IXIGHIEIV CLTU OAIVH GIA HIEU Q U A X U LY JVIOT S O T H A I V H PHAIM C H A T D IMHiilVI H U U C O CO TROIVG
IXIUQC T H A I 5 A I \ I X U A T B I A B A I M G IVIUIXI C U A Pham Thi Trang'. Duong Ttu HSu^
T6MTAT
Ket qua nghien cuu dugfc thuc hien Iren mau nude thai n i a nha may bia tai Ha Noi. Trong qua trinh san xuat, nha niiy da phat sinh mot lugng ldn nude thai co chiia nhieu thanh ph&n gay 6 nhiem moi trudng d^ic bi^t la cac hop chat hiru co. Vat lieu duoc nghien cmi de xu ly la mun cua da duoc boat hoa d SOOT, Ket qua ciia nghien ciiu chi ra rang gia tn khdi luong toi uu ciia miin cua la 2 g doi vdi 100 mL nude thai. Hi^u suat xu ly cac tiiong so lan luot la TSS (90,49% - 95,93%), COD dat tii 82,94% - 87.78%. BOD,, tu 70.74% - 81,92%, nito tir 69,2 - 71,19%, photpho tong sd dat tir 60,65% - 72.02%. Hieu qua xu ly nude thai nha may bia bang miin cua hoat hoa dat k6t qua tdt. Mau nude sau xu ly hau het deu dat chuan so vdi cot B ciia QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. trir thdng sd BOD,.
Tukhda: O nhiem huu ca, mun cua hoat hoa, san xuat bia. .xii ly nuoc thai.
1. Ma DAU
Trong qua trinh boat ddng san xuat bia tao ra mot luong ldn cac chat thai gay d nhidm mdi trudng, dac buH la nude thai. Nude thai san xuat bia chu y^u phat sinh tir qua hinh ve sinh may moc, thiet hi, nha xudng, tap trung d khu vuc len men. Ipe bia va chiet san pham. Trong nude thai co thanh phan phuc tap, ndng dp chat huu co, luong chat ran la lung eao...
Nguon thai nay n^u khdng duoc xu ly se gay d nhi^m nioi trudng, anh hudng xau den sue khde va ddi sdng cpng ddng. Vat lieu hap phu ed eau tnic mang ludi tinh the rdng xdp nen co kha nang lam sach mdi tmong nude. Viec nghien eiru kha nang xu ly hop chat huu CO ed trong nude thai san xuat bia bang nnin cua co y nghia khoa hoc, gdp phdn bao ve mdi tiiidng.
2, PHUONG PHAP NGHei CUU 2.1. PhiKmg p h a p lay m i u - Tlidi gian lay mau: 10 gid.
- Tan suat lay mau: Cac mau nude thai dugc lay 4 dot, vao eae thang 1/2019. thang 2/2019, thang 3/2019 va thang 4/2019.
- Sd Iuong mau: 4 mau (01 mau / I dot).
- Vj tri lay mau: b^ chtia nude thai tap trung.
- Phuong phap lay mau: theo TCVN 6663-1:2011.
- Bao quan mau: theo TCVN 6663-3: 2008.
2.2. Phuong phap phan tich
Thdng sd nghien cuu dupc phan tieh bang nhung phuong phap cu the nhu bang 1.
Bang 1. Phuong phap phan tich dc chi tifiu trong thi nghidm
Thong so pH Nhiet do BOD, COD Nilo tong so Phot pho long sd TSS
Phuong phap phiin lich Do bang may do pH IVIeter ST5000
May do pH Meter ST5000 SMEWW 5210B:2012 SMEWW 5220C:2012 TCVN 6638:2000 TCVN 6202:2008 TCVN 6625:2000 aSO 11923:1997)
Tmdng Dili lioc Nong - Lam Bac Giang Email: [email protected]
2.3. Phucmg phap bd tri thi nghidm 2.3.1. Thiet bl
- Tu say: say khd vat lieu trudc khi Ihi nghiem.
- Can phan tich 4 sd: can hda chat, vat lieu can thiet de tien hanh thi nghiem.
- May do pH ST 5000: do pH, nhiet dd ciia mau nude thai.
- May do tong chat ran lo lung model 711, Hang Royee Techologies: xac dinh thdng sd TSS.
- May UV - VIS 6100: xac dinh thdng sd COD, nito tdng sd, photpho tdng sd.
-Tii am BOD5: xac dinh gia tri thdng sd BODr, - May lac ngang 3006: lac mau phan tieh.
M A M / ^ W / : ; H I F P V A PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC Cd.-
- . 1 0 0 % 2.3.2 Vat heu
- Miin cua da hoat hda a 300 C.
- Nude thai nha may bia lay tai be tap trung 2.3.3. Bo tri thi nghiem
Thi nghiem bd tri theo phuong phap ngau nhien: Can lin luot m,, m.. mj... (g) miin cua cho vao trong 100 mL miu nude thai.
- l i e cac mau nude tren may lac trong vdng 60 phtit, sau dd de yen 30 phtit, do anh hirdng eua nhiet dp, ap suat, pH eua miu dac biet do eau tnic ciia mun CLTd hoat hda lien quan d&n kich thude mao quan, dien tich be mat nen can cd mdt khoang thdi gian (hich hop gnip he dat trang thai can bang hap phu de tiniraA(g) miin etra tdi uu [21, [4].
2.4. Phuong ph^p xii ly k^t qua
Hieu suat hap phu dupc danh gia thong qua cdng thiic:
Trong dd: H: Hieu suat hap phu (%): C,,: Nong dd ban dau (mg/l); C,: N6ng do sau hap phu (mg/l).
Danh gia chat lupng nude thai dau vao va dau ra cua thi nghiem dupc so sanh vdi QC\?s 40:2011/BTNMT cot B, Quy chuan Ky thuat Quoc gia vd nude thai edng nghiep.
S.KFiqUAniGHBUCUU
3.1. Dac tinh eua mim cua hoat hda
Mun CUB la chat thai ra ctia qua trinh chd bidn go. Gd tir mdt khdi to dupe tao hinh mang di cira.
cha, bao mdn de tao ra hinh khdi mong mudn. qua h'inh dd da tao ra eae vun gd nho goi la miin cua.
Mim cira cd Idch thude nho, dudng kinh tir mdt den mdt vai mm.
Miin cua duoc boat hoa bang each nung trong lo dien U-ong dieu kien yem khi d nhiet dp 300'C trong khoang 1 Ueng. Sau dd, mim eua duoc cho vao hdp kin day nap de ngudi. tranh tiep xuc nhieu vdi khdng khi.
Khong nen nung mim cua b nhiet dp qua cao, vi can true ctia hat mim eua rat nhd se lam cho Idp mim d hen bi chay (hanh tro cdn Idp mim a dudi van chira
dupc nung. Thdi gian nung ndu qua ngan thi mun cua chira dupc boat hda het thanh than, thdi gian qua lau se khien miin cua hi nung qua thanh txo khong the sii dung duoc.
Mim cua sau khi boat hda ed mau den (cdn duoc gpi la than hoat tinh). ed tac diing hut bam. Hiil ham la mdt hien hrong bd mat do vay co lien quan toi
\Ting b^ mat, mdi tnidng. Su hiit thay the sue hiit noi phan tii giua bd mat eacbon va chal bi hiit.
Lire hiit ed the bidn doi bang each tang mat dp tlian hay giam khoang each giua be mat than va chat bi hap phu.
Toan bd than dupc sir dung trong viec hiil c6 the tai sinh trong mot sd dang khac nhau. Plio bien la eho vao Id nung hoat tinh lai, ddi hoi phai ddt nong than len, khii cac cha't hum co bi hap phu.
' ^ ^ ^
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Hmh 1. Anh SEM ciia mim cua hoat h6a Miin eua sau khi hoat hoa cd eau tnic (6 ong xoo do la su sap xep vd trat lu 3 ehi6u cua eh&t thom va manh tinh the 6 eanh. Kich thude mao quan khoang 50 ~ 150 (im, dien tich bd mat 100 - 300 m'Vgam. Vcji cau tnic nay tao ra eac 16 giiia cac lop kich thuoc phan li> de tang tinh hut cd loi ciia miin cua hoat hoa
3.2. Tinh ch^t cua nude thai sir dung trong nghidn cuu
Mau nubc thai duoe lay va phan tich trudc khi tidn hanh thi nghiem. Ket qua phan tich the h ' ' bang 2.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TDIEM NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/202D
Bang 2. K^t qua phan tich chat lupng nuoc thai tai be chiia nirdc that tap trung Thong so
pH Nhiet do TSS COD BOD5 Nito tong so Phot pho long so
Don vi
°C mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
Thai gian lav mau Lani
7,3 24.3 1020 850 530 49,3 6.7
Lan2 7.8 26,0 2410 1120 913 59,2 6,9
L4n3 7,5 26,2 1426 1195 713 52,3 6,1
Lan4 7,4 27,0 1522 870 540 51,3 6,5
(JC\'N.10.2l)ll/BTN MT, cot B
5 , 5 - 9 40 100 150 50 40 6 K&t qua eho thay gia tri pH, nhiet do eua nude
thai nam trong gia tri cho phep cua quy chuan. Cac thdng sd khac ddu vuot qua gia tn gidi han quy dinh h-ong QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. Cu the nhu sau:
Nong dd TSS cao hon 10,2 - 24,1 lan so vdi quy chuan; ngoai ra day la mau nude thai giau chat huu CO dd phan hiiy khien cho ndng dp BOD5 vuot qua tieu ehuan tu 10,6 - 18,26 lan; COD cao hon lii 5,66 - 7,96 lan; ndng dp nito tdng sd cao hon 1,23 - 1,48 lan;
nong dp photpho tdng so eao hon 1,01 - 1,15 lan. Gia tri ciia nong dp giu'a cac thang cd su bidn ddng, thudng thi thang 2, thang 3, thang 4 ndng do eao hon so vdi thang 1, dieu nay ed the giai thich do tinh huih bi^n dgng eiia thi tnrbng, vao thang 2, thang 3, thang
4 thdi het bat dau ndng dan len, nhu eau eiia ngirdi dan tang manh va de dap irng nhu eau ngudi heu dung nha may bia tang san luong dan ddn lupng nude thai tang cao.
3.3. Danh gia hidu qua h^p phu ch& htiu ca trong nude thai nha miy bia ciia mim cua
3.3.1. Danh gid hieu qua cua lan thi nghiem sd 1 Tien hanh thi nghiem vdi mau nude thai lay lan 1, H^u lupng cua miin eua thay ddi tir 0 g - 5 g vdi lupng mau phan tich la 100 mL [2], [4]. Ket qua nghien ciiu eho thay, chat lupng mau nude Ihi nghiem thay ddi theo lieu lupng eiia mim eua, su thay ddi dupc the hien d bang 3.
Bang 3. Gid tri ciia Ceic thong sd khi Thdng sd
pH NhiM do TSS COD BOD, Nito long sd Phot pho long so
Don vi
°C mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
thay doi l i ^ liK;ng ch& h^p phu Li^u luong mun cua hoat hoa (g)
0 7,3 24,3 1020 850 530 49,3 6,7
1 7,26 24,0 876 660 450 26,5 5,7
2 7,1 23,5 97 145 150 14,2 2,4
3 6,95 23,7 115 155 165 14,0 2,8
4 6,98 23,8 126 176 203 15,8 3,1
5 7,02 24,1 138 183 210 16,3 3,5
QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, colB 5 , 5 - 9 40 100 150 50 40 6 Qua bang 3 ed the thay chat Iuong miu nude
phan hch co su thay ddi tuy theo lieu lupng sii dung cua chat hap phu. Cae thdng sd pH va nhiet dp khong CO su bien ddng nhi^u giira eae hdu lugng sir dung niiin eua hoat hda. Cac thdng sd cdn Iai ddu dien ra theo 2 xu hudng ti'ong do cd xu hudng giam dan n6ng dp khi tang lidu luong mim cua tir 0 g - 2 g.
va cd xu hudng tang dan ndng do khi sir dung 3 g - 5 g miin cua. Di^u nay cd the giai thieh do Unh chat
eua chat hap phu chi cd tac dung d mdt gidi han nhat dinh, VUpt qua gia tn tdi uu dd thi hieu qua hap phu giam. Cd the thay rang, d gia tri 2 g la gia tn tdi iru de xii Iy, tuy nhien b gia hi nay thi thdng sd BOD5 van eao hon gidi han cho phep.
Hieu suat hap phu doi vdi timg thanh phan gay 6 nhidm hong mau nude thi nghiem dupe the hien qua bang 4.
KirSwr; M^HIFP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 97
KHOA HOC COii
Thong so TSS COD BODs Nito long so Phdt pho tong sd
Don vi mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
0(g) 0 0 0 0 0
1(g) 14.11 22.35 18,87 46,25 14,9
Lieu xua 2(g) 90,49 82,94 71.7 71,19 64,18
xirly (*) 3(g) 88,72 81.76 68.87 71,6 58,2
4(g) S7.64 80.35 61.7 67.95 53,73
5(«) 8 ( V ! L J 78.47 l«US_' 66J)4j
jEiJ
Bang 4 cho thay, mac dii hieu suat xii ly nita tdng sd khi thi nghiem vdi 3 g mun eua cao hon so vdi khi sir dung 2 g nhung neu xet ve tong the thi d gia tri 2 g mun cua van la tdi im nhat.
3.3.2. Danh gid hieu qua cua ca 4 lan thi nghiem
Kdt qua tiiuc nghiem cho Ihay lueu qua hip phu tdi uu eiia miin cua hoat hda la 2 g/100 mL nuoc thai.
Vi vay. hong qua trinh nghien ciiu kha n^g hap phu chat huu CO eua miin eua hoat hda da thuc hien a gia tii 2 g/100 mL
Bang 5. K^t qua phan tich chat lu^ng nir6c thai sau khi xu ly bing mim cua ho^t hda Thdng sd
TSS COD BOD, Nito tdng sd Phdt pho tdng sd
Don VI rag/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
Thdi gian lay mSu L i n l
97 145 150 14,2 2,4
Lan2 98 147 165 16,1 1,93
Lan3 95 146 160 15,5 2,4
Lan 4 96 148 158 15,8 1,8
QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT,c6t
B 100 150 50 40 6 Ket qua b bang 5 cho thay hieu qua xii ly eac
thanh phan d nhifim co hong mau nude thi nghiem thay doi theo cac Ian thi nghiem vdi k^t qua nhu sau:
Ham luong TSS, COD, nito tong so va photpho tdng sd qua 4 lan thi nghiem ddu giam va dat gidi han eho phep tai QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT (cdt B). Thong sd BODr, mac du cd giam nhidu lan so vdi trudc khi xii ly nhung van vuot gidi han cho phep tir 3 - 3,3 lan.
Hieu suat xii Iy timg thanh phan cu the hong mau nude thi nghiem dupc the hien thdng qua bang 6.
Bang 6. Hidu suat xii ly c^c thanh phan hong mau nuoc bang mun cira hoat hda Thdng sd
TSS COD
Hieu sual xir Iv (%) Lani
90.49 82.94
Lan 2 95.93 86.87
Lan 3 | Lan 4 93.33 93.69 87,78 ! 82.98 BOD',
Nita tdng sd , FhiDl pho tting s(i
: 71.7 71.19 64.18
81.92 72,8 72.02
77,55 70,36 60,65
70.74 69.2 72,3 Ket qua o bang 6 cho thay hieu xuat xu ly TSS cao (90,49% - 95,93%), ffong dd hieu suat lin thi
nghiem thii 2 la cao nhait (95,93%), thap nhal la lan 1 (90,49%). Hieu suat xir ly COD dat til 82,94« - 87,78%.
Hieu suat xu ly BOD, dao dpng d miic 70,74% - 81,92%.
Kha nang xu ly nita tdng sd cua mun cira hoat hda kha cao, hieu suat xir ly dao dpng Hr 69,2 - 71,19% qua cac thang. Kha nang xir ly photpho tdng sd tuong ddi thap so vdi cac thdng sd cdn iai, dat hieu sual tir 60,65% - 72,02%. Didu nay cd the dupc giai thich do ban chat can tnic phan tir ciia miin cua hoat hda, do cd dudng kinh 16 nho nen chi hap phu duoc cac phan lu nhd. Ddi vdi hop chat hiru co cd phan tir lucmg ldn, cac hpp chat chiia P cd kich Ihudc ldn qua trinh hap phu chi xay ra tren be mat mun cua nen hieu suat xCr ly khdng cao.
4.KfriuiN
Khi tien hanh vdi 100 mL nude thai nha may bia lupng miin cua su dung dat hieu qua xu ly cao nhat l i 2 g/100 mL
Hieu xual xir ly TSS cao (90,49)u - 95,93%) C o n dat til 82,94% - 87,78%, BOD, dao ddng 0 miic 70 74%
- 81,92%, nito dao dong tu 69,2 - 71,19% ,„a'cac thang va hieu suSt xii ly photpho long j j A , ..
60,65%-72,02%
NONG NGHIEP VA PHA' " ' " ' " " " ' J ' = THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANe 2/2020
C a n cd c a c n g h i d n ciiu tidp t h e o va p h d i h p p vdi 3. T r a n Van N h a n , NgO T h i N g a (2002). C o n g cac bidn p h a p k h a c d e k e t q u a x u ly dat yeu cau d a c n g h e xii ly n u o c thai. N h a x u a t b a n Klioa h p c va Ky biet dpi vdi t h o n g sd BOD.^ d e t r a n h g a y d n h i ^ m k h i IhuaL
n g u d n n u d e n a y d u p c thai ra ngoai m O i t r m m g . 4 K n s h n a n Vijaraghavan, D e s a A h m a d a n d 1*1 I H ) THAM KHAO R e n n y L e s a (2006). D e p a r t m e n t of Biological &
1. Le Dttc (2004). P h a n tich m d i t n i d n g . NXB Agricultural, Faculty of E n g i n e e r i n g , a u g u s t 2 3 , 2006,
Dai h o c Q u d c gia Ha Npi. e 45-19.
2. N g u y d n Dire L u p n g , N g u y S n T h i T h i i y D u o n g 5. \ ' . Del N e r y , 1. R. d e N a r d i , M . H. R. Z.
(2011). C d n g n g h e sinh h p c mdi t r u d n g t a p 2. N h a D a m i a n o v i c . E. Pozzi, A. K. B. A m o r i m , M . Zaiat xuat b a n Dai h o c Q u d c g i a T P . H o Chi M i n h . (2010). C o n s e r v a t i o n and Recycling. V o l u m e 50,
I s s u e 1, m a r c h 2010, p a g e s 102-114.
S T U D Y O N E F n C f f i N C Y O F H A N D L I N G O F A N U M B E R O F O R G A N I C P O L L U T I O N C O M P O U N D S IN W A S T E W A T E R P R O D U C T I O N W A S T E
P h a m T h i T r a n g ' , D u o n g T h i H a u '
^Bac Giang Agriculture and Forestry University S u m m a r y
The results of the sludy were carried out by the author on a wastewater sample of a brewery in Hanoi.
During (he producUon process, ihe faclory generated a targe amounl of wastewater containing many environmental pollulanls, especially organic compounds, l l i e matenal studied to treat is sawdust activated at 300"C The resulls of the sludy indicated that Ihe opUmum weight value of sawdusl is 2g for lOOmL of wastewater. The processing efhciency ol parameters is TSS (90.49% - 95.93%). COD from 82.94% - 87.78%.
BOD, from 70.74% - 81.92%, and nitrogen from 69.2 - 71.19%. total phosphorus reached 60.65% - 72.02%.
Efficiency of IreaUng brewery wastewater with activated sawdusl achieves good resuUs. Mosl of the treated water samples met the standards compared 10 column B of QCXTs 40; 2011 / BTNMT except BOU,.
Keywords: Organic pollution, activated sawdust, brewing, waste water treatment.
Ngudi phan bidn: PGS.TS. Ld Diic Ngiy nhan bai: 4/10/2019 Ngiy thdng qua phan bidn: 4/11/2019 Ngiy duydt dang: 11/11/2019
~u]cD \/A PHAT TPIFN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 99
