Nghien culi phu'cyng phap
xay du'ng va danh gia chat lu'cfng chu'c/ng trmh dao tao
theo chuan dau ra
NGaYEN MAM THANG' Tdm tat
Nghiin cffu van dung nhffng thang bdc nhgn thffc cua Bloom md rgng dexdy dUng cdc ndng lUc chudn vd ddnh gid dd'i vdi ngUdi hoc, ngUdi dgy vd dugc cu thi hda thdng qua xdy dffng chuang trinh dao tgo (CTDT). Kit qud nghien cffu giup cho gidng viin/bien sogn vien ed them mat tdi liiu hiiu ich de viit de cUOng chi tii't bdi gidng vd bien sogn gido trinh phu hgp vdi CTDT cda Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo.
Tijf khda: chuang trinh ddo tgo, chudn ddu ra, ngUdi dgy, ngudi hoc, chdt lugng dgy hgc Summary
The research applies Bloom's broaden cognitive scales to build standard capacity and assessment of learners and teachers and these scales are concretized through the development of training programs. The results provide lecturers/editors useful documents to write a detailed outline of the lecture and compose textbooks In accordance with the curriculum of the Ministry of Education and Training.
Keywords: training programs, output standards, teachers, learners, teaching quality GIOI THIEU du'dc cdng nban va iJng dung sao cho co the phan anb
difdc chat lu'dng cua chu'dng trinb dao tao cung cbinh la Chifdng trinh dao tao d ca'p dp dai hpc danh gia du'dc kie'n thiJc, ky nang, kinh nghiem day hpc.
cua mdt cd sd dao tao kbi tie'n hanb xay
difng phai cd tinh: kd' thtfa, khoa hpc, he CO Sd LY THUYET tbdng, thu'c td'lln tbifc ddn va phai cd tam
nhin sau rpng ve nhu'ng sif tbay ddi nhif Tbeo Bloom B. S. (1956), tbang do nang life de xay vu bao cua Cach mang Cdng nghiep 4.0. difng CTDT chuan ebo ngu'di hpc dai hpc. He thd'ng Thong thifdng, vide danh gia nang life thang nang life ciia Bloom da va dang du'dc nhieu qudc chuan dau ra cho ngu'di hpc d cap dp dai gia siJ dung bdi tinb khoa hoc, cung nbu' do tin cay cua hoc du'dc thu'c hien theo Id'i truyen thd'ng, nd. Tii'cac tieu chi ve nhan thilc cua he tbdng nay. cac chu yd'u du'a vao cac bai kiem tra bay bai giang vien/bien soan vidn cd tbd tif xay difng cac chuan thi (test - based curriculum). Lo'i danh gia nang life din ra va tidu cbi danh gia nang life cua ngu'di nay chi cd the xac dinb difdc miJc dd iTnb hpc qua mdn hoc minh phu trach. Thang nang life cd 6 hoi kid'n thifc cua ngu'di hoc. Tuy nhien, xu mu'c dp difdc sSp xe'p X\i tha'p dd'n cao trong qua trinh the' phat trien mdi cua nen giao due hien nban tbifc cua ngu'di boc. Cd the torn lu'dc nhu' Bang 1.
dai, ngifdi hpc khong chi bie't, hidu, ma Difa trdn cac ca'p dp ve qua trinh nhan thiJc ma cdn phai cd ky nang van dung kid'n thifc Bloom du'a ra, qua trinh giang day khdng cbi dtag lai da hoc difdc mpt each nang dpng, sang d viec cung cap kie'n thiJc, ma ngifdi hpc c^n phai dUdc tao, cung nhu phai giai quyd't nhffng van tang cu'dng trai nghiem, thifc banh, de tif do kid'n thiJc de nan giai hidn tai va tifdng Iai lau dai. se difdc ngifdi hoc u'ng dung mdt each sang tao va phu Vi the', cac nang life cbu§'n va chie'n lu'dc bdp vdi dieu kien thifc td' cua mdi trtfdng sdng va lam danh gia can phai du'dc thie't lap, xay difng viec cii the nao dd. Nghien ciJu bo sung them mot ca'p tten mpt hd thdng thang bac khoa hpc dp ia nang life sang tao tifc Bloom md rpng.
*TS., Tru'dng Dai hoc Cong nghiep Thu'c p h a m TP. Ho Chi Minh I Email: [email protected] Ngdy nhdn bdi: 02/01/2019; Ngdy phdn Men: 11/02/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 15/02/2019
Economy and Forecast Review
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BAMG 1: THANG BAC MH^N THCfC STT
1 2 3 4
5
'
MiJc d$ (Level) Kien thu'c (Knowledge) LTnh hoi (Comprehension) Van dung (Apphcation) Phan lich (Analysis) Tong hop (Synthesis) Dinh gia (Valuation)
Hfinit Vi cua nh^n th^c (Cognitiv^e behaviors) Biel, hieu ccf s6 Up luan, thuat ngff, khdi niem, nguySn tac hoac ly thuyet
Hieu, gi^i thich, so sanh, do'i chieu va lam sang to Van dung ki^n thu'c vao tmh huS^ng mfii, de giai quyet va'n de Xac dinh dMc hinh thai cau true ciia stf v^t, xac dinh cac ho phan, moi quan he, nguySn tac to chiJc
Tao ra mot vat, tong hdp cac y tu"3ng nham diTa ra mot giai phap, de xuat m8t ke hoach hoat dong, thanh lap mot he thong phan loat mdi..
Danh gii ve cha't lu'dng cua sU v§i dffa tren gia tri, dieu kien
lean, du, tinh logic hoac cong dung 1 HiNH 1: PHt/dNG PHAP XAY DCTNG MOT CHCTdNG TRIMH DAO TAO
THEO CHUAN DAG RA CUA NGClCil HQC
<»
. 1 . , / h«u«.,...
. , . . . ^ « f - f e - . . . * , « » - -^i
•'•• • * * « » -^i 4 = <= 4 = S S -
BANG 2: MANG L U C DAY HOC
Mguon. Bloom B- S. (1956) BANG 3: KET QUA DAY HQC
Mguon: Tac gia. 2018
PHliONG PHAP NGHIEN COU
Nghien c t o s i dung thang Bloom md rpng de'xSy dune CTBT mon Thi trir8ng Tai chinh theo chuan diu ra c i a ngitSi hoc thu6c B6 mon Ta, chfah Ngan h ng raoa Tai chinh M ' toan - Tr.ang Bar hgc Cong
nghi6p Thirc phim TP. Ho Chi Minh.
Tir cdc ca'p dp ciia thang do nhan^thilc, gidng vien/bien soan vien co the v | n dung vao viec ra cac he thong cau hoi, bai tap, cung nhu cac bai tap nhom va ca nhian de Iciem tra nang lUc ma ngiTBi hoc da dat dupc, da tien bp qua qud trinh hpc tdp cu the. Banh gia nang liTc ngUSi lipc chinh la viec tai hien lai cac chua'n nkng lUc tren tilng ca nhan ngUdi hpc. Ben canh dp, cung danh gia lai tinh khoa hpc, tinh hdp ly cua cac chuan nang life va muc tieu hpc tip, ma mon hpc da dUa ra tit cac chUOng, muc, tieu muc cua CTBT. Trinh ttf nhu- fflnh 1 (Bdi vie't si dung dch viet s8'thdp phdn theo chudn quoc te).
Nhu vay, vide kiem tra va danh gid dUa tren nang life ngUSi hpc khong chi xoay quanh cac cSu hoi mang tinh ly thuye't, ma doi hoi ve ca nang lUc van dung ly thuye't vao thuc hanh.
Tren cd sd chifdng trinh dap tap mon Thi trudng Tai chlnh bao gom 7 chiJdng, 36 muc, tac gia tie'n hanh thiet ke phie'u khao sat 108 ngudi dang hoc nam thit 3 vita hoan thanh CTBT he dai hpc chinh quy chuyen nganh Tai chinh Ngan hang thupc Khca Tai chinh Ke toan - TrUdng Bai hoc Cong nghiSp ThuTc pha'm TP. Hd Clii Minh, nhif sau:
Bat 1. Khao sat nang inc day hpc;
Ngifdi hpc tu danh gia v i npi dung day hpc CTBT mon Thi trudng Tai chinh vdi thang do Bloom 7 cap dd, cu the: l-Nhan thitc; 2-Lmh hdi; 3-Van dung; 4-Phan tich; 5-T6ng hdp; 6-Banh gia; 7-Sang tao. Ttf ngay 12/11/2018 de'n ngay 16/11/2018, tie'n hanh phat phie'u khao sat 108 ngudi hpc. Ngay 17/11/2018, thu ve 108 phie'u, ty le d?t 100%.
Dot 2. Khao sat ke't qua day hoc: Tren cd sd phie'u khad sat lan 1, tig'n hanh khap sat ngUdi hoc tu danh gia ve ke't qua day hpc CTBT mdn Thi trUdng Tai chinh vdi thang do 7 diem ciia Likert.
Cu the': 1: Kem; 2: Ye'u; 3: Trung binh yen; 4: Trung binh; 5: Trung binh kha;
6: Kha; 7: Gidi. TCf ngay 18/11/2018 de'n ngay 22/11/2018, tie'p mc tie'n hanh phat phie'u khao sat 108 ngudi hpc da khao sat s d b o l a n l Ngay 23/11/2018, thu ve 108 phie'u, ty le dat 100%.
Tlf sd' lieu sd cap thu thip ditdc d tren, tac gia SIJ" dung cac ham thdng ke trong Excel de tinh toan nang lUc day hpc va ke't qua dUdc trinh bay trpng Bang 2 va Bang 3.
12
KET QUA NGHIEN CL/U
Kit qud khdo sdt muc tieu cu the chuan ddu ra diia trin phdt triin ndng lUc ngiidi hgc
SiJf dung thang do Bloom md r6ng 7 cap dp va thang do Likert 7 diem (Hinh 2) cho tha'y, ngu'di hpc dat d ca'p do van dung do'i v6i cac muc cua CTDT, thi Ice't qua cua ngifcfi hpc tiJPng u'ng du'dc x6'p loai trung binh kh^. Con do'i vdi nang \\ic ngu'di day tren ca'p dp phan tich thi ke't qua cua ngu'di day difdc xep loai g^n kha.
Kit qua khdo sdt mtic tieu thdnh phdn chudn ddu ra difa trin phdt triin ndng life ngUM hoc
SiJf dung thang do Bloom md rgng 7 ca'p dp va thang do Likert 7 diem (Hinh 3), kg't qua cho tha'y, ngu'di hgc dat d cap dp van dung doi vdi cac chu'dng cua CTDT, thi ke't qua cua ngtfdi hpc du'dc xS'p loai trung binh kha. Cdn doi vdi nang lu'c ngu'di day tren cH'p dp phan tich, thi ke't qua cija ngifdi day difpc xep loai gan kha.
Kit qud khdo sdt muc tieu chung chudn ddu ra cua chiding trinh ddo tgo Ngliien cu\i tien hanh phan tich, tdng hdp, danh gia kJioa hoc nang life day hgc theo Bloom 7 cap va ke't qua day hoc theo Likert 7 diem ciia CTDT theo chuan dau ra difdc khao sat vdi mau N = 108 m6t each cd he thd'ng (Hinh 4). Ket qua cho tha'y, CTDT kha d6ng deu v^ ndi dung, tu'dng thich vdi thong tin thi tnfdng, phil hdp vdi ngtfdi day va ngu'di hgc. Cti the: Nang life cua ngu'di hpc tren miJc do van dung (3.22), thi ke't qua dat tren kha (4.02); Nang lu'c ngu'di day tren miJc dp phan tich (4.02), thi ke't qua giang day dat tren kha. Chenh l$ch giii'a nang life day hoc va ke't qua day hoc khdng dang ke (0.81 - 0.08 = 0.01). Dd'i sanh vdi diem tmng binh dau vao cua ngifdi hpc difdc tuyen vao nganh Tai chinh Ngan hang la 18.99 diem ^ 3 = 6.33 diem xe'p loai trung binh kha va kd't qua diem hpc trSn Idp 30% dat tiif trung binh kha den kha va dif kie'n ke't qua thi het hpc phan 70% cua ngu'di hgc cung se dat ttt trung binh kha den kha, CTDT dat chat lu'dng td't.
Kit qud kiim dinh chdt lUang chUOng trinh ddo tgo, nhu" sau;
Ki't qud kiim dinh chd't lugng dgy hgc:
7 chu'dng difpc danh gia dat chat lu'dng to't vi deu cd tri so' Cronbach's Alpha
>.60, cac he so' tirdng quan giifa cac muc thanh phan vdi chifdng din ldn hdn .300 va gia tri KMO, kiem dinh Bartlett's.
HINH 2: KET Q U A KHAO S A T MUC TIEG Cti THE CHUAN DAU RA
HINH 3: KET Q G A KHAO SAT M q C TIEU THANH PHAN CHUAN D A U R A
HINH 4: KET QUA KHAO SAT MGC TIEU CHUNG CHUAN D A U R A
Tong phu'dng sai trich - 75.661% > 50%. Dieu nay cd nghia la 75.661% thay doi cua cac chifdng difdc giai thich bdi cac muc thanh phan cua chu'dng deu dat va cd y nghia.
Ki't qud phdn tich nhdn td'khdm phd (EFA): 33 nhan to' thanh phan tifdng u'ng vdi 33 muc cua chu'dng sau khi xoay deu cd he sdtai > .55 cho tha'y, phan tich EFA la tu'dng thich vdi sdhdu khao sat va 7 nhan to'dai diSn
Economy and Forecast Revi.
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HINH 5: MO HINH DO LdCfNG HINH 6: MO HINH CAU TRUC
^W'\t'\ \i
Kit qud kiim dinh chuang f'"^' ^^^
tgo thdng qua md hinh cd'u trik.
M6 hinh cS'u d-Iic: Y^ = 0.83Xj + 0.80X, + 0.67X3 + 0.16X^ + 0.69X5 + 0.82X'^ + 0.77X,; Ddng gdp cua cac chifdng ddi vdi ngt/di hoc: Gj = 15.54%;
G,= 14.98%; G = 12.55%; G,= 14.23%;
0^= 12.92%; G^= 15.36%; G,= 14.42%;
Mu'c do hgc binh quan: 0.76 hay 76% xe'p hang TB kha; Mile do day binh quan:
0.88 hay 88% xe'p hang kha; Chenh lech giu'a day hgc: 0.88 - 0.76 = 0.12, hay 12% tu'dng du'dng 1 hang (Hinh 6).
KET LUAN VA HAM Y
Mguon. Tac gia, 2018 tifdng iJng vdi 7 chu'dng deu dat tinh ddn nguyen, ddn hifdng va gia tri phan bi6t.
Kit qud kiim dinh chuang trinh ddo tao thdng qua md hinh do ludng \-l<k<I\:
Mo hinh do Iifdng dat yeu cau ve dp dn cay tdng hdp va tdng phifdng sai trich >.50, khong cd sif tu'dng quan giUa cac sai sd'cua cac bie'n do Iifdng (cac muc), nen chung dat du'dc tinh ddn nguyen/don hu'dng, cd he sd tifdng quan giiJa cac thanh phan (muc) cua mpt khai niem ldn (chifdng) deu < 1. Do do, cac khai niem ldn (chu'dng) dat du'dc gia tn phan biet, cd cac trpng sd'hdi quy ddc lufdng du'dc deu cd gia tri du'dng
> 0.55, cho bie't cac khai niem deu cd md'i quan he cung chieu va cdc gi^ tri P deu nhd hdn 0.005, lu'c la cac khai niem deu cd y nghTa tho'ng ke a = 5% va dat gia tri hoi tu. Mifc do phu hdp chung: Md hinh do iifdng cd Chi - square = 2431.811; Df = 566; P = .000; Chi - Sqiiare/df= 4.296; CFI = .579; TLI = .505;
RMSEA = .176, nen tu'dng dd'i tu'dng thich thong tin thi tru'dng (Hinh 5).
Chifdng trinh dao tao du'dc xiy difng difa tren chuan dau ra phii hdp vdi thifc te'lln thifc tign the hien d phan chat difcfc tdng hdp, phan tich, danh gia, so sanh, chpn lgc mpt each khoa hgc.
Nghien cihi da trinh bay mgt sd ye'u td cd tinh ky thuat khi xay difng CTDT theo chuan dau ra va danh gia qua trinh hpc tap cua ngifdi hoc difa tren phat trien nang life. Viec xay difng cac nang life chuan la viec lam hang diu cua cac giang vien/
biSn soan vi6n. Tif cac nang life chuan c6 the xay difng muc tieu dao tao, thiet lap du'dc CTDT dai hpc tdng the Viec dinh gia theo nang life chuin la mpt cdng viec khoa hpc phile tap can phai difdc lap nhom nghien ciJu xay difng vi nghiem tuc thifc hien, thi CTDT mdi that sif cd hidu qua.
De nSng cao cha't Iifdng day hgc, ngifdi day phai ddi mdi phu'dng phap day hpc theo hifdng u'ng dung nhu'ng phtfdng phap stf pham tich cifc ket hdp vdi nhii'ng thanh ttfu cua cdng nghg thdng tin phan da'u de trong mdt tiet day, ngu'di hpc difdc hoat dpng thifc hanh, thao luan, tif duy nhieu hdn tap trung vao cac ky nang gilip hda nhSp xa hpi vdi cdng nghe dang thay ddi nhu hien nay.Q
_ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO _ _ — — _ _ 1. Bill Kim Yen (2015). Thi trUdng tdi chinh vd cdc dinh chi ldi chinh, Nxb Lao ddng 2. Allen M. (2008). Document of Assessment workshop at UH Manoa Honolulu, University of Hawaii at Manoa Insearch
3. Bloom B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain, New York: David McKay Co Inc
4. Frederic S. Mishkin and Stanley G. Eakins (2015). Finacial Markets and Insituiiums, East Corolina University
5. Likert R. A (1932). A Technique for the Measurement of Attitudes, Archives of Psychology e. Norman Gronlund (1991). How to write and use instructional objectives. New York, McMillan Publishers
