fphdfi ludi od JUnh li
S O 7 ( 3 1 6 ) - ZOUGljy PIIJU> NAN6 CAO HIEU QUil QUiiN LY NIU NlMC v i DICH VU LOGISTICS A « | T NAM
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• DINH DUY BANG '
Tom tit: Bdi viit tap trung nghien cuu nhimg gidi phdp ca bdn gap phdn thuc Men Co hieu qua ck muc tieu vi ndng cao nang luc canh tranh vdphdt triin dich vu logistics a Viet Nam.
Abstract: The paper focuses on the study of fundamental solutions contributing to the effectiw implementation of goals on improving competition capability and logistics service development m Vietnam.
D
ich vu logistics la hoat dong thuc Men chito luac ciia Chinh phu ve phat triei thuong mai, theo do thuong nhan dich vu logistics la mgt chang duong dai niiSu t6 chiic thuc hien mpt hoac nhieu kho khan va phuc tap. Hoat dgng diu tien phan cong vi?c bao g6m nhan hang, van chuyin, luu anh no luc cua Chinh phu la to chuc thanh cong kho, luu bai, lam thu tuc hai quan, cac thu tuc diln dan logistics Viet Nam nam 2017 voi chi gidy to khac, tu vjn khach hang, dong gdi bao d l "Nang cao nang luc canh tranh va phat trien bi, ghi ky ma hiSu, giao hang hoac cac dich vu dich vu logistics Viet Nam" do BQ Cong Thuong khac CO lien quan din hang hoa theo thoa thuan chu tti dugc to chiic ngay 15/12/2017 tai Hi voi khach hang d l huong thu lao (Dilu 233 Luat Noi. Qua do cho thiy biic tranh toan canh ve Thuong mai nam 2005). dich v\i logistics ciia Viet Nam. Chi phi logistics La quic gia co vi tri dia ly vo cimg thuan lgi o nuac ta con li miic cao, tuong duong 20%cho hoat dgng logistics, tuy nhiSn trong nhieu GDP (trong khi cac nuac phat trien chi tir 9- nam truoc day, Viet Nam thieu chien luge ro 14%) nhung chi dong gop khoang 3% vao GDP.
rang nham phat trien dich vu logistics. Den nam Ty le thue ngoai khoang 35 - 40%, so luong 2017, vai Quyet dinh so 200/QD-TTg ngay doanh nghiep logistics ciia nuac ta cd khoang 14/02/2017 ciia Thu tuctng Chinh phu v l viec 3.000 doanh nghiep hoat dgng trong nganh dick phe duyet ke hoach hanh dgng nang cag nang vu logistics nhung chi chilm thi phan la 25%, lyc canh tranh va phat trien dich vu logistics trong khi do chi vol 30 doanh nghiep nudc ngoii Viet Nam den nam 2025 (Quyet dinh so cung cip dich vu logistics xuyen quoc gia dang 200/QD-TTg) thi nhumg quan diem phat triln, hoat dgng tai Viet Nam nhtmg chilm toi 75% thj muc tieu phat trien va cac nhiem vu chii ylu da phin logistics cua Vi?t Nam'...
dugc dat ra mang tim chiln luge. Nhu vay, d l dat dugc cac muc tieu nhu Chinh Tuy nhien, thuc tien cho thiy d l triln khai phii d l ra la din nam 2025, ty trgng dong gop
I Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t
' Vdn phong Ludt su Truang Thdnh^hdp^ lu4i tfd Xinh il 86 7(316)-2018
cua nganh dich vy logistics vao GDP dat 8%- 10%, tdc dg tang trudng dich vu dat 15%-20%, ty Ip thue ngoai dich vu logistics dat 50%-60%, chi phi logistics giam xudng tuang duong 16%- 20% GDP, xep hang theo chi sd nang lyc qudc gia vk logistics (LPI) tren thi gidi dat thii 50 trd len...2, thi cdng viec dat ra cho cac bg, nganh, dia phuong la kha nang n^. Bk phat t r i ^ dich vu logistics d Viet Nam va hoan thanh cac muc tieu theo Quylt dinh sd 2OO/Q0-TTg cua Thii tudng Chinh phu, cac bg, nganh, dia phuang c5n thyc hipn mgt sd nhiem vu ca ban sau:
Thu nhat, hodn thien phdp lugt kinh doanh dich vii logistics
Cic quy dinh cua ph^p luat vk dich vu logistics cd pham vi rat rpng, lien quan den nhieu nganh, ITnh vyc khac nhau, CJ Viet Nam, chua cd mdt ca quan chu quan chiu trach nhiem hp thong hda, t|ip hgp hda van ban quy pham phap luit ve dich vu logistics, ma moi co quan, mdi nganh khac nhau Iai cd he thong tap hgp rieng, frien khai rieng. Do do, vipc nghidn curu phap luat dich vy logistics mgt each day du va chinh xac cdn gap nhieu khd khan, han che.
Khd khan, vudng mac nua cung bat ngudn tir cac quy djnh cua phap luSt la dich vy logistics rat rpng, trai dai tren nhieu nganh, nghe khdc nhau. Vi vay, cac nha lam luat da khdng the dy lieu hit dugc nen cdn de l^i nhung khoang trdng phap ly nh^t dinh. Ben canh dd, khi ban hanh cac quy dinh ve logistics cac ca quan chii quan, cac nha lam luat da thieu sy khao sat thyc te, thilu sy nghien cuu tiep thu kinh nghiem nudc ngoai va han chl trong td chiic doi thoai, ISy y kiln,... Do dd, cdn cd nhung quy dinh mang tinh hinh thirc, thilu tinh thyc te va cdn cd nhung
khoang trong phap ly nhat dinh can thiet phai dugc hoan thien.
Vi vay, v4n de dat ra la phai khan truang hoan thi§n khimg phap ly cho vipc nang cao sire canh tranh va phat trien dich vu logistics,
Vd hudng hoan thien khung phap ly cho hoat dgng logistics; Phai dam bao hp thong phap lugt ro rang, minh bach va khdng cdn xung dot hay khoang trong phap ly. Do do, giai phap trudc mat Bg Cong Thucmg, Bg Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bp Tu phdp can phdi hgp ra sodt cdc cam ket qudc te ve dich vu logistics tai To chiic Thuang mai The gidi (WTO), Hiep hgi cac quoc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) va cdc hiep dinh thuang mai ty do (FTA),... de kien nghi Chinh phii xem xet sira doi, bd sung va co cdc bipn phdp dam bao tranh xung dot trong cam ket ve logistics tai cdc dien dan qudc te, tranh xung dot giua cam ket qudc tl ve logistics vdi phap luat trong nudc, giai quyet cdc mau thudn cua phdp luat trong nudc vdi nhau va khda lap khodng trdng phdp ly trong dieu chinh kinh doanh dich vy logistics tai Viet Nam. Theo dd, t^p hgp hda, he thdng hda phdp lu|t dilu chinh kinh doanh dich vy logistics nhdm tao dieu kipn cho cdc nha ddu tu tilp cdn nhanh chdng, day du hp thdng phap lugt ve kinh doanh dich vu logistics tai Viet Nam.
Ve lau dai, can xem xet sua ddi, bo sung Luat Thucmg mai nam 2005 theo hudng tach dich vy logistics khdi pham vi dieu chinh cua Lu^t Thuong mai de xdy dung luat rieng - Luat Kinh doanh dich vu logistics, Theo do, ddi tugng va pham vi dilu chinh bao ham tdt ca cac dich vy logistics cd lien quan tu dau tu, kinh doanh cho den cdc nganh nghe cd lien quan nhu giao thdng van tai, kho bai, hai quan,...
(pluip Uidt f)d JUnh li 86 7(316)-2018
Thir hai, gidi phdp ve thu hut nguon luc ddu tu nuac ngodi
D I thu hiit dupe ngudn lyc d^u tu nudc ngoai bao gdm nguon vdn, ngudn nhan lyc chat lupng cao va kinh nghiem hoat dpng logistics cua cdc nha ddu tu nude ngoai thi Viet Nam can phdi cd CO chl, chinh sach that ro rang va minh bach. Co chl, chinh sach nay can tap trung vao dau tu ha tdng ca sd. Bdi le, co sd ha ting la cai quyet dinh kiln Xiixc thugng tdng, bao ddm cho chien luge v l dich vu logistics cua Viet Nam dugc thue hipn thdng lgi, thanh cdng.
Quylt dinh sd 200/QD-TTg thi hien ro quan dilm: "Logistics la mdt nganh dich vu quan trgng trong co cdu tdng the nen kinh te qudc dan, ddng vai yd hd trg, ket ndi va thiic day phat triln kinh t l - xa hpi cua ea nude cung nhu timg dia phuong, gdp phdn nang cao nang lue canh tranh ciia nen kinh te". Ciing vdi quan diem nay la muc tieu: "Tpp trung thu hut dau tu vao phat trien hg tang logistics, xdy dung cae trung tam logistics cdp khu vuc va qudc te, nang cao hipu qud kit ndi giua Viet Nam vdi cac nudc. Dua Viet Nam trd thanh mpt dau mdi logistics ciia khu vuc".
Cu the hon, tai nhiem vu sd 14 trong cae nhipm vu cy the nang cao nang luc canh tranh va phdt trien dich vu logistics Vipt Nam den nam 2025 dugc ban hanh kem theo Quylt dinh sd 200/QD-TTg da quy dinh ro trach nhiem ciia Bd Ke hoach vd Ddu tu, Bg Tai chinh, Phdng Thuang mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam trong viec hoan thipn chinh sach, day manh thu hiit dau tu vao ITnh vuc ha tdng logistics. Trong dd, viee ban hdnh chinh saeh nham thu hut vdn ddu tu trong nudc va nude ngoai, khuyin khich eac
thanh phdn kinh te tham gia dau tu vdo ITnh v\rc dich vy logistics va phdt triln kit ciu ha tSng logistics phdi dugc hoan thipn vao nam 2019.
Cd t h i ndi, ddy la gidi phdp ca ban nham thu hiit dugc ngudn luc tir cac nha dau tu trong nuoc, cdc nha ddu tu nudc ngoai nham phat triln dich vu logistics cua Vidt Nam. Tuy nhien, d l thu hiit hut dugc ddu tu vao ha t^ng logistics Viet Nam, ngoai chinh sdch uu dai thu hiit ddu tu thi viec quy hoach ha tdng cy thi de qudng bd, mdi chdo cac nhd dau tu tham gia ddu thdu cdng khai, minh bgch Id mdt giai phap hiiu hieu d l thyc hipn hieu qua chien lupc logistics Vipt Nam.
Vi vay, giai phap dat ra eho Bp Ke hoach va Ddu tu la phdi quy hoach va cdng khai quy hoach cac du an ha tang logistics can thu hut ngudn vdn ddu tu trong nudc ciing nhu nudc ngoai, trong do xdc dinh nhirng dy dn ha tang logistics cdn phdi lam ngay vd cdc dy an ha tang logistics trong ke hoach lau ddi de cac nha dau tu cd thdi gian chuan bi tham gia dau thau, lien minh, lien ket, hgp ddng hgp tdc kinh doanh mgt each cd hieu qua nhdt.
Thu ba, vdn de bdo hg nhd ddu tu, doanh nghiep trong nuac
Bat ky nudc nao cung xay dyng nhiing chinh saeh bao hd cho cac nhd ddu tu, doanh nghiep va lao ddng trong nudc. Viet Nam ciing khdng la ngoai le. Trong nhung nam qua. Dang va Nha nudc ta ludn cd chinh sach diing dan trong ma cira thi trudng logistics cho cdc nha ddu tu nudc ngodi, nhung cung ludn bao hp nhung nha dau tu va doanh nghiep trong nudc. Day ludn la hai mat cua mgt vdn d l , khdng de dang de thyc hien khi ma hoat dgng logistics ciia Viet Nam cdn
I Ddn chCi & Phdp lu$t
^Pltdp^ ludi ifd JUnh a 86 7 (316)-2018
kha non tre, ylu kem tir vdn, kinh nghipm cho toi ngudn nhdn luc,...
Bdn cgnh dd, hien tai Viet Nam da vd dang phai thyc hien dung cdc cam kit qudc tl vl md cura thi trudng logistics thi vipc bao hd ciing nhac, mang tinh cam doan, cho phep hoac khdng cho phep kinh doanh dieh vy logistics khdng cdn phu hgp vdi thyc tien. Vi vgy, Vipt Nam cdn phdi cd gidi phap can ca cho van dl nay.
Theo do, gidi phdp cho vdn dl chdng canh tranh khdng Idnh mgnh, trdnh vipc chilm ITnh thi trudng dgc quyen logistic ciia cdc nha dau tu nudc ngodi, bdo hg thi phdn logistics trong nudc, thi Viet Nam phdi thye hipn ddng bp va tdng the cdc gidi phap bao gdm: Xay dyng, ho trg eho cdc doanh nghiep trong nudc, trong do dac biet phdi xdy dyng dugc nhirng tap doan logistics mgnh va du siic canh tranh vdi cac tap doan tren the gidi; dao tao ngudn nhdn luc;
thdng tin, truyen thdng ve logistics;...
Tuy nhien, can phai nhan mgnh giai phap ca bdn va hiiu hipu nhdt Id xdy dyng nhiing tap doan trong nude vung mgnh cd ve vdn, mdi quan hp va ngudn nhdn lyc. Day la kinh nghipm ciia nhieu nudc tren the giai da trdi qua. Nhung tap dodn nay Id hat nhdn de lien ket, ket ndi cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh dich vy logistics trong nudc lai vdi nhau tao nen mdt he thdng chinh the vd thdng nhdt de thyc hien logistics 3PL (cung cdp dich vu logistics ben thir ba hay logistics theo hgp ddng), 4PL (logistics chudi phdn phdi hay nha cung cdp logistics chii dgo) va thdm ehi la 5PL (cung cdp dich vu logistics ben thii nam).
Vipt Nam dang thudn lgi la mgt sd doanh nghipp cd vdn sd huu cua nha nudc cd ngudn lyc khd tdt dl thyc hien dugc chiln luge ndy.
Quyet dinh sd 200/QD-TTG da neu ro quan dilm ciia Viet Nam la "tap trung ndng cao nang lyc eanh tranh ciia doanh nghipp cimg cap dich vy logistics. Phat trien cdc doanh nghiep cung cdp dich vy logistics ve sd lugng, quy md, trinh dg nhdn lye, ed nang lyc cgnh tranh cao d thi trudng trong nudc va qudc te"^. Vdi myc tieu Id
"hinh thanh cdc doanh nghiep dich vy logistics ddu tau, cd du siic canh tranh tren thi trudng trong nudc vd qudc te, ddng thdi hd trg phdt trien eac doanh nghipp dich vy logistics theo phuang cham hipn dai, chuyen nghipp""*.
Thyc hidn tdt quan diem va myc tieu ndy, chinh la giai phdp bdo dam hipu qua nhdt thi trudng logistics cho nha dau tu, doanh nghiep trong nudc vd vuon tdm ra the gidi.
Gidi phdp dat ra cho Bd KS hoach vd Ddu tu, Bg Tai chinh, Bg Cdng thuang, Hipp hpi Doanh nghiep dich vy logistics Viet Nam va Phdng Thuang mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam la phai cd CO che, chinh sach ho trg nhdm xay dyng nhung tgp dodn manh ve logistics, ti8n tdi ddu tu ra nudc ngoai va xuat khdu dich vy logistics;
Hinh thdnh nhung doanh nghiep/tap doan Idn ve logistics, tgo djnh hudng vd dpng lyc phdt trien thj trudng logistics.
Thir tu, ve ca sd hg tdng logistics Co sd ha tang logistics quyet djnh den nhieu van de quan trpng trong nang cao ndng lyc canh tranh va phat trien dich vu logistics, trong dd cd vdn dk vl gidm chi phi dich vu logistics,... Vi vdy, Vipt Nam cdn phdi cd chiln luge trudc mdt cung nhu ldu ddi ve ha tang logistics. Theo dd, chien luge nay phai da dang hda cdc logi hinh giao thdng, kit noi giao thdng tii dudng bd, dudng sdt, dudng thuy ngi dia, dudng bien.
fphdp,ludt tfdJUithd 86 7 (316)-2018
dudng hang khdng vdi cac trung tdm logistics, kho van,... Dl thyc hien dugc chiln lupc nay, Viet Nam cdn cd ngudn vdn Idn cua cdc nhd ddu tu, ciia doanh nghiep trong va ngoai nude. Do do, yeu edu dgt ra la Viet Nam phai quy hoach vd xac djnh nhirng dy dn nao Nha nudc thyc hien, dy dn nao danh cho doanh nghiep trong nudc va dy an nao can phdi thu hiit ddu tu nudc ngoai. TCr do, cd co che khuyen khich, iru dai, gidi thieu, mdi chdo de thu hiit cdc nha ddu tu thuc hien dau tu vdo ha tdng logistics.
Gidi phdp ndy ddt ra cho cac bd, ngdnh, dia phuong la phdi kien nghj Chinh phu nghien ciiu thanh lap Ban chi dgo qude gia vl logistics.
Theo dd. Ban chi dgo nay chi dao/ldnh dao thdng nhdt lap quy hoach hg tang logistics Viet Nam tren pham vi todn qudc edn phai ddu tu, hoan thidn. Tu quy hoach ndy, nhiing du an nao cdn phai xa hdi hda dau tu, cung nhu thu hut ngudn dau tu nudc ngoai thi tiln hanh cong bd/niem yet cdng khai tren cdng thdng tin dien tu cua Ban chi dao, cua cdc bp, ngdnh, dja phuang cd lien quan de keu ggi, mdi gpi ddu tu.
Thu nam, ve ddo tgo. boi duang nguon nhdn luc chdt luang cao phuc vy dich vu logistics
Ngudn nhdn lyc logistics ciia Viet Nam hien nay chua ddp iing dugc yeu cdu, thilu ca sd lupng va chdt lugng ngudn nhdn luc chdt lugng cao. Nhan lyc nganh logistics thilu kiln thiic todn dien, trinh do cdng nghe thdng tin va truyln thdng (ICT) cdn han chl, chua theo kjp tiln do phdt triln cua logistics thi gidi. Trinh dp tiing Anh nghiep vu logistics cdn han chl, chi khodng 4% nhdn lyc thdng thgo tiing Anh nghipp vy.
Trong khi dd, nhu cdu su dung nhdn lyc theo dy bao den nam 2025 la khodng 300.000 nhdn vien
chuyen nghiep, cd trinh do chuyen mon, ICT va tiing Anh dap ling yeu cau trong dieu kien Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 trong sd khoang 1,2 trieu ngudi boat ddng trong ITnh vyc logistics^.
Vi vay, gidi phdp dao tao ngudn nhan lyc chSt lugng cao phyc vy djch vy logistics Id dac biet quan trgng. Trong gidi phdp nay, viee ddo tao ngudn nhan lyc tu trung cdp, cao dang, dai hgc va tren dgi hpc. Ben cgnh dd, ddo tao can cd su hgp tac quoc te, lien ket vd cd sy dat hang tir nhu cdu thuc tien cua doanh nghipp; phdi da dang cdc hinh thiic ddo tao, bdi duang cd sy kit hpp giiia Nhd nudc vd tu nhdn, phai ddp img day dii cac tieu chudn ve nhdn lyc da dugc edng ddng qudc te thira nhgn.
Vi vdy, Bg Cdng thuang, Bg Gido dye va Ddo tgo phai phdi hgp xay dyng chien luge dao tao ngudn nhdn lyc chdt lugng eao phuc vu dich vy logistics. Trong chien luge ndy, giao chi tieu cho cdc trudng dgi hgc, cao ddng, trung cip co nang luc thyc hipn viec dao tgo ngudn nhdn lire;
cd chinh sdch khuyen khich cac trudng hpp tac vdi cac CO sd dao tao nhan lyc logistics cd uy tin tren the gidi de dao tgo nhdn lyc chat lugng cao cho Viet Nam Q
1. Bdo Phdp lugt Viet Nam, "75% dich vu logistics a Viet Nam do doanh nghidp ngogi vgn hdnh", http://baophapluat.vn/thi-truong/75-dich-vu-logistics- o-viet-nam-do-doanh-nghiep-ngoai-van-hanh- 371295.html
2. Muc 2 phdn II Quyet dinh s6 200/QD-TTg.
i. Muc 5 phan I Quyit dinh so 200/QD~TTg 4. Muc 3 phan II Quyet dinh sd 200/QD-TTg 5. Bo Cong thuang, Bdo cdo logistics Vi?t Nam ndm 2017: Logistics tir ke hogch den hdnh dgng, tr.
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