DI^N D A N TU" TU'dNG - LY LUAN
OUAN DIEM CUA DANG VE CONG TAC
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VAN DONG DONG BAO CO DAO
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ThS DANG MANH TRUNG
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an dung nhung quan diem cua chii nghla Mac-Lenin ve tdn giao va cdng tac van ddng ddng bao tdn giao vao dieu kien thuc tien cua each mang Viet Nam, Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh xem viec doan ket quan chung tin do cac tdn giao trong khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc, hinh thanh siic manh tdng hgp thuc hien thang Igi nhung nhiem vu trong each mang giai phdng dan tdc, thdng nhat d t nudc ciing nhu trong each mang XHCN la van de chien lugc lau dai.Trong cugc khang chien ehdng thuc dan Phap va de qude My, Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh va Dang ta da doan ket rdng rai ddng bao cac tdn giao, lay muc tieu each mang lam diem tuong ddng de van ddng cac tang Idp nhan dan tham gia khang chien, hy sinh cho each mang, trong dd cd nhimg tin do diing cam chien dau, trd thanh diing si, nhieu tim guong yeu nuac da anh diing hy sinh vi ddc lap tu do cua dan tdc.
Hd Chi Minh da nhilu lin neu ro quin chimg tin do cac tdn giao ndi chung la nhung ngudi tot; "nhan dan ta bit ky luong hay giao
* Ban Dan van Tinh uy Ddng Nai
deu tdt ca"'. Tuy vay, ciing can nhan rd mdt thuc te, da cd mdt sd ngudi theo dao bj ke xau Igi dung nham chia re khdi dai doan ket dan tdc; mdt sd ngudi ddi Idt tdn giao boat ddng ehdng pha each mang Viet Nam.
De nang cao hieu qua cdng tac van ddng ddng bao cac tdn giao, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ludn nhan nhu can bd, dang vien nhat thiet phai cd kien thirc ve tdn giao, hieu biet nhiing dieu CO ban ve giao ly, phong tuc tap quan cua ddng bao, dac biet la khdng dugc xuc pham den niem tin tdn giao va phai td thai do than ai, tdn trgng, tranh thu su ddng tinh ung hd cua cac vj chiic sac tdn giao.
Chiic sac tdn giao la nhiing ngudi cd uy tin, cd anh hudng manh me den quan chiing tin do. Vi vay, viec tranh thu cac vj chiic sac tdn giao se cd tac dung tich cue trong cdng tac myen truyen van ddng ddng bao theo dao chap hanh diing dudng ldi, chu truang, chinh saeh cua Dang va phap luat cua Nha nuac.
Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh ludn ddng vien, khen thudng kjp thdi nhung vj chiic sac cac tdn giao cd edng vdi nuac va cd ddng gdp ich nuac Igi dan. Ngay 25-4-1949, Chii tjch Hd Chi Mmh da ky Sac lenh sd 32/SL thudng
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Huan chuong Ddc lap hang Nhi cho Linh muc Nguyen Ba Luan vi thanh tich "Van ddng va hudng dan ddng bao Cdng giao tich cue tham gia khang chien". Nhan nhiing ngay le trgng cua tdn giao, Ngudi ludn chiic mirng chirc sac va ddng bao cd dao. Khi cac vj chiic sac tdn giao dm dau, qua ddi, vdi thai do ehan thanh, Ngudi da tham hdi, chia budn kjp thdi.
Chinh thai do tran trgng, ehan thanh ddi vdi chirc sac va tin dd cac tdn giao ma Ngudi ludn dugc cac vj chiic sac, tin dd tdn trgng, kinh ne, danh nhieu tinh cam uu ai.
Ve ngi dung va phuong phap van ddng ddng bao cac tdn giao, Hd Chi Minh cd each lam rit linh hoat va sang tao. Ngudi chii y chgn lge va khai thac nhimg gia tri nhan van trong giao ly va ludn sir dung nhirng dieu trong giao ly, nhung ldi ndi cua cac vj thanh hien trong cac tap Kinh Phat, Kinh Thanh.. .de Idng ghep vao cac ndi dung tuyen tmyen giao due cho ddng bao cac tdn giao.
Nhd vay ma ddng bao tin dd de tilp tiiu cac ngi dung truj'en dat. Khi giao due Idng yeu nuac va giae ngd each mang cho ddng bao Cdng giao, Ngudi ndi: "Kinh tiianh cd cau "Y dan la y Chua", con dudng yeu nudc ma ddng bao dang di la hoan toan diing. Tdi mong cac cu phu lao, cac vj giam muc, linh muc hang hai khuyin khich cac tin dd trong mgi cdng viec ich nudc, lgi dan" . Hay khi keu ggi tin dd cac tdn giao doan keL hda hgp vdi cac ting ldp nhan dan d u tranh chong lai am muu chia re cua ke tiiii, Nguai dan ldi cau nguyen cua Chiia Kirixito: "Nguyen cho het tiiay ddng bao hoan toan hgp nhit vdi nhau"^
Tir thuc tien cdng tac lanh dao each mang Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh nit ra bai hge mang
tinh triet ly sau sic: "Ta quan tam tdi ddi sdng quan ehiing tiii quan chung theo ta. Ta dugc Idng dan thi ta khdng sg gi ca. Neu khdng dugc long dan thi ta khdng thi lam tdt cdng tac"^.
Bai hge nay khdng ehi ed gia trj trong cac giai doan ljch sii each mang truac day, ma trong giai doan each mang hien nay van cdn nguyen gia tii va cang cd y nghia rat quan trgng.
Ke thira va van dung sang tao nhung quan diem ca ban cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve cdng tac tdn giao.
Dang, Nha nuac ta ludn thuc hien nhat quan chinh saeh tdn trgng tu do tin nguong phu hgp vdi tung giai doan ljch sir, nhat la giai doan ddi mdi d t nuac, nhirng quan diem ddi mdi cua Dang dugc the hien nhu sau:
Bao cao chinh tri tai Dai hdi VI cua Dang (nam 1986) da khang djnh: "Dang va Nha nuac ta, truac sau nhu mdt, thuc hanh chinh saeh tdn trgng tu do tin ngudng. Lanh dao va giiip dof ddng bao theo tdn giao doan ket xay dung cugc sdng mdi va hang hai tham gia bao veTdqude"^. ..,:.' •„
Dai hdi VTI cua Dang (1991) xac djnh:
"Tin ngudng, tdn giao la nhu d u tinh than ciia mdt bg phan nhan dan. Dang va Nha nudc ta tdn trgng quyen tu do tin ngudng va til do khdng tin nguong eua nhan dan, thuc hien binh ding, doan ket luong giao va giira cac tdn giao. Khac phue mgi thai do hep hdi, thanh kien, phan biet ddi xir vdi ddng bao co dao, ehdng nhiing hanh dgng vi pham tu do tin nguong; ddng thdfi nghiem d m va ngan ehan mgi hanh vi Igi dung tdn giao pha hoai dgc lap va doan ket dan tdc, ehdng chu
46 TAP CHi LjCH SLF D A N G - SO 11/2009
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nghia xa hdi, ngan can tin do lam nghia vu cdng dan"^. Ngoai viee khing djnh rd sir binh dang giira cac tdn giao va cac boat ddng tdn giao dugc bao dam, khuyin khich, Dang cdn de cao vai trd cua ngudi cd dao trong sir nghiep doan ket dan tdc va xay dung CNXH d nudc ta.
Dai hdi VIII cua Dang (1996) ben canh viec tiep tuc khang djnh thi hanh nhat quan chinh saeh tdn trgng quyen tu do tin ngudng ciia cdng dan cdn xac djnh traeh nhiem cua Nha nuac: "Nha nudc cham lo phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hdi, giiip ddf ddng bao cd dao xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao ddi sdng, tham gia cac cdng viec xa hdi, tir thien.. ."^.
Dai hdi IX cua Dang (2001), ngoai viec khang djnh nhung quan diem cua Dang trong cac dai hdi truac cdn bd sung mdt sd diem mdi nham de cao traeh nhiem cdng dan cua ddng bao theo dao, nghiem cam viec Igi dung tdn giao: "Ddng bao theo dao va cac vi chiic sac tdn giao cd nghla vu lam trdn traeh nhiem cdng dan ddi vdi Td qude, sdng "tdt ddi, dep dao", phat huy nhung gia tri tdt dep ve van hda, dao diic cua tdn giao. Timg budc hoan thien phap luat ve tin ngudng, tdn giao..." .
Dai hdi X cua Dang (2006) tiep tuc phat trien cac quan diem ddi mdi cdng tac tdn giao cua Dang; ddng thdi xac dinh rd vai trd quan trgng cua ddng bao cac tdn giao trong khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc. Theo dd, Nha nudc khdng chi thira nhan sir tdn tai ciia cac td chiic tdn giao hgp phap ma cdn dugc phap luat bao hd va diu tu cham lo mgi mat cho ddng bao cac tdn giao. Nghj quyet neu rd: "Cac td chiic
tdn giao hgp phap boat ddng theo phap luat va dugc phap luat bao hd. Thuc hien tdt cac chuong trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, nang cao ddi sdng vat chat, van hda ciia ddng bao cac tdn giao. Tang cudng cdng tac dao tao, bdi dudng can bd lam cdng tac tdn giao..."'.
Qua cac ky Dai hdi, nhung quan diem ddi mdi ciia Dang ve edng tac tdn giao da ngay cang hoan thien. Mdt sd nghi quyet dugc ban hanh da tao ra budc dot pha quan trgng. Dang da khang dinh rd tdn giao la van de cdn tdn tai lau dai, tin ngudng, tdn giao la nhu cau tinh than cua mdt bd phan nhan dan, dao diic tdn giao cd nhieu dieu phii hgp vdi cdng cude xay dung xa hdi mdi.
Dang the hien rd nhung quan diem ddi mdi ve tdn giao, thira nhan mdt thuc te khach quan la tdn giao ra ddi rat sdm trong ljch sir va tdn tai trong sudt qua trinh phat trien ciing nhu nhung thang tram cua ljch sir, ciia xa hdi;
Nghi quylt 25-NQ/TW ngay 12-3-2003 "Vl cdng tac tdn giao" lam rd nhieu quan diem mdi ve tdn giao nhu: Tin ngudng tdn giao la nhu cau tinh than cua mdt bd phan nhan dan, dang va se tdn tai cimg dan tdc trong qua trinh xay dung chu nghia xa hdi d nuac ta; Dang, Nha nudfc thue hien nhat quan chinh saeh dai doan ket toan dan tdc; ndi dung cdt Idi ciia cdng tac tdn giao la cdng tac van ddng quan chiing; cdng tac tdn giao la traeh nhiem cua ca he thdng chinh tri; van de theo dao va truyen dao dugc thuc hien tu do theo quy dinh ciia phap luat. Dd chinh la nhung ndi dung co ban cua dudng Idi ehinh saeh ddi mdi ve tdn giao cua Dang va dugc Nha nudc the che hda bang
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cae chi thj, nghi quyet va cac van ban phap quy nhu: Ngay 21-3-1991, Hdi ddng Bg trudng ban hanh Nghj djnh sd 69/HDBT "quy djnh ve cac hoat ddng tdn giao". Ngay 19-4-
1999, Chinh phu ra Nghj djnh sd 26/1999/ND-CP "Vl cac boat ddng tdn giao".
Ngay 29-6-2004, Chii tjch nuac ky lenh cdng bd Phap lenh Tin ngudng, tdn giao va ngay 1- 3-2005 Chinh phii ban hanh Nghj dinh sd 22/2005/ND-CP, hudng din tiii hanh mdt sd dieu cua Phap lenh Tin ngudng, tdn giao. Sd lugng van ban phap quy ve tdn giao cua Nha nudc ban hanh tir sau nam 1990 nhieu hon may lan so vdi cac giai doan truac. Ve hinh thiic van ban phap quy ngay cang mang tinh phap ly cao hon nhu: thdng tu, chi thj, nghi djnh, phap lenh, luat. Ndi dung cae van ban phap quy ngay cang dugc bd sung va hoan thien cho phii hgp vdi yeu cau eiia thuc tien.
Nam 2003. Hdi nghj lan thii bay (phan II) Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Khda IX da ban va thdng qua Nghj quyet ve cdng tac tdn giao, trong dd da nhan djnh xac dang: "Cdng tac tdn giao khdng chi cd y nghia chien lugc trong thdi ky ddi mdi ma trong mgi giai doan ciia each mang Viet Nam. Dudi su lanh dao cua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, cdng tac tdn giao da thu dugc nhieu thanh tuu quan trgng, ddng bao cac tdn giao da cd nhung ddng gdp tich cue vao cdng cugc xay dung va bao ve Td qude. Tuy nhien, trong thdi ky ddi mdi, tinh hinh boat ddng tdn giao cdn cd nhirng dien bien phiic tap, tiem an nhirng nhan td cd the gay mat dn djnh"". Nhung danh gia ciia Dang ve tdn giao ngay cang khoa hge va sat
thuc, dua tren ca sdf ly luan cua chu nghla Mac-Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh va thuc tien cdng tac tdn giao Viet Nam, duge ddng bao tdn giao ddng tinh. Linh muc Vuong Dmh Bich, trong bai viet "Tam Idng cua Dang ddi vdi ddng bao giao hiru" da bay td: "Tam Idng eua Bac, tim Idng cua Dang khdng phai chi la "tinh cam" bdi vi dd la tim Idng each mang, vira d y tinh dan tdc, vira d y tinh giai cap, trong mdt the tiidng nhat ma Bac va Dang da thuc hien xuyen sudt qua trinh ap dung chu nghia Mac-Lenin mdt each sang tao, ddc dao vao each mang Viet Nam.. ."'^.
I. Hd ChiMnh Todn t^, CTQG, H 1995, T.8, tr345 2.Sdd,T.\\,tr.3\4
3.5d'a', T.10,tr.285 , 7.
4.5^4 T.12,tr.l 18-119 <
5, 6, 7, 8. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hdi Ddng thdi ky ddi mdi, CTQG, H, 2005, tr.
284,508,671,671
9. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dcd hoi Ddng todn quoc ldn thdX CTQG, i i 2006, tr. 123 'ji
10. Ban Bi thu Trung uong Dang: Nghj quyet s6 40-NQ/TW ngay 1-10-1981 Vi cong tdc ddi vdi cdc ton gido trong tinh hinh mdi, tr. 5,7-8
II. Nguyen Trong Phiic (Chii bien): Cdc Dai hgi da bieu todn quoc vd Hgi nghi Ban Ch^ hdnh Trung uong Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam, CTQG, H 2006, tr.680
12. Vuong Dinh Bich: Tdm long cua Ddng doi v&i dong bao gido hiru, Nguyet san Cong giao va Dan toe, s6 ra ngay 13-7-1986, tr.3
13. Do Quang Hung: Van de tdn gido trong cdch mgng Viet Nam - Ly ludn vd thuc tiin, CTQG, H, 2007, tr. 418,430,448.
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