NGHItNClTU-TRAOBOl
Nling cao stccanli tranh cua doanh nghiep
nling san M Nam trong bo1 canh canh tranh quoc li
TRXN QUANG TUYf N (^®P *^^° SO 25/2008)
tao, tao viec lam cho nong dan la dieu Viet nhiing quoc gia co the co nhiing san pham J. Cac giai phdpndng^ cao sik canh Nam co the thi/c hien, khong vi pham cong nghiep phu trO phii hdp cho san xuat tranh CM D/V nong san Vift Nam ^ nguyen tac tif do thiTdng mai. nong san Viet Nam la Trung Quoc. Hien
Thii nhai, nhanh chdng chuyen doi mo ThUhai, tao dih kien thuan lai cho san ^^i, chung ta da va dang NK cac hoa chat, hmh san xuat trong nong nghiep. ^udt nong nghiep dudc tiep can dl dang vdi P^an bon, thuoc trilf sau ttf Tning Quoc,
De san pham nong san Viet Nam lam cdc nhan to san mat dau mo. song mcii tap trung vao cac nhom hang phuc ra CO cha't \mg d^ong d^eu va 6n dmh, dap So vdi chuin cua the" gidi cac nhan to' '"^ ' " ^ ^' °°°2 °|^^P' ^'^^^ '^^ ,^^°g iJng yeu c^au cua thi tnr5ng ngay cang cao d"au vao cua san xua't nong nghiep Viet ™° ^^ '^' 'f,.P^™ P'j'^^™, '^^ ^'^°
thi san xua't nho le cua cac ho gia dinh se Nam d"eu ye'u ca ve chi phi va cha't liTdng °"°S ^'° ^°°§ ^ " ' ^^[^^ P^*^' ^ '^^, kho dap tfng diTdc, do vay viec chuye'n krnh Do vay, cac giai phap cln tap trung vao ?S° °°°2, ? ° ''"^ '"^ "^^ '^'^ "^'^ '^^
te^ho san xual nong nghiep sang lam an tap nang cao chal tog va giam chi phi cac ^''° ' ? ^^, ^^ ° ° " | ' ' ° ' ^ ^ ^ ?f°S bao bi thi hay krnh te" trang trai la c k thiel khach nhan to' san xua't d k vao cho DN. Do cac ^^^^ ^ i^o... cua Trung Quoc kha phu h(?p quan. Can cong khai quy hoach dai, co nganh cong nghiep phu trd nong nghiep d ! ? . ^^ ^ " " ' ™°? °g"Jf ^^" °^° f"' chinh sach d^en bd giai phong m3t bbg ro Viet Nam chi/a phat trie'n 6i dap tfng du l'^} ^''^: Mi'c chuan chat liTOn^ cac dong rang va cu thi, giam thilu cac chi phi g.ao nhu cau va co chi phi bien cao hdn tiTdng ^!'' ^' " ^ i ' '^^^ "^?" ^"Hl'^'.'^' " ,^^' dich va cac chi phi khong chinh thiJc khac tfng so vdi chi phi bien cua nganh (xet theo ''' ''." P ^ ^ " ° " S '{^ '^' I"'" "^'P.^S khi DN giao dich xm ca'p d^t san xua't, kinh cung mil hang) tren thi tnrdng toan cau, ' f >.'" ''' "' 'S ^ f ' " '°'° "^'^ P^^"^
doanh. Cho phep chuyen nhiTdng va nen de nang cao nang li/c canh tranh cua '^"^ ] "? ''"°'^ '^'
chuyen doi muc dich si} dung dat hdp ly, DN, co the coi viec NK cac san pham phu ^ ^e tao dieu kien thuan Idi cho NK may nang mu'c han dien de nang cao kha n3ng trd cua The gidi nhi/la dieu kien can thiet ^^'^- *'^' ^! phuc^vu san xuat nong tap trung quy mo dat va sijf dung hieu qua cho DN. Can lifti y rbg, nang cao nang life nghiep, can co cac giai phap sau:
hdn. Trong qud trinh nay, nhieu nong dan canh tranh XK san pham nong san Viet Nha ni/dc phai ho trd tim kiem cac nho khong thich iJng difdc se bi dao thai. Nam khong xua't phat tif nganh nong nghiep nguon may moc che bien, may moc dong Do vay, Nha nirdc can c6 chinh sach tao ma no den tif nhieu nganh lien quan trong goi phu hdp vdi quy mo va tao ra di/dc dieu kien thuan Idi cho si/ chuyen doi tuf nen kinh te. Vi vay, neu cac nganh cong nhifng san pham chat li/dng, danh muc hoa san xua't nho len san xuat Idn, cac cong nghiep phu trd kem phat trien thi nang cao cac loai san pham nay va khuyen nghi cac viec chinh bao gom: nang li/c canh tranh DN nong san la dieu DN nong thon NK de thiJc hien.
Tao moi tnfdng thuan Idi cho nhiftig ^^^^ *^- ^ganh cong nghiep che tao may Nha nifdc h5 trd thong qua dao tao nong dan san xua't ca the muon chuyen len °o°g °g^?P ^",^ ^ ' ? ' ^^^ ^^ '1^°| 1^' ^ ngk han ve cac va'n de then chot cho phat san xua't quy mo Idn (kinh te trang trai ^^^ ""^y ^<^° g'^° ^^^'^ ™ '^° '^y ^™g '^ tnen nang li/c doanh nhan nong nghiep.
hoac hdp Ik xa). ' ^^ ly ^0,nSng_pham sau thu hoach chiJ , , .
• ^ ' ,.. ,' ^ . . . chi/a the san xuat cac may che bien vdi quy Ben canti ao, cac UIN AK co tne tan T?o dieu kien cho nhffng ngif&i nong ^ - ^ , ^^^ . ^ j^ ^^i ^ 1^^, ^g dung thdi cd tif viec cit giam thue quan dan tham gia vao san xuat Idn co the tni p^^^, ^^, nhau d nhik dia phi/dng. Ly do ^ ^ ° ' ] ' ^hifdng trinh thu hoach^sdm va 16 viTng lau dai. Ca hai cong viec tren hen ^g„ ^an la nghien ciJu va dau tif cho ra ddi ^nnh cat giam nhanh quan thue de ban nong quan den cic chinh sdch scl hiTu va chuyen ^^^^ ^^^ ^^y ^^ ^^^ j^g^g ^^^^^ ^ ^^^ san pham sau do NK cong nghe va thiet bi nhifdng, chuyen doi muc dich suf dung dat, (j^ ^^g^g i^. ^^ ^y pj^^j. ^ ^^^^ ^^ che bien nong san tif cac ni/dc nh'J Trung chinh sdch ve von, tif van khoa hoc cong tn/dng difdc phan tan kha nho vdi cac loai Quoc va ASEAN ve Viet Nam. M3t khac, nghe, thi tnfdng. ^g^g pj,^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^jja^ ^^ y^y_ ^.-'j, nghien ciili dk diem thi tnfcJng va tinh phu
C6 phifdng dn giup nhifng ngiTdi nong khong chi phat trien cac nganh phu trd hdp ciia ttfng loai san pham nong san che dan khong c6 klia n3ng chuyen len san trong nifdc ma co the thong qua chinh sach ben de to chtfc san xuat nham XK sang cac xua't Idn va nhiTng ngiTdi gap nii ro... qua thifdng mai de cac DN nong san co the co thi tnfcing nay. Nhif vay, cai nhin c( day la chiTdng trinh tao viec lam phi nong nghiep difdc cac tif lieu san xua't can thiet vdi gia coi Viet Nam va phan con lai ciia (5 nong thon. Viec ho trd giSo due va d^o thanh thap, chat lifdng phu hdp.. Mot trong the gidi nhif la mot thi tnfiing nong ' ^
TNUONG MM S« 29/2008 I 5
j^gCT
NGHItNCaU-TRAODOl
san tong the thi co the tan dung Nganh nong san lien quan den so phan nong san se difdc san xuat vdi ky thuat cao nhiing thanh uni ciia the gidi cho phat trien ciia hang trieu nong dan, da phan la nhifng va cho nang suat Idn hdn, tilf do se cung cap nganh ndng nghiep va hien dai hoa nong ngifdi ngheo va ho se la doi tildng bi thiet nguon nguyen lieu on dinh va chat lifdng thon cua Viet Nam. thoi hdn khi hoi nhap. 'Vi vay, vai tro ho trd tot cho DN nong san, dong thdi no cung
Thiiba, thuc hien lien ket 6 "nha": Nha '^"^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ '^an thiet, tuy nhien ho trd dem lai thu nhap cao va on dinh hdn cho nude - nha nong - nha khoa hoc - nha DN ^^ ^^ °^0' *^°^ ^^^^ "^^^ ^^ ^^?° phap ra ngiTdi nong dan. DN nong san can ngif5i - nha bang - nha truyen thong, trong do ^^^ ^^ '-^ hieu qua va cong bang, nhifng lao dong diTdc dao tao tot, co nang suat cao nha nude co vai trd phoi hdp, lien ket cdc Phai phii hdp vdi nguyen tac W do thUdng nhitog vdi mfe liTdng v^a phai. Do vay,
"nha" lien quan vd dau tu quang bd cho ™^^ '-"^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^'° ^ '^^^ ^^^^ 1^™ ''O- ^hlnh phii can cd nhffng chiTdng trinh dao cdc nganh nong san chu dao cua quoc gia Q"^ nghien cu^ thiic trang cac nhan to san tao mien phi ho3c vdi hoc phi thap de
Trong thifc te', Nha niidc cd thi h5 trd ^'' '^'. "^'J' ^ !f^ ^^ ''9 f ^^° ° ^ \ " °S^^' f ° "S'!^^ d nongthon co cd san xual nong nghiep thong qua Hoi Nong f'^" 'f'\'''. ^'^[ ^Z''\ \ '' ' ' r ^ T'J'Zf , fl^ ' ^
^s„ ujAt M„,^ .^ ' u ,A- \,, -<- lao dong d nong thon kha dn nhtfng cac dao tao len mit bang liidng d hnh vu^c nay.
dan Viet Nam trong cac hoat dong tif van, ^., \^ , , ^ ,..- v , . ,t - r-- FAM - ' ' - - 4...' - .i,„„i„ „;„^ „A \,' v>' ^ -' ^ DN nong san lai thieu nguon nhan rnc co Cac DN nong san se nang cao diidc nang chuyen giao cong nghe, ho sd vay von va , . . v . - . . , - * ^ <, . v • .. ,^ , , ? , r . , . v •. ,..*
,s,;^„. u' .u'' u ' 4w .u -' w A T ^'> ky nang va trinh do dap ifng yeu cau, ngoai i/c canh tranh bdi ho co nguon nguyen leu xay diing he thong hoa ddn thue VAT de •' -^'^.v.,.^ .'u- .• ^ - u- .>. ~ -» u- T. u--. i.w n- cac DN CO thi dl dang ky hdp rfong vdi ^- '','! t ^ ' ' ' ,^°°? '^ '' 5"°? "S"?^ 'V^^'J •^^'l''^' ? ^ ' ? • ' sieu thi. Nha nifdc vdi vai tro dam bao cha't ?,f}\^' ^'"^ ''^?. 't''"'"'' °™^ \'" gia. phap ho trd nhif tao viec lam ph. nong ,^. '. , ,,. . _, , d Viet Nam. Cac giai phap can tap trung ho nghiep, khuyen nong, cung giao due va dao liTdng nong san thong qua cac cd quan quan , ^ , - . , . .^-t. vv - .A- - , i'- u - u-. >-u 7 ^ v.-; ^ 1 - °i •' . u"-. ^.,^ " ' .i-1- L trd hai nhom doi Ufdng: ngiidi nong dan va tao la thuoc nhifng Gnh vifc duy nhat ma ly va kiem tra chat lifdng nong san vdi hinh v ,. ,, u' nxT - ' M- ^^-.^T ' - .u''fw -' ' ^ l u - !.-•> • 1', ,u^.i u . U-- • u XT - nguon nhan liic cho DN nong san. Nong Viet Nam co the trd cap ma khong he vi thifc thifdng phat nghiem minh. Ngoai ra .- -. ^ , ^ ' i , - , ^ ^^ , ^ ' . ' - ,•> ^ w-rn u . •> - Mv.- ,A • !i.'>\.^;wi u' - .u' .u - dan can difdc ho trd de chuyen sang san pham nguyen tac cua WTO, hdn niTa cac Nha nifdc CO the ho trd kha nang thoa thuan ,<-.•, ,v , .: ,^,\ . ° ,, ^.,: , ^ \ . .,^ .. ..,..,
u-u^ 4-^- • -V - J- ~ T^'xT xuat Idn, phan lao dong dif thifa se chuyen giai phap nay dat difdc muc tieu ma Viet va quan he hdp dong giifa nong dan va DN n •- ^ I L ' . u^ « . - xi , - -- A^'i^ - . i ' ,, \ •'^ 1 u . . .i, u.. .u- L sang lam viec d khu vifc phi nong nghiep. Nam luon mong muon, do la tang tnfdng thu mua nong san nhif tnfdng hdp thanh ^. .4- -' .- ,u ''- - \.^ u^ . - u . - ' ^ - i.^ - i . - - -' iT'Fvn - w« X' Cong vdi cong tac khuyen nong, chac chan kinh e va cong bang xa hoi •
cong cua HTX Rau cau Moc Chau. • b b : f h b • ThU tu, tiep tuc tdng cUdng dau tu kit
cau hq tdng nong nghiep, nong thon.
Dau tif vao ket cau ha tang d nong thon
dem lai hieu qua rat idn. Nghien ciili ciia QO trUdng hdp dang tiec Ici Ct)' Viet Nam mua hdne cua nUdc khdc, gia tri Idn, ky WB cho thay, cii chi 1 ty dong dau ti/ cho /j^^ j ; ^ ^ ^ /^^ ,,^/ ct\- Xingapo qua mang, khong tham tra Cty. Den thdi gian giao giao thong nong thon giiip 270 ngifdi thoat y„^^ cjy Xingapo dd lap bg chiing tii gia lay tih roi nhung hang khong ve. Doi ben ngheo. Tac dong nay la khac nhau giUa cac ^^^^ ^^',' ^„^ /^,- Q^, Xingapo Ian lUa vien cd hiia giao hang, nhUng hang thang sau viing, ci cac viing cd he thong giao thong j,j„ ^ y „ ^ ^/^^^ i^^. ^^ Q^, y,'^^ /^am mdi biet bi lita. Cd trudng hdp NKphdn bon cho kem phat tnen tM tac dpng nay la Idn hdn. ,,„ „,^^ „;,^^ ^y„g ^„^, ^,„)j ^^^^ ^,/,^- ^.„ ,;,/ j - „ j^^^ ^-,' ^^^^^^ j^^ j^y„g ^/^^
Dau tii vao ket cau ha tang d nong thon se ;,^„g^ ,^^^. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^/^^ ^ y „ ^ ^^^ j/,^,- ^,„ ^^^^| „ „ ^ ^^^^j ^^^ /^^ f^^„;, ^;,-p gulp DN tiet kiem difdc^chi phi san xuat „;,^^ ^;,^„^ j | ^j ^^,- ^^^^ „^j^^,- ^^„ ^^. ^^^^^^
trung gian, cac chi phi dau vao va chi phi T^ ,/7^ , ~ ' - ^ . < . . , - < - , , < - . •> . ,.
giao dkh khac va do vay DN nong san se - ^^ ^^' ^''"'^"^ •'^^•^' '^^ "^""^, ^"^ ^'"'^^"^ ' ' ^ ^^' ^^" '^'^ ^'^ '"'" ^" ^"^" ^^ '"^' ^''"
•' ^,w u ' u - - ' „ UA 1 , ' .; ^^n. Cn' Viet Nam qua tin, chap nhan nhiing chuyen sau cho Cty Xingapo thanh toan giam di/dc cm phi, nang cao hieu qua san , ' ,• • , , rl,. , r^m ' ,;• * j . ^v ,,,;,. *- .. , - ' , . xua't. Tuy nhien, d k tii vao ke't cau ha t^ng '^ff P^J'^S '^"l ^i ^"l ^f' ''""J ? ' " f f "«^ ^^Z' ^ " ^ ^ f ^' ™^ ^^f!' , f f ' '^
doi hoi ngu^on von rat Idn, vi vay viia tang ^".'f'^"""/'"'' '^'P'^!'^''f "^'p!!^ ^^fM'^'^V '^'^^ ^"'' ^'^ ^"^ '^"J""!' d k ti/ tif ngan sach nha nifdc phai Wfa da ? ' ^^'"J ^'>' ^ ' ^ ^ ^^>' '^'^^'[' f"' ^/j C'^' ^ ' f ?'^'" ^'"'« ^'^ ^^^ '"'^^ ^''''"S ^''•'"
dang hoa cac ngu^on von dltilp tuc d k t i r ditng noi, hoaclua dao, quyt, iron luon khong tra tien.
phat triln manh hdn cd sd ha tang kinh te, l^c nay, ThUdng vu cQng nhan dUdc bo ko sd cHa mot Cty XK thuy san Viet Nam xa hoi nong thon. Dl tang cifdng nguon <ie nghi giiip dd ddi hdn 86.000 USD tih hang dd hang thang nay Cty NK Xingapo vo'n dau tif cho cd sd ha tang d nong thon, khong tra. theo phUdng thiic thanh toan D/A.
can da dang hoa nguon von thong qua cac Vi \'flv, ThUdng vii Viet Nam tai Xingapo xin canh bao va de nghi cdc DN Viet Nam kenh khac ngoai^ngan sach nha nifdc nhii £1 lam an vdi thUdng nhan nUdc nao ciing nen chat che, cu the cdc dih khoan ky ket nguon ODA, nguon vo'n ciia tif nhan trong hdp dong, vd cdn nhdc het s^c ky ludng khi chap niictn XK theo phucfng thiic thanh toan va ngoai nifdc. D/P hoac D/A.
Cuoi ciing, tao viec lam vd dao dao (Nguon tin til ThUdng vu Xingapo) nguon nhan luc lao dong nong thon
6 I THUONG Hfl 86 29/2008
LUU Y VE CAC VU TRANH CHAP KHilU KIEN, Kl CA LUIA DAO GIUA CAC CTY VIET NAM VA CAC CTY XINGAPO
