Hl/dNG
DAN Q U A N LY,S<i DUNG
Quy trmh thiet ke website ho trof
DAY HOC 6 T R U 6 N G PHO THONG
T S . T r a n Huy Hoang - Trudng Dai hoc Supham - Dai hgc Hue I T h S . Le V a n Long - Trudng THPT Le Lgi - Quang Tri
C
iing vdi sff phat trien CNTT, Website dtfdc GV va HS sff dung de tiep can vdi kho tang kien thtfc phong phli eua nhan loai. Trong qua trinh giang day va hgc tap, GV va HS da sff dung tai heu tff cac Website nham lam phong phli tiiem kien tiiffc da dffde bien soan ttong saeh giao khoa.Viee sff dung Website eung lam phong phii them bai hoc, gan lien kien thffc dtfdc hoc trong nha trtfdng vdi kho tang tri thtfc cd ttong nhan loai, nang eao chat Itfdng hge tap, gay htfng thii eho HS ttong qua trinh DH, tao nen dpng cd thich tim toi khilm pha cho HS trong qua ttinh hgc tap. Viec sff dung Website tao dieu kien eho HS trong qua trinh tie'p nhan kien thtfc mgt each cd dinh htfdng va la dpng liic de ngtfdi thay khong ngffng ddi mdi PPDH va npi dung kie'n tiiffc truyen thu cho HS.
De thiet ke dffde Website DH, ngoai kha nang ve trinh dp tin hpe cd ban de tao mpt ttang Web hien dai va phii hdp vdi ddi tffdng truy cap, ngtfdi thiet ke can cd kien thffc, trinh dp ll luan sff pham nhat dinh ve linh vffe ma \^'ebsite de cap de
cd dffde ndi dung phu hdp vdi chffdng trinh mang tinh sff pham eao. Can cff vao cac nguyen tac day hge, viec thiet ke' Website hd ttd DH tuan theo tuan tff eae bffdc sau:
Xac dinh muc tieu
Xa\' dima cau tnic
I
Thu thap diJ Heu
E_L
Xay dung thu vien du lieu Website
Thiet ki Website
Sua chiia va cap nhat thong tin
Qu}' trinh thie't ke Website day hoc /. Xdc dinh muc tieu cda Website DH
Muc tieu eiia Website DH la nhffng gi ma GV va HS dat dffde sau boat dpng day va boat dpng hgc vdi sff hd trd
ciia Website. Khi thiet ke' Website, bffdc dau tien ttong cdng doan thiet ke la xac dinh mue tieu eua nd. Dd'i vdi mgt Website DH, muc tieu ma ngffdi thiet ke' can hffdng tdi la muc tieu day va hgc, muc tieu ve ndi dung kie'n thffc can cd va ky thuat thiet ke dffde ttinh bay ttong Website.
Tren cd sd xay dffng tien trinh DH, thu thap va xff Iy thdng tin, xac dinh npi dung kien thffc can trinh bay tren Website, Iffa chpn PPDH phii hdp vdi Website, xac dinh cdng nghe va eae tinh nang tffdng tac can thiet de dap ffng dffde muc tieu de ra. Ngffdi thie't ke can phai nam vffng chffdng trinh, nghien effu saeh giao khoa, ket hdp vdi cac tai Ueu tham khao khac de dffa ra ndi dung kien thffc nao can dat dffde trong qua trinh DH.
2. Xdy dung cdu true cua Website
Ca'u true Website la toan bg eau true lien ke't giffa cac trang web. Ca'u true Website rd rang se tao dieu kien thuan ldi nha't eho viec thiet ke.
Xay dffng ca'u true eiia Website eung la mdt bffdc quan trgng trffdc khi bM tay
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Sd 67 thang 3 narn^Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, SLT DUNG
vao thie't ke. Tiiy thudc vao ngi dung, tuy thugc vao muc dieh sff dung va y tffdng ciia tac gia ma mdi Website cd ca'u true khac nhau.
3. Thu thdp dd lieu cho Website
Dffa vao viec phan tich ngi dung DH chung ta can xem
kho chffa ta't ca cac thdng tin dffde Iffu trff dffdi dang van ban nhff: giao an, bai tap trac nghiem, tff dien vat ly, cd sd vat ly, tieu sii cac nha bac hgc, thff gian... Cac dff lieu nay dffde xay dffng tff cac tai lieu nhff sach giao khoa, sach GV, sach bai tap va cac tai lieu tham khao lien quan.
ve mat sff pham cung nhff ky thuat. Tuy nhien, khi thiet ke' tren trang Web ve cd ban la thffa hffdng ve mat ky thuat giffa nhdm cac npi dung cd yeu eau tffdng dffdng nhau.
Khi tiiiet ke' Website dieu quan trpng la Iffa chgn phan mem sao cho phu hdp vdi kha nang hieu biet cua ban than
Vi du ve Website day hgc xet ffng vdi mdi ndi dung can
nhffng loai tai lieu nao, sau dd xay dffng va tim ngudn de khai thae. Chung ta cd the xay dffng cae dff lieu mdi bang cac phan m e m van ban, phan mem xuf ly hinh anh, bang may quet, may quay video...
Cd the khai thae tff nhieu ngudn tff lieu khac nhau nhff:
ngudn tff lieu tff Internet, phan mem DH, phan mem ehuyen dung, tff dia CD dff lieu...
Ngudn thdng tin de siiu tam dff lieu la rat phong phu. Tuy nhien, de phii hdp vdi muc tieu va ndi dung chffdng trinh ma Website de ra, ngffdi sff dung can xff li thdng tin cho phu hdp vdi yeu cau bang cac phan mem hd trd tffdng thich.
Sau khi xay dffng va xff ly ngudn thdng tin tren, ngffdi thiet ke can phai xay dffng cd sd dff lieu van ban. D a y la
4. Xdy dung thUvien dd lieu Website
Khi da xay dffng va thu thap day du dffde cac thdng tin can dung cho viee thiet ke Website, chung ta can phai sap xep lai thanh he thdng, day chinh la thff vien dff lieu hay ndi each khac la cay thff muc cac dff lieu mpi each hdp ly de thuan tien cho viec thiet ke, cap nhat dff heu va lien ket cac trang Web trong Website.
5. Thie't ke Website DH Website DH la mot phffdng tien DH hien dai bao gdm nhieu ttang Web chffa dffng nhffng ndi dung thdng tin khac nhau hd ttd eho cac giai doan ttong qua trinh DH. Mdi trang Web cd dac thu va chffc nang rieng, tuy theo ndi dung cua tffng ttang ma chung ta thiet ke sao cho phu hdp vdi yeu cau cua ttang dd ve ndi dung,
eung nhff yeu cau eua Wesite can thiet ke. Dieu ehung ta can Iffu y la chgn phan mem cd tinh nang ky thuat cao dap ffng mgi yeu cau ve tinh nang tffdng thich tren trinh duyet Web, cung nhff nang cap sau nay.
6. Sda chua vd cap nhdt thdng tin.
De npi dung cua Website DH ludn dap ffng dffde yeu eau ngay cang cao cua ngffdi truy cap, phu hdp vdi npi dung chffdng trinh thi chung ta phai tiiffdng xuyen cap nhat thdng tin, nang cap Website eho phu hdp vdi yeu cau. Trong khi xay dffng Website khdng ttanh khdi nhiing sai sdt ve mat ky thuat eung nhff ngi dung nen van de sffa chffa va cap nhat thdng tin thffdng xuyen la rat can thiet. Ben canh dd dien dan tiidng tin ludn mang den nhtihg
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mmitsom^€M
So 67 thang 3 nam 201121
Hl/dNG DAN QUAN LY, S(i DUNG
Cd dinh vet bdi nham 3 muc dich: giet che't vi khuan, gan chat vi khuan vao phien kinh va lam vet bdi bat mau td't hdn vi cac te bao chet bat mau tdt hdn cae te bao sdng.
Sau khi ed dinh, neu mat dp te bao vffa phai vet bdi cd mau ttang nhat. Neu vet bdi ttang qua ed nghia la mat dp te bao day dac, can phai lam lai.
Thd ba, nhupm mau.
Cach lam:
- Dat phie'n kinh cd vet bdi len eau rffa gac tten chau thii tinh.
- Nhd vai gipt thudc nhupm fuchsin hoac xanh methylene ngap vet bdi, giff khoang 1 phiit, rffa nffdc den khi khdng cdn mau trdi ra.
- Tham nhe bang khan gia'y rdi hong khd tren nggn
Iffa den cdn. Neu nhupm va rffa td't thi trtfdng sach va sang, chi cd te bao vi khuan dtfdc nhupm mau.
- Soi d vat kinh dau lOOx.
4. Ke't luan
- Mud'n quan sat VSV tren kinh hien vi cd the lam tieu ban tam thdi te bao cdn sd'ng hoac tieu ban da dtfdc cd' dinh (te bao chet).
- Cae tieu ban tam thdi nhtf tieu ban "gigt e p " dtfdc sff dung de xac dinh hinh dang, sff sSp xep cac te bao ciing nhff kha nang di dgng, tieu ban "ep lam" chi dUng de nghien effu sff sap xep ciia te bao mdt each tff nhien trong khuan lac, nhff hinh dang chudi bao tff va each sap xe'p cudng bao tff d xa khuan hay nam mdc.
- Cac tieu ban cd' dinh rat thuan tien vi giff dffde lau, dffde sff dung de phat hien cac dac diem hinh thai, ca'u ttiie va dem so' Iffdng VSV.
- Khi sff dung ngpn Iffa den cdn (hay den ga) phai dieu ehinh sao eho khdng cd khdi.
Chd ndng nha't cua ngpn Iffa den cdn la phan nggn Iffa xanh.
- Ngoai phffdng phap cd dinh tieu ban nhff tten edn ed the cd dinh tieu ban bang hda chat: ngam tieu ban ttong acetone 5 phiit, ttong dung dich 40% formaline vai giay v.v...
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Vu Thi Minh Dtfc (2001), Thi(c lap vi .iinh vdt hoc, NXB Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi.
[2] Lansing M. Prescott, John P. Harley, Donal A. Klein (2005), Microhiolofiy. Mc Graw Hill.
Quy trinh thiet k e Website... (TH'P theo trang 21)
kien thffc mdi nen viec cap nhat la khdng the thie'u ttong quy trinh xay dffng Website.
* * *
Viec nghien effU, tim hieu ky tiiuat xay dtfng Website hd ttd DH, ngtfdi thiet ke can htfdng tdi nhffng muc tieu can dat dtfdc ttong Website ve mat stf pham, ve ki thuat, my thuat va ndi dung kien thffc. Liii chgn phan mem xay duhg Website hien dai dap uhg dffde yeu eau muc tieu thiet ke dat ra, dap uhg dffde yeu cau cua ngffdi su' dung.
Kha nang uhg dung Website DH ttong trffdng phd tiidng cd
tinh kha thi cao, nd cd kha nang gdp phan hd ttd tich cffe cho qua trinh day hgc. Vdi trinh do tin hgc THPT hien nay viec tiep can thffdng xuyen vdi may vi tinh se giup HS tiep can nhanh vdi Website. SiJf dung Website DH se tao ra mdi trffdng hgc tap mdi, gdp phan nang cao chat Iffdng hgc tap cua HS tren nhieu mat: kich thich ddng cd bffng thu hgc tap, tao sff chu y, tang effdng ghi nhd, md rdng, dao sau kien tiiffc, phat ttien ttf duy, bdi dtfdng cac phtfdng phap nhan tiiffc, tang effdng kha nang tff hgc, tff tim tdi...
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ban chap hanh TW Dang, Bdo cdo ciia Ban chdp lidnh Trunj"
Uimg Ddng Ichda IX ve phu<mg hUi'mg, nhiem vu phdt trien liinh te - xd hoi 5 nam 2006-2010. Ha Npi.
2. Bg chinh tri (2006), Van kien Dai hoi dai hieu loan qudc id thil X, NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Npi.
3. Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2007), Chi thi sd9H54/BGDDT-CNTTve viec hUt'mg clan thUc hien nhiem vu nam hoc 2007 - 200H ve CNTT, Ha Npi.
4. Quoc hgi nu'dc Cpng hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat Gido due. NXB Chinh tri. Ha Npi.
5. Le Cong Triem (2005), Sii dung MVT trong DH vdt ly. NXB Giao due. Ha Ngi.
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So 67 thang 3 nam 2011^m
