Nghien cuu - Trao ddi T p p c h i c a n g s d n
• j r t y I V
PHAT TRIEN DU LICH NONG THON 6 NirbC TA HIEN NAY
BUI XUAN NHAN
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Phdt triin ndng nghiep, ndng thdn vd ndng cao ddi sdng ndng ddn dang trd thdnh vdn di duqc quan tdm hdng ddu hiin nay eua Ddng vd Nhd nude ta. Ddy cdng Id ehu di duqe rdt nhiiu nhd nghiin eitu quan tdm vd eho rdng vdi ndng ddn, cdn phdi cd cdch nhin mdi phu hqp hon vd hq edn duqe ddi xu nhu Id nhitng doanh nghiip ndng thdn. Trong qud trinh phdt triin hien nay, khi tuliiu sdn xudt quan trqng trong ndng nghiip Id ddt dai dang bi thu hep, nhudng chd cho cdc du dn cdng nghiip, dich vu thi viec phdt trien du lich ndng thdn tqi nhdng dia phuong ed nhiiu tiim ndng du lich cdn duqe quan tdm hon di gdp phdn gidi quyit viec Idm, tqo ngudn thu nhdp tudich vu eho ndng ddn.
1 - Ve SU ra doi va phat trien ciia du ljch nong thon tren the gidi
Khai niem du ljch nong thdn da manh nha ciing vdi sy hinh thanh cila nganh dudng sat d chau Au. Tuy nhien, cho mai den nhiing nam diu cua thap nien 80 the ky XX, du ljch ndng thdn mdi dugc xem la mdt loai hinh du ljch va phd biln d hlu het cac qudc gia d chau Au nhu Phap, Hung-ga-ri, Bun-ga-ri, Ha Lan, Dan Mach, Thuy Diln... Liic biy gid, khai niem du ljch ndng thdn dugc quan niem tuong ddng vdi cac loai hinh du ljch d nong trai, du ljch di san, du ljch xanh, du ljch nha nghi d ndng thdn...
Sy khac biet vl du ljch nong thdn d cac qudc gia phat triln va qudc gia dang phat trien la d chd: tai cac qudc gia dang phat trien, ngudi ta xem du ljch ndng thdn la da dang hda thu nhap tir ndng nghiep, gdp phan chong ddi ngheo, phat huy sire manh npi Iuc cua cpng ddng, bao
tdn cac gia tri ban sac van hda truyen thong va bao ve moi trudng. Vi vay, du ljch nong thdn d cac nude nay phat trien theo chieu rong. Cdn d cac quoc gia phat trien thi loai hinh du ljch nay lai phat trien theo chieu sau ma nguyen nhan chinh la do cac khu vyc nong thon ngay cang bj thu hep lai.
O Phap, Bp Du ljch da phat trien da dang hda cac loai hinh du ljch (nhu du lich bai bien va du lich ndng thdn) de thu hiit du khach nude ngoai. Trong thdi gian tdi, tai Phap cd khoang 300 diem d cac viing nong thon se dugc lya chpn de thyc hien cac du an lap dat cac thiet bj, phat trien cac phuong tien giao thong cdng cdng nham thu hilt khach du ljch qudc te.
* TS, Pho Hifu truOTig Truong Dai hpe Thuong m^i, Ha Npi
Nghien ctiu - Trao ddi Tpp chi c a n g sdn
Du lich ndng thdn cd trudc du lich sinh thdi, nhung du lich ndng thdn it duqfc Met den, vi dd ehi Id ngudn thu nhdp them eiia cdc trang trai, cdn du lich sinh thdi phdt trien mqnh den mirc trd thdnh mdt hien tuqng cua ngdnh du lich.
O Trung Qudc, tir nam 1990, chinh phu da myen bd mdt chuang trinh du ljch ndng thdn nham muc dich chdng ddi ngheo tai mdt sd tinh nhu Van Nam, Quang Ddng... Cac diem du ljch tai nhiing khu vyc ndng thdn rdng ldn cua Trung Qudc hang nam tiep ddn 300 trieu khach du ljcb, dat doanh thu 40 ti NDT (5,13 ti USD). Theo cac sd lieu chinh thdc cila Tdng cue Du ljch Trung Qudc, 30 diem du lich ndng thdn quanh Thugng Hai da ddn 3,91 trieu khach du ljch trong nam 2006, tang 86% so vdi nam 2005; hang nam cd khoang 60 trieu du khach tir khu vuc thanh thj chpn den cac viing ndng thdn trong "3 tuan nghi vang" vao thang 5, thang 10 va thdi gian dien ra Le hdi Mua xuan.
O Nhat Ban, tir nam 1995, Bd Ndng Lam Thiiy san da thiet lap chuang trinh nha nghi ndng thdn khap tren dat nude. Cac nha nghi ndng thon nay chil yeu do cac ndng hd ca the hay dya vao ttang ttai. Du khach dugc phuc vu cac djch vu an nghi tai cac nha nghi ndng thdn hoac tham gia cac hoat ddng hang ngay d day nhu trdng trot, gat hai, cau ca...
O Han Qudc, du ljch ndng thdn bat dau vao nam 1984 tir mdt dy an cila chinh phu nhim tang thu nhap cho ndng dan. Nhieu lang que Han Qudc truac day vdn ngheo nan, nhd chuang trinh nay ma bd mat da thay ddi ban, thu nhap ctla ndng dan tang len dang ke.
O Thai Lan, tir lau chinh phu da cd chinh sach khuyen khich dau tu phat trien du ljch
ndng thon theo md hinh cac trang trai hoac cac khu lang khep kin, cd day dii cac djch vu phuc vu du khach. Tu nam 1997, du ljch ndng tiidn da phat trien kha nhanh, thu hiit nhieu du khach ndi dja va qudc te.
Ngoai ra, du lich ndng thdn cdn cd d hau het cac qudc gia tren the gidi nhu My, 0-xtray-li-a, Ca-na-da, Lat-vi-a, Tay Ban Nha, In-dd-ne-xi-a, Ne-pan, An Dp... Dang chii y la Anh, Phap, Diic va Ao la nhirng qudc gia thdng tri thi tnrdng du lich ndng thdn toan cau vdi hang ngan doanh nghiep kinh doanh loai hinh du ljch nay d mdi nude.
Do nhirng dieu kien kinh te, xa hdi, tir nhien khac nhau, nen hinh thiic du lich nong thdn cung khac nhau theo tung viing, qudc gia, lanh thd. Chang ban, d 6-xtray-li-a, du ljch ndng thdn chil yeu dua vao cac ttang trai ldn;
d Nhat Ban, hinh thiic du lich chil yeu la cac nha nghi than thien d ndng thdn; d Han Quoc, du ljch ndng thdn dugc td chiic theo cac trang trai nhd; d Dai Loan, du lich ndng thdn dugc td chuc theo nhdm sd thich cila cdng ddng;
Trung Qudc va An Dp la nhung qudc gia c6 nhieu lang nen du lich ndng thdn dugc td chuc theo quy md lang. Phat trien du ljch ndng thdn se gdp phan bao tdn di san va bao ve moi trudng; giam ngheo thdng qua phat trien kinh ke ndng thdn, phat trien nganh, nghe; giiip phat trien du lich sinh thai va cac loai hinh du ljch khac; giao due, huan luyen va tang cudng ky nang cho cdng ddng; tao viec lam cho phu nu va sii dung san pham dja phuong, giiip phat trien ndng nghiep sinh thai.
Du lich ndng thdn cd cac dac dilm can ban sau: (1) Nen tang cua du ljch nong thdn la ndng nghiep; (2) Md hinh du ljch ndng thdn c6 the thay ddi theo thdi gian va khdng gian cho phii hgp vdi tinh hinh; (3) Du ljch ndng thdn khdng canh tranh vdi cac loai hinh du ljch khac, sy phat ttien cua cac nganh khac la tiin
4 8 Sfi 802 (thang 8 nam 2009)
Nghi ien ciiu - Trao ddi T a p c h i c a n g s d n
de cho du ljch phat ttien. Tuy nhien, sy canh tranh trong nganh thi rit ldn: (4) Dl phat sinh nhirng hinh thai bien tau ciia du ljch nong thdn; (5) Cd tinh lien nganh va lien viing cao.
Tir nhirng dac dilm tren, phat triln du ljch nong thon phai bao dam cac nguyen tac sau:
Bao dam tinh cdng bang cho cac chil the tham gia; dem lai lgi ich cho ngudi dan dja phuong va phat huy npi lye d timg dja phuong; bao tdn, phat huy vdn di san va bao ve mdi trudng;
ludn ddi mdi va tao su khac biet; tang cudng mdi lien ket theo chieu dpc va chieu ngang de lam phong phii them san pham; giii gin ban sac, xay dung hinh anh dep trong long du khach.
Tuy xuat hien trudc du lich sinh thai, nhung du ljch ndng thdn it dugc biet den, bdi sue anh hudng cua du ljch nong thdn bay gid chi d mirc dp cac boat ddng trong trang trai va dugc coi nhu la mdt nguon thu nhap them cila cac trang trai. Trong khi dd, du ljch sinh thai ra ddi trong bdi canh hinh thanh nhiing loai hinh du ljch cd trach nhiem vdi mdi trudng. Du ljch sinh thai da thu hiit sy quan tam cua nhieu td chirc bao tdn thien nhien va cua nhieu qudc gia thi gidi. Du ljch sinh thai phat trien manh den mirc trd thanh mdt hien tugng cua nganh du ljch. Khdng dimg lai d dd, tiep noi cac loai hinh du ljch cd trach nhiem vdi mdi trudng la cac loai hinh du ljch cd ttach nhiem vdi cdng ddng ra ddi, tir dd chiing ta cd cac khai niem du ljch chdng ddi ngheo, du ljch ban dja, du ljch cdng ddng... va khai niem du ljch ben virng ra ddi.
Oddng bang sdng Cuu Long hien cd 21 diim du lich miit vuon, thu hut rdt ddng khdeh trong nude vd nude ngodi.
2 - Nong thon Viet Nam va tiem nang phat trien du ljch nong thon
Khu vuc nong thdn cd khoang 75% dan cu dang sinh sdng, c6 dien tich dat chiem tren 92% dien tich lanh tho Viet Nam. Thu nhap binh quan dau ngirdi khu vuc ndng thon thap ban dan cu thanh pho khoang 2,5 lan va khoang each thu nhap ngay cang cd xu hudng gia tang. Tinh trang thieu viec lam. that nghiep d nong thon cQng cao han thanh thi khoang 7 trieu ngirdi. Moi nam, khu vuc nay cd hon 1 trieu ngudi dugc bo sung them vao lye lugng lao dpng, hang chuc nghin ngirdi dan di cu tu phat ra thanh pho va den nhimg dja phuong cd nhieu dat rimg de khai hoang. mong tim cupc sdng tdt dep hon. Viec di cu nay lam yeu ca cau xa hpi d viing nong thon, gia tang nan pha rimg, va tang them ap Iuc d thanh phd ve cac mat kinh te, xa hpi, moi tnrdng. Su yeu kem ciia khu vuc nong thon con the hien d ca ket cau ha tang nhu he thong dudng sa, cung cap nude tudi, tieu. cung cap dien va thong tin...
Vi ndng nghiep: Nong nghiep la hoat dpng chinh cila kinh te nong thon. chiem 68% tdng gia tri san pham (GDP) d nong thon. Luat Dat dai nam 1993 da tao lap ca sd phap ly de hp ndng dan la don vj san xuat nong nghiep tu chU, va nhd dd, da tao ra dpng Iuc nang cao san xuit. bao dam an toan luong thuc cho hau hit ngirdi dan. Ndng nghiep. dac biet la san xuit gao, hien nay dang ddng gdp nhieu cho xuit khiu. Tuy nhien, thu nhap binh quan cua ndng dan vin cdn rat thap. Hau het ndng dan khdng cd du viec lam, vi c6 it dat dai (trung binh cd 0,5 ha/hp), rupng dit lai bj chia thanh rit nhilu manh nhd. Co khi hda nong nghiep phat triln rit cham. Tuong ty, cd nhieu viec phai lam de cai thien gidng cay trdng. vat nudi va ap dung ky thuat canh tac hien dai. Do vay, nlu so sanh vdi nong nghiep ciia cac nude Ddng - Nam A khac nhu Thai Lan va
Nehien ciiu - Trao doi Tpp chi c a n g sdn
Phi-hp-pin thi ndng nghiep Viet Nam khdng hieu qua va khdng cd tinh canh tranh. Sy tiep can cua Viet Nam vdi thuong mai the giai ngay cang sau rdng lam cho viec khac phuc nhiing thieu sdt nay la ddi hdi rat cap thiet.
Ve cong nghiep, dich vu d nong thon: Khu vyc cdng nghiep, dich vu d ndng thdn cdn yeu, nhung cd nhieu tiem nang de phat trien. Do cdng nghiep chua phat trien nen chat lugng gao xuat khau tir Viet Nam thap do hu hai trong qua trinh che bien; chi phi san xuat dudng mia cao ban cac nude khac; lang phi trong bao quan, che bien rau qua. Hon nira, qua nhieu nha may che bien lai dat d thanh phd, dieu nay cd nghia la chi phi nhieu cho viec van chuyen ndng san nguyen heu tii ndng thdn va khu vyc ndng thdn khdng cd them viec lam do cac nha may che bien san pham khdng d gan nod cd ngudn nguyen lieu.
Mdt tiem lye dang ke d nhieu viing nong thdn la truyen thdng lam hang thu cdng, nhu san xuat dd gdm sir, hang det, ddng, da, son mai, may tre va ndn... Cac mat hang nay tuy cd tiem nang phat trien, nhung chua dugc quan tam va dau tu dung mtic. Cac nganh djch vu tuong ddi yeu d ndng thdn do khd khan trong van chuyen va nhu cau cda dja phuong thap.
Du ljch da dugc thiet lap nhu la mdt ngudn thu nhap va la cdng viec dang ke d vai viing ndng thdn cu the. Du ljch cd tiem nang mang lai lgi ich tten pham vi rdng ban, neu dugc phat trien mpt each ben virng.
O nude ta cho den nay, khai niem du lich ndng thdn van chua dugc nhac tdi trong cac van ban phap ly, mac dii nude ta cd tiem nang ldn de phat trien du lich ndng thdn. Vdi phong canh thien nhien dep, dia hinh da dang gdm nui ddi, sdng sudi, bien dao, hang ddng, he dpng, thyc vat phong phii, vung ndng thdn vdi nhirng lang que cd kinh viing Bac Bd, nhiing net van hda truyen thdng dac sac, nhiing viing
dat cd lich sir hinh thanh lau ddi, nod luu giir nhieu di tich ljch sir va truyen thdng van hoa tap tuc cda ngudi xua, nhirng canh ddng bat ngat, phi nhieu d Nam Bd... la nhirng dieu kien can va dii de nude ta phat trien du ljch nong thdn. Ngudi Viet Nam nhan hau, thily chung, yeu chudng hda binh va giau Idng men khach ciing vdi ddi ban tay kheo leo, tri thdng minh, nhay ben va giau Idng qua cam, da lam nen nhirng net van hda truyen thdng dac sac Viet Nam tii chinh tam hdn mdc mac ay cila minh.
Lang que vdi nhirng boat ddng cila nghe ndng, nhirng nghe thu cdng kiem sdng hang ngay cda ngudi dan cu ngu, la ca mdt tai nguyen ldn cua du ljch ndng thdn ma du khach qudc te rat quan tam.
De gdp phan xda ddi, giam ngheo, tir nam 2001, Td chiic Phat trien qudc te cua Ha Lan (SNV) phdi hgp vdi sd du ljch cila mdt sd tinh thyc hien Chuang trinh Du lich ben virng vi ngudi ngheo va Sa pa (Lao Cai) la diem dugc lya chpn lam thi diem. Tai Thua Thien - Hue, SNV phdi hgp vdi Sd Du ljcb cua tinh de ra nhieu chuang trinh thiet thyc va cu the vdi nhirng ndi dung chinh: nang cao nhan thirc ve du ljch ben viing; xda ddi, giam ngheo; quan ly nha nude ve du ljch d dja phuong; xay dung md hinh du ljch cdng ddng va quan he hgp tac giiia cac ben lien ddi trong du lich. Vdi chuong trinh nay, SNV hd trg tu van ky thuat cho cac ddi tac cap tinh, huyen va cdng ddng de xay dyng md hinh du ljch ben virng, gop phan bao tdn mdi trudng, van hda va phat trien sinh ke cho ngudi ngheo. Md hinh thi diem tai vdng ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd vdn kha ngheo nan d mien niii cila tinh da thu hiit tren 30 doan khach qudc te den mua cac san pham du ljch cua dia phuong. Tu nam 1986 tai Long Ho (VTnh Long) da xay dyng dugc md hinh du ljch sinh thai d ndng thon kha hieu qua, mo hinh dau tien tir ngdi nha ba gian truyen thong cila Nam Bd gan lien vdi sdng nude, kenh
5 0 Sfi 802 (thang 8 nam 20091
N g h i e n cuu - Trao ddi T p p c h i c a n g s d n
rach, miet vudn. Hien nay mo hinh nay da dugc nhan rong len 21 dilm du ljch miet vudn, thu hiit kha ddng khach du ljch trong va ngoai nude. Tuy nhien, cac mo hinh nay vin cdn thieu sy quan tam hd ttg ciia chinh quyin dja phuong.
Nhiing nam gan day, nganh du ljch Viet Nam phat trien da dang cac loai hinh du ljch, nhung du ljch ndng thon chua phat trien bdi cac ly do sau:
Mot Id, chua cd quy hoach cu the cho timg dja phuong d l phat trien du ljch ndng thdn, cu the la chua cd mdt khung ly thuyit chung cho cac khai niem ve loai hinh du hch nay.
Hai Id, du lich phat trien, nhung chua tuong xung vdi tiem nang von cd cua nd. Sy phat trien ciia du ljch da tac ddng din ddi sdng con ngudi, thien nhien va mdi trudng d ndng thdn ve ca hai huong Uch cue lan tieu eye, ma phan nhieu la tieu eye.
Ba Id, do phat trien du lich chua gin kit vdi dia phuong nen cac tai nguyen thien nhien dugc nganh du ljch khai thac chua hieu qua va ben viing. Trong khi dd, ngudi nong dan d nong thdn van diing ben le cac qua trinh van ddng cua nganh du ljch, nhiing boat ddng du lich chi mdi mang lgi cho Nha nude va khu vyc tunhan. ; i:';"
Bdn Id, chua. co sy chuan bi tdt ve nhan thiic cho cap ily, chinh quyen cac cap va ngudd dan dja phuong cd tai nguyen du ljch nong thdn de hp san sang tham gia boat ddng nay, tii dd giam bdt dugc nhung te nan thudng gap nhu cheo keo khach, cung iing san pham va djch vu kem chat lugng, dan lam mat di ban sac van hda cila dja phuong.
Ndm Id, ndng dan la nhiing ngudi dua di san sinh thai va van hda ciia minh tham gia hoat ddng du ljch ndng thdn, nhung trong thuc tl lai thu dugc rit it lgi tir hoat ddng nay.
3 - Mot so giai phap phat trien du ljch nong thon
Chien luge phat triln kinh tl - xa hpi din nam 2010 da dugc Dang va Nha nude ta xac djnh: tdc dp tang trudng kinh tl d nong thon dat 10% - 11% trong giai doan 2006 - 2010;
phan dau de toe dp tang tnrdng nhanh chdng ban d khu vyc cong nghiep va djch vu so vdi nong nghiep de tao viec lam, tao 800.000 viec lam mdi moi nam trong khu vuc kinh tl nong thon; nang cao miic thu nhap binh quan hIng nam a nong thon len 550 USD/ngudi vao nam 2010, duy tri ty le giiia thu nhap binh quan d ndng thon va thu nhap binh quan quoc gia; cai thien nhanh ch6ng ket cau ha tang va djch vu ndng thon; va bang each nay, duy tri miic dan sd nong thdn, dong thdi chap nhan giam ty le trong CO cau dan so quoc gia.
Phat trien djch vu ndi chung va du ljch nong thon ndi rieng d nude ta co vai trd quan trpng de tang trudng kinh te, tao nhieu viec lam mdi d nong thon. Dir kien nhirng nganh nay se tang ttudng GDP 14% mdi nam vao nam 2010 (so vdi 4% cua nong nghiep); va ty le nhirng nganh nay trong tong viec lam d nong thon se tang gap ddi, tir 14% nam 2000 din 28% nam 2010; va se tao 400.000 viec lam true tiep mdi mdi nam va hang tram ngan viec lam gian tiep do hieu ung cila nganh du ljch d nong thon.
De thuc hien tot cac muc tieu tren, nhanh chdng phat trien du ljch ndng thon gan vdi xda ddi, giam ngheo va chuyen djch ca cau kinh te, thu hep khoang each giau ngheo giira thanh thj va nong thdn, can thyc hien tot cac giai phap sau:
1 - Khi giai quyet viec thu hoi dat cua ndng dan dl sir dung cho cac muc dich khac nhu dua vao kinh doanh, xay dung khu dd thj mdi, san golf, ndng dan phai dugc thuang thao theo thi
Nghien ctiu - Trao ddi Tpp chi c a n g sdn
trudng, hp phai dugc thda thuan den bii vdi cac doanh nghiep cdng nghiep, djch vu khac den kinh doanh tren dat ndng nghiep ma hp dang san xuat. Mat khac, ciing can nghien ciiu de dua ndng dan tham gia tao them gia Ui mdi bang chinh tai nguyen "ndng thdn" cila hp de phat trien cac djch vu, trong dd cd djch vu du ljch de true tiep phuc vu cho cac khu cdng nghiep, khu vui chod, giai tri...
2 - Can cd cac nghien ciiu co ban ve timg viing ndng thdn trong ke hoach phat trien cila cac tinh, thanh phd trong ca nude. Xac djnh sue thu hut cila tai nguyen du ljch tren dja ban ndng thdn tren co sd dieu tra va danh gia toan dien tai nguyen thdng qua 9 tieu chi chinh sau:
(1) miic dp hap dan cila tai nguyen du ljch nong thon cila timg dja phuong; (2) thdi gian khai thac cac tai nguyen; (3) cac yeu td mdi trudng; (4) sue chiia cila timg viing; (5) dp ben viing trong khai thac tiem nang du ljch ndng thdn; (6) kha nang tiep can; (7) dieu kien ha tang; (8) kha nang phat trien; (9) hieu qua kinh te va xa hdi. Cac tieu chi tren giiip cho viec lugng hda tai nguyen theo thang bac tao ca sd de td chiic khai thac va quan ly, phat trien tai nguyen ttong du ljch cua timg dja phuong.
3 - Xac djnh rd ndi dung chii yeu de khai thac tai nguyen du ljch tren dja ban ndng thdn la phat trien du ljch sinh thai, du ljch van hda vdi phuong thirc da dang hda chu the tham gia.
Tai nguyen du ljch ndng thdn se dugc khai thac de td chirc cac loai hinh du ljch mdi, gan ket cac chuang trinh du ljch hien cd vdi cac san pham va djch vu mdi, nang cao chat lugng cac chuang trinh. Dac biet coi trpng mdi quan he lien ket, ddi tac trong cung irng cac djch vu phuc vu tdi da nhu cau cua du khach.
4 - Hoan thien viec quy hoach du lich cho timg dja phuong va tang cudng quan ly nha nude de thyc hien cac quy hoach da dugc phe chuan, ttanh tinh trang lam an manh mun, lam
cho du ljch nong thon kem tinh ben virng. Xay dyng cac md hinh du lich d ndng thdn phu hgp vdi cac dia phuong khac nhau nhu md hinh trang ttai hoac md hinh du lich theo quy mo lang de du khach cd the tham gia cac hoat ddng cda lang trong vai ba ngay vdi cac tien nghi dich vu cd chat lugng va nhat la cac cdng trinh ve sinh d ndng thdn;
5 - Tang cudng dau tu ket cau ha tang, ca sd vat chat - ky thuat va san pham du lich lam cho cac lang que Viet Nam ttd nen de tiep xue ban va tao thuan Ipd trong lien ket giira cac lang, cac khu vuc ttong thu hiit khach du ljch.
6 - Hoan thien co che, chinh sach quan ly djch vu du ljch, md cac Idp cho can bd chinh quyen cac dja phuong nang cao nhan thiic ve phat trien du ljch; xay dyng cac quy udc cua cac lang trong khai thac du ljch, ttanh tinh trang lam an chup giat nhu hien nay. Tuyen truyen, phd bien cho dan cu dia phuong ve phat triln du ljcb ndng thdn, dua chuang trinh nay vao day trong cac tnrdng phd thdng d cac dja phuong.
7 - Day manh dao tao ngudn nhan lye cho cac doanh nghiep du lich, dua chuang trinh dao tao phat trien du lich ndng thdn vao cac ca sd dao tao. Cac doanh nghiep lii hanh khi xay dyng cac chuong trinh du lich ndng thdn can nghien ciru ky dac diem cila cac dia phuong co tai nguyen du ljch va cd mdi hen he chat che khac ttong he thdng du ljch la chinh quyen, cu dan cac dja phucmg va khach du lich.
8 - Tang cudng md rdng thi trudng va tuyen truyen quang ba cho cac chuang trinh du ljch ndng thdn dugc xay dyng tren ca sd bao dam quan he giira khai thac va phat trien ben virng tai nguyen, ket hgp phat trien du ljch vdi phat triln ndng tiidn, ket hgp yeu td truyen thdng vdi yeu td hien dai. •
5 2 Sd 802 (thang 8 nam 2009)
