit cac phin tu vat chit chat che vdi nhau, giup cho qua trinh phan ung n l xiy ra manh liet Clu true "nudc trong diu" tao ra kha nang ching sy tham nhap cua nudc vao khdi chit n l , vi vay lam tang tinh chiu nudc cua chit n l nhu tuang.
Thanh phin hoa hpc cua nhu tuong bao glm:
••• Chit oxy hoa: nitrat amon, nitrat canxi;
<' Chit chay: d i u , bpt nhdm (Al);
• Phin tu lam tang dp nhay: bong bdng khi;
• Chit tao nhu: phuc chit;
•:• Chit I n djnh hoa hpe: hgp chit ca-kim;
• Phu gia: nudc va mpt s l chit khac.
HOI THAO CONG NGHE NO MJN GIAM THIEU TAC DONG DEN MOI TRUDNG VA TAN THU TAI NGUYEN KHOANG SAN Mdt^ trong nhung yeu c l u ca ban trong c h i tao
chit n l nhu tuong la chit lugng cua cac bong bdng tang nhay cua chit n l . Cac bong bdng nay dugc ehl tao tu thuy tinh. Theo tieu chuIn cua My thi bong bdng thuy tinh cd cac thdng s l ky thuat sau:
• Dudng kinh: 1 micromet;.
• Bong bdng phai ding nhit, cd dp rong va kin;
• Cd cudng dp chju va dap 250 Psi (loai I) va 500 Psi (loai II).
N I U cudng dp chju va dap cua bong bdng kem thi chung se bj va nat trong qua trinh van chuyin, bao quan va su dung lam cho chit n l mit kha nang n l . Trong nhilu nam. My ddc quyln v l ky thuat c h i tao bong bdng thuy tinh va xuit khiu cho cac hang san xuit chit n l nhu tuong tren t h i gidi.
Nhuge dilm cua bong bdng thuy tinh la khd ehl tao, gia thanh cao, nhit la trong qua trinh san xuit chit n l , do phai gia nhiet (85 °C) d l gay ra hien tugng truang nd khi trong bong bdng, kit hgp vdi quIy dao tao ra cac va cham ca hpc lam cho bong bong bj n l va kich n l chit n l . Theo thing ke, chi rieng hang ehl tao chit n l Westspreng GMBH (DCrc) da cd tdi 400 ngudi chit do tai nan kilu nay.
Nhlm loai bd cac tai nan chit ngudi trong san xuit chit n l nhu tuang cd su dung bong bdng thuy tinh, nam 1995 cac nha khoa hpc My da nghien cuu thanh cdng cdng nghe c h i tao bong bdng khi bing phuang phap hoa hpc. Cac bong bdng nay nlm sin trong thanh phin cua chit n l va ehl trd thanh cac tam gay n l khi chit n l duge kich n l . U'u dilm cua bong bdng khi hoa hpc la:
• Dam bao an toan trong san xuit va su dung;
• Chit lugng cua chit n l nhu tuong I n djnh va tit han;
• De c h i tao va gia thanh thip (chi bing 50 % gia thanh bong bdng thuy tinh).
Hien nay cac hang san xuit chit n l nhu tuang tren thi gidi diu su dung cdng nghe nay.
Dk thuan Igi han trong viec nap chit n l vao lo min va nang cao mat dp chit n l trong lo min, trong nhung nam gin day ngudi ta da san xuit dugc chit n l nhu tuang rdi tren ca sd chit nhu tuang nin, theo phuang phap: C h i tao rieng pha nudc (bao g l m cac thanh phin NH4NO3, NaNOs, H29,chlt I n djnh bpt, chit dem pH) va pha d i u (bao g l m cac thanh phin parafin Idng, chit nhu hoa, chit I n djnh nhu); sau dd cho pha nudc vao pha d i u va trpn trong thilt bj tao nhu chuyen dung.
ANFO (chu viet t i t cua Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil)- tuy khdng phai la mdt phat minh Idn nhu nhu tuong, nhung v l mat hieu qua su dung thi cung eln nhle tdi. ANFO dugc cac nha khoa hpc My phat minh vao nam 1954, bao g l m thanh phan: 94 % nitrat amdn hat xlp hinh clu, dudng kinh 1+3 mm, trpn d i u vdi 5+6 % dau diezen. ANFO cd cac uu dilm:
• Nguyen lieu phong phu; • :; •= .:i>=
• C h i tao dan gian; : ^''
• Sue cdng pha trung binh;
• An toan trong qua trinh san xuit, bao quan va su dung;
•:• Khdng gay d nhiem mdi truang (can bing dxy bing 0);
• Gia re (chi bing 70 % gia amdnit).
Nhuge dilm cua chit n l ANFO la khdng dung dugc trong mdi trudng cd khi va bui n l , dudng kinh tdi han hai Idn (60 mm).
Dk su dung trong lo khoan cd nudc, ngudi ta dua vao thanh phin chit n l mdt loai gel chju nudc (ANFO chju nudc).
Gin day ngudi ta da c h i tao dugc chit n l ANFO nang tren ca sd chit nhu tuang Epgold, loai chit n l nay uu viet han ANFO chju nudc: ty trpng Idn, cd t h i chim vao nudc nhanh chdng; tinh chju nude cao hon nhilu so vdi ANFO chju nudc; sue cdng pha cao han; mat dp khi nap vao Id min ldn han do Cd t h i nap bing ca gidi;.... ;
D l san xultva nap ANFO ning vad lo min, hang ICI (Oxtralia) da che t$d xe chuyen idung Flexhnaster.
Xe cd 3 ngan chinh d l chua d i u diezen, nitrat ariidn, chit nhu tugng (Epgold) y l 1 ngan phu chua nudc d l thau rCra sau moi Iln nap. Nguyen ly hoat dpng cua Flexmaster la: dau tieh trpn d i u diezen vdi nitrat amon vdi ty le xac djnh d l tao thanh ANFO, sau dd qua he thing cap lieu vit xpan, ANFO duge trpn d i u vdi Epgold d l tra thanh ANFO nang trudc khi nap vao Id min. Trong qua trinh nap, chit n l thay t h i d i n nudc trong lo khoan va d l y nugc trio ra ngoai cho tdi khi nap xong ma khdng can bam nudc thao khd Id khoan trudc khi nap.
2.2. Ve phirong tien no
Nam 1970 he thing kich n l phi dien vi sai d i n ms ra ddi, day la mpt trong nhung phat minh quan trpng nhit v l cdng nghe n l min d t h i ky XX. He thing nay dugc cdng ty Nitrd Ndben, Thuy Diln c h i tao va dua ra thj trudng nam 1973 va dugc su dung d cac nudc phat triln.
O Viet Nam mai d i n nhung nam d i u thap ky 90 cua t h i ky XX mdi dugc cac tap doan san xuit chit n l ORICA cua Uc va IDL cua An Dp dua vao ap dung thu. Hien nay cdng nghe n l vi sai phi dien da dugc khai thac su dung hieu qua trong cac cdng trinh n l pha, tren cac md Id thien, dac biet chilm uu t h i trong cac cdng trinh n l Idn hoac cdng trinh n l ddi hdi ky thuat cao.
Ngdi n l vi sai phi dien: Day la mdt he thing su dung nguln nang lugng thip (dang sdng n l ylu) d l kich n l . Nguln nang lugng nay dugc tao ra tu hop khdi n l (hoac kip nl) sau dd dugc duy tri va lan truyln trong day d i n tin hieu d l d i n kip n l :
HOI THAO CONG NGHE NO MIN GIAM THIEU TAC DONG DEN MOI TRUdNG VA TAM IHU IAI mwm Miunnu OHn
Kip n l cd cudng dp n l s l 8, chit n l nhdm 2 d day ed t h i la ten hoac pent, toj-dc chit n l nhdm 2 la chit n l kich thich chuyin tilp. Thdi gian cham n l cua kip do lugng chit chay cham phia trudc chit n l kich thich va dugc dat trong Ing thep. Khi nhan dugc tin hieu tu day truyln, chit n l chuyin tilp n l va lam chit chay cham hoat dpng. Kip phi dien khac kip dien d cho cd chit n l chuyin tilp nhay vdi tin hieu tu day din. Vd eua kip lam bing nhdm, mpt diu kip dugc g i n chat vdi day d i n tin hieu.
Day truyen tin hieu la day hinh tru ring, vd lam bing nhua bin dai, chle, kha nang chju keo t i t tii thilu la 13 kg, dudng kinh trong la 1 mm, dudng kinh ngoai tu 3-4 mm tuy theo yeu clu v l kha nang chju keo. Ben trong cd trang mdt Idp hoat chit HMX ed kha nang n l vdi tie dp 2000 m/s, mat dp hoat chit 17 mg/m.
Day chju dugc cac tac ddng ben ngoai nhu va dap, cp sat, khdng bj khdi n l bdi tTnh dien, ddng dien rd... Day chi bj khdi n l do xung lye tu kip n l , day n l , hoac may khdi n l chuyen dung cho vat lieu n l phi dien. Tac dung n l khdng t h i hien ra ben ngoai day, nhu vay sdng n l chi lan truyln trong Idng cua day.
Sau khi n l vd day vin nguyen ven. Mpt d i u day dugc lip c l djnh, gin chle vdi kip n l , d i u cdn lai dugc bdp bep d l ching I m hoac cac hda chit xam nhap.
D l diiu khiln linh hoat bai n l vi sai phi dien, he thing bao glm cac phu kien sau:
• Ngdi n l cham tren day ehinh: la ngdi n l phi dien cd dp cham ms dugc su dung thilt k l diiu khiln vi sai ngay tren mat d i t cho cac day truyln xulng lo khoan. Ngdi n l cham tren day chinh bao glm mpt Ing day din tin hieu cd mpt d i u bjt kin d l ngan nudc, cdn diu kia gin vdi ngdi n l vi sai phi dien chua 0,46g ten (hinh H.I). Ngdi n l cham tren day chinh dugc xem nhu mdt role vi sai diiu khiln tren mat.
H.I. Sa do ciu tao cue ngoi no phi dien: 1 - Day dan song no; 2 - Chat chong dong dien lac; 3 - Chat no chuyen tiep; 4 - Vo nhom; 5 - Chat no cham; 6 - Chat no moi (diazo); 7 - Chat nd chinh.
• Ngdi n l cham xulng Id: la ngdi n l phi dien cd dp cham tu phin ngan giay d i n vai phut, chua 0,79 g ten. Day din tin hieu cd dp bin ca hpc cao, chju dugc cac cp sat va va dap ben trong Id khoan, mpt d i u dugc bjt kin, cdn d i u kia dugc gin vao kip vi sai phi dien.
•:• Phuang tien d l lien kit mang d l lien kit nhanh, tien Igi khi lien kit mang n l thi cd t h i su dung mpt trong hai phu kien sau: hop nli chum dung d l nli va
truyln tin hieu sdng n l giua cac day tin hieu vdi nhau hoac giil'a cac day tin hieu vdi day n l . Hop nli chum cd mlu sic khac nhau d l phan biet, dugc lam bing nhya bin bao quanh ngdi n l d l tranh cac tac dpng vo hinh. Mdc chu "J" ghi rd s l n l cham va thdi gian n l cham, dung d l nli nhanh chdng va chic chin day tin hieu vao day truyln n l chinh.
• Day tin hieu so c l p (vi du nhu day LIL eua Oxtralia): La mpt loai day d i n tin hieu dung d l truyln tin hieu sdng n l tu nai diiu khiln n l d i n bai min phi dien. Day tin hieu sa clp cd dp dai khac nhau, mpt d i u bjt kin, d i u kia gan mdt kip n l tCrc thdi phi dien vdi cudng dp n l s l 8 d l diiu khiln n l cho lugng no d i u tien trong bai n l phi dien.
Lfu dilm chinh cdng nghe n l vi sai phi dien la:
<• Kit hgp dugc nhung uu dilm cua phuang phap gay n l bing dien va day n l ding thdi loai bo dugc nhOng nhuge dilm cua hai phuang phap nay.
• Dp tin cay va dp an toan cao.
• Cho phep thilt ke sa d l n l vi sai linh hoat vdi s l lugng khdng han chi.
<• Khdng chju tac ddng cua ddng dien tap va sdng dien tu.
<• D I U ghep dan gian.
• Cho phep thilt k l n l vi sai ngay trong lo khoan.
• Hieu qua pha da tit, cd hat diu, it d l lai mo chan ting, kich thudc ding da gpn.
*> Giam hau xung, cho phep tang quy md vu n l .
• Giam chi tieu thulc n l .
• Diiu khiln t i t hudng djch chuyin cua ding da.
• Viec phii hgp su dung de dang cac phu kien trong so d l n l lam cho viec thilt k l trd len thuan tien va t i i uu.
• Nang cao hieu qua n l so vdi cae phuang phap thdng thudng.
Cdng nghe n l vi sai phi dien ung dung duge trong t i t ca cae dang n l pha, tuy nhien nd t h i hien tinh hieu qua cao khi n l cac bai n l cd s l lo khoan Idn, cae cdng trinh n l ddi hdi yeu c l u ky thuat cao, eae cdng trinh nlm trong vung nguy hilm v l sdng dien tu va ddng dien rd.
Ben canh sy xuit hien nhu mpt dot pha cua he thing khdi n l phi dien, mpt trong nhOng ung dung eua ITnh vuc cdng nghe dien tu vao n l min culi t h i ky 20 la kip dien tu. Cd rit nhilu phuang tien n l d l diiu khiln n l vi sai, tuy nhien cae phuang tien dd diu ed sai s l Idn v l diiu khiln thdi gian vi sai, do nhilu nguyen nhan khae nhau nhu ddng dien, dp I m , nhiet dp cua mdi trudng, khdi lugng, mat dp chit chay...
Sau mpt thdi gian nghien euu, Davey Bickford, mpt chi nhanh san xuit cua Nitro Bickford, da nghien cuu thanh cdng kip n l dien tu vao nam 1996, trd thanh net b l sung hoan chinh cho buc tranh toan canh v l he thing kip n l ed cdng nang cao. Kip dien tt> (hinh
HOi THAO CONG NGHE NO MiN GIAM THEU TAC DONG DEN MOI TRUDNG VA TAN THU TAI NGUYEN KHOANG SAN
CNM
3) ung dung cdng nghe dien tu da giai quylt dugc cac nhuge dilm tren vdi sai s l rit nhd, tdi 1ms.
Khoang diiu khiln vi sai rdng tu 1-100 ms va cd thai gian cham n l phu thupc vao y 36 cita ngudi dilu khiln n l do dugc kilm soat, tfnh toan va lap trinh tren may tinh. Do vay tranh dugc cac nhlm lin khi thi cdng nap n l , cho phep dilu khiln chinh xac thdi gian n l eho cac kip vdi sai s l cyc nhd.
Kip dien tu su dung t i i uu trong cac dilu kien cin dp vi sai chuIn xac d l giam chin dpng, phat huy tinh uu viet cua n l min vi sai. Sy ra ddi cua kip n l dien ty cd gia tri Idn v l khoa hpc, cho phep dilu khiln vi sai tdi tOng nd min vdi mpi dan each thdi gian bit ky (1+2 ms), giam tdi muc nhd nhit s l lugng lugng n l phat n l tai mdt thdi dilm, giam bien dp cyc dai cua chin ddng so vdi khi dilu khiln bing kip dien thudng tdi 77 % (Kit qua do tai cdng trinh dudng him Marin- Tay Ban Nha - 7/2001, cudng dp chin dpng Idn nhit do dugc khi khdi n l bing kip dien vi sai Riodet la 22,6 mm/s, cdn khi khdi n l bing kip dien tu EzTronic do dugc la 5,21 mm/s.vdi khoang each tu tam n l la nhu nhau).
S4£>5:i»sss '".r^s:
5 . 4 / 3 / 2 / 1
fe
ZZ7
H.2. So do nguyen ly no min khi su' dung kip vi sai dien tu: 1 - Vo kip; 2 - Thuoc no manh; 3 - Lugng thuoc khai no; 4 - Chat boc chay; 5 - Day toe; 6 - Tu dien; 7 - Role tranzitor, 8 - Bo vi xu ly; 9 - Mang dieu khien logic; a - Mang day doi de truyen tin hieu xung; b - Thiet bj dieu phoi; c - May tinh xach tay hoac tram may tinh.
Kip dien tu van cdn nhuge dilm la phai cd he thing day ddi d l d i n tin hieu tu tram khdi n l tdi cac kip dien tu, lam phuc tap he thing mang n l khi d i u noi mang va thi cdng. Dk khic phuc nhuge dilm nay, Vipn nghien cuu Kim loai den CHLB Nga da c h i tao thanh cdng va dua vao su dung thilt bj "FROM" chi huy n l min bing sdng radio bao glm:
• Block chi huy cung cac tramthu nhan tmyen tin hieu dugc dat ngoai vung nguy hilm, dam bao truyln lenh chi huy d l kilm tra tin hieu radio va n l .
• Block thuc hien: Cd bd phan thu sdng radio dat trong hop cd dp bin cao, chju dugc va dap do da
vang. Block dugc dat each vj tri n l tu 100-150 m.
Block nhan tin hieu radio tu block chi huy va truyln tdi anten cua kip dien tu d l khdi n l day n l chinh eua khu vyc n l .
2.3. Ve thiet bi tao lo min
May khoan dap-xoay dung d l tao lo min cd dudng kinh 100+200 mm va sau 30 m trong dit da cd dp cung Pk=5+20, khi khai thac da lam vat lieu xay dyng, khi thi cdng cac cdng trinh thuy Igi, khai thac cac md quang cdng suit dudi 5 trieu m%am, cung nhu la d l lam cac cdng viec phu trg tren cac md Id thien cd Idn.
Lfu dilm cua loai may khoan nay la c l u tao don gian, cd chilu sau khoan Idn, cd t h i khoan xien dugc.
Nhung nhuge dilm la mui khoan mau mdn, tao nhilu bui khi khoan.
Nguyen ly pha vd d i t da khi su dung khoan dap - xoay la dudi lye dap tac dpng lien tuc theo ehu ky vao guong khoan va ding thdi quay cua mui khoan, dit da bj pha va va thii ra ngoai khdi guong khoan nhd nang lugng khf nen. Hoat ddng quay cua mui khoan dugc thye hien nhd nang lygng dien truyen cho dpng CO quay c i n khoan. Cai tiln Idn nhit trong ITnh vyc nay cua t h i ky XX la ngudi ta da c h i tao va dua vao su dung phi biln cac d i u dap thuy lye. Viec thay t h i diu dap khf nen bing dau dap thuy lye da lam tang ap lye khoan tu 0,5+0,7 MPa len 25+30 MPa, nhd dd tang nang lugng mdt iln dap cua pistdng len 500+1000 J, tang t i n s l dap len 3000+5000 lln/phut va din din kit qua la nang cao nang suit len 2+3 iln, giam tieu hao nang lugng va mui khoan dugc 25 %.
Ngoai ra, viee dua d i u dap xulng day Id khoan (dii vdi khoan cd dudng kinh khoan 89+251 mm) la mdt tiln bd Idn trong cdng nghe ehl tao may khoan, lam tang hieu qua nang lugng dap cua pistdng len guong lo khoan 1,3+1,6 Iln, khic phuc hien tugng chech hudng lo khoan, giam nguy co ket mui khoan,... t i e dp khoan cua loai may khoan nay trong d i t da cung cd t h i dat tdi 60 m/gid.
Nhung hang may md t h i gidi cd truyln thing c h i tao cac loai may khoan dap xoay la Atlas-Copco (Thuy Diln), Tamrock (Phin Lan), Ingersoll-Rand (My), Funjkawa (Nhat Ban),...
D i i vdi may khoan xoay clu, nhilu hang may md Idn nhu Ingersoll-Rand, Busirus-Erie, Tamrock,... da ehl tao dugc cac may khoan dudng kfnh tu 160+380 mm, khoan sau d i n 55 m, cd trang bj he thing ty ddng dilu kiln c h i dp khoan, he thing djnh vj toan clu GPS d l xac djnh chinh xac vj tri lo khoan. Tdc dp khoan cua may DM-45/LP cua hang Ingersoll-Rand cd t h i dat tdi 42 m/h trong da granit. Dudng kfnh may khoan clu 120A cua hang P&H len tdi 387 mm, chilu sau khoan mdt c i n la 9,8 m,...
Cac hang che tao may khoan cua LB Nga nhu (Xem tiep trang 4)
HOI THAO CONG NGHE NO MIN GIAM THIEU TAC DONG DEN MOI TRUDNG VA TAN THU TAl NGUYEN KHOANG SAN 1. Phat huy vai trd lanh dao cua Dang uy, tinh ty
chu cua tap t h i lanh dao, su phii hgp cua doan t h i quin chung, giQ vyng khIi doan k i t npi bp, tao dugc sue manh thing nhat, vugt qua nhung kho khan, thu thach d l cung nhau xay dyng dan vj vdi tinh thin "Ky luat va ding tam".
2. Chu dpng trong t l chye san xuit kinh doanh, s l p xlp, kien toan bp may quan ly, n l m bit dugc nhu c l u cua khach hang, n l m b i t dugc thdi ca thuan Igi trong san xuit kinh doanh, tao dugc m i i quan he t i t d i i vdi khach hang va dja phuang.
3. Duy tri nghiem tuc npi quy, ky luat lao dpng a cac khau san xuit, phat huy dugc hieu qua cong tac ty k i l m tra d t i t ca cac ITnh vyc, da kjp thdi c h i n chinh nhyng t h i l u sdt, t i n tai, qua dd nang cao trach nhiem cua CBCNV, tao sy thing nhit cao trong t l chuc san xuit, chi huy va quan ly dan vj.
4. Da xay dyng dugc dpi ngu can bp diiu hanh, can bp quan ly, ky thuat ty chu, nang dpng, nhiet tinh, tranh thu dugc sy ung hp, giup da cua cac dja phyang, dac biet la sy chi dao, giup da, tao diiu kien cua tap t h i lanh dao va cac phdng ban Cdng ty HCM-TKV.
5. Da thye hien t i t cac phong trao thi dua, dpng vien CBCNV tich cyc tham gia, xay dyng dugc cac tap t h i , ca nhan diln hinh tien tiln, qua do da gdp phan quan trpng vao k i t qua san xuit kinh doanh nam 2009.
6. Tap t h i CBCNV trong Cdng ty da tich cyc, chu dpng sang tao trong cdng tac, phat huy npi luc, tilm nang v l n cd, k l thCra va phat huy truyln thing, thanh tich dat dugc trong nhung nam qua, thuc hien t i t chuc trach, nhiem vu cua minh gdp phin vao thanh tich chung cua Cdng ty.
Nam 2010, vdi muc tieu: dam bao tuyet d i i an toan trong san xuit kinh doanh; giu vung thj trudng d khu vyc khach hang truyln thing, phat triln md rpng thj trudng d khu vuc khach hang mdi; triln khai t i t djch vu khoan-nl min nhlm chilm ITnh va kilm soat thj trudng; d l y manh san xuit va tieu thu thulc n l ANFO; tao du cdng an viec lam va tilp tuc nang cao thu nhap cho ngudi lao dpng;... toan t h i can bd cdng nhan Cdng ty Cdng nghiep Hda chit md Nam Bd dang d l y manh cac hoat dpng thi dua lao ddng san xuat, tilp tuc phat huy truyln thing cua nganh Hda chit md ndi chung va cua Cdng ty ndi rieng d l hoan thanh xuit sic muc tieu de ra va xung dang la mpt thanh vien cua Cdng ty Cdng nghiep Hda chit md-TKV, dan vj
"Anh hung thdi ky d i i mdi" da dugc Dang va Nha Nudc phong tang.I!!]
PV.
NHU'NG THANH TUtJ
(Tiep theo trang 15)
Buzuluxki, Voronhetxki,... cung dang cai tiln cac loai may khoan CBLU da cd theo hudng md rpng dudng kinh Id khoan va nang cao chilu sau khoan.
May khoan xoay clu-nhiet CBIJLI-250 MHP da dugc dua vao sir dung tren cac md s i t Id thien vung KMA d l khoan d i t da cung sau tdi 19 m ma khdng phai n l i c i n , phin nap thulc dugc md rpng tdi 400 mm bing mui khoan nhiet kem theo. Theo y kiln cua cac chuyen gia md cua Nga, thi tuang lai phai c h i tao cac may khoan xoay c l u cd dudng kinh tdi 450 mm hoac Idn han va phai dat dugc chilu sau khoan 45^60 m.
Tdm lai, trong nhung nam g i n day, nganh mo t h i gidi ndi chung va nganh md Viet Nam ndi rieng da thua hudng dugc nhung thanh tyu cua sy phat triln v l khoa hpc va cdng nghe, trong dd cd nhung thanh tyu v l cdng nghiep n l min, ma nhung thanh cdng, ddng gdp (du d muc dp nao) cua nhung ngudi van hanh trye t i l p cac hoat dpng trong ITnh vyc nay (trong dd cd Cty HCM Nam Bp) cung la mdt viec lam dang tran trpng va khich le.n
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Ho ST Giao, 2003. Cdng nghe khai thac Id thien Viet Nam vdi su" tiep can nhutig thanh tuU khoa hpc the gidi. Bao cao HNKH mo toan qud'c lan thif XV. Hpi KHCN md Viet Nam.
2. Ho ST Giao, 2004. Mudi nam phat trien khoa hpc cdng nghe trong ITnh vUc khai thac Id thien. Tap chf Than Viet Nam, sd dac biet -11/2004.
3. H 6 ST Giao, BCii Xuan Nam, 2006. Khai thac Id thien Viet Nam nhung thdi cd va thach thCfc trong tu'dng lai. Tap chi' KHKT Mo-Dja chat sd 14.
Ngu&i bien tap: Ho Sy Giao
SUMMARY '•
The paper shows the main achievements of blasting industry in the world at the end of 20 century.
