62 SO 07-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
THONG TIN
; t i
QUAN DIEM CUA CUBA VE VIEC
TO CHUrc CAC QUOC GIA CHAU MY (OAS) BAI BO NGHI QUYET CAT DUTT QUAN HE VOfI CUBA
' -n:
^ ^ * ^ r o n g phien hpp Dai Hdi ddng / I Td chdc cic nUdc chau My
\ ^ ' ( O A S ) ngay 3/6 vda qua tai Honduras, cac ngoai trUdng cua 34 nUdc thanh vien da dat dUdc thoa t h u i n ve viec bai bd Nghi quyet cd hieu liic td ndm 1962 cua OAS dd'i vdi Cuba, cham ddt 47 ndm Cuba hi td chdc nay doan tuyet quan he. Trong bai niy, chung tdi xin gidi thieu ddi net ve td chdc OAS va md'i quan he vdi Cuba, trong dd de cap den ly do Cuba bi khai trd v i p h i n dng cua nUdc n i y sau khi OAS ra thdng bio bai bd Nghi quyet tren, md dUdng chd Cuba quay trd lai tham gia td chdc.
To chuc cdc qudc gia chdu My (gpi t i t la OAS) la td chdc lien chinh phu khu viic My Latinh cd tru sd dat tai Wasington D,C,, gdm 34 nUdc thanh vien (khdng ke Cuba) I i cic qud'c gia dpc l i p d chau My, Day dUdc Cdi la td chdc qud'c te lau ddi nha't cua cac qud'c gia trong cung mpt khu viic, Y tudng ve thanh lap mdt td chdc hpp t i c d Tay B i n cau dUdc de ra tai Hpi nghi Panama vao nam 1826 n h i m tao dung mpt lien minh cac nen cdng hoa p chau My de bao ve cac nUdc chau My Latinh chd'ng lai ap liic chi phdi td ben ngoai. Y tudng nay luc dd da khdng the thiic hien dUpc vi cupc npi chien d Gran Colombia. Cho mai tdi nam 1890 tai Hpi nghi qudc te cic
qud'c gia chau My lan thii nha't d Washington D . C , 18 nUdc da quyet dinh t h a n h l i p Lien hiep qud'c te cac nen cdng hoa chau My, day cung dUdc xem la nam khdi diem ciia OAS,
Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi lan thii nha't, tinh hinh qud'c te ngay cang trP nen phdc tap, cac qud'c gia chau My n h i n tha'y n h u cau c i n phai tdng cUPng hpp t i e vdi n h a u hpn nda de cd the dd'i phd vdi nhiing t i c ddng td ben ngoai, da cung n h a u ky Hiep Udc Rio tai Rio de J a n e i r o ndm 1947.
T h i n g 5/1948 tai Hpi nghi Lien My l i n t h d 9, Td chdc cic qud'c gia chau My (OAS) dUdc t h a n h lap thay cho Lien hiep qud'c te cic nen cdng hoa chau My,
Muc dich hoat ddng cua OAS: Ciing cd hda binh va an ninh, ngdn ngda nhdng md'i ba't ddng va giai quyet cac tranh chap bang con dUPng hoa binh, hanh dpng chung trong trUPng hpp bi xam lupc, thuc day viec giai quyet cac van de kinh te, xa hpi, khoa hpc, ky thuat va vdn hoa, Dd'i vdi cac tranh chi'p P Tay Ban ciu, OAS dat Uu tien thupc tham quyen giai quyet cua td chdc nay hdn la t h a m quyen ciia Lien hpp qud'c,
Ngay td khi mdi t h a n h lap, cUPng linh boat dpng cua OAS cd ban diia tren chinh sach chd'ng Cdng do Ngoai trudng My thdi diem dd la
CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 07-2009 63
George Marshall de xUdng. Cuba I i mdt trong 35 nUdc t h a n h vien sang lap Td chdc, n h u n g ndm 1962 khi nUdc nay tuyen bd p h i t trien theo con dudng xa hdi chu nghia, dudi i p liic cua My, OAS da true xua't Cuba ra khdi td chdc nay, Theo Nghi quyet thi hpc thuyet Mac-Lenin khdng the chung sd'ng vdi the che cda OAS vi nd la nguyen n h a n p h i hoai sii doan ket d Tay Ban c i u , OAS yeu cau cic thanh vien cdn lai cua td chdc c i t ddt quan he ngeai giad v i kinh te vdi Cuba, Tuy nhien, n g i y 3/6 vda qua sau 47 ndm dean tuyet, OAS da hpp ban v i di den thd'ng nhi't xoa bd Nghi quyet 1962, cho phep Cuba dUdc t i i gia n h i p trd lai OAS,
H i n h dpng tren cua OAS dupc coi la mpt dpng thai tich ciic cua Td chdc cic qud'c gia chau My dd'i vdi Cuba sau 47 nam tuyet giao quan he v i cung la cP hpi de Cuba cd the t h o i t ra khdi n h d n g he luy td Nghi quyet 1962 m i di't nUdc va con ngUdi ndi day da va dang phai dd'i mat, Ke td khi hi khai trdt ra khdi OAS, hi My i p dung chinh s i c h cd lap, bad vay ve kinh te, Cuba da gap khdng it khd khan trong viec bao ve va duy tri hinh anh cua di't nUdc. NhUng vdi nghi liic va y chi phi thUdng cua ngUdi dan, Cuba da chdng minh chd the gidi thi'y rdng, thiic tien g i n 50 nam qua, che du Cuba khdng tham gia OAS, nhUng che dp chinh tri, an ninh xa hdi cua Cuba van dn dinh, cung nhu b i t chap chinh sich thu dich bao vay, cam van cua My, hdn d i e nay v i n kien cudng va vdng ving, Dac biet, trong bdi canh tinh hinh d My Latinh va Caribbean da cd nhdng thay ddi dang ke vdi viec nhieu Dang canh ta dang nam quyen dieu h i n h di't nifdc, thi vai trd v i anh hifdng cua Cuba dd'i vdi khu viic
n i y n g i y cang dupc cung cd v i tang cudng, Su ce lap cua Cuba da d i n bien mat sau khi Chien tranh Lanh ket thdc, tdng nUdc treng khu vUc t r d My da t i i thiet lap quan he ngeai giao vdi Cuba. Tai Hpi nghi thupng dinh My Latinh v i Caribbean ve hpi nhap va p h i t t n e n vio cudi ndm 2008 tai Brazil, Cuba da chinh thdc trd thanh t h i n h vien d i y du cua nhdm Rio (thanh lap nam 1986 tai Rio de Janeiro, la cO che tham khao, phd'i hpp chinh tri cua cic nudc My Latinh v i Caribbean) va I i t h a n h vien cua To chdc Su Ilia chpn Bolivia danh cho chau My (ALBA). Ngoii ra, Cuba cdn cd cic md'i quan he chinh tri va hpp t i e chat che vdi Lien minh cic quo'c gia Nam My (UNASUR) v i Cong ddng Caribbean (CARICOM), Cupc bd phieu ngay 3/6 da chi'm ddt dau mdc dai ddng cua cupc Chien tranh Lanh va Id hanh ddng mdi nhat trong mpt loat dpng t h i i d khu viic de thu hut La Habana trd lai td chdc. Viec cic nUdc t h i n h vien OAS thdng qua Quyet dinh bai bd Nghi quyet 1962 cung Ii mpt minh chdng cho thi'y hdn bad gid het cic nUdc trong khu viic da chdng to tieng noi cua hp cd trpng lUdng, ba't chap viec My khdng chi'p thuan mpt each hoin toan viec Cuba quay lai OAS,
Ngay sau khi Quyet dinh tren cua OAS dupc cdng bd', phia Cuba cung da cd nhdng y kien p h i n hdi cho thi'y quan diem nhat quan cua qudc d i e nay dd'i vdi OAS, Vdi thdng bio ve viec huy bd Nghi quyet khai trd Cuba vda qua, ro r i n g OAS va ngay ca My cung da thi'y sai lim khi quyet dinh loai trd Cuba ra khoi td chdc nay. Ddi vdi Cuba, viec dUdc quay trd lai OAS se giup cho nUdc nay cd the vay dUpc tien td Ngan
64 SO 07-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY
hang P h i t trien Lien My, day dUdc Cdi la mpt CP hpi ldn cho qud'c dao nay, dac biet khi Cuba dang gap khd khan ve kinh te va da't nUdc da bi bao to' t a n p h i nang ne vu:a qua.
Nhung khdng vi vay ma Cuba se n h a n h chdng tai gia nhap OAS, Ngay 8/6, trong mpt thdng cio dang tren b i o Granma, cd quan ngdn luan cua Dang Cdng san Cuba, Chinh phu Cuba da chinh thdc tuyen bd' se khdng tai gia n h a p Td chdc cac nUdc chau My (OAS), Day dupc coi la phan dng chinh thdc dau tien td phia qud'c d i e n i y ke td sau khi OAS bai bd Nghi quyet 1962 ngay 3/6, Trong tuyen bd', Cuba hoan nghenh chinh phu cic nUdc vdi tinh t h i n doan ket, dpc lap va thiic thi cdng ly da bao ve quyen dUdc quay trd lai OAS cua La Habana, Ben canh dd, Cuba cung chi trich OAS v i cho r i n g , td 'chdc nay da chinh thdc h o i cupc bao vay cam van cua My chd'ng Cuba v i o ndm 1962 cung nhU ep cac nUdc t h i n h vien edt ddt quan he ngoai giao vdi Cuba, Theo Cuba, Nghi quyet 1962 la quyet dinh b i t hdp p h i p , di ngUpc lai tdn chi v i nguyen tdc cua Hien chUdng OAS (Hien chUdng cua OAS la: "Ddin ket lien My", "Phu thupc lan n h a u giuta cac nUdc chau My", "Chau My ciia ngUdi chau My"), ddng thdi cung khdng dai dien cho n h d n g gia tri va md'i quan tam ve dan chu cua n h a n dan cic nUdc My Latinh va Caribbean, Cuba cho r i n g . My Latinh v i Caribbean hien da k h i c so
vdi ndm 1962 va quyet dinh mdi d i y cua OAS la t h i n h qua cua cic chinh phu thiic sii quan t a m tdi ngUdi dan, tdi nhiing van de ciia khu viic nay.
Tuy nhien, Cuba hieu rd, chinh quyen mdi cua Tdng thd'ng Barack Obama, mac du da cd n h d n g budc di md rpng hdn quan he ngoai giao vdi Cuba, song van cho r i n g , khdng nen de nUdc nay quay lai OAS cho den khi Cuba "Cd n h d n g tien bp trong cai cich dan chu", Ngoai trUdng Hillary Clinton cho biet: "Cuba khdng the ddn gian n h a n chd cua minh", Rd rang, mpt khi OAS v i n la mdt td chdc do My kiem soat v i chi phd'i (hien nay. My ddng gdp hdn 70% ngan sach OAS, do dd My cd mdt so' dac quyen nha't dinh trong td chdc nay), nhU ldi cUu Chu tich Cuba Fidel Castro la "cdng cu trong chinh sach cua My" thi viec khdng quay lai OAS dUdc coi la quyet dinh dung dan cua Cuba •
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1. Thong tan xa cac so: 146, 151, 153.
2. http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioi/2009/06/
851289/;http://www.tbanhnien.com.vn/news /Pages/200924/20090610000126.aspx;
http://www.dangcongsan.vn/cpv/Modules/N ews/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30106&cn_id=
343847;http://www. voanews.com/vietnames e/2009-06-02-voa36.cfm;
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95_
ch%El%BB%A9c_c%C3%Alc_Qu%El%BB
%91c_gia_Ch%C3%A2u_M%El%BB%B9.
Le Lan Anh Tdng hap Vien Nghien ciiu chau My
