T ^ CHi KHOA HQC TRlTbNG D:^I HQC H 6 N G PlTC - S6 40.2018
CHAT LlTgfNG TRlTNG VA ANH Hl/OTNG CUA MAU SAC VO TRETNG D E N C H A T LU*gfNG VO TRUTVG CUA GA WHITE
LEGHORN, BLUE VA CON LAI (WL*BLUE)
Bo Ng^c Hli\ Le Thi Anh Tuylt^
TOM T A T
Nghien cifu duac tiin hdnh tren 3 giong gd: White Leghorn (WL) cd vd trung mdu trdng, gd Blue co vo trung mdu xanh vd con lai (WL*Blue) cd vd trimg mdu ndu a 40 vd 60 tudn tuoi. Ket qud cho thdy khi tuoi de cua gd mdi tdng, khoi lugng tricng gd tdng, tuy nhien % khdi lugng vo vd do ddy mdng vd gidm nen dg cung cua trung gidm. Trimg gd Blue (vd mdu xanh) cd khdi luang nhd han so v&i trtfng gd White Leghorn (vd mdu trdng), tuy nhiin % khdi lugng long do vd do cung vd tning ctia gd Blue lgi cao han so v&i gd White Leghorn. Mdu sde vd tricng cd dnh huang den chdt lugng vd tricng khi vd tning mdu ndu toi cd do cung cao hon so v&i vd tricng mdu sdng han.
Tu* khda: Mdu sde vd tricng, chdt lugng vd trung, chdt licgng trung, vd tricng xanh.
l . D A T V A N D E
Chat lupng tning la mpt chi tieu quan trpng trong vide danh gia kha nang sinh san ciia gia cam. Nd khdng nhiing quyet dinh ddn su phat tridn ciia phdi cung nhu quyet dinh tdi ch4t lupng ga con mdi nd (Tona va cdng su, 2003) ma cdn quyet dinh ddn gid ca, Ipi nhuan kinh td va thi hidu cua ngudi tieu dimg. Chdt lupng tning dupe xac dinh bdi cac chi tieu nhu khdi luong tning, chi sd hinh dang, chi sd Haugh, long trSng, long dd va vd tning (Robert, 2004). Ngoai ra, mau sSc ciia vd tning cung anh hudng den chat lupng tning do anh hudng ddn chdt lupng vo tning (Hunton, 1995).
Mau s5c vd tning la mdt trong nhirng khia canh quan trpng ve chat lugng tning d mdt sd qudc gia. Ci Bac My, ngudi tieu dirng ua chuOng tning ga cd mau trang, trong khi mdt sd nude d Chau A nhu Vidt Nam, Thai Lan ngudi tieu dung lai ua chudng tning ga cd mau nau. Mau sSc vd tning khdng anh hudng den chat lupng long trang, Idng do va gia tri dinh duong cua chiing nhung cd anh hudng den chat luprng vd tning khi ma tnitig co mau nau hon thi vd tning cd khuynh hudng day han so vdi tning cd vd mau trSng (Cutis va cpng su, 1985). Su khac nhau ve chat lupng vd tning cd mau nau va mau tring da dupe mdt sd tac gia nghien ciiu (Solomon, 1991; Campo va Gil, 1998).
Tuy nhidn chua cd cdng bd nao ve chat lupng cua vd tning cd mau xanh. Do dd, muc dich cua nghidn ciiu nay nhSm so sanh chat lupng vd tning ga d cac mau sSc vd tning khac nhau.
Gidng vien khoa Nong - Ldm - Ngu nghiep, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Hdng Due
TAP c m KHOA HOC TRtTCfNG BAI HOC HONG PlTC - SO 40.2018
2. NQI DUNG
2.1. Phirong phap nghien cihi 2.1.1. Ddi tuang thi nghiem
Tning ga thi nghiem la tning cua 3 gidng: Ga White Leghorn (WL) cd vd tning mau trSng, ga Blue cd vd tning mau xanh va con lai cua chiing (WL*Blue) cd vd tning mau nau dupe nudi tai trai thuc nghiem tinh Dai Nam ciia khoa Chan nudi, Trudng Dai hpe Ndng nghiep va Tai nguyen Trudng dai hpc Qudc gia Chung Hsing - Dai Chung - Dai Loan.
Ga thi nghi6m dupe nudi theo phuang thiic cdng nghi?p, sii dung thiic an cdng nghiep cd thanh phSn dinh duong nhu sau: Protein thd: 18,2%; nang lupng trao ddi:
2760Kcal; Ca: 4,6%; P: 0,7%.
2.1.2. Bo tri thi nghiem vd cdc chi tieu nghien ciiu 2.1.2.1. Bd tri thinghiim
Tning ga sau khi de, duac thu nhat vao budi sang sdm. Sau dd dupe dua ve nghien ciiu tai phdng thi nghiem eua khoa Chan nudi, Trudng dai hpc Ndng nghidp va Tai nguyen, D?ii hpc Qudc gia Chung Hsing.
Thi nghiem dupe tidn hanh khi ga dd d 40 va 60 tuan tudi tii thang 6 nam 2015 den thang 12 nam 2015.
2.1.2.2. Cdc chi tiiu vd phuong phdp nghiin cuu
Khdi luang tning va chi sd hinh dang: Mdi tning sau khi thu nh$t dupe can de kiem tra khdi lupng. Sau dd dupe do chidu dai va chieu rdng bSng thude compa co dp ehinh xac 0,01mm.
Mau sac Clia vd tning: Mau sSc cua vd tning duge do bang may Color reader CR 10 Operation Manual, Koniea Minolta. Su dung he thdng do mau sac L* a' b.
Dp Cling cua vd tning: Dp ciing cua vd tning duge xdc dinh bSng may do Inshron measurement machine-Model-HT-8116 of HUNG TA instrument Co., Ltd.
Khdi lupng Idng trSng, Idng dd, khdi lupng vd tning duge can bang cdn di^n tii co dp chinh xac ± 0,01g va chi sd Haugh duge xac dinh bang cdng thiic:
HU=100xlog[H-^ ^ ^^^ i+1,9]
Trong dd, HU = Haugh unit.
H = ChiSu cao Idng trang (mm).
G = 32,2
W = Khdi lupng tning (g) 2.2. Xu ly so li^u
Sd li§u sau khi thu thap duge xu ly bang phdn m i m SAS (Phien ban 9.3.1) su d\ing md hinh hiyen tinh tdng quat General Linear Models dd so sanh eae ehi tidu chdt lugng tning cua 3 gidng ga khac nhau.
50
T^P CHi KHOA HQC T R I T O N G BAI HQC H 6 N G BtTC - S 6 40.2018
2.3. Ket qud va thao luan
2.3.1. Chi tieu chdt lifong trung cua gd White Leghorn, Blue vd con lai (WL*Blue) Kdt qua vd chat lupng tning cua ga WL, Blue va eon lai (WL*Blue) d 40 va 60 tudn tudi duoc thd hidn d bang 1. Khdi lupng tning, % khdi lugng long tring va chi sd Haugh cua ga WL cao han so vdi ga Blue (P<0,05). Tuy nhien, % khdi lugng Idng dd va dp day mang vd tning ciia ga Blue lai cao hon g^ WL. Dp sang cua tning ga WL eao han ga Blue (do ga WL cd tning mau tring, trong khi ga Blue c6 vd tning mau xanh). Tning ciia con lai (WL*Blue) ed mau nau ndn dp sang thd hi^n khoang trung binh dp sang eiia bd va me.
Cac chi tieu vd chdt lupng tning eiia con lai (WL*Blue) la khoang trung binh cua bd me chiing. Didu ndy cd thd chiing minh Id mau sie eiia tning khdng bi anh hudng bdi cae gen trdi khi lai hai tinh trang mdu sde khac nhau.
Bang 1. Trung binh binh phutmg nho nhdt v^ sai so chuan cua cac chi tieu chat lirgiig trihig ciia g^ WL, Blue vii con lai (WL*Biue) (n=30)
c h i tieu Tudn tuoi
Gidng Blue
M ± S E
Blue*WL M ± S E
WL M ± S E
Chi s6 hinh dang
Kh6i lugng trung (g)
Khoi luong vo (%)
DO ddy mang vo (lO-'cm)
% Kh6i luomg long do 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40
74,36'±0,21 73,85''±0,35 48,24' ± 0,29 53,52° ± 0,47 10,06'" ± 0 , 0 6 8,91"''±0,09 3,70'±0,10 2,50" ± 0 , 1 0 32,32'±0,18 34,07" ± 0,26 57,65'" ±0,19
75,37" ±0,21 75,39" ±0,29 50,34'±0,29 56,59'" ± 0,39 11,66" ± 0 , 0 6 8,66'" ±0,08 3,20"" ±0,10 2,30" ±0,10 31,19'"±0,18 33,3l'"±0,21 57,15''±0,19
76,05" ± 0,54 76,29'±0,67 61,37" ± 0 , 7 4 62,32" ±0,89 9,66" ±0,15
9,29" ±0,18 3,20'" ± 0,20 1,20'" ±0,20 26,69' ± 0,45 27,22' ± 0,49 63,65" ±0,48
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRtftWG BAI HOC HONG BtfC - S6 40.2018
Chi s6 Haugh
Gid tri L*
Gia tri a*
Gid tri b*
Do cung vo (kg/cm^) 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60 40 60
57,02' ± 0,27 65,62'" ± 0 , 6 6 56,70'" ± 1 , 0 9 79,12'±0,22 80,82' ± 0,28 -3,71"±0,25 -3,58* ±0,31 12,53" ± 0,28 12,79* ± 0 , 3 6 2,47* ± 0 , 0 6 1,99 ±0,08
58,02'" ± 0 , 2 2 66,33'" ± 0 , 6 7 59,14'" ± 0 , 9 0 87,31''±0,23 87,73*" ± 0 , 2 3 -3,56* ±0,25 -3,51* ±0,25 6,96'" ± 0 , 2 8 6,49'" ± 0 , 2 9 2,28'" ± 0 , 0 6 2,04 ± 0,06
63,48* ±0,51 81,72* ±1,71 78,66* ±2,07 92,47" ±0,58 92,43" ±0,52 -1,28'±0,65 -1,25'±0,58 1,55'±0,73 1,56'±0,68 2,37"'±0,14 2,21 ± 0,15 C Cdc chu cdi khac nhau tren cimg mgt hdng thi
sai khac coy nghia thongke (P<0.05)) Cac ket qua deu ehi ra rang, cac chi tidu vd chdt lupng tning deu bi anh hudng bdi tudi dd Clia ga mdi khi khdi lupng trung cua ga d 60 tuan tudi cao hon khdi lugng tning eua ga de d 40 tuan tudi, trong khi khdi lugng vd, khdi lugng Idng trang va dp day mang vd nhd hon. Ket qua nay tuang tu kdt qua nghidn clhi ciia Anderson va cpng su (2004);
Tumova (2012), vd Robert (2004) theo dd, khdi lugng tning tang khi tudi dd cua ga mai tang, trong khi chi sd ve hinh dang vd dp ciing cua vd tning lai giam.
2.3.2. Anh hu&ng cua mdu sac vd tricng din chdt lugng vd tricng
Tning ciia gd WL, Blue va eon lai duge kidm tra d0 chiu luc bdi may do dd ciing.
Kdt qua th8 hi?n nhu hinh 1 vd bang 2. Ci 40 tudn tudi, kdt qua kidm tra thdy su sai khac ed y nghTa thong kd (P< 0,05) d tning cua ga WL va Blue. Theo dd, tdt cd cdc di6m tac ddng luc (Y2, Y3, Y4) vd s\r bidn dang (X2, X3, X4) vd tning cua ga Blue ddu cao hon gd WL (P<0,05). Di6m ndng sudt sinh hpc Id didm ran mit ddu tien trong dudng cong, hay la diSm ran mit ban ddu trong cdu tnie cua vd tning. Khi tidp ti^c gia tang l\rc tac ddng tai di6m cang phuc hdi vd didm vd ciia tning thi trung cua gd Blue vln thd hi?n cao han tning cua gd WL. Didu nay chiing td tning cua gd Blue cd dd Cling (el) va su co gian cao hon ga WL.
52
T^M* CHI KHOA HQC TRITdNG B^l HQC H 6 N G PlTC - S6 40.2018
Bdng 2. Trung binh binh phirong nhd nhat ciia Ivc tdc dgng vd su biin dang d cac diem trong dircmg cong cua lux tdc ddng vd sy bien d^ng vd trirng cfia trirng gd WL,
Blueva con lai (WL*Blue) (n=30)
Diem nang suat sinh hoc X2(mm)
Y2 (kg!)
Diem cdng phuc hoi X3(mm)
Y3 (kgf)
Diem vd X4(mm)
Y4 (kgf)
He so do cihig' el
e2
Tudn tuoi
40 60 40 60
40 60 40 60
40 60 40 60
40 60 40 60
Gi6ng Blue
M ± S E
0.082" ±0.004 0.044 ±0.003 0.718"± 0.039 0.454 ± 0.039
0.211* ±0.005 0.147'±0.008 0.796* ±0.049 0.518 ±0.042
0.285" ±0.007 0.228' ± 0.039 2.504" ±0.059 1.984 ±0.077
8.535 ± 0.629 8.92l'±1.551 17.556±0.731 17.427±1.254
Blue'«WL M ± S E
0.075" ±0.004 0.043 ± 0.003 0.664"' ± 0.037 0.479 ± 0.033
0.190'±0.005 0.149'±0.006 0.704*' ± 0.046 0.520 ± 0.034
0.259' ± 0.007 0.220' ± 0.033 2.280'±0.056 2.011 ±0.064
8.770 ±0.591 11.373'±1.274 17.396±0.686 16.25O±1.028
WL M ± S E
0.054'±0.012 0.031 ±0.007 0.433'± 0.110 0.459 ± 0.079
0.171'±0.014 0.119*±0.016 0 . 4 8 l ' ± 0 . 1 3 6 0.463 ± 0.083
0.240'±0.018 0.450" ±0.074 2.369"'±0.115 2.211 ±0.146
8.052 ±1.755 19.260"±3.084 16.955±2.038 16.157±2.479 f''Cdc chic cdi khde nhau tren cimg mgt hdng thi sai khde co y nghia thong ke (P<0.05))
lel = 2lz>l,e2 = ^±:>:^
x2~xl x 4 - x 3
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRITdNG BAI HOC HONG BlTC - SO W.ZOIS
Duong cong luc tac dong - su bito dang c i a frung gd o 40 3
2.5
c-
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•I 1
u a-
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0
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Hinh 1. Dirdng cong luc tdc dgng va sir bien dang v6 trirng ciia gd WL, Blue vd con lai (WL*Blue)
Khi so sanh cdc chi tieu chdt lupng tning d cdc kiiu hinh mau sde khac nhau (Bdng 3) thdy rdng % khdi lupng vd cua tning cd mau nau cao ban cdc mau khae, va thap nhdt Id vd tning co mdu xanh (P<0,05) (bang 4). Kit qud ndy tuang Ur vdi kdt qua nghien eiiu cua Jacqueline (2000). Khi ma tning ed mau nau hon thi vd tning cd khuynh hudng day hon va ndng ban so vdi tning c6 vd mdu trang. Ddnh gia dp ciing theo dudng cong eiia lire tac dpng va su bien dang vd tning, chiing ta thdy rdng tning ed vd mau nau ciing ban tning co vd mdu sdng hon (P<0,05) (bang 5). Ket qua ndy tuang ty vdi kit qua nghien ciiu ciia Rolan (1975), Campo va Gil, (1998) vd Jacqueline (2000) khi md tning ed mdu nau thi vd tning thudng ciing hon so vdi tning cd vd mdu sdng do cd sir tdp trung nhidu cdc sde td tao nen mau ciia vd tning. Ddng thdi ciing nhdn manh rdng su gidm sde td trong vd tning cd mdi quan he vdi su tang kich thude, khdi lugng eiia tning.
Bdng 3. Trung binh vd d§ l|ch chudn ( X ± S^ ) cua gia trj L* a* vd b* khi xdc d|nh bdng mdf thirdng mau sde vd trimg khac nhau (n=30)
Mdu Xanh da troi Ndu Xanh Id cdy Xanh 6 liu Maunh?
Trdng
L*
87,20 ± 2,40 78,48 ± 4,75 82,48 ±3,11 77,98 ± 3,65 88,28 ± 1,74 91,71 ± 1,65
a*
-5,09 ±1,80 4,94 ±3,20 -5,99 ±1,32 -4,16±1,37 0,15 ±1,15 -1,15±0,57
b*
2,59 ±2,52 17,48 ±3,87 9,19 ±2,73 14,77 ± 2,64 9,42 ±4,12 2,72 ±2,18
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T^J* CHI KHOA HQC TRU'dNG D ^ HQC HONG DlTC -5040.2018
3. KET LUAN
Khi tudi dd ciia ga mai tang, khdi lupng tning gd tdng, tuy nhien % khdi lugng vd vd dp day mdng vd giam nen dp cung cua tning gidm.
Tning gd Blue (vd mau xanh) cd khdi lugng nhd hon so vdi tning gd White Leghom (vd mau trang), tuy nhidn % khdi lupng Idng dd vd dp ciing vd tning cua ga Blue lai cao hon so vdi ga White Leghom. Tning eua ga lai (WL*Blue) ed mdu ndu the hi$n miic dd tnmg binh vd tinh trang chdt lupng cua bd vd me
Man sac vd trirng ed anh hudng den ehat lupng tning, khi vd tning mdu nau se ed khdi lugng va dp ciing cao hem so vdi vd tning mdu sang.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Anderson, K. E., J. B. Thammgton, P. A, and F. T. Jones (2004), Shell characteristics of eggs from historic strains of single comb White Leghom chicken and the relationship of egg shape of shell strength, J. Poult. Sei. 3: 17-19.
[2] Campo, J. L. and M. G. Gil (1998), Internal inclusions in brown eggs:
relationships withfearfulness and stress, Poult. Sei. 77:1743-1747
[3] Curtis, P. A., F. A. Gardner, and D. B. Mellor (1985), A comparison of selected quality and compositional characteristic of brown and white shell eggs, I. Shell quality. Poult. Sei. 64:297-301.
[4] Hunton, P (1995), Understanding the architecture of the eggshell. World's Poult.
Sei. J. 51:141-147.
[5] Jacqueline P. J, D. M. Richard, and F. B. Mather (2006), The Animal Science Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
[6] Robert, J. R (2004), Factor affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens, J. Poult. Sei. 41:161-177.
[7] Roland, D. A (1976), Recent developments in egg shell quality, Feedstuffs. 48:
31-32.
[8] Solomon, S. E (1991), Egg and Egg Shell Quality, Wolfe Publishing Ltd., London. England
[9] Tona, K., F. Bamehs, B. De Ketelaere, V. Bruggeman, V. M. B. Moraes, J.
Buyse, O. Onagbesan, and E. Deeuypere (2003), Effects of storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality, and chick juvenile growth, Pouh. Sei. 82: 736-741 [10] Tiunova. E., and C. Gouts (2012), Interaction of hen production type, age, and
temperature on laying pattern and egg quality. Poult. Sei. 91: 1269-1275.
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TAP CHl KHOA HOC TRtf6NG B ^ l HQC HONG DlTC - S 6 40.2018
EGG QUALITY AND INFLUENCE OF EGGSHELL COLOR ON EGGSHELL QUALITY IN WHITE LEGHORN (WL), BLUE AND
CROSSBREED OFFSPRING (WL*BLUE) CHICKENS
Do Ngoc Ha, Le Thi Anh Tuyet ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in 3 breeds; White Leghom (WL) chicken had white eggshell. Blue chicken had blue eggshell and their crossbreed offspring (WL*Blue) had brown eggshell at 40 and 60 weeks of age. The results showed that as the hen age increased, their eggs increased in size but decreased in shell weight (%) and shell membrane thickness, therefore, the eggshell breaking strength decreased. Eggs laid by Blue egg shell stock were much smaller with lower Haugh unit than those laid by the commercial White Leghorns. However, their eggs had larger yolk weight (%) and higher eggshell strength when compared with eggs laid by White Leghorn chicken. Comparing eggshell quality of different color phenotypes revealed that eggshell color has a significant effect on eggshell quality. Eggs have darker eggshell and yellow-brown eggshell have higher eggshell breaking strength than the lighter ones.
Keywords: Eggshell color, eggshell quality, egg quality, blue eggshell
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