NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO D O I
/ T 6 | U-U HOA THANH PHAN NtN TAO Xi THU6C HAN THIEU KiT HE BAZO THAP
OPTIMIZATION OF WELDING SLAG INGREDIENTS OF THE AGGLOMERATED NEUTRAL FLUX FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDING
TS.VuHuyLto TrUdng Dai hpc Bach Khoa Ha Ndi
Nghien cttu, sdn xudt thuoc hdn thieu ket he bazd thdp (Aluminate - Rutile - Basic) bing nguyen vit lieu trong nttdc de han ttt dgng dudi ldp thuoc, cdc hit cdu thep cacbon thdp vd thep hgp kim thdp la vdn de cdp thiet trong sdn xudt vit lieu hin hiln nay d nUdc ta. Bdi bio niy trinh biy tdm tat kit qud nghien cttu dnh hudng ciia cic ehdt tao xi trong me lieu thuoc hin den tinh cdng nghe hdn va cdch xdc dinh hdm Ittdng toi Uucua chung, cho me lieu thuoc hdn thieu kit bazd thdp tddng dUdng logi F7A (P)2 theo tieu chudn AWS A5.17-80.
Ta khda: Toi Uu hda; Thuoc hin thieu ket he baza thdp; Thuoc hdn F7A(P)2; Tinh cdng nghe hin; Hin tU dgng dUdi ldp thuoc.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the research on mamcfacturing the agglomerated neutral flux (Aluminate - Rutik - Basic) using domestic raw materials for submerged arc welding (SAW) for the production of low-carbon steel and low-alloy steel is currently an urgent inssue manufacturing welding materials. This paper presents the results of study the influence of the flux ingredients on welding-technological characteristics and were determined optimized contens of the mixtures of the agglomerated neutral flux F7A(P)2 according toAWSA5.17-80.
Keywords: Optimization; Agglomerated neutral flux; Flux P7A(P)2; Welding-technological characteristics; Submerged arc welding (SAW).
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NGHIEN CCrU - T R A O D O I
+ Lua chpn nen tao xi va ty 1^ cac chSt tao xi chd y^u dam bao chi so bazcJ y^u cSu.
+ Nghien cdu anh hUdng cua cac cMl tao xi chu yeu trong nen tao xi han den tinh c6ng nghe han cua thuoc han.
+ Xac dinh ham Iddng cac chat tao x trong me lieu thuoc han thieu ket bazd thSp theo cac chi tieu cong nghe han yen cSu.
2. DOI Tl/ONG, V A T LIEU VA PHlTONG P H A P NGHIEN c t f u
2.1. B6i tddng nghien cdu
Nghien cdu cac ch^t tao xi han cho thuoi han thieu ket he bazd thap tddng dUdng vdi loa thuoc han F7A(P)2, theo tieu chuan cua Hi^j hpi Han My AWS A5.17-80, dildc ki hieu 1:
F7A(P)2-BK, cd cac chi tieu ve tinh cong nght han va chi sd bazd nhil sau:
Nen tao xi han cua thuoc han, anh hiidng
quyet dinh den cac dac tinh cong nghe han cua - Chi so bazd B = 1.1, xi han thuoc nhon thuoc han. Dac tinh cong nghe han cua thuoc han Aluminate - Rutile - Basic theo phan loai cu gdm cac chi tieu chu yeu sau day: Vien Han Quoc te (IIW) [ 1,4,5].
l.DATVANDE
Ngay nay, cong nghe han tU dpng dddi ldp diuoc (Submerged Arc Welding SAW) dddc sd dung trong nhieu linh vdc nhd: Che tao ket cau thep, dau khi, giao thong, ddng tau,... d^' che tao cac ket cau cd kich thddc ldn vdi dUdng han dai va chieu day ldn. Vat lieu han dung trong cong nghe han tu dong diidi ldp thuoc, gom cd day han va thude han. Thuoc han con phai nhap vdi gia cao va nguyen lieu de san xuat thuoc han d Viet Nam r^t nhieu, nen viec nghien cdu san xuat thuoc han thieu ket he bazd th^p, loai thuoc han cd thi phan ldn la rat can thiet va cd y nghia thUc ti6n cao.
Trong sd dd nghien cdu thuoc han thieu ket, npi dung so 1 va quan trong nhat la chpn dupc he tao xi han hpp ly va nghien cdu dUdc ty le cac chat tao xi han trong thanh phan me lieu thuoc han. Loai thuoc han dUdc chpn nghien cdu la diuoc han thieu ket bazd thap tUdng dUdng loai F7A{P)2 theo tieu chuan AWS A5.17. Day la loai thuoc han cd chi s6 bazd B=l,l, vdi ham liidng hidro thap [1,5].
Kha nang gay ho quang han va tinh on dinh cua ho quang han;
Su hinh thanh va tao dang mdi ban;
Tinh bong xi han va chat lUdng be mat moi han;
Mdc dp khuyet tat han.
Bai bao nay, se tap trung nghien cdu anh hudng cua cac chat tao xi chd yeu trong thanh phan me lieu thuoc han den tinh cong nghe han. Ngi dung nghien cdu se giai quyet cac van de sau day:
- Cac chi tieu ve tinh cong nghe hai tUdng dndng vdi loai thuoc han S-727 cua Con ty Han Hyundai (Han Quoc) hoac thude han 01 Flux 10.80 theo cua hang thiet bi va vat lieu ha ESAB (Thuy Dien).
- Day han dung ket hpp vdi thuoc han 1 loai EL8 theo tieu chuan AWS A5.17-80.
2.2. Vat lieu va thiet bi nghien cdu - Nguyen lieu dung d^ ch^ tao thuoc ha chu yeu la nguon nguyen li^u trong nUdc.
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NGHIEN GU'U-TRAO DOI
- Vat lieu che tao mau han la thep ket can han SM400B theo JIS G3106. Kich thiidc mdu:
350x200x20 thed tieu chuan ANSI/AWS B4.0.
- Thi^t bi nghien cdu chu yeu:
Sd dung may ban tU dpng dUdi ldp thuoc cua hang Dosun [2].
2.3. Phddng phap nghien cdu
PhUdng phap nghien cdu k^t hpp nghien cdu ly thuyet va thUc nghiem.
- 0 n g dung quy hoach thUc nghiem de xay dung cac quan he dinh liidng anh hUdng cda cac chat tao xi trong me lieu thuoc han den cac chi deu tinh cong nghe han.
- Mo hinh nghien cdu cd dang tong quat:
Y = f ( X . ) , i = l ^ k Trong dd:
+ X - Cac bien dau vao la ham lUdng cac chat tao xi trong thuoc ban, gdm: (CaO+MgO), Aip^, CaF^,Ti03.
+ Y - Ham muc tieu la cac chi tieu dac tinh cdng nghe han xem hinh 1.
b
vay, he so nay se khong xet d day, con chi tieu ve tinh bong xi diidc danh gia dinh lupng theo y&u cau toi thieu va dUa vao theo trpng so trong tieu chi he so chat lUdng be mat mdi han, cd xet den cac loai khuyet tat han tren be mat radi ban va mdc dp cac khuyet tat nay dddc danh gia theo tieu chuan TCVN 7472-2005 (tUdng diidng ISO 5817) va dndc Iddng hda theo mdc dp quan trpng ddi vdi ngoai dang mdi han. Trong trUdng hdp nay, cac quan he cd the md ta nhU sau:
Y = f((CaO+MgO), Aip^, CaF^, TiO^) (1) Trong do: Y - la L^ , b, c, h, Bm
De xay dUng cac phiidng trinh thUc nghiem (1) can lUa chpn md hinh va xac dinh cac he sd cua phUdng trinh hoi quy.
- Giai bai toan toi Uu hda xac dinh ham lUdng toi Uu cda cac chat tao xi trong thuoc han.
Chieu dai ho quang tdi han dUdc xac dinh theo sd do [5] diidi day:
Hinh 1. Cdc kich thUdc cua moi hdn Theo [2,6] va cac ket qua thi nghiem tham do va sang Ipc, cho thay he so hinh dang mdi han dUpc danh gia gian tiep theo cac gia tri b va c nen he so tUdng thich khdng cao. Do
Hmh 2. So do do thieu ddi ho quang tdi hgn Cong lam bong xi han dUpc xac dinh theo mau co kich thUdc nhU sau [5]. ^
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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO D 6 I
Hinh 3. Kich thUdc vi mau thi tinh hongxi 3. KE HOACH THU'C NGHlfiM 3.1. Lda chon dang p h d d n g trinh hdi quy
Theo cac tai lieu tham khao, cac md hinh tren cd dang da thdc bac 2 [2,6, nhd sau:
Y,=b„+f^bj,+j;^bX+'tKx.x, (2)
,=1 !=i ' . ; = :
I'J
Trong dd:
- X^ va X. la gia tri cua cac bien dau vao;
- Y^ - Cac ham muc tieu, gdm cd;
Y|=Lj - Chieu dai hd quang tdi han, mm;
Yj= b - Chieu rdng mdi han, mm;
Y^= c - Chieu cao dap cua mdi han, mm;
Y_|=h - Chieu sau ngau cua mdi han h, mm;
Yj= B_^ - Chat Idpng be mat mdi han.
3.2. Lda chpn nen tao xi
Viec chpn nen tao xi dda tren cac tieu chi cP ban ve chi so bazp, cac chi tieu ly tinh nhd nhiet dp ndng chay, dp nhdt, sdc cang be mat, gdc tham ddt, khdi lupng rieng,... va cd xet den ngudn nguyen lieu san cd trong nddc.
Theo [1,4,5] va thi nghiem tham dd sani loc da chpn ddpc ndn tap xi dddi day:
(CaO + MgO) - A1,0, - CaFj - TiO, Ty le cac nhdm cSu dl ddpc chpn nhd san 1- (CaO-tMgO): 25%
+ AljOj: 30%
+ CaF^: 15%
+ TiOj: 30%
3.3. Xay ddng ke ho?ch thdc nghiem De nghien cdu md hinh thanh phan tinh chat vdi cac dieu kien rang bupc dac trdng
ZZ = 100% hpac ZX = 1.
Trong dd: Z_ - Cac bien sd thdc, %.
X - Cac bien sd ma hda.
Kd hoach thdc nghiem ddpc chpn la 1 hoach thdc nghiem Max Lean-Anderson [2,3,6 vung nghien cdu la da dien ban chd.
0 < a < X < b, < 1 Sd tuong thich cua cac phuong trhih h quy ddpc kiem tra theo chuan sd Fisher va he;
tdpng quan.
Bing 1. Khoing biln thiln cua cdcyeu
Cac bien s6 Mdc diidi Mdc tren
0
Bien thdc, % CaO, MgO
Z, 16 26
A1,0,
17 27
CaF, Z,
5 15
TiO Z, 20 30 Tdng cac chat cdn lai: Z^ = 22% gifl cd dii Vdi day ban dddng kinh d=4,0mm di che dp han nhd sau.
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NGHIEN CO'U-TRAODOI
Bang 2. Cdc thdng so che do hdn SAW Gia tri cac thdng sd che do han Cddng d o d o n g
di^n h i n I^, A 650
Dien ap h a n
'u,.v
28
Van tdc h a n V^, cm/ph
45
Tam vdi dien cdc, m m
30
Gdc nghieng dien tctic
0 Bang 3. Bdng ki hoach thUc nghiem vd kit qud thi nghiem:
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Gia tri cac bien so CaO,
MgO X, 0.26 0.16 0.26 0.16 0.26 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.226 0.193 0.193 0.226 0.226 0.193 0.21 0.21 0.21
AIjO, X.
0.17 0.27 0.27 0.17 0.17 0.27 0.27 0.203 0.236 0.17 0.236 0.203 0.17 0.17 0.27 0.27 0.203 0.236 0.22 0.22 0.22
CaFj X, 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.116 0.15 0.083 0.083 0.05 0.116 0.15 0.116 0.05 0.083
0.05 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.1
TIO, X, 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.233 0.266 0.3 0.266 0.233 0.2 0.233
0.3 0.266
0.2 0.3 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.25
Cac ch9t c o n l ^
X, 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 022 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Gia tri cac bi^n sd mm
Y, 16.75
16.5 16.75 16.25 15.5 15.75 16.75 15.3 16.25 16.75 1615 17 16 15.75 1625 16.2 165 14.25 1475 15.6 15.05
b, mm
Y j
17.8 18.1 16.6 17.5 17.3 17.1 17.5 18.1 18.3 17.4 16.2 17 16.9 16.7 18.2 16.7 18.5 17.2 166 163 16.9
c, mm Y3
4 3.1 3.7 3.9 3.95 3.9 3.7 3.85 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.4
h, mm Y, 2.5 2.2 3 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.3 2 1 2.7 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.2 2 1 2.7 2 2.7 3.1 3.2 2.9
Bm
Y j
6 7.5
7 6.5
5 6.5 7.6 7.3 8.5 7 8.3 5.5 6.5 7.6 7.5 7.2 8.1 6.8 7.6 7.2 7.3 Tong cac chat cdn lai dUpc gifl co dinh gpi la: Z^ = 22%.
Cac k^t qua thflc nghiem cua cac chi tieu sau khi xd ly loai bd nhflng sd lieu chda sai sd thd,
a tri trung binh cua cac thi nghiem dflpc dan ra bang tren. ^
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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO B 6 I
4. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 4.1. Xay ddng phddng trinh hdi quy
Sau khi xd ly cac sd lieu nhan dddc cac phddng trinh hdi quy nhd sau:
L =15 26 + 0,081X - 0.035X, - 0,295X, + 0,081X^ + 0,245X,^ + 0,203X,^ -1- 0,019X/ + 0,109X^;
0,239X,X, - 0,105X^X3 - 0,158X,X. - 0,034X^X, - 0,143X,X, + 0,103X,X, 0 Hd sd tdong quan: R' = 0,637.
b = 16 94 - 0,207X + 0,015X, - 0,146X, + 0,219X, -1- 0,091X/ -f 0,018X/ -1- 0,I31X/ -1- 0,039X/
0,119X,X, + 0,034XX - 0,062X,X, - 0,049X^X3 -1- 0,048X,X, - 0,177X,X,.
He sd tdong quan R' = 0,619.
c = 3.99 + 0,065X, - 0,047X, -1- 0,092X3 - 0,05X, - 0,032X,' - 0,0267X,' - 0,053X3' - 0,033X,^
0,021X,X, - 0,031X^X3 + 0,047X,X, + 0,038X^X3 -1- 0,015X,X, + 0,035X3X..
He sd tdong quan R' = 0.591.
h = 2,87 + 0,123Xj - 0,037Xj -r 0,107X3 - 0,113X^ - 0,036Xj' - 0,007X/ - 0,07X3' - 0,024X/ + 0,042X,>
- 0,031X,X3 + 0,036X,X, - 0,007X^X3 - 0,021XjX, -^ 0,088X3X,.
He sd tdong quan R' = 0,550.
B = 7,68 - 0,323X, -f 0,178X, - 0,336X3 -^ 0,25X. - 0,13X,' - 0,158X/ - 0,111X3' - 0,094X/
0,"l94XjX, - 0,069X,X3 + 0,076X,X. + 0,051X^X3 + 0,095X,X. + 0,101X3X,.
He sd tdang quan R' = 0,750.
4.2. Cac dddng dac trdng
Td cac phuong trinh hdi quy bieu dien cac dudng dac tinh cho 2 ham muc tieu quan trpi nhat la chi& dai hd quang tdi han va chat Idpng be mat mdi han dang 2D va 3D nhd sau.
- Chieu dai hd quang tdi han L|_ phu thude vao ham Idpng cac chat tao xi trong thude h vdi cac chat cdn lai ddpc lay d mdc co sd nhd sau:
Hmh 4. Suphu thugc L^ vio (CaO + MgO) Hinh 5. SUphu thugc i „ vio Alfl,
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NGHIEN CLfU-TRAOD6|
Hmh 6. Suphu thuoc L vdo CaF^ Hinh 7. Suphu thude L^ vdo TiO^
Hinh 8. Suphu thuoc L vao hdm lUdng (CaO + -MgOJ, Aip^ CaF^ vdi Ti0^^25%
Hinh 9. Suphu thude L vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), Aip^ TiO^ vdi CaF^^lO%
Hinh 10. suphu thugc L^vdo hdm lUdngAlp^ CaF^ TiO^vdi (CaO + MgO)=21%
- Chat Ifldng b^ mat moi han B^ phu thuoc vao ham Ifldng cac chat tao xi trong thuoc ban vdi cac chat cdn lai dflpc lay d mdc cd sd nhU sau:
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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO PQl
4. KET QUA VA THAO L U A N
4.1. Xay ddng phddng trinh hdi quy
Sau khi xfl ly cac sd litu nhan dddc cac phddng trinh hdi quy nhd sau:
L =15 26 -t 0,081X - 0,035X, - 0,295X3 -1- 0,081X, -1- 0,245X,' + 0,203X/ + 0,019X3' + 0,109X.'
0!239X',X, - 0,105X,X3 - 0,158X,X, - 0,034X^X3 - 0,143X,X, -^ 0,103X3X, f3,.
He sd tddng quan: R' = 0,637.
b = 16,94 - 0,207X, + 0,015X, - 0,146X3 + 0,219X, + 0,091X,' + 0,018X,' + 0,131X3' + 0,039X,' - 0,119X3X3 + 0,034X^X3 - 0,062X,X. - 0,049X^X3 + 0,048X,X, - 0,177X3X,.
He sd tuong quan R' = 0,619.
c = 3,99 + 0,065X, ^ 0,047X, + 0,092X3 - 0,05X, - 0,032X,' - 0,0267X/ - 0,053X3' - 0,033X/ - 0,021X,Xj - 0,031X,X3 + 0,047X,X, + 0,03iX^X, + 0,015X3X, + 0,OXX^X,.
He sd tdong quan R' = 0,591.
h = 2,87 -I- 0,123X3 - 0,037X, -h 0,107X3 - 0,113X^ - 0,036X,' - 0,007X3' - 0,07X3' - 0,024X/ + 0,042X,X - 0,031X3X3 + 0,036X,X, - 0,007X^X3 - 0,021X3X^ -1- 0,088X3X,.
He sd tUdng quan R' = 0,550.
B = 7,68 - 0,323X3 + 0,178X, - 0,336X3 -t- 0,25X, - 0,13X,' - 0,158X3' - 0,111X3' - 0,094X/
0,194X3X3 - 0,069X3X3 + 0,076X,X, -1- 0,051X3X3 -t 0,095X,Xj + 0,101X3X,.
He sd tdong quan R' = 0,750.
4.2. Cac dtidng dac trting
Td cac phuong trinh hdi quy bieu didn cac dddng dac tinh cho 2 ham muc tieu quan trpr nhat la chilu dai hd quang tdi ban va chat Iddng be mat mdi han dang 2D va 3D nhu sau.
- Chieu dai hd quang tdi ban L^ phu thuoc vao ham lupng cac chat tao xi trong thude h;
vdi cac chat cdn lai ddpc lay d mdc ca sd nhd sau:
Hinh 4 Suphu thugc L^^ vdo (CaO + MgO) Hinh 5. SUphu thugc L^ vio Alp,
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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO 0 6 l
Hinh 6. Suphu thugc L^ vdo Cap^ Hinh 7. Suphu thugc L vio TiO^
Hinh 8. Suphu thugc L, vao hdm lUdng (CaO -t MgO), Alp, CaP^ vdi TiO =25%
Hinh 9. Suphu thugc L. vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), Alp^ TiO^ vdi Cap =10%
Hinh 10. Suphu thude L,^ vdo hdm lugng Alp, CaF^ TiO^ vdi (CaO + MgO)=21%
- ChSt Itipng be mat mdi han B^ phu thupc vap ham Idpng cac chat tap xi trong thude ban vdi cac chat cdn lai ddPc lay d mdc cd sd nhd sau:
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NGHISN CLfU - T R A O D O I
4. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 4.1. X4y ddng phddng trinh hdi quy
Sau khi xfl ly cac sd lieu nhan dflpc cac phUdng trinh hdi quy nhfl sau:
L =15 26 + 0 081X - 0,035X - 0,295X3 + 0,081X, -1- 0,245X,' -^ 0,203X3' + 0,019X3' + 0,109X/
o!239X3X3 - 0,105X3X3 - 0,158X3X. - 0,034X3X3 - 0,143X3X^ + 0,103X3X, (3' He sd tupng quan: R' = 0,637.
b = 16,94 - 0,207X3 + 0,015X3 - 0,146X3 + 0,219X^ + 0,091X,' + 0,018X3' -1- 0,131X3' + 0,039X,' - 0,119X3X3 + 0,034X3X3 - 0,062X,X, - 0,049X3X3 + 0,048X3X, - 0,177X3X,.
He sd tddng quan R' = 0,619.
c = 3,99 -1- 0,065X, - 0,047X3 -h 0,092X3 - 0,05X, - 0,032X,' - 0,0267X3' - 0,053X3' - 0,033X/ - 0,021X3X3 - 0,031X3X3 + 0,047X3X, + 0,038X3X3 + 0,015X3X, -1- 0,035X3X,.
He sd tdPng quan R' = 0,591.
h = 2,87 + 0,123X3 - 0,037X3 + "'lO^X, - 0.113X, - 0,036X,' - 0,007X3' - 0,07X3' - 0,024X3' + 0,042X3?
- 0,031X3X3 -I- 0,036X3X, - 0,007X3X3 - 0,021X3X, -I- 0,088X3X^.
He sd tdPng quan R' = 0,550.
B = 7,68 - 0,323X, + 0,178X3 - 0,336X3 + 0,25X, - 0,13X,' - 0,158X3' - 0,111X3' - 0,094X/
0,194X3X3 - 0,069X3X3 + 0,076X3X3 -t 0,051X3X3 + 0,095X3X^ -I- 0,101X3X,.
He sd tflong quan R' = 0,750.
4.2. Cac dtidng dac trting
Tfl cac phdong trinh hdi quy bieu dien cac dudng dac tinh cho 2 ham muc tieu quan trpr nhat la chieu dai hd quang tdi han va chat Iflpng bl mat mdi han dang 2D va 3D nhu sau.
- Chieu dai hd quang tdi ban L^ phu thupc vap ham Iddng cac chat tap xi trpng thunc hi vdi cac chat cdn lai dflpc lay d mflc cfl sd nhu sau:
Hmh 4. Suphu thugc 1,^ vao (CaO -t MgO) Hmh 5. suphu thugc L^ vao Alp,
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NGHIEN CO'U-TRAOD6|
Htnh 6. Suphu thugc L. vdo CaF^ Hinh 7. Suphu thude L^ vdo TiO^
Hmh 8. Suphu thugc L vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), Alp^ CaF^ vdi TiO =25%
Hinh 9. Suphu thugc L. vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), Alp^ TiO^ vdi CaF=10%
Hinh 10. suphu thugcL^vdo hdm lUdngAlp^ CaF^ TiO^ vdi (CaO + MgO)=21%
- Chat Ifldng b ^ mat moi ban B^ phu thupc vao ham lUcfng cac chat tao xi trong thuoc ban vdi cac ch£t cdn lai dfldc ISy d m d c cd sd nhd sau:
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Die (IT l i s ( « » » " ' " ^
Hind 11. Sifpliu thugc S„ vao (CuO -f MgO)
m m in i » <« >•< ^i^ ("^ °<* ^
Hin/j 12. Si/pJiu (tape B^ vdo Cafj
IS m S3 OS 027 02S
Hinli 13. Suphu thude B^ vdo TiO,
Hmh 15. Suphu thupc B^ vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), Alp,, TiO, vdi CaF,=10%
Hinh 14. Suphu thugc Bm vdo hdm lUdng (CaO + MgO), 'AI,0,, CaF, vdi TiO =25%
4.3. Thao luan
Trdn cd sd cac ket qua thu ddpc td c phflpng trinh hdi qui va cac dfldng dac tuih cl phep rut ra nhflng ket luan quan trpng sau da;
- Cac phfldng trmh hdi quy cd dp tdd thich chap nhan dflpc, vdi cac he sd tfldng qu R' = 0,55 + 0,75.
- Ham Ifldng cac chat tao xi: (CaO MgO), AI3O3, CaFj va TiO, trong thanh phan lieu thude han anh hfldng manh den chilu ho quang tdi h:jn va chat Idpng be mat mni h cdn chieu rdng, chifa cao, chifa sdu ngSu n Cac dudng dac tinh cua cac ham sd chifa
rdng b, chifa cao c, chifa sau ngau h phu thude do anh hddng yfa hon, vao ham Idpng cac chat tao xi trong me Ufa
thude han dflpc xay dflng tddng tfl. Mdt sd dac diem quan trpng can chi
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NGHIEN CLfU-TRAO D C I
Khi he sd bazd thap (B = 1,1) cung vdi TCVN 7472 - 2005, vdi cac tieu chi cu the theo hkm Ifldng TiO^ cao, dac tinh anh hUdng hujmh thang diem 10.
th?ch (CaFj) thay doi gSn nhU tuyen tinh va lam
giam nhe tinh 6n dinh cua hd quang h i n . 4.4.2. Ket qud toi Uu Chat Ifldng hi mat mdi han nhay cdm vdi
thanh phan cac chat tao xi trong me lieu thu6c han yeu hdn so vdi thuoc han he bazd cao. B l mat mdi han deu, min, cd mau xam.
Trong so cac chi tieu v l kich thddc mdi han, thi chieu sau ngau moi han kem nhay cam hdn so vdi chieu rpng va chieu cao dap cua moi han ddi vdi sfl thay ddi cua cac bien dau vao.
4.4. Xac dinh ham Itfdng toi flu
4.4.1. Cdc dieu kien rdng buoc vd hdm toi Uu
- Dieu kien tfldng minh:
16% < (CaO + MgO) < 26%;
17% < A l p 3 < 27%;
5%< CaF^<15%;
20% < TiO^ < 30%;
va IZ. - 78% hoac I X - 0,78.
Tong cac chat cdn lai la Z^ = 22% va khdng ddi.
Giai bai toan tdi flu vdi cac dieu kien rang budc neu tren nhan dflpc ket qua nhfl sau:
Ham Itiong tdi tiu cdc ehdt tao xi trong me lifa thuoc h i n %
CaO-l-MgO 16
AI3O3 23,6
CaFj 8,4
TiOj 30 Cac chat cdn lai la 22%.
Thuoc han vdi thanh phan nghien cdu dfldc da kiem tra han SAW cho chat Ifldng be mat mdi ban va tinh bong xi nhd sau.
Hinh 16. Xi hdn tU bong sau khi hdn
tmmf&^''
- Dieu kiln rang budc va ham muc tieu dfldc chpn d l tdi flu xuat phat td y l u cau cu the doi vdi loai thuoc ban F7A(P)2-BK can dap flng cac dieu kien sau day:
L^ > 16,5 mm;
6,0 < B^ < 10
Chi so chat lUdng hinh thanh b l mat mdi
Hmh 17. Chdt lUdng be mat mSi han khi hdn bdng thuoc han vdi thdnh phdn toi Uu
Ket qua thd nghilm thuoc han cho hd quang chay on dinh, hinh thanh moi han tdt, chat Ifldng be mat mdi ban d i u dep, xi han td han dfldc danh gia dinh lflpng theo tieu chuan bong, khuyet tat ban trong pham vi cho phep.
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n ill CIS 019
Hinh 11. suphu thude B„ Vflo (CaO + MgO)
OS ox 03
Hind 13. suphu thugc B^ vdo TiO,
Hinh 15. suphu thugc B^ vao him lUdng (CaO -t MgO), Al,0,, Tib, vdi Cap,=10%
Cac dfldng dac tinh cua cac ham sd chifa rdng b, chifa cao c, chifa sau ngau h phu thupc vap ham Iflpng cac chat tap xi trpng me lieu thuoc ban dflpc xay ddng tflPng tfl.
m 001 OK oto ou on on OH Hinh 12. Suphu thugc B^ vdo CaF,
Hmh 14. suphu thude Bm vao hdm lUdng (CaO + MgP), Al,Of CaF, vdi TiO,=25%
4.3. Thao luan
Trfa CO sd cac ket qua thu dflpc ttt c phdong trinh hdi qui va cac dfldng dac tinh cl phep rut ra nhdng ket luan quan trpng sau ii)
- Cac phddng trinh hdi quy cd dp tdd thich chJp n h ^ ddpc, vdi cac he sd tfldng qu R' = 0,55 + 0,75.
- Ham Iflpng cac chat tap xi: (CaO MgO), AI3O3, CaFj va TiOj trong thanh phan 1 lifa thude han anh hfldng manh d m chifa 1 hn quang tdi ban va chat Iflpng be mat mdi h cdn chifa rpng, chifa cap, chifa sau ngau Bi dp anh hfldng yfa hdn.
- Mpt sd d i e diem quan trpng can chi
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NGHIEN CO'U-TRAO eOl
Khi hi sd bazd th^ip (B = 1,1) cung vdi TCVN 7472 - 2005, vdi cac tieu chi cu thi theo ham lUdng TiO^ cao, dac tinh anh hfldng huynh thang dilm 10.thach (CaF^) thay ddi gan nhfl tuyen tinb va lam
giam nhe tinh dn dinh cua hd quang han. 4.4.2. Ket qud toi Uu Chit Ifldng be mat mdi han nhay cam vdi
thanh phan cac chat tao xi trong me lieu thuoc han yeu hdn so vdi thuoc han he bazd cao. Be rngit moi ban deu, min, cd man xam.
Trong sd cac chi tieu ve kich thfldc mdi han, thi chilu sau ngau mdi ban kem nhay cam hdn so vdi chilu rdng va chieu cao dap cua mdi han ddi vdi sU thay ddi cua cac bien dau vao.
4.4. Xac dinh ham Ifldng to! flu
4.4.1. Cdc dieu kien rdng buoc vd hdm toi Uu - Dilu kien tfldng minh:
16% < (CaO + MgO) < 26%;
17% < Alp3 < 27%;
5% < CaF^ < 15%;
20% < TiO^ < 30%;
va IZ, = 78% hoac IX. = 0,78.
Tdng cac ch^t cdn lai la Z^ = 22% va khdng ddi.
- Dieu kien rang budc va ham muc tieu dfldc chpn de tdi Uu xuat phat tfl yeu cSu cu the ddi vdi loai thude han F7A(P)2-BK cSn dap dng cac dieu kiln sau day:
L > ! • hq
6,0 < B^ < 10
Chi so chit lUdng hinh thanh bl mat mdi
Giai bai toan tdi Uu vdi cac dilu kien rang budc neu tren nhan dfldc kit qua nhfl sau:
Hfun Itidng tdi tiu cac chat tao xi lifa thude han % CaO-l-MgO
16
AI3O3
23,6 CaF,
8,4
trong me TiOj
30 Cac chat cdn lai la 22%.
Thuoc han vdi thanh p h ^ nghiin cdu dupc da kiem tra han SAW cho chat Ifldng be mat mdi han va tinh bong xi nhU sau.
Hinh 16. Xi hdn tU bong sau khi hdn
Hinh 17. Chdt lUdng be mat mdi hdn khi hdn bdng thuoc hdn vdi thdnh phdn toi Uu
Ket qua thd nghiem thuoc han cho ho quang chay dn dinh, hinh thanh mdi han tot, chat lupng be mat mdi han deu dep, xi han tfl han dUdc danh gia dinh Ifldng theo tilu chuan bong, khuyet tat ban trong pham vi cho phep.
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5. KET LUAN
Ket qua nghifa cdu cho thay quy luat anh hfldng cua cac chft t»o xi d f a tfah cdng ngh6 hag va la cfl sd dl thiet ke hoan chinh thanh phan m e lifa thude ban H bazd thSp.
Ty le cac chat tao xi tdi du dfldc dung de nghien cflu tiep theo t h i n h phan me Bfa thude han F7A(P)2-BK.
Cac ket qua va phflflng phap nghien cdu trong bai bao nay cd y nghia quan trpng bd sung vt ly thuyet va thdc tifa trong linh vflc nghifa cdu va san xuat v^t Ufa han.*5*
Ngay nhan bJd: 12/4/2016 Ngay phan bifa: 08/5/2016
Tai lifa tham khao:
[1]. Vu Huy Lan, Bui Van Hanh (2010); Gido trinh vat lilu hdn, NXB. Bach Khoa Ha Ndi.
[2]. Vii Huy Lan, Nguyen Thanh HUng, Pham Thanh Lflu, Ta Van Nam (2013); Toi Uu hda thinh phdn nen tai xi thude hdn thieu kit he hazd trung binh. Tap chi Co khi Viet Nam, sd 9/2013.
[3]. Nguyen Minh Tuyfa (2005); Quy hoach thUc nghiem, NXB. Khoa hoc va Ky thuat. Ha Noi.
[4]. noflraeuKHH B. B., (1964); CeapoinHe uniaKM. HayKosa - flyMKa, Knes.
[5]. noianoBa H.H., (1989); CBaporabie Maiepiianbi HIM HyrOBOM caapKU. MauiHHOcTpcenHe, MociCBa.
[6]. Ademola D. Adeyeye, FesUis A. Oyawale, OpUmisation of weld-metal chemical composition firom weld ing flux ingredients. Maejo I n t J. Sci. Technol. 2010, N4, 347-359.
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