NGHliN CUU
Phat trien kinh te tinh Thai Ngi^^to trong boi canh cuoc each mang cong nghiep 4.0
•n-tovanGi^
Bill Thi Trd Ly
Truong Dai hoc Kinh te va Quan tri Kinh doanh Thai Nguyen
Trong nhiing nam qua, kinh le Thai Nguyen dgt duge nhilu thinh tieh ding kl, tang trudng ludn 6 miic eao.
Tinh hinh kinh td - xa hdi nam 2018 trdn dia bin linh Thii Nguyen tidp tye dgt dugc kit q u i lieh eye. Cie chi lieu kinh t l xa hdi hiu het diu hoan thinh va vugt k l hoach d l ra, trong dd mat bing lii suit on dinh, chi sd gii tidu diing ting hpp Iy; cac nganh kinh t l vin duy tri dugc da tang trudng va phit triln, nhit l i nginh cdng nghiep, tao ddng lye eho ehuyin dich ca eiu kinh l l theo hudng cdng nghidp hoa; xuat khiu ting so vdi cung ky vi duy tri xuat si&u; cung ciu hing hda duge d i m bio; eic chuong tiinh dy i n ldn d i di vio sin xuit vi phit huy hidu qui, mdt sd du i n phit triln dd thi dang duge tiiln khai diu tu... gdp phin thiic day ting trudng kinh t l vi thu ngan sich.
1. Thuc trang phat trien icinh te cua tinh Thai Nguyen
1.1. Vl tang truong kmh t l v i chuyen dich ca cau kinh te
Tong sin phim ti-ong tinh nim 2018 ude tinh tang 10,44% so vdi nam 2017 (kl hogeh l i 10,5%); trong dd, khu vuc ndng, lim nghiep thuy sin ting 4,15%, ddng gdp 0,5 dilm phan tram vao tde dp tang chung; khu vyc cdng nghiep vi xay dung tang 13,2%, ddng gdp 8,1 diem phin tram; khu vyc dich vy va thud sin phim tang 6,28%, ddng gdp 1,9 dilm phan tram vio tdc dd tang trudng ehung.
Mae dti dat xip xi myc tidu k l hoach li 10,5%
nhung van cd thd dinh gii la nam cd tdc dd ting trudng eao vi la mdt trong sd eic tinh ed tdc do tang trudng eao. Vdi du udc tang trudng nam 2018 dgt 10,44%, nlu nam 2019 tdc dp tang trudng dgt 9%, nam 2020 ldc dp ting trudng dat 8% thi td'c do ting tiudng binh quan giai doan 2015-2020 se dgt mu'c 11,27%/nam, vugt mue lidu Dgi hgi d l ra (myc tidu til 10% trd len).
VI CO eiu nln kinh t l nim 2018, do nginh edng nghidp tang eao trong 4 nam trd Igi day ndn khu vyc edng nghilp xiy dung chuydn dieh rit nhanh, nim 2018 dy udc chidm 57,2%; khu vye ndng, tim nghidp vi thiiy sin chilm ly trpng 10,9%; khu vue dieh vy vi thud sin phim chilm 31,9%.
Tdng sin phim trong tinh (GRDP) binh quin diu ngudi eua linh Thii Nguydn nam 2018 udc dgt 77 7
tridu dong/nguai/nam, ting hon 9,6 tri|u ddng/ngudi/nim so vdi nam 2017 v i vugt k l hoach dl ra. Ndu Unh theo Dd la My, GRDP binh quin diu nguoi linh Thii Nguydn n i m 2018 dat 3.375 USD/ngudi/nam (binh quin chung e i nude nam 2017 l i 53,4 tii§u dong, tuong duong 2.389 USD/ngudi/nam).
1.2. Thu chi Ngin sich Thu ngan sieh:
Tdng tiiu ngin sieh nha nude trdn dia bin mudi mdt thing nam 2018 dgt 12.291 ty ddng, tang 12,6% so cung ky va bang 93,7% k l hoach. Trong long thu, thu trong ein ddi ngan sach n h i nude dat 12.247 ty dong, tang 12,2% so vdi eiing ky v i bang 93,4% so vdi dy loin e i nam; thu quan ly qua ngin sich dat 43,8 ty dong.
Trong thu can ddi, thu ndi dia dgt 9.471 ty ddng, ling 11,2% so cung ky va bing 95,6% dy toin c i nam;
thu ttr hoat ddng xuit nhip khiu dgt 2.776 ly ddng, tang 15,7% vi bang 86,8% dy toin e i nim 2018.
Chi ngan sieh:
Tdng ehi ngin sieh dia phuong tren dia ban tinh mudi mdt thing nam 2018 dgt 9.959 ty dong, tang 28%
so vdi etmg ky va bing 72% du toin c i nam, tiong dd ehi ein ddi ngin sich dia phuong dat 8.897,8 ty ddng ting 25,3% so e6ng ky va bing 73,3% dy toin ea nim;
ehi chuang trinh mye tidu qudc gia dat 1.062 ty ddng, tang 60% so eung ky va bang 62,6% dy toan e i nim.
Trong chi cin ddi ngin sieh dia phuong, chi dau tu phit triln d^t 2.168 ty ddng, ting 40,1% so cfing ky, bang 92% dy toin ea nim; chi thudng xuydn dgt
16
•H DULTNG ( T H A U B S / 2 D 1 9 )6.729,6 ty ddng, tang 21,1% so cung ky, bang 85,5% dy toin ca nam 2018.
1.3. Gia ca, lam phat
Diln biln ehi sd gii tieu dilng ttr diu nim lien tue ed xu hudng thing sau ting hon thing trudc, ridng ehi ed thing 3/2018 vi 03 thing cudi n i m (Thing 10,11,12) cd chi sd gii tidu diing giim nh? so vdi thing trudc, cdn lai 8 thing cd ehi sd gii tiiu diing tang.
Nguyen nhan chii yeu la do Nhi nude diiu ehinh tang gii dien vao 01/12/2017; gia nude vio thing 01/2018 vi diiu ehinh tang hgc phi theo Id trinh, giiia thing 12/2018 gii dich vu y te da diiu ehinh ting... Bdn eanh dd ed eie ylu td tic dpng den miic giim ehi sd gii ehung li: gii nhdm thiet bi dien thogi, nhdm giao thong giam ndn ehi sd gii nhdm giao thdng, nhdm buu chinh vidn thdng giim.
Tinh rieng Quy 1V/20I8 so vdi ciing ky nam trudc, binh quan ehi sd gii ting 3,79% so vdi binh quin Quy IV/2017. Cd 9/11 nhdm hing hda tang, tang nhilu nhit li nhdm hang an vi dich vy an udng tang 6,42%; nhdm giao thdng tang 5,72%; nhdm dd dung va dieh vu khic ting 4,63% va cd duy nhat nhdm van hda, giai tri vi du Neh ting thip nhit so eie nhdm hing hda tang, tang 0,5%. Cd 2/11 nhdm cd chi sd gii giim nhu nhdm thudc va dich vy y t l giam 1,04% va nhdm buu chinh vidn thdng 1,29%.
Binh quin 12 thing nam 2018, chi so' gia tidu dOng ting 3,16% so vdi binh quin ciing ky( nhdm hing hda ting 3,65% v i nhdm dieh vy ting 2,57%). Trong dd, nhdm giao thdng tang 6,18% (do gia nhidn lieu ting 14,2%); nhdm do dilng v i dich vu khac tang 5,19% (do gii dich vu vl hieu hi tang 7,95%); nhdm hing an vi dieh vy an udng tang 4,33% (do gii tiiit gia siie tuoi sdng ting 11,3%)... cdn Igi 2/11 nhdm cd chi sd gia binh quin giam nhu nhom thudc vi dich vy y t l giam 0,55% va nhom buu chinh viin Uidng giim 0,77%.
- Tinh ridng thing 12/2018, do chi so' gia nhdm luong thyc va thyc pham giim 1,31% so vdi thing trudc vi nhom xang, dau, gas duge diiu ehinh giim 10,46% nen chi sd gii tieu dting tidp tye giim 0,65% so vdi thing trudc.
Trong thing 12/2018 cd 5/11 nhdm hing hda vi dich vy tidu dting co chi sd gii giim so vdi thing trudc vi cd 6/11 nhdm hang hoa vi dieh vu tang. Tang cao nhat trong thing 12 la nhdm thude vi dieh vy y t l ting 6,4%, trong dd, gii thudc cie loai tang 0,1%, nhdm dich vy y t l tang 8,9% so vdi thing tnrdc (khim chua b | n h ndi tni tang 10,96%; kham ehtra bdnh ngoai trii ting 2,96%) do Nha nudc diiu chinh tang gii dich vy y te; nhdm may mac, mii ndn vi giiy d i p tang 0,83%;
nhdm dd udng va thude l i tang 0,49%; nhdm thilt bi v i dd dOng gia dinh tang 0,05%; nhdm giio dye ting 0,06%. Bdn canh dd, nhdm ed ehi sd gii giim nhilu
nhit li nhdm giao thdng giim 4,62% (trong dd gia xang dau giim 10,46%); tilp theo la nhdm hing an v i dich vy i n udng giim 1,31% (gii thit gia silc giim 2,22%, gii diu md giam 1,52%); cdn lai 03 nhdm giim trong khoing hi 0,25% d i n 0,93% nhu nhdm nhi d vi vit lidu xiy dung giim 0,93%, nhdm buu chinh viin Ihdng giim 0,25%, nhdm van hda, giii tri vi du lieh giim 0,39%.
Chi sd gii tidu dting thing 12/2018 ting 3,08% so vdi eiing ky 2017. Cd 10/11 nhdm hang hda vi dich vu ed ehi sd gia ting (hing hda ting 2,7%; djeh vy lang 6,8%). Trong eie nhdm hing hda, ting nhilu nhit l i nhdm hing an vi dich vu an udng vdi mirc ting 5,21%
(do gii thit gia sue tuoi sdng tang 16,34%, thit e h i biln tang 16%); nhdm giao dye tang 3,35% (do gii dd diing hgc tip v i van phong tang 4,1%; dich vu giio dye lang 3,2%); nhdm thudc vi dich vu y t l tang 3,13% (do gii dieh vu y t l tang 4,18%); nhdm dd diing vi dieh vy khic tang 3,75% (gii dieh vy vl hidu ting 11,8%); edn lai cie nhdm tang tiong khoing 0,27% d i n 1,59% nhu nhdm dd udng v i thudc l i tang 1,59%; nhdm may mac tang 1,16%, nhdm Nhi d vi vit lidu xiy dung tang 1,67%, nhdm tiiilt bi va dd diing gia dinh tang 1,28%;
nhdm giao thdng tang 1%; nhdm van hda, giii tri va du lich tang 0,27%. Rieng ehi ed 1 nhdm ehi sd gii giim so vdi cCing ky la nhdm Buu ehinh viin thdng giim 1,36% do nhdm thilt bi di|n thoai giim 7,7%.
Chi sd gia ving binh quan 12 thang 2018 tang 2,25%
so vdi ciing ky vi chii ylu tang cao 6 eic thing trong Quy 1/2018. Ridng tiiang 12/2018 tang 0,4% so vdi thing tnrdc v i tang 0,05% so vdi cting ky nam tiude. Chi sd gii £)d la My binh quin 12 thing 2018 tang 1,27% so vdi binh quin ciing ky. Rieng thing 12/2018 giim 0,04% so thing trude va tang 2,65% so vdi eiing ky.
2. Nhung han che trong phat trien liinh te tinh Thai Nguyen
Phit tiidn kinh td Thai Nguyen trong nam 2018 dat dugc nhilu thanh tuu ding kl. Tuy nhidn bein cgnh nhiing thuan loi, kinh t l trdn dia bin edn tiim i n nhilu khd khan, thich thiie. Ngoii ylu td ting trudng tii cie du i n thudc khu vyc FDI va eie dy i n Idn trdn dia ban, khu vye kinh t l ngoii qudc doanh miic tang trudng edn thip, mire dp lien kit giiia eic doanh nghiep trong nudc vdi khu vyc dau tu nude ngoai edn hgn chd. Nhu ciu diu tu kit cau hg ting kinh t l - xa hdi l i rit ldn, d i e bidt eho linh vye giio dye d i o tgo, phdng ehdng, khie phuc hau qua thidn lai, song ehua bao d i m duge ngudn vdn thyc hidn, cimg vdi do la yeu eiu ehat che vl trinh ty thil tuc d i u tu theo Luit Dau tu cong, nen nhilu dy i n c i p bach ehua duge cin ddi vdn de thyc hidn. Chi so gia tidu dung vin tiim i n nguy ea ting eao; mgt sd sin phim cdng nghilp tiuyin thdng ciia tinh tidu thu edn khd khan
17
NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
nen inh hudng din nhip do sin xuit vi quy md edng nghidp Nhi nudc Tmng uong; tiim ning du lich ti-ln dia bin ehua duge khai thie hiiu qui.
3. Giai phap phat trien km te tinh Thai Nguyen trong giai doan tui
Cude eich mang edng nghidp 4.0 d i v i dang tic ddng Idn din mpi linh vyc kinh tl, xa hdi. Cude cich mang mang tgi nhilu ca hdi nhung eflng dit rg khdng it Uiach thiic cho cac linh vyc, nginh nghi vi eie thinh phan kinh te. Dl phit triln kinh td xa hgi tinh Thii Nguydn trong bdi cinh eich mgng cdng nghidp 4.0 can chii trgng thye hidn eie giii phap:
Thii nhat, phat huy nhtmg tiim nang, thi manh cila linh, tilp tue day manh cii eich the chi, cii thien mdi trudng kinh doanh, ca sd ha ting, cii eieh thii tyc hinh chinh, lao diiu kidn thuin Igi cho doanh nghiep
ngin sich theo hudng tang din ty trgng chi dau lu phat triln va giim ty trpng chi thudng xuyen. Lim tdi edng tie quin ly gii ei, thi tnrdng, ting eudng edng tic dau tranh va kiln quylt xii ly eie hinh vi budn l§u, gian Ign tiiuong mgi, budn ban hing gii, hing kim ehit lugng nhim on dinh gia c i , d i m b i o ehit lugng hing hda.
Thii biy, diy manh phit triln s i n xuit edng nghiep, tiiu thil cdng nghiep tren dia bin vi edng nghidp ling nghd, sin xuit hang xuit khiu, sin xuit cie sin pham mdi nhgn ed tiim ning, loi the eila linh.
Thir tim, thyc hidn cd hidu qua d l an tii ca eiu nginh ndng nghiep; trong dd, tip tinng chuyin djeh ca cau ndi nginh ndng nghiep, tang ty tipng chan nu6i va dieh vu; khuyin khieh doanh nghidp diu tu vio linh vuc nong nghidp cdng nghd eao, nhan rpng eic md hinh sin xuit hidu qui, lidn kit sin xuit theo phit triln. Chdng tham nhOng, chdng Ipi ieh nhdm vi chuoi gii tri, d i m bao an loan thye pham. Lim tdt phii tilp tyc ddi mdi mgnh md ean bd.
Thir hai, cin nghidn ciiu thiu dio ndi him, phuang thiie vSn hinh eila eudc eich mgng cdng nghiep lan thii 4, tii do d l xuit thuc hien cu thi vio mdt sd linh vye d mpt sd dia phucmg de hda ehung vio ddng chiy Clia cieh mgng cdng nghidp trdn thi gidi.
Thii ba, tilp tye ddi mdi can bin, toan dien giio dye va dao tao. Diy mgnh cdng tie kilm dinh ehit lugng giio dye vi giao quyin ty chil cho cie ca sd giio dye dai hgc, nghi nghidp. Ning cao hidu qui day
cdng tie b i o vd va phit triln rimg gin vdi phit tiiln kinh id ddi ning.
Thu ehin. ting cudng xiic tiln, thu hiit eac nhi diu tu ed nang lyc vio linh vue ndng nghidp cdng nghe cao, e h i biln ndng, lim sin. Lim tdt edng tic dy tinh, dy bio, ehii ddng xiy dyng vi triln khai ed hieu qui eic phuang an sin xuat ndng nghiep, phdng, ehd'ng thien tai, dieh benh.
Thii mudi, chii trpng vide gin phil trien du lieh vdi dieh vu; xay dyng cie sin phim du lich da dang, dOc nghi, khuyin khieh hop tic giQa co sd dao tgo vdi ea d i o mgng tinh die tiung viing miln; xiy dung eic sd nghidn cdu v i doanh nghi|p. Khuyin khich doi
mdi sing lao, day manh iing dung khoa hpe, edng nghd. Phit triln hidu qui thi trudng khoa hpe, thi trudng lao ddng.
Thu' tu, thyc hien tdt cie chinh sich an sinh xa hdi, phuc Igi xa hdi, ehinh sach ddi vdi ngudi ed cdng vol cieh mgng, dim b i o kip thdi, dung ddi tugng. Tiep tyc thuc hien cd hidu qui Chuang trinh mue ti^u qude gia giim nghio bin vung; edng tie trg giiip dot xuit, bio d i m ngudi din khi gap rui ro, thidn tai dupe hd trg kip thdi, sdm dn djnh ddi sd'ng, khdi phyc sin xuit.
Thii nam, lap tmng thye hien cae ehuong trinh, d l in, dy i n trong dilm phil triln kinh l l - x i hdi tren dia bin. Diy nhanh tiln dd thye hidn vi giii ngin vdn diu tu edng; kip thdi didu ehinh cit giam vdn cie dy i n chim trien khai thuc hien d l bd sung vdn cho eie dy i n da giii ngan hit k l hoach vdn, cin bo sung vdn d l diy nhanh tien dd hoin thinh. Kidn quylt thu hdi neu khdng triln khai thue hidn theo quy dinh hoae cd diu hieu trye lpi, mua b i n du in. Tang cudng cdng tie kilm tra, giim sit diu tu, chat lupng edng trinh de ning cao hidu qui sii dung vdn diu tu.
Thii sau, ehii trpng edng tic quin ly thu ngin sich nha nude; xay dyng vi ti-iln khai phuang i n didu hanh
dilm, tuyin du lich trpng tim d l thu hut khieh tiong nude vi qudc tl, ddng thdi diy mgnh phit triln du Iich trd thinh nginh kinh t l quan trgng. Tgo diiu kien thuan igi vi ed ehinh sieh khuyin khieh cie nha diu lu phit triln du Heh, thuang mai, tiong dd trpng lim la phit triln khu du heh Hd Niii Cdc. Md rdng vi ning cao chit Iugng cie logi hinh dich vy du Iich, khich san n h i hang, giao thong van tii, tai chinh ngin hing, khoa hge edng nghd va eie logi hinh lu van, uu tidn phil trien cie loai hinh dieh vu cd gii tri gia tang cao, phit triln thi tmdng djch vu ed tiim ning./.
Tai iieu tham l(hao
Dio Thuy Hing, Nguyin Thi Huang (2017), Mdt sd van d l vl dinh hudng phit triln kinh le tinh Thai Nguydn d i n nim 2020, Tap ehi Tii ehinh.
Nguyin Thi Hdng, Ndng Thi Kim Dung (2019), Mdt sd giii phap phil triln kinh te tinh Thii Nguyen nim 2019, Tgp ehi Tai chinh.
Http://eongbaothainguyen.gov.vn hltp://cucthongkethginguyen.gov.vn
