T cua cac hpc tac tap tai

s6io-aoi4 Dgt/yjjHpc

"^Cong tac thifc tap sir pham tai triTorng THPT cua sinh vien cac trufcmg dai hpc

NCS. ThS. TRAN H 0 U T H A N - ThS. Ll/CfNG THJ LAN HUg TrUdng Dgi hpe Quing Binh

T

hye t i p su phgm (TTSP) la mdt hogt ddng dae biet quan trpng khdng chl ddi vdl sinh viSn sU phgm ma d n d l i vdl chlnh b i n t h i n c i c trudng cd dao tgo nginh sU phgm. Thdng qua TTSP, nha trUdng cd dupe nhQng d i n h gla tUdng ddi khach quan ve s i n p h l m d i o tgo cQa minh; nhd dd cd cd sd ning cao chat IUpng dao tgo, d i p Qng t i t c i c yeu e i u eQa xa hdi vdi nginh giio dye. D l i vdl sinh viSn sU pham, TTSP l i cd hdi dem nhQng kiln thQe tfch luy dUpc trong qua trinh d i o tgo d trUdng v i n dyng v i o cdng t i e giing dgy va giio dye. Cung thdng qua TTSP, sinh viSn dupe tiep tye hoin thiSn trinh dp, n i n g lyc eung nhU nhin each eQa ngUdi giio v i i n , gdp p h i n giao dye Idng y i u nghe, nang eao p h l m chat dgo dQe nghi nghigp. Nhim nang eao ehit IUpng thyc tgp sU pham cho sinh v i i n trudng Dgi hpe tgi c i c trudng trung hpe pho thdng (THPT), trong b i i v i l t nay, t i c g i i k h i i quat npi dung TTSP, chi ra eae thuan lpi, khd khin, k i t qua dgt dupc va hgn c h l dang tdn tgi trong edng t i c TTSP tU dd d l x u i t mpt s l kien nghi.

I. KHAI QUAT Ki HOIRLCH, NQI DUNG THI/C TAP SU

PHAM CGA S I N H V I E N T $ I CAC TRl/dNG THPT

K l hogeh TTSP d eic trUdng Dgi hpe ed d i o tgo h i sU phgm thudng dUpc bat d i u tQ thing 2 d i n d i u thing 4, thdi gian keo d i l 8 tuan cho he dgi hpc. Ndi dung thyc tap sU phgm bao g l m tim hleu thyc t l vlSc dgy hpc d cd sd thyc t i p , thye t i p giang dgy, thye t i p edng t i e ehu nhiem Idp v i thye t i p nghiSn cUu khoa hpc giao dye.

II. THI/C TRANG CONG TAC THI/C TAP SlT PHAM CUA GIAO SINH

1. Nhirng thu^n ldi trong cdng tac th^c tgp s i l p h g m - Ban giam hiSu n h i trudng cung nhU Ban ehl dgo thyc tap dac biet quan tam va xem d i y l i edng vigc quan trpng trong cdng tac dao tgo giio viSn, & mpt sd trudng dgi hpc, trudc dpt thyc t i p . Ban chl dao thyc t i p cQ e i n bp Phdng dao tgo phy trich thyc tap xudng cP sd thyc t i p x i e dinh cy the sd sinh vien cd sd thyc tap cd kha ning t i l p nhgn, thing nhit kinh phi thye tgp vdl cd sd tiep nhan nen khi cd Ijch thye tap, e i giing vien phy trach thyc t i p l i n sinh vien d i u ehu ddng trong edng viec.

- Ban ehl dgo thye t i p d ep s6 (cic trUdng trung hpc pho

thdng) quan tam, chl dgo s i u s i t d n g t i c thuc t|ip su pham cQa giao sinh, tgo mpi dieu ki#n thugn ldi tQ chd d den vlic sit dung cd sd vgt c h i t cua n h i trudng eho edng t i c thuc t$p eiia giao sinh. Dpi ngu giao vien dupe ehpn hudng dan TTSP d d c trudng THPT cd sinh v i l n den thyc tgp phin Idn l i nhQng giio vlSn cd kinh nghidm trong gilng dgy, giao dye hpe sinh v i ed kinh nghiem hUdng d i n TTSP.

- Cd sd vat ehit eac trUdng THPT, ndi sinh viSn din thye tap dUde trang bj k h i t i t . fvldt sd trudng ed cd sd vit ehat tdt cdn yeu d u giao sinh t i l n h i n h giing dgy bing g i i o i n dl^n tir.

- Da s l sinh vien d i u nghiSm chlnh chap hinh tot nijl quy, quy c h l thye t i p , thyc hign tot e i e npi dung thyc tip, tuan thQ theo sy hUdng dan cua ban ehl dgo, giio vlSn hudng d i n v i trUdng d o i n .

Cac khd k h i n trong cdng t i c thi^c tap sU phgm 2. Kho khan tii phfa triidng Dgi hpc - C i c trudng deu t h i n h l i p ban ehl dgo thyc tap v i giing viSn phy trich thyc t i p . Tuy nhien, md'i giang vlSn phy trach thyc t i p chf den ed sd thye t i p nhilu nhat 3 lin trong suot 8 t u i n TTSP eua sinh viSn. Ca bi$t ed mpt sfi trudng ehl d i n cd sd thye t i p 1 lan v i o n g i y d i u tiin dUa sinh vien v l ed sd thyc tap. Vi v i y sy ket n l i giOa trUdng dgi hpc va cd sd thyc t i p thieu c h i t ehe, thdng tin v l cdng t i e thue t i p cua smh vien khdng dupe cgp nhit thUdng xuySn.

- Kinh phf d i n h cho cd sd t i l p n h i n g i i o sinh thye tap su phgm eQa trudng dgi hpe edn t h i p . D i e bi#t l i cic trudng dgi hpc dja phUdng.

3. Khd khan tir phia c i c trUdng p h ^ thdng trung hpc cd sinh v i i n den th^c tgp

- C h l dd chi t r i cho edng t i c chf dgo, hUdng dSn TTSP h i i n nay cdn thip, dieu n i y p h i n nao gSy t i m ly khdng t h o i dang eho phfa ngudi tham gla. C i e cd sd thyc tip vl t h i khdng man m i vdi edng t i c thye t i p sU phgm cCia sinh vlSn.

- Cd sd v i t chat d e i e trUdng THPT d sinh viin vi thye tgp m i e du d i dupe d i u tu nhung nhln chung v i n cdn hgn c h l . Mdt s l trUdng chl cd dUpc 01 d i n 02 m i y chilu projector n i n vlSc i p dyng edng nghS thdng tin, giing bdi b i n g g i i o i n di#n tQ v i n cdn han c h l .

DglfvaHpC SOV

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- Dinh g i i k i t q u i cua eo sd thye tap ddi vdi smh viSn thye t i p eung chua dupc khich quan. T i m ly giio viSn hudng d i n thye tgp v i n cho d i l m eao so vdi nang lye thye t l eiia giio sinh.

4. Khd k h i n tir sinh vien thi^c tgp

- Trong hogt ddng t i p dupt giing dgy, sinh vien ohua cd nhilu cd hpi ddi m^it vdi e i c tlnh hulng sU phgm va r i n luyin nghidp vy. D i l u nay cung d§ hilu vi trong sudt q u i trinh hpe t i p d trudng dgi hpc, nhilu nhlt mdi sinh viSn eQng ehl dupc mpt d i n hai l i n trye t i l p dQng Idp t i p giang dgy. M i t khic, trong c i c t i l t rSn luyin nghiep vy su pham v i hpc phin phuong phip giing dgy, smh viSn chi giang dgy v i xQ I;;* eic tlnh hulng vdi hpe sinh g i i dinh, "hpc sinh" l i c i c bgn cua minh trong Idp n i n h i u h i t e i e eau hdi cua "giio v i i n t i p giing" dua ra d i u dupc "hpc sinh" tra ldi dung. Tuy nhiin trSn thye t l Igi khic, giio sinh p h i i gpi

•^ eho hpc sinh t r i Idi, p h i i chia nhd e i u hdi d l giai quyet nhQng v i n d l dupc d i t ra, vl t h i nhOng t i l t day d i u t i i n thudng bj "chiy giio i n " (qui gid quy djnh m i ehua h i t bai dgy) nSn giio sinh td ra r i t IQng tQng, ddi khi budc c i t ngin bai giing,

- Khd khin thQ hai la thilu thilt b|, phUPng t i i n dgy hpc hiin dgi, phdng thi nghiSm, phdng thye hinh d trudng p h i thdng ngogi trQ nhOng trudng ehuin, trUdng ldn d trung tim thj xa, thj t r i n nSn giao sinh thUdng khdng v i n dyng h i t kiln thQc ChuySn nginh thdng qua nhOng phUPng tien trSn. G i i o sinh m u l n dgy bing giio i n dISn tQ, muln hudng d i n hpc sinh truy e i p Internet d l khai thic thing tin, t i i liiu l i i n quan d i n mdn hpe nhUng ddi khi edn khd thye hi#n. Tuy v i y , giio sinh cQng bdc Ip nhUpe dilm eQa minh trong q u i trlnh sir dyng c i c thiit bj thi nghigm - thye hinh hi^n d d c i e trudng p h i thdng do thilu ky ning.

- Ngoii ra cdn cd nhQng khd khin khic nhu thilu thdi gian chuin bj eho b i i dgy vl p h i i d i n h q u i nhilu thdi gian cho c i e hogt dpng ngoii gid l i n Idp, khdng xQ ly dupc c i c tlnh hulng sU phgm. Mpt khd khin tuy khdng cd b i n nhung lgi i n h hUdng x l u d i n uy tfn v i t i m ly cQa eic em, dd l i ChQ v i l t x i u , trinh b i y bing x l u . Cie giio sinh chUa dQ ty tin, edn e d l trong dpt thye t i p , chua h o i t h i n hoin toan thinh mpt giio vlSn thuc sy. VlSe giao tiep vdi hpe smh edn k i m , d$e biit d l i vdi hpc sinh c i bigt.

5. K i t q u i dgt du^c trong cdng t i c th^c tgp sUphgm cQa sinh v i i n

Theo sd liiu t i n g hpp cua c i c cd sd thye tap v i c i e trudng dgi hpe cd d i o tgo nginh sU phgm, phin Idn cac giio smh d i u dgt k i t qua tdt trong TTSP. Qua khio s i t mpt sd trudng dgi hpc d m i l n Trung nhu Trudng dgi hpc Vinh, Trudng dgi hpc H i Tlnh, Trudng Dgi hpc Quing Binh, Trudng dgi hpc su phgm - Dgi hpe H u l , TrUdng dgi hpc sU phgm • Dgi hpc D i Ning, TrUdng dgi hpc Quang Nam, Trudng dgi hpc Quy Nhdn v l k i t q u i TTSP nim hpc 2012-2013. eho thiy 76% sinh vien dgt logi gidi, 18 % dgt logi k h i , 5,8% logi trung binh, 0.2% logi y l u . Trong do trudng dgi hpc Quing Binh n i m hpc 2012- 2013 k i t qua thyc t i p cCia giio sinh tgt d c trudng THPT d i u dgt logi gidi (100%). Tuy nhlSn, d t h i thi'y ring mic dO k i t q u i dgt dupe r i t cao nhUng chua t h i hi$n dQng c h i t lUpng thyc t l thyc t i p su phgm cua giio smh do p h i n Idn c i e giio v i i n hudng d i n thye t i p d e i e cO sd d i u ed t i m ly

cho diem cao de sinh vien ra trUdng d l xin viSe.

III. M 6 T S ^ K I ^ N NGHI NANG CAO CHAT Ll/(fNG THI/C TAP s a PHAM CHO SINH VIEN d TRlTdNG DAI HQC

1. Ve phia tn/dng dgi hpc

- N h i trudng e i n x i e djnh minh l i mdt trUdng dgy nghe - dgy nghi d i e biet vdi myc tiSu d i o tgo giio viSn cho c i e trudng THPT cd ciiuyen mdn gidl, cd tay nghi vQng, cd ldng ySu nghe. ed pham chat dgo dQc tdt. Vi vgy phUdng ehim dao tgo phai hudng d i n myc t i i u ndi trSn. Trong qua trinh d i o tgo, d n ehu y phdi hpp tdt giQa khoa hpe cd ban va khoa hpc sU phgm. Giang vien nha trUdng d n ed sy lien he va gan bd hdn vdi e i e trUdng THPT de hieu them thye te, phye vu thiet thye eho viie giing dgy v i boi dUdng sinh viin.

+ V l hinh thQc, van giQ nguySn hinh thQc TTSP t i p trung vdl sy ed mat cua giing vlSn phy traeh thyc t i p nhung can x i e djnh ey the hon nhiem vy, quyln hgn, quyln lpi de cho giang vien lam tot vai trd "dgi sQ"cua minh trong sudt thdi gian TTSP 6 eae trUdng THPT. Can ed quy dinh cu t h i giang vien phy trach thyc t i p p h i i d i n cd sd thyc tap bao nhiSu lan d l cQng dy gid va danh gia k i t q u i thyc tap cua giao sinh. NSn cif giing vien phu trich thye t i p l i giing vien giang dgy bd mdn phUOng phip giing dgy v i phal cung chuySn nganh. TrUdng hpp thieu cd the chpn giing viSn eie to ehuyen nganh khie nhUng phii l i nhQng giang viin cd kmh nghiem, Dae biSt tranh cif giing vlSn chua CO kinh nghidm trong chuySn mdn v i nghipp vy.

+ Cac Khoa, To bp mdn cd d i o tgo sinh viin sU phgm d n thyc hign tot ehuong trinh r i n luypn nghigp vy thUdng xuyen. Can cy t h i hda ndi dung r i n luyin tQng kl, tQng nim. C i n nhin thQc v i lim dQng tinh thin r i n luy§n nghidp vy thudng xuyen la phii thudng xuyin r i n luyin. C i n lim eho sinh VlSn ed i'thUety r i n luySntoandl^n. T i n g s i t l i t ren luySn nghiep vy sU phgm nhim glQp cho sinh vtSn cd du dieu kien ren luyen ky ning vilt bang, luygn t i p gipng ndi v i xii ly cac tlnh huong sU phgm.

+ Thyc hiSn tdt ehUPng trinh tap giing trUdc khi di thyc tip. Cie t l bd men, giing v i i n giang dgy mdn phUdng phap day hpc phai n i m chUdng trinh v i thyc t l dgy hpc d eae trUdng THPT d l "ed van" cho sinh vien that tdt tQ khau sogn b i i den qui trinh giang dgy t r i n Idp. C i n d i t ySu d u eao trong phan tap giang va nen khuyen khfch smh vien t i p giang thSm ngoii gid d nhdm/to cing nhilu c i n g tot, -t- Cac khoa tang cudng x i y dyng eie giio i n chuin, dge biet giao an dien tQ phu hpp vdi npi dung b i i giang m i giao sinh cd k h i nang se thyc hien trong ky thyc l i p de d e giio sinh tham khao, dgy thQ eho nhuin nhuyin,

+ To hoae Khoa t i m ly giio dye cua e i e trudng dgi hpc can x i y dyng he thdng ky n i n g hogt dpng giio dye cd b i n va qui trinh ren luyen he thing ky ning dd cho smh viSn trong qua trinh day hpc mdn hpc. ChQ trpng ren luy§n cho sinh VlSn he thong ky nang cdng t i e chu nhiim Idp; k9 ning thiet ke v i to ehUc eie hogt dpng giio dye ngoii gid len Idp; ky ning giai quyet cic tlnh hulng giio dye; k9 ning thilt l i p eac mdi quan he giao tiip Qng xQ vdi giio vien p h i thdng, vdi eha mg hpe sinh; ky ning giio dye hpe smh c i biit, k^ ning kilm tra v i d i n h g i i kit q u i hogt

28iKLlML.

^{^^'•} B ' ^ i 5010-2014 Dgi/yfljH(X ddng giao dye v.v.

+ Danh gia ket qua, xep logi thue t i p eua giao sinh khdng nen giao khoan trang eho cd sd thye tgp m i giang vien phy t r i c h thye t i p can nam trong hpi ddng danh gla, x i p loai k i t qua TTSP d cd sd thyc t i p nham tranh tinh trang eac g i i o viSn hUdng d i n thyc t i p d c i e ed sd eho d i l m thuc tilp eua g i i o sinh qua eao so vdi ehit lupng thyc te.

+ Phdng K l hogeh - Tai ehfnh d n nghiSn cQu, trinh l i n h dgo trudng t i n g kinh phi eho ed sd tiep n h i n giao smh thyc t i p su pham vl cac ed sd thyc tap deu eho rang kinh phf d i n h cho cdng tac thUe t i p sU phgm nhU hien nay l i q u i thap. ehua thda dang vdi ngUdl tham gia.

2. Ve phfa cac trUdng THPT cd sinh vien den thi/c - VI la od quan "chu nha" nSn hieu thyc tien giao dye cua tQng dja phUdng. tQng trUdng hdn al hit. Do dd, d n cd su tham mUu tdt cho trudng d i o tgo sinh viSn sU phgm.

Ddi ben c i n neu cao tinh than cdng dong trach nhiSm d l hoin thinh nhiSm vy chung.

- C i e trudng THPT can thyc hien theo dQng qui che thye tap. Ban chf dgo thye tap d e i e trudng THTP can chpn giao v i i n hudng d i n dQng tiSu ehuan, cd trinh dp ehuyin mdn va nghlSp vu, pham chat dgo dQc, tucach, l l i s i n g tdt va cd tinh cam nghi nghiSp.

- Trong qua trinh thyc tap, ban ehl dgo d n phdi hpp vdi giing vien phy trach thye tap, giio v i i n hUdng d i n thyc t i p eung vdl to trudng ehuyen mdn to chQc dl dy gid eua giao sinh d l thong nhat cd sd danh gla.

- D i n h g i i , xep loai k i t q u i thyc tap cua sinh viSn c i n b i o d i m tfnh chfnh xae. khich quan, edng b i n g . VI v i y can ed sy tham djnh cCia mdt hdi ddng gdm eae thinh ViSn l i giio viSn hUdng d i n . to trUdng chuyen mdn, giang v i l n phy trich thyc t i p (giang vien d trudng dai hoe), dai d i i n ban chl dao thyc t i p ban chi dao thyc tap ctia trudng THPT, dai d i i n ban chi dao thyc t i p cua trudng dgi hpe, N l u khdng bao dam 100% thi It nhlt cung phai bao dam 70% tong sd thanh vien ndi tren. Sd t h i n h viSn trSn phai dy It nhat 50% tong s l gid cua giao sinh giing dgy theo qui dinh.

- Ddi vdi giao vien hudng dan TTSP d eic trudng THPT.

c i n nhiet tlnh. trach nhiem. t i n tuy, quan tam, chia se, thdng cam, tgo d i l u kien tdi da cho giao sinh tiep xOe, va chgm v i xQ 1^' eic tinh huong thyc t l giao dye va chia se kinh nghiSm thye tiSn vdl giao sinh. Gdp ^ ehan thanh eho cac hgn c h l , thieu sdt cua giao sinh. Danh gla khich quan, cdng bang k i t qua thye t i p giio dye cua giio sinh.

- Sau khi k i t thUc dpt thUe t i p nen t l ehQc mpt hdi nghi t i n g k i t that trang trpng ed sU tham gla day du cua tat c i cac thanh phan nhU dai dien ban ehl dgo thyc t i p cua trUdng dgi hpc, ban chl dgo thye tgp cua trudng THPT, giing vien phy trach thyc tap, giao vien hudng d i n thye t i p eQng g i i o sinh thyc tap de cung nhau danh gia, due rUt kmh nghiem mdt each cdi md ma nghiem tUc n h i m ehl ra ey the nhQng mat dupc v i ehua dupc, nhQng uu diem, nhupc diem v i thieu sdt; cdng bd k i t qua xep logi, khen thudng nhQng giao sinh dgt t h i n h tieh eao trong ddt thyc tap; to chQe bao cao cae e i n h i n d i l n hlnh...Khdng n i n xem nhg h o i e quan niem d i y l i

viee lam trang tri mang tfnh hinh thUe ma dd l i edng viec cd y nghTa khoa hpc thyc sy.

3. Doi vdi giao sinh thi/c tap sU phgm + y thQe dQng dan tam quan trpng eiia edng t i c thyc t i p SU pham d trudng phd thdng de tfeh cUe trang bj tri thde, ren luyen e i c ky n i n g hoat ddng giao dye trong qua trinh hpc tap.

+ Can trang bi k i l n thQc chuySn mdn vQng chac 6i thye sy ty tin trong qua trinh giang dgy.

+ Cd phUdng phap g i i n g day thfeh hdp dot vdi tQng ddi tupng hpe sinh. V i n dung het c i e phUdng phip da dupe hpe mpt cieh hdp \^, nang ddng, sang tgo trong tUng t i l t dgy.

+ Can ttm dpc nhQng t i i liSu cd liSn quan den cdng tic chQ nhlSm Idp v i lap ra ke hogeh cdng t i e ehQ nhiim tdp rd ring, c i n dy doan mdt sd tinh hudng sU phgm cd the xay ra. Dong thdi phai cd so nhat k^y' sU phgm v i so cdng tac ehCi nhiem de ghi c h i p lai hoat ddng thyc tap va chO nhiSm ciia minh.

+ Chuan bj mdt so bai hat, trd chdi, dd dQng trong tQng t i l t day eung nhU c i n ehuan bj cho minh mdt quyen so kT n i n g v l edng tac Doan - Hdi d trudng p h i thdng.

+ D i e biet giao sinh phal cd t h i l dd khiem tdn v i ciu t i l n trong qua trinh thye t i p nghe, ludn hpc hdi, ling nghe nhQng gdp y chan tlnh, tieh cyc cua giao vien hUdng din de n g i y c i n g t i l n bp.

+ Gan gui vdl hpc sinh ldp chO nhl^m, kien tri bim Idp, hudng d i n hpc sinh hpe tap v i hd trp trong cdng t i c Doin, tang eUdng ty g i i o dye t i e phong, pham chat nghi giao, eic m l i quan he giao tiep va Qng xQ vdi ddng nghiep.

K i T LUAN

Thyc tap su pham la mdt hogt dpng hQu hleu v i can thilt glQp sinh vien dupc tiep xuc trye t i l p vdl t h i gidi sinli dpng cua hogt dpng nghe nghiSp; nham giup giio smh cung c l , md rdng va nang cao k i l n thQe ehuyin mdn, ky n i n g nghiip vy. kha nang Qng xQ. H i u h i t sinh vien cho rang sau dpt thyc tap sU pham. cac k)/ nang giing dgy.td ehQc tdp v.v deu tang ISn d i n g k l v i nhin cfiung deu c6 thai dp tfch eye ddi vdi nghe dgy hpe. Tuy nhien, smh vler cung ggp khdng ft khd k h i n trong qua trinh thyc tip sU phgm. NhQng khd khan dd ed the xuat phat tQ cae ly do khach quan (tQ phfa trudng dai hpc, tQ phia hpc smh. Id phUdng phap dgy hpe d p h i thdng, tU g i i o viSn hudng dan v.v) hay e i e ly do ehQ quan (nhU g i i o sinh chua dupe trang bi ky cang c i c kiln thQe, k} nang dgy hpe v.v). DQ l i nguyfin nhan nao di ching nQa thi cung anh hUdng den kit qui thyc t i p sU phgm ciia giio sinh. Hy vpng bai v i l t niy se li t i i lieu de nha trUdng, e i c giing viSn, e i c sinh viin tham khao nham nang cao ehit tupng TTSP tgi d c trUdng THPT trong thdi gian tdi.

TAI UEU THAM K H A O ;

1. Quic hpi nudc cdng hoa xa h6i ehd nghTa Vi§t Nam. Li4>

giao due, Nhi xuit bin Chfnh tri Quic gia, H i Npi. 2000 2. Nguyen Dinh Chfnh, Thyc tgp sU phgm, Ha Npi, NXBGD 1991

3. Phgm Trung Thanh, Rin luyen nghiip vgsUphgm titiUHV xuyin. NXBDHSP H i Npi. 2003

4. Vu Dinh Biy (chCi biin), Phuangphap dgy hgc mdn GDCO d tn/dng THPT, NXB Giao dye ViSt Nam, 2010