Tap chi Klioa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So 2/2016
THONG BAO KHOA HOC i
NGHIEN CL tl \ A \ DL^G CAC TIEU C H U A N KY THUAT DE LUA CHON CAC MAU TAU DU LICH CAO TOC CO TINH NANG T 6 T
RESEARCHISG OFBUILDL\G THE TECHMCALSTANDARDS FOR SELECTIO,\
THE MODEL OF HIGH SPEED CKAFTS WITH GOOD NAUTICAL FEATURES
Trdn Gia Thai' Ngdvnhinbai 10 fl :01>. Ngay phan bi^n Ihong qua 13/01/2016. Ngay duy?nlang I5.620I6 TOM T \ T
Bdi bdogi&i ihieii nghten cini xdy dtmg lieu chiicin k\ thiidt diing de phan tich. lira chon mdu tdu cao loc CO tinh ndng tot. hao gdm (i) Tieu chuan ve linh ndng Ihuy dong lire hpc he ,sd chdt luang Ibiiv ddng K. gdc nghieng hdng fi, hoc'inh do trong tdm theo chieu doc tdu XI.L, he so idi trong tinh Cj. chieu ddi Itmng ddi /., goc tdn cua tdu Uu lu&t a vd (ii) Tieu chiidn ve tinh ndng hdng hat gdm on dinh khi lircxt vd dn dinh ngang Kel qua nghien Lini Cling dd .so sanh id lua chon duac cdc mdu tdu du lich cao loc cd tinh ndng tot nhdm phuc vif vi^c thiet ke mdi so mdu tan dn lich mang net vdn hda c ua tmh Khanh Hda
Tir khda tdu du lu h cao tdc. iieu chuan kv lliudl. ddc trung vdn hda cua Khdnh Hda
\BSrR \C T
This paper presents the lesearchiiig lesidi of building the technical standards that been used lo analvze and select the high speed craps wnh good nciiiiical features These .standards include (i) .standards of h\ drodvnamu In drodvnamic ipialitutn e L oefficiem K. dead rise j3. longitudinal c enli e ofgravit}' X(,i, statical had c oelfic lent C, Inngiiiidinal length /. surfing attack angle a. (ii) standard of nautical features: surfing and transversal ^lahilitv Fioni this reseiaching lesult we compared and selected the models of high speed crafi ta design the t niismg boats \uih the c allure dun acteristics of Khanh Hoa province
Ke\ words high speed c raft tec hnical standard, c idliire chaiacteri.stics of Khanh Hau province
I. OAT VAN DE IhOy dpng lyc hpc (hydrodynamic support), do Thiet ke tau du lich ndi chung va tau du hch dd ve mat phu'ong phap, cac cong Irinh nghien cao tdc noi neng la van dd khdng don gian, cuu a ITnh VLFC nay chu yeu dya tren co sd cua VI cd hen quan nhidu ydu to phCrc tap v§ tinh |y thuyet chung ve thiet kd tau, ket hop v6i ly nang nhu- 6n dmh, tdc dd, quay trd, l^c va kha thuyet thuy dong lyc hoc va k4l qua thi> mfl nang chdng dn, chdng rung. Khac vdi nhdm hinh tau trong be thip de tinh toan, thill ke miu tau lam viec du'a tren co sa nguyen ly lyc n6i tau chu^n. Vi \.hk ma a h l u h i t cac nu'ac khdng Archimede thdng thu'ong da bidt, tau cao c6 dilu kien tht> nghiem nhu'nuoc ta hi^n nay, loc thudc nhdm lam viec theo nguyen ly thiet k l m i u tau du hch cao t6cthi^ong bit d^u
' Khoa Ky Ihual giao Ihong - Truang Dai hoc Nha Trang
76 . TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
r
* l ^ k » l i i p , h e o v i k i t c i u . b i trf, ngoai Wnh,
» h nang-. d i dinh hlnh m i u p h i hgip y i u c i u
* r a . Tuy nhlin ft^ic tiRbSo s i t <*o thiy,
* (iwsc ta Win dang c i l * a nhiiu mSa tau
< i u » « o tfc khac nhau, do do v i n a i dat ra
»,cSn>i*.tl§u chuin aanh gia augcmSu tau ,eaQ.»c c8 tfnh nang t i l , a p h i hop ygu c i u A t t a c h hang_nhim giup cac doanh nghiSp Isra (*9n djnh huftng phat t n i n dai han san SSjm oSa ralnh.
•j:.
I^RHUKWIG PHAp, NOI DUNG VA PHAM VI NgHlgN c f n j
W i i l M t phuwng phip, bai toan nay se aWCiglii quyit trSn co sft van dung nhftng kit qui (? thuyit a a c i d i xay dftng cac chitieu kp thu«t lam CO sft so sanh, chpn Ifta cac m i u ttu phi hpip ySu c i u dat ra. R6 rang d i d i n h gii chit luping k f thuat c i a tau cao t i c cy t h i phSI dfta vao hang loat dai luyng k? thuat da irlnh bay eg t h i trong tai lieu viit v i tau cao t i c (1.21 trong a i khac vfti loai tau hoat dpng theo nguyin 1;^ lire a i y Archimedes thing thu*ng M g thai chuyin a i n g chinh c i a tau cao t i t !
¥ B Iftftt lr»n m j t nftftc. Do d i d i l vfti tau oao t i c ChT chpn cac dai lutrng c i anh hu«ng W i l ainh nhit d i n chit lugng ky thuit la cic aai Iftimg phj. thuic c h i a i chay, tftc phu t t a i a p i tn- s i Froude t h i tich, dinh nghTa theo
"Sno ihiJc:
l r o n 8 d i : V - t 6 c d i t a u ( m / s ) , 4 - luvngchlim TO* c i a t i u (tin), g = 9.81 - gia t i c tn,ng tnpftng (m/s»)
O i n cac dai luong khac hoSc khing c i i n h huftng nao hoac c i anh huftng l i t It thi s i khing d i d p d i n trong n i l dung aanh g l i m i chi luvng h o i gH tr| t i l uu hojc dat )«u c i u tftng sau chuin k j thuit tuong ftng.
So 2/2016 Do N i n nay chua Hiiy c i m i t tai Iiiu ky thuit nao trtnh bay phiromg phap dinh luvng d i dSnh gH chit luvng ky thuat cua cac tau cao t i c n i n bai bao trtnh bay phuvng phap dufti day xem nhu phuong phap tham chiiu. Vfti each dat v i n d i nhu t h i , trong bai bao nay se trtnh bay cac n i l dung chinh sau.
Jay dung cac fiSu chuin ky thuat d i danh gia cac m i u tau du lich cao t i c v i Composite.
Lua chon m i u tau c i tinh nang t i t trong cac m i u tau du l|ch boat d i n g ft vung b l i n Nha Trang dfta tren cac tieu chuin aa xSy dung.
III. K £ T QUA NGHIEN COU
1. Xay d i m g cac Heu c h u i n kinh l i - k f t h u i t Nhu da nSu, khac vfti cac loai tau thing thirftng, ao t i u cao t i c hoat i p n g c h i y i u ft o h i a i -luftr nhft luc nang thiy aong n6n khai nijm chit luvng ky thu$t cua tau cao t i c i u v c hiiu vfti hai khai niem c i > nghia khac nhau g i n nhu a i l l^p hoan toan vfti nhau la tinh nang thiy a i n g hoc va tinh nang hang hai ciJa tau[2j
1.1. Cac Iiiu chuin vi tinh ning thiy dfng (a) H i s i chit luvng thiy a i n g K
^Tlieo i f thuyit thuy d i n g luc hpc t i m phang luftt t r i n mat nuftc, h i s i chit luvng W y d i n g K t h i hiin m i l quan h i gifta luc nang P^ va luc can l o i n p h l n P, (hay R) [2,3J, xac dinh nhu sau:
••x R (2)
trong a i luu f : a - luvng chiim nuftc c i a tau (KG), R - sftc can v i tau (KG)
Trong thuc t i . tau day phing la loai phuong t i i n c i tinh nang hang hai thip nen de giam bftt hi^n tuvng than tau va dSp vao sing, thuftng lam cac mat d t ngang day tau goo nghiang h6ng (g6c vat) p nao d i [2 3]
Tuy nhiin khi d i gia n h i s i K c i a tau giam so v*i t i m phing nan i n h huftng tinh nang nhit
TRUONG DAI HQC NHA TRANG . 77
Tap chi Kiioa Iwc - Cong nghe Tluiy scin So 2/2016
la su'c can tau. Tif do cd t h i hilu khai mem
"chit lu-ong thuy ddng" ciJa tau cao toe theo nghia, tau co lu'ong chilm nu'O'c khi noi tren nude tTnh cd dmh, trang b\ may chinh cd cdng suit N, hay cdn du'oc ky hieu la BHP nhit dmh, dam bao tau cd t h i dat tdc dp Idn nhit, vdi gia tri he so K cao nhit, tu'ong Cpng gdc vat day [3 nao dd cua tau Do dd chi xac dinh va so sanh gia tri he sd K cua cac m i u tau cao tdc tuong irng vdi gdc nghieng p cu t h i . tuc ia so sanh cac tau cao tdc cd cung cong nang va vung hoat ddng gidng nhau vdi gia tn p g i n giong nhau. Y nghia vat Iy ciJa he sd K cung trung vd'i thuc te, bdi vi tu cdng thu'c (2) cd the nhan thay, khi so sanh cac mau tau cao toe cd cung cdng dung va dp vat day gan nhu nhau thi t&u nao cd SLPC can vd tau R thip nhat (hoac cung cdng suit may nhu'ng toe dp cao nhit) chinh la m i u cd he so chit lugng thuy ddng K Idn nhat Cung tu cdng thuc (2) nhan thay, d l tinh du'oc gia tn he sd K cua tau cao tdc, can xac dmh dup'c sue can R Tuy nhien thyc te thud'ng khdng cd du so lieu thii md hinh xac djnh si>c can R(KG) nen cd the xac dmh SLFC can cua tau thdng qua xac dinh cdng suat dpng co BHP (ml) Iheo cdng thuc tong quat:
EHP ^ RV _ 75nBHP 75ii 75TI ^ V trong dd' EHP - cdng suit keo cd ich, tue cdng can thiet khac phuc SLCC can R day tau chuyen dpng,ml
ri - hipu suit tong hp'p, tj'nh Sen eac hao Ion khi truyen cdng suat tu ddng co den chan vit
BHP = (3)
vd'i ri^„, HCRIS" I'J'P^ la ^lieu suat chan vit vS hi§u suat CO khi.
Vd'i nhom tau cao t i c . co t h i lay gia trj trung binh cua cac hi$u suit ndi tren la {]^ - 0,55, ri<;„= 0.93. Thay e^c gi^ trj nay vao cdng thuc (2) va (3) nhan du'p'c cdng thuc tinh he so K nhu' sau:
0.026AV -(4) K = -
R 75x0.55x0.93 , - B H P BHP (b) Gdc nghieng hdng p
Gdc nghieng hdng (hay gdc nghieng day tau) tai mat cIt ngang giOa tao nen hinh d^ng cac mat cIt ngang 6 day va thay d l i suit chieu dai tau cao toe (hinh 1). Cac tai lieu deu xem P la thdng so nang cao tinh nang hang hai cua tau cao toe, vd'i hinh dang cua mat elt giCra thud'ng cd dang uon cong a khuc ludn gay gdc. Tuy nhien, anh hu'O'ng cua gdc nghieng P d i n SU'C can cua tau cao toe ia phirc tgp.
K i t qua thi> md hinh cho thay, mau tau cao toe ed si>c can tren nuoc tTnh nhd nhit ci goc nghieng hdng toi u-u p^^, = (14 + 16)° d gi^
tn s l Fr, = (2.5 -^ 4 5) [1, 2], Ht^u qu^ giam si>c can theo quan he A/R rut tu thyc t l lh6ng k§
cho trong bang 1.
Hinh 1, G6c nghieng hong t^u h Bang 1. Anh hu'O'ng cua goc nghieng hong d i n h^ so chat lu^ng K [2, 3]
Goc nghieng hong p (do) H e SO K - i / R
10 8 5
20 6 3
30 5.0
78 . TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
i ' ; «;«taanh d i tnpng B m tUTOB d i l theo * a u d p c t i u S n
Vi W hoanh a? trpng ,9m theo chiiu doc t i u ) ( » au(re dinh nghia la t f s i giua hoanh d i
«»>? tam X,, va chiiu dai twit i ^ i^cia tau
Ote nghiin cuu cho thiy, s u thay d i i
»l « tdpng tam tau theo chiiu dai anh M»*ng Iftn d i n sftc can tau R, tft d i i n h huftng d i n h i s i chat lupng K, cu t h i nhu s i u p .
d t i c dp n h i va tnmg binh (Fr, < 2.5), do sftsjdn d u oNem p h i n Iftn trong sftc can toan m Ci5t ^u cao t i c nSn v i i c dl chuyin trang
» n ! ! . v i phfa m i l se giSm sftc cSn do glim goc nghiing dpc.
0 t i c d i cao (Fr, > 2.5), do sftc can ma s i t r t i i i m uu t h i nen n i u dich chuyin x^ v i fihla duii sS thujn Ifti cho sftc can hon, vi khi Oi chiiu d i i b| t h i m nuftc c i a tSu giam xuing nSn giira du(rc sftc can ma sat, d i n d i n lam giftn sftc c i n toan p h i n c i a tau.
,, K i t q u i nghiin cftu c i a chuySn gia Nga cho thiy, gia tii XOL t i i uu trong pham vi
? . 5 < F r , < 4 . 5 l a [ 2 1 :
(XGt)„ = (0.37 + 0.41) TIlUc t i cho thiy, h i u h i t cac m i u tau cao KSc hiin nay d i u dat duyc gia tri t i i uu t r i n . (d) H$ s i t i l tnpng tTnh C^
W s i tai trpng tinh C, duoc dinh nghia theo c i n g thi>c:
C - ^
t » n g d i : B , - chiiu ring thiit k i c i a tau (m), y - k h i i luprng n i n g c i a nuftc (tin/m')
Anh huftng cua h i s i tai trpng tfnh C, d i n chit lupng thuy a i n g c i a lau cao t i c nhu sau (2,3).
Si 2/2016 fif che dp toe d i nho va trung binh (Fr, < 2.5), sue can d u chiem phan chinh cua sftc can loan bp va h i s i i = LJB^ anh huftng quyit (Snh sftc can tau (L„. B. - chiiu dai, chiiu
• i n g duftng g i y khic) N i u k giam, tftc 4 va C, tang thi sftc c i n d u t i n g l i n , k i m theo hiSn tueng gdc nghiang dpc a cua tau cao t i c tang l i n theo.
O c h i d i t i c dp cao (che d i luftt Fr^ < 2.5), g i c nghieng dpc cua tau cao t i c bj giam dang k i va thanh p h i n sftc can ma sat chiim t* l« Iftn trong sftc can toan b i c i a tau.
Khi giam gia trj h i s i C, ty le sue can ma sat va sftc can toan bp tang ft t i c d i Fr. = const.
Bleu d i xay ra ft c h i d i luot.
K i t qua nghiin cftu cua cac nha khoa hpc cho thiy:
C ^ r U i 0.45 khi Fr„> 2.5 V i m a t l ^ t h u y i t , g i a t r i t i i u i i c i a h i s i ( C , ) tang t u (0.45 • 0.75) khi gia trj s i Fr, = (2.6°!
4.5). D i dat duoc yau c i u nay, c i n tang lupng chiim nuftc 4 va g l i m bftt chiiu ring thiit k i B, c i a tau dang xat. Tuy nhiin khi chpn chiiu -ing tau cao tic, ngufti thiit k i phii c i gIng dam b i o sao cho chiiu rpng B, khing n h i hon gia tii t i i thiiu B „ d i tranh tnrong hpp m i t i n dinh ngang se trinh bSy ft phin sau va h i s i C, > 0.45 khi gia tr| s i Frpude cua tau cap t i c thuc t i Fr^ > 2.5.
(e) Chiiu dai tuong d i l k
Chiiu dai tuong d i i A cua tau cao t i c dupe djnh nghTa theo cong thftc
B S PI trong do: I - chiiu dai dufti nuftc c i a tau khi l u « . m : s - dien Bch mat uftt cua tau, m'
TRlraNG OAI HOC NHA TRANG . 79
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nglie Thuy san S6 2/2016
Trong tinh toan con thud'ng su dung gia tn nquoc
Nhu da de cap, anh hud'ng cua nhO'ng tham so Xci va C^ din su'C can tau cao tdc kha rd nen can dac biet chu y chon cac tham sd hinh hpc khac nhw X. Ve nguyen tac, mudn danh gia anh hi/dng cita gia tn tham sd hinh hoc ndi tren din SLFC can cua tau cao tdc thi can phai gia dmh gia tn cac dai lu'ong Xoi va C.^
khdng doi. Si> dung thuat toan tdi uu, k i t hp'p vd'i kit qua thu nghiem hang loat nh&ng m i u tau cao tdc, eac chuyen gia Nga da cho ra k i t qua toi uu cua tham sd A phy thudc gia tn sd Fr^dudi dang ham X^^^ = f(FrJ kha phuc tap, cu the nhu* sau [2, 4]-
2 50 < Fr^ < 3 50 - gia th toi u'u X^^^ giam rd rdt
Bang 2, Anh hu'O'ng ciia goc
3.25 < Fr^ < 3.75 - gia trj X^^ gan nhif khdng doi va CO gi^ tn X^ , = (5 0 -^ 5,5}
Fr^ > 3.75 - gia tri X ^ tang theo (f) Gdc t i n cua tau cao toe khi lu-d-t a
Gdc t i n a cua cac tau cao toe dLFOC hieu 1^
goc nghieng dpc cua than tau so vd'i phuong cua ddng chay, Nha khoa hoc Zottorf da tien hanh thyc nghiem xac dinh anh huong cac yeu to den gia tn K cua lam phang cd gdc nghieng hdng p 6' gia th C.^ a khae nhau v^
rut ra anh huong cua p d i n goc tan t6i u'u
•J,, p . 4]:
- Goc tan toi u'u cua t i m dat nghieng Idn hon cua t i m dat ngang kha nhieu Vi dy, ung vdi gdc nghieng p = 20° ed goc tan toi LFU ''DPI "^ 4.3° (bang 2), trong khi dd doi vdt tam phang thi a^^, = (2 - 3)°
nghieng den goc tan toi ipu Goc ngiiieng p (dp)
Goc tan toi uu a^, (dp)
0 5
3 2 10 3 5
15 3.8
20 4.3
25 4.9
30 5.5
40 6.0 - Anh hu-dng dang ke cua gdc nghieng
hdng la khi tang goc p thi he sd chat luong K se giam xuong Khi p < 10°, gia tn he so K giam khong dang ke (< 6%), it phu thude p nhung phy thupc nhieu vao a Tiep tuc tang p, he sd K giam ro ret nhung vdi a ion, viec chon gia tn gdc tan toi u'u a^^, cua tim phang luo't se khdng cd y nghTa gi Vi du khi p = 40°, h^ so K ed gia tp gan nhu- khdng doi K = 4 va khdng doi khi o - 4° hay a = 10". Con mpt thuc te nCra la d' gdc p Idn, khoang tren 40°, trong pham VI tic dd thuc t l ma eac tau co nay khai thac, khd dua phuong tien nay sang che dp lud't vi dp vat day tang se iam tang khoang thdi gian d l tau chuyen sang che dd lu'di.
1.2 Cac tiiu chu^n ve tinh n§ng dl bien (hay tinh nSng hang hat)
Tinh dl blln, hilu theo nghTa rOng Id lo^n bp tinh nang dam bao an toan va kha nSng su dung tau trong khai thac nhu* tinh nil, In dmh, an lai, dp phu sdng..., cdn theo nghTa hep la tinh trang tau khi chgy tr6n sdng. TSu cd tinh dl blln tot, thud'ng xac dinh bing cSch thLK md hinh trong be thu hay thu tau th|t, nlu tau l^c em, va dap song nh? va mui khdng chui vao sdng, dam b^o on dinh hud'ng vd 6n djnh ngang khi gap sdng duoi. Cho din nay, cac nha khoa hpc van chua dua ra dgi lu'p'ng nao d l danh gia tinh nang hang h^i t^u cao toe, ngoai tinh on djnh cua tau khi ludi v^ In djnh ngang.
HO . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
•" ' ^ * * " « ° t i o i , ! m * i n ainh-kht luftt -
* " ^ ^ f " « ' « " 'fl"H «9n9 dpp c i a d a t y i n
I ,; f ^ ft,ta. lai - than tau « nang lan bfti cac
, p ! ^ m h khi than tau bi va d i p vap mat n u i p t h p p phuong a ^ p,, B „ t j , ^ . ^-^
Chuyin dpng khong i n ainh vfti d i l i e d i u Bin tuc c i tinh cim k f quanh ttuc ngang »a (iii) va Sip d i y d u i i vao mst nuftc - x u i t hiSn cao luc khi day d u i i tau bJ d i p vao n u * c lam cho i l i y tau Cham vao mat nuftc c i chu k> va g i o nghiing dpc c i a t i u h i u nhu khing a i i Ngpai ra,*aucapticcinxayra h i i n tupng dac d i n g Delflnela h i i n t u p n g chuyin dpng k h i n g i n
* h , k i m h i i n tupng l i e nha c i chu ky xung quanh tmcngang Oy va thhh thoing b l i n a i Ifc c i a t i u lattang l i n . Khi d i r i t dS x i y ra Win tupng tai nan l i tau cao toe sS bj -bay ra khil mSt nuftc v i dam d i u xuing nuftc. Tuy n h i i n h i i n chua c i t l i u chuin k? thuit danh flii cac.hlin tupng t r i n , ngoai trft t l i u chuin Schlplz d i n g danh g i i tinh i n dinh khi tau cap t6c ft c h i d i luftt thee v| t n tn,ng tam thep
* f a ring t i u 5te = X , ^ B . . Thep tl6u chuin n4y. t i u cap tiSc dang xat c h i c chin la i n djnh ft c h i ao luftt n i u g l i fl X.. thuc ,^ oaa ^ u Wiihg h h i fen 1.25 hcac gia tri t i i thiiu x . - . tfnh tft cing thftc c i a Schtplz nhu sau (3,4]:
Siuib = 0.017P+0.85 8 ) ' t i n s d i P (ft,p,c tinh thep c i n g thftc:
' _ 0.628a
(b) On d|nh ngang
T i u cap t i c n i u nhu thiiu i n dinh ngang W chsy h i n h trinh c i t h i x i y ra hiin tupng lie lu tft man nay sang man Wa, Ireng nhiiu l r s * n g hpp c i t h i l i t ngang khi chay v i n g ao ra d i p day d u i i t i u v i o m i t nufto. B i & , ajnh
So 2/2016 ngang cua cae tau oao t i c khi chuyin a i n g sS phu thuic v t e chiiu r i n g cua di«n tich mat luftt. hlnh c^ng t ^ c mat c i t ngang day, cao d i trpng ISm S u 2,, va danh gia qua t l i u chf chiiu r i n g t i i thiiu B... CM t h i , tau cao t i c dam bao i n djnh ngang n i u c i chiiu ring thiit k i B , Iftn hon chiiu rpng t i l thiiu B„^tlnh theo c i n g thftc:
i - lupng chiim nuftc tau tinh b i n g kG;
P - g i o nghiing hing, tinh bang dp 1.3. Cac mu chuin vi trong lugng ning vi Itlch thudc chi yiu cia tiu
(a) Trpng lupng v i tau P
Tnpng lupng c i a phin v i P.chiim «1$ Iftn trong cac thanh p h i n c i a lupng chiim nuftc A - dai lupng cd anh huftng Iftn d i n h i s i chit lupng K cua tau cap t i c . Thep s i i i i u thing k i t i c a c t a u c a o t i c d a k h a p s a t C6 t h i nhin c i c s i Iiiu sau 13):
- B i l vfti t i u cap t i c c i mul x i p : f - = ( 0 . 3 2 * 0 . 4 9 ) h a y i j = (42«6e)kg/m3 (tr 1$ n i y ft cac nuftc khic la (25 * 45) kg/m')
- o i l vfti tau cao t i c c i cabin cftng
« , . ^ ° ' ° ' ' ° * ° ° ° " " ' ' S 5 = ( M - 1 3 2 ) k g / m » (tl 1$ nay o cac nuftc khac la (45 * 60) kg/m') vfti L, B. D l i n lupt la chiiu dai, chiiu rpng va chiiu cac c i a tau, m
B i i u nay c i nghia la sp vfti cac tau cap t i c nuftc ngcai c i n g co va c i n g nang, cac tSu cap t i c thiit k i va c h i tac trong nuftc c i gia tri h i s i K nhft hon, tftc t i c dO tau thip hon khi cing s u i t may khing a i i hoic c i c i n g suit may Iftn hon khi chay c i n g t i c d i .
(b) T^ 1$ cac kich thuftc
TJ l# cac kich thuftc anh huftng kha Iftn d i n lOc tinh nang cua t i u n i l chung vi tau cao t i c n i l nang. V i ly thuyit, c i t h i dinh
reueiNGD^I HOC NHA TRANG . 81
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san
huong lua chon gia tn ty le giOa chieu dai - chilu rong thiet k l L,/B^^ va ty le giOa chieu dai va chieu cao man D cua cac tau cao t i c theo cac cdng thuc thing ke da bilt sau:
• ^ = ( 0 . 1 L ^ + 2.3) + 0.25 (11)
D (12)
trong cdng thuc tren a la he sd dac trung cho gio'i han ty sd L,^/D thu'C te a chilu dai da co, xac dmh nhu sau
a = 3 0 ^ 6 0 - cand chay sdng, ho cd cong dung khae nhau vd'i ehieu dat (3 - 8) m
a = 2.0 - 3 5 - cand chay bien cd ket c^u boong ho' khdng cd budng d, chilu dai ( 8 - 1 2 ) m ,
a - 0 5 - ^ 1 . 0 - tau eao tde chay bien cho' khach cd k i t cau thuong tang, chilu dai (11-17)m
Dieu luu y la gia tn cac ty le kich thudc tinh theo cdng thuc tren chi mang tmh tham khao, khuyen cao vi trong nhu'ng dieu kien cy the, gia tn tinh chon theo nh&ng cdng thu'c nay chua chic la eac gia En tot nhit do can phai tinh d i n hang loat y l u to cd lien quan nhu toe dp, quay tro, hinh dang, hoanh do trong tam tau Vi du, vd'i tau cao toe ed chilu dai thiet k l Lj^ ^ 5.0 m, chay o' toe dd 10 m/s (19 hl/h), ti le L|/B,^ = 2.5, nhung cung vdi tau cao tdc tren day, neu muon tang tdc do len d i n 14 m/s (27 hl/h) thi ti le L,^/B,^ -* 3.0 Do dd theo chiing tdi, each lua chpn gia tn cac ty le kich thu'dc tot nhat cho mdt mau tau cao tdc nao dd la chon lua phu hop vd'i cdng nang cua tau va cd gia tn he sd chit luong K Ion nhlt.
2 Phan tich va lya chon cac m i u tau du lich vd Composite khao sat
De phan tieh, lua chon m i u tau cao toe phu hop, Chung tdi da khao sat 16 cand va tau cao
tdc dang hoat dpng cr viing vmh Nha Trang.
gdm CO 12 m i u duac thiet ke va che tgo trong nu'd'c va 4 m i u nhip ngogi, va tiln hanh cac tinh toan can thiet de so sanh, danh gia cdc m i u tau nay dya tren cac coso' sau [1]:
- Dij lipu c i n thiet doi vd'i tap hp'p tau khao sat gom cac kich thuoc hinh hpc. trpng lu'p'ng phan vd, trpng \uqing va cdng suit cita dpng CO, toe dd tau chay thyc t l , vj tri trpng tam tau...
- Cac tieu chuan ky lhu§t doi vd'i tau cao tdc CO toe do nam trong pham vi so Fr^> 2,5 dimg phan tich va danh gia bao gom 3 nhdm tieu chuan chinh (i) tieu chuan tinh nang thuy dpng hpc, (ii) tieu chuin tinh nang hang hai va {ill) tieu chuin ve trgng luyng vd, hinh hpc mang tfnh thing ke - khuyin cao.
Tuy nhien trong cac ti6u chi neu tren, tieu chuan ky thuat quan trpng nhat la h? so chlit luong thuy ddng K vi phan tieh ly thuyet va thyc t l cho thay eac tieu chuan khac tryc tilp hoac gian tiep anh hudng den he so K. Theo quan dilm nay, de thuan lgi trong danh gia vh so sanh cac tau theo cac tieu chuan ky thu$t neu tr§n, ehi lya chon cac tau cd K > 5,5 va tuy mu'C dd anh huong cd the tinh e^e tieu chuin theo so diem nhu sau'
He so K = (5.5 - 6 5)' K = 3 diem;
K = (6.5 - 7.5), K = 4 diem, K > 7.5 - K = 5 diem.
Cac thdng so ky thuat khac - 2 diem Cae thdng s l ve trpng lup'ng v6, hinh hpc - 1 diem
Bang 2 la ket qua khao sSl thdng s6 ky thuat cua cac mSu lau du Ijch cao toe dang hoat ddng d' vung Vjnh Nha Trang. Bang 3 1^
ket qua tinh toan cac thdng so cua cac miu tiiu du hch cao toe khao sat.
S2 . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
So 2/2016
IfUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG . 8
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn
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S4 . TRUONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
So 2/2016
TfMntS DAI HOC NHA TKANG • 85
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thiiy siin So 2/2016 IV. KET LUAN
1. Kit qua nghien cii'u da xay dung du'p'c cac tieu chuin ky thuat de phan tich, lua chon miu tau cao tdc eo tinh nang tot, gom ed nhdm cac tieu chuin v l tinh nang thuy ddng luc hpc nhu' he sd chit luong thiiy dpng K, goc nghieng hdng p, hoanh dd trong tam theo chilu doe tau Xoi, he sd tai trpng tinh C^ chieu dai tuong ddi /, gde t i n ciia tau khi \ual a va nhdm eac tieu chuin v l tinh nang hang hai nhu tieu chuan v l on dinh khi luot va on dinh ngang.
2. v l mat ly thuyit, K la he sd danh gia tdng hop chit lup'ng thuy ddng quan trong nhit cua tau cao tic, vdi gia tri dinh lugng idn nhat K^3, - 8 5 , 6.3 , 5 0 irng vd'i tau co gdc nghieng day (3=10", 20°; 30° TLF k i t qua tinh trong bang 3 cd t h i rut ra 6 m i u tau so 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,11 cd he sd K cao nhat (K > 6.0), dat gia trj
bang {80 - 90)% gia tri K ^ (theo ly thuyet) irng vd'i he so goc nghieng d^y p = (10 - 20)°.
NOI each khac, cd the nhan dmh 6 mau tau noi tren la nhu'ng m i u cd tinh nang thuy dpng hpc tdt nhit trong sd 16 m i u tau cao toe dang ho^t dpng 6' viing vmh Nha Trang da du'p'c chon lya d l phan tich. Rieng eac m i u so 15, 16 tuy c6 gia tn he sd K Id'n nhit nhung khdng phai la l^u cao tdc do so Fr nho. Neu tinh d i n ca 06 tieu chuan ky thuat cd hen quan den viec danh gia cac tinh nang thiiy dgng hpc va 02 lieu chuan lien quan den phan tich cac tinh nang hang hai thi cac m i u dat yeu cau theo cac chf tieu tu'ong ipng dugc neu 6' bang 4, trong dd co bo sung them 3 m i u 10, 12, 13 la nhCrng miu tau cao toe tu'ong doi dat yeu cau vd'i gia trj h$
so K > 5 5 de cac co sd' san xuat cd t h i tham khao phat trien thSm.
Bang 4. Ket qua phan tJch, chpn lya cac miu tau cao toe dang hoat dong o- viing vjnh Nha Trang CO tinh nang ky thuat tot va cong nang su" dung hop (y
^^^^^Jieu chuan ky thuat Mau tau cao loc ^ . ^ ^
9(K = 7 98) 4(K = 6 84) 6(K = 6 73) 5(K =6.52) 8(K = 6 52) 11 (K = 6 36) 10 (K =5.90) 13 (K = 5 73) 12 (K = 5.70)
Tinh nang thuy dong hpc K
5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3
K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
X.:
0 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 0
c.
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
'.,,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
".„
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
? 2
Tinh nan X.,i
2 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
hang hai B^ln
0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Thong so hinh hpc cua P,
1 1 1 1 1 I 1 0 0
L„/B^
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
tiu cao toe L,./D
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Diem 15 14 14 14 14 14 13 11 12 Viec xep hang mit'c chit luong ky thuat
cua eac tau cao toe khao sat la dua tren eo sd cac tieu chuan ky thuat thill lap dua theo con dudng ly thuyit, k i t hop voi nhCfng danh gia thyc te ciia nhdm khao sat M i u tau eao tic cd tinh nang tot nhit trong 16 m i u dang phan tich chinh la m i u sd 9 va cac m i u 4, 6 Cae mSu nay cd tinh on dinh hudng khi lu'dt va tfnh quay trd lit, dong thoi il bi va dap vao mat
i M H i t TII\M K l l \ 0
Tran Gia Thai (2015), Ngliien ciiu thiet ki mot s6 m nghien cim khoa hoc cap Tinh
Tr^n Gia Thai (2015), Thiei ke t;
cmi thiel ke moi so man lau du h 3 Tran C ong Nghi (2005). Thiei ke 4 Vaganov,\ M (2008). Thi
sdng. Cae m i u con lai khi chay thu' nghiem thu'c t l nhan thiy bi va dap vao sdng v^ bj lie ngang kha nhieu. Vi the ma kit qua phan tich va chon lya cac m i u lau cao toe cd tinh nSng lot trinh bay trong bang 4 tuy khong dya hoSn loan vao eo sd ly thuyit mang tinh djnh ^{^ng rd rang nhu'ng cung kha chinh xac v^ khdng c6 mau thuan giira ly thuyet vd'i thuc te ebl tgo vd thir nghiem cac mau nay
u tau du hch mang net van hoa i ;ua Unh Khanh Hoa, Detai khoa hpc cap Unh Nghien u cao toe, Tai lieu vjel kcm iheo dc tai nghiei
•h mang net van hoa ciia tmh Khanh Hoa
au c& nho chay nhanh, NXB Dai hgc Qu6c gia thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
cao toe (ban ti^ng Nga), NXB Dong tau. Leningrad.
Peler du Cane (1973). High-speed small crafi, John de GrafF Inc., N.Y.
86 • TRLfONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG
