TAP CHl KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 TY L E VA C A C BIEU HIEN L A M SANG CUA M O T SO ROI L O A N T A M T H A N C U A C 6 N G N H A N TAI K H U C 6 N G N G H I E P B I E N H O A 2
TkS. Li Minh Cong'
T6M TAT
MiAc dich cda nghiin ciru ndy Id xdc dinh ty le vd bieu hien ldm sdng cita mgt sd rdi logn tdm thdn cua cdng nhdn tgi Khu cong nghiep Bien Hda 2. Su dung eong thuc tinh cd mdu cho thdy mdu nghien cuu Id 840 cdng nhdn vd phuangphdp phdn tdng de phdn tich kich ca mdu theo timg nhdm ddi tuang cdng nhdn. Phuangphdp nghien cieu su dung bao gom: Phuang phdp trdc nghiim tdm ly, Phuang phdp phdng vdn ldm sdng dira trin Bg tiiu chudn chdn dodn ICD — 10, Phuang phdp khdo sdt Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdyty liroi logn tdm thdn cua cdng nhdn la 14,29%, trong do da phdn Id trdm cdm, suy nhuac thdn kinh vd rdi logn gidc ngu, cd rdt it cdng nhdn rdi logn lo du. Da sd cdng nhdn roi logn tdm thdn Id nam gidi, a liea tudi thanh nien, cd trinh do hgc vdn thdp, chu yiu ldm trong nghi may mac, diin, diin tie, vd thuc phdm vd cd it kinh nghiem ldm viec. Cdc biiu hiin cita cdng nhdn roi logn tdm thdn chit yeu lien quan den trdm cdm vd stress.
Tir khoa: Roi logn tdm thdn, trdm cdm, suy nhugc, roi logn gidc ngu, cdng nhdn, khu cdng nghiip Biin Hda 2
1. Dat van de
Trong nhiing nam qua, thyc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi eiia Dang va Nha nudc, Ddng Nai da kip thdi nam bat van hdi mdi, khai thac van dung tiem nang, lgi thi d dia phuong, tich cue thu hiit dau tu trong va ngoai nudc, day manh san xuat kinh doanh, phat trien cdng nghiep, dieh vu, ndng nghiep, giai quyet viec lam, chuyin dich co cau kinh te theo hudng cdng nghiep - dieh vu - ndng nghiep, tao nen kinh te lien tye phat trien vdi tdc do cao.
Song song vdi viec phat trien kinh te eiia tinh nha, ddi ngii edng nhan lao ddng (CNLD) d Ddng Nai ciing phat trien kha nhanh, cd nhieu bien dgng d cae thanh phdn kinh t l tang nhanh d cac doanh nghiep tu nhan, doanh nghiep cd vdn ddu tu nudc ngoai va giam trong cac doanh nghiep nha nudc. Hien nay, toan tinh Dong Nai ed khoang hon 30 khu ' Tnrong Dai hoc KHXH & NV Tp. H6 Chi Minh <;,
cdng nghiep, hon 420 ngan cdng nhan.
Da sd cdng nhan, ngudi lao ddng tai eae khu cdng nghiep la dan nhap cu tu nhieu tinh tbanh tten ca nudc. Che do luang, dieu kien lam viec, thieu thdn vat ehat, nha d,... tao cho ddi sdng cua ngudi cdng nhan gap rat nhieu khd khan.
Trong thdi gian qua, cac cap nganh tai Ddng Nai da cd gang rat nhieu frong viec nang cao ddi sdng cua ngudi cdng nhan. Tuy nhien, van cdn nhieu van de dang dat ra can phai giai quyet nham giup ngudi cdng nhan cd mgt cugc sdng thoai mai ea ve vat chat lan tinh than, giiip hg an tam cdng tac va cd the dinh cu lau dai.
Trong thdi gian qua, tai khoa kham benh ciia Benh vien Tam than tmng ucmg 2, chiing tdi ghi nhan cd sy gia tang ngudi benh den kham la cdng nhan tai cac khu cdng nghiep. Rat rihieu tinh frang rdi loan tam than nhu fram
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DON(J NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSJN ZJD^-l'+BZ cam, lo au, rdi loan dang co the, sttess,
loan than,... ma ngudi edng nhan thudng mde phai. Nam 2006, ehiing tdi cd hien khai mgt d l tai nghien eiiu cdp ca sd va cho thdy kit qua cd khoang 20 - 25%
cdng nhan nu tai cac khu cdng nghiep d TP. Bien Hoa ed roi loan hdn hgp lo au va tt^ cam, cao hem nhieu so vdi cac cgng ddng khae. Tuy nhien, cd mgt thyc trang la da sd ngudi cdng nhan khdng dii tiln de kham va dieu tri diing phac do, do do tmh frang benh tat n^ay eang nang va gia tang lam eho ddi sdng eiia hg cang khd khan hon. Ddng thdi vdi do la viec ngudi cdng nhan ciing nhu ngudi quan ly lao ddng khdng cd nhieu hieu biet de phdng ngira vdi tinh ttang rdi loan tam than. Dieu dd cbo thay ty le rdi loan tam than d cdng nhan ngay tang eao.
Vi thyc te do, chiing tdi trien khai de tai nghien eiiu "Xac dinh ty le va cac bieu hien Iam sang eua mdt sd rdi loan tam thdn cua cdng nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai", vdi cac muc tieu cu thg sau:
- Xae dinh ty le mgt sd rdi loan tam than (ttam cam, lo au, suy nhugc, rdi loan gidc ngii) cua cdng nhan tai Khu edng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai.
- Nghien eiiu cac bieu hien lam sang cua mdt sd rdi loan tam than d cdng nhan.
2. Ve phuong phap nghien ciru 2.1. Mdu nghien cwu La cdng nhan dang lam viec tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai.
Chiing tdi su dyng edng tbiic tinh ed mau nghien ciiu
N^ ^^pt^
Trong dd:
N: Cd mau
Z: He sd gidi ban tin cay.
p: Ty le udc doan cua quan the (nghien eiiu trade dd eiia Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tien (2006 - 2007) fren khach the 1^ cdng nhan dau khi cho thdy rdi loan thdn kinh ehirc nang la la 65%),
q = 1-p d: sai sd 5% (d = 0,05).
(1,96)^0,65x0 35 ^ ^
" (0,65x 0,05)'
Nhu vay, kich cd mau nghien cuu chiing tdi lya chgn la 840 ddi tugng.
Chung tdi xae dinh mau nghien ciiu theo phuong phap phan tang. Cu the:
chiing tdi lua chgn 4 khdi doanh nghiep cd sy ddng nhat tuong ddi ve nganh nghe kinh doanh, mdi khdi doanh nghiep chiing tdi lua chgn mgt cdng ty de khao sat ngau nhien 210 edng nhan:
+ Nhdm edng ty nganh nghe san xuat CO khi, dien.
+ Nhdm nganh nghe san xuat det, may mac.
+ Nhdm nganh nghe san thuc pham.
+ Nhdm nganh nghe san xuat vat lieu xay dyng.
2.2. Phwang phdp ngkiin elm Chiing tdi sir dung phucmg phap nghien eiiu md ta cat ngang vdi viec sii dung cae ky thuat ngbien cim eu the la trac nghiem tam ly, tham kham lam sang va phdng van sau.
Cae ttac nghiem tam ly dugc sit dung frong nghien ciiu bao gdm:
- Thang danh gia frdm cam ttong cham sdc siic khde ban dau (Patient Health Questiannaire - PHQ9).
TAP CHl KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Thang danh gia rdi l o ^ lo au
eua Zung.
Thang danh gia suy nhugc Bugard - Crocq
- Thang danh gia chat lugng giac ngu Pittsburgh
Do tin cay cua cac frac nghiem / thang do dugc xac dinh bang Cronbach'alpha nhu sau (N = 840):
Bang 1. Do tin cay ciia thang do
^ ^ ' " - T ^ n g d o Dd tin cay ^'^'--....^
Cronbach'alpha Thang (PHQ9)
0,721 Thang Zung
0,734
Thang Bugard — Crocq
0,609
Thang Pittsburgh 0,782
Nhiing ea nhan nao dii tieu chuan cd rdi loan tam than theo trdc nghiem se duge dua vao phdng vdn lam sang bang Bd tieu ehuan chan doan theo ICD - 10. Ca nhan dii tieu chuan d ca bai cdng cy tren mdi duge chan doan va xac dinh la mdt rdi loan tam than.
Ngoai ra, chiing tdi sir dung cac thang danh gia tren d l phdng van sau va xac dinh cac bieu hien lam sang cua cdng nhan ed rdi loan tam than.
Sd lieu nghien ciiu dugc xir ly bang phan mem SPSS 11,5.
3. Ket qua nghien ciru 3.1. Ddc diim ve mdu nghien cwu Sau khi khao sat, ket qua ngbien cuu cho thdy dac diem mau nghien ciiu dugc xae djnh nhu sau:
Bang 2. Dac diem cua mau nghien ciru
Dac diem N = 840 Tyle
(%)
Gidl tjnli Nam NO
346 494
41,2 58,8
Tu6i 1 8 - 2 5 2 5 - 3 5 Tren 35
423 346 71
50,4 41,2 8.4 Trinh do hoc van
Tieu hoc Trung hoc ca so
Tmng hoc pho thong Trung cap Cao dang, dai hoc
15 239 425 110 51
1,8 28,5 50,6 13,1 6,0 LTnh vac nghe
San xuat co khi, dien Det, may mac Thuc pham Vat lieu xay dung
210 210 210 210
25 25 25 25 Kinh nghiem lam viec
< 5 nam 5 - 10 nam
> 10 nam 467 245 128
55,6 29,2 15,2
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Tinh trang hon nhan
Chua ket hon Da ket hon Da ket hon va lydi
563 249 28
67,0 29,6 3,4 3.2. Ty li roi logn tdm thdn &
cong nhdn tgi Kku cdng ngkiep Biin Hoa 2
Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay co 120 cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than (ttam cam, rdi loan lo au, suy nhugc, rdi loan giac ngd), dat ty le lien quan den rdi loEin tam thdn la 14,28%.
Ty le rdi loan tam than d edng nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2 duge xae dinh theo timg rdi loan sau:
Bang 3. Ty l€ roi loan tam than theo chan doan
N
Tyle(%)
Tram cam N = 840 Nhe
52 Vua 6
Nang 3 61 (7,26%) 6,19 0,71 0,35
R6i loan lo N = 840
30
3,57
Suy nhiTtfc N = 840
97
11,5
Roi loan giac ngii N = 840 80
9,5 Ket qua nghien cim the hien d
bang 3 cho thay ty le fram cam d cdng nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2 la 7,26%, frong dd ttam cam muc do nhe la 6,17%, tram cam miic do vira la 0,71%
va tram cam miic dg nang la 0,35%. Ty
Ie cdng nhan ed rdi loan Io au la 3,57%, suy nhuge la 11,5% va rdi loan giac ngii la 9,5%. Kit qua nghien ciiu eho thdy ty le rdi loan suy nhuge va rdi loan giac ngii d cdng nhan cao ban eae rdi loan khac.
Bang 4. Ty le roi lo^n tam than theo g i ^ va tu6i
N Ty le (%)
GlCn TINH Nam 43 35,8
Nii- 77 64,2
TUOI 1 8 - 2 5
48 40
2 5 - 3 5 63 52,8
Tren 35 9 7,5 Ket qua tai bang 4 eho thay cdng nhan cd
rdi loan tam than d nii nhilu gdp ddi ldn nam gidi. Nu cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than la 64,2%, trong khi nam cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam thdn la 35,8%.
Tudi ciia cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than chu yiu la liia tudi 25 - 35 (63%), va 18 - 25 tudi (48%), dieu nay la phu hgp vdi dac diem eiia mau nghien cuu chil yeu la d do tudi dudi 35.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Bang 5. Trinh do hoc van cua cong
nhSn cd roi loan tam than
Trinh do hoc van Tieu hoc Trtmg hpc ca sa Tnmg hoc pho thong Trung cap Cao dang, Dai hoc
Total
N 0 19 62 31 8 120
Tyle
(%)
0 15.8 51.7 25.8 6.7 100.0 Bang 5 cho thay da sd edng nhan ed rdi loan tam than ed trinh do hge van la trung hge phd thdng (51.,7%), trung cdp (25,8%), ttung hgc co sd (15,8%), rdt it cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam thdn cd ttinh do hgc van la dai hgc vk khdng cd ai cd trinh dd hgc van la tieu hge.
Bang 6. Linh vuc nghi cua cdng nh^n CO rdi loan tam than
Linh virc nghe nghiep San xuat ca khi, dien Det, may mac Thuc ph4m Vat lieu xay dung Total
N 37 50 25 8 120
T y l e
(%)
30.8 41,7 20.8 6.7 100.0 Qua bang 6 cho ta thay, ty le rdi loan tam thdn d cdng nhan chu yeu tap trung vao nhdm cdng nhan d ITnh vye nghe nghiep la may mac (41,7%), san xudt ca khi, dien (30,8%), thuc phdm (20,8%), va cd rdt it cdng nhan nganh vat lieu xay dung cd rdi loan tam than (6,7%).
Bang 7. Kinh nghidm lam vi@c cua cong nhan co roi loan tam than
Kinh nghidm
< 5 nam 5-10 nam Tren 10 nam Total
N 58 41 21 120
Tyle
(%)
48.3 34.2 17,5 100.0 Qua bang 7 cbo tbay, cdng nhan cang cd kinh nghiem lam viec lau nam tbi it bi rdi loan tam than. Cdng nhan cd kinh nghiem lam viec dudi 5 nam cd rdi loan tam than cao nhat la 48,3%, cd kinh nghiem lam viec 5 - 1 0 nam cd rdi loan tam thdn la 34,2% va chi cd 17,5% cdng nhan cd kinh nghiem tren 10 nam cd rdi loan tam than.
3.3. Bieu kien ldm sdng cua cdc roi logn tdm thdn & eong nhdn
Bang 8. Bieu hien lam sang roi loan tram cam d cong nhan
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T a n suat Bieu hiSn ^ ^ ^ ^ it quan tam, thich thu mpi thli
Cam giac met moi, chan nan, tuyet vpng Cam giac kho ngu, hoac ngu qua nhieu Cam giac met moi hay chan nan trong cong viec
An khong ngon hoac an qua nhigu Chan ban than, hoac sp that bai han nguai
N = 61 56 57 48 53
37 39
Tyle
(%)
90,8 93,4 78,6 86,8
60,6 63,9
TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONU NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN ^334-1^52 khac
Kem tap trung chii y moi thir
Miic do boat ddng cham chap, hoac bdn chdn, diing ngdi khdng yen
Cd y nghT hay hanh vi lam tdn bai den ban than
Cd khd khan va tdn hai din cdng viSc, cudc sdng
50 42
30
58 81,9 68,8
49,1
95,1
Tu bang 8 eho thay, da sd cac bilu hien lam sang cua fram cam theo thang danh gia PHQ9 deu xuat bien vdi tan sudt rdt cao vdi cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam thdn. Dudng nhu toan bg cae bieu hien deu cd tan suat xuat hien tten 50%, chi duy nhat cd bieu hien lien quan den y nghT hay hanh vi lam tdn hai den ban than la dudi 50%. Cac bieu hien lam sang xuat hien vdi ty le cao la thudng cd khd khan va tdn hai den cdng viee do benh fram cam gay nen (95,1%), cam giac met mdi, chan nan, tuyet vgng (93,4%), it quan tam, thich thii mgi thii (90,8%). Day la cae bieu hien Hen quan den frang thai cam xiic, khi sac va cac hanh vi tuong tac xa hgi eua ngudi benh.
Bang 9. Bieu hien lam sang cua roi loan Io au d cong nh^n
— ^ ^ Tan suat Bieu hien ^ ^ Cam thay nong nay va lo au
Cam thay lo sp ma khong CO nguyen nhan De boi roi va hoang hot
Co bieu hien run, lac N =
30 13 12 16 9
TylS
(%)'
43,3 40,0 53,3 30,0
tay chan
Dau dSu, dau CO va dau limg
De yeu va met moi Nhip tim dap nhanli hem
Hoa mat, ch6ng mat Co con ngpp tho, hay ngit
Co cam giac te, nhu kiSn can a cac dau ngon tay, chan Kh6 chiu vi dau da day hay day bimg Thuong xuyen di tiSu tien
Mat thuang nong, hay do
Kho khan giac ngu Co ma thay ac mpng
23 25 14 21 12 18
21 17 13 25 11
76,6 83,3 46,6 70,0 40,0 60,0
70,0 56,6 43,3 83,3 36,6
Tir bang 9 cho thay, cae bieu hi^n lam sang theo thang Zung ed tan su§t xuat hien kha thap d cdng nhan cd roi loan tam than. Mgt sd bieu hien co t§n suat xuat hien cao hon 50% bao gom:
khd khan gidc ngu (83,3%), dl yeu va met mdi (83,3%), dau dau, dau cd, lung (76,6%), hoa mdt, chdng mat (70,0%).
Day la cac bieu bien lien quan nhieu dSn tinh frang suy nhugc va la nhiing phan ling sfress eua benh nhan. Mgt sd bieu bien cd tdn suat xuat hien thap nhu c6 bieu hien run, lae chan tay (30,0%), cam thdy lo sg ma khdng cd nguyen nhan (40,0%), cd mo thay ac mgng (36,6%), cd con ngdt hay nggp thd (40%). Dieu nay cbo thdy bieu hien Iam sang ciia roi lo^n lo au la kha thap d cdng nhan, dieu nay phu hgp vdi ty le rdi loan lo au 6 edng nhan thap.
TAP CHI KHOA HQC - DAI HQC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Bang 10. Bieu hien lam sang
cua suy nhirac & cong nhan
^^""^--^^^^Tan sudt Bilu hi^n ^^"'-^.^
Trang thai chung: dm yeu, xanh xao, met mdi, toat md hoi, ngat xiu,..
An udng: kem ngon mieng, bi day bai, budn ndn, ehan an, giam can,...
Giac ngu: khd vao giac ngii, ngu ehap chdn, thiic giac lue nira dem, mat ngii cudi giac, ae mgng,...
Tinh due: giam sinh boat, mat khoai cam, xudt tinh sdm, bat lue, rdi loan cuong,...
Giac quan: Nhuc dau, sg anh sang, u tai, rdi loan thi giac, chdng mat,...
Nhan thiic: Khd tap trung, kem minh min, khd chii y, mau met dc, giam tri nhd,...
Lo au: cam gidc khd ehju, earn giac bdn chdn, lo sg, co that cd hgng, bi quan,..
Cam xiic: de bilu Id cam xiie, ndng tinh, hay thu minh, qua nhay cam, d l bi kich dgng,...
N = 97 80
68
75
31
65
86
73
78 Tyie
(%)
82,4
70,1
77,3
31,9
67,0
88,6
75,2
80,4
Bang 10 cho thay, da sd cac bieu hien lam sang eiia suy nhugc d cdng nhan tai Khu cdng ngbiep Bien Hda 2 deu cd tan suat xuat bien kha cao (tten 50%), chi duy nhat bieu bien ve siic khde tinh dye kha thap (32,5%). Dieu nay dugc ly giai bdi da sd mlu nghien eim la chua ket hdn. Mgt dae diem nira lien quan den yeu td van hda la ngudi Viet, nhat la ngudi lao ddng tir cac vimg que thi rat ngai ndi ve van de tinh due, nhieu khi hg cd van de nhung van khdng ndi ro cac khd khan cua minh. Cac bieu bien lara sang cd tan suat xuat hien kha cao la van de nhan thiic nhu khd tap tnmg, kem minh man, khd chil y, mau met dc, giam tri nhd,...
(88,6%), cac ttang thai nhu dm yeu, xanh xao, met radi, toat md hdi, ngat xiu...( 82,4%), bieu bien cam xiic nhu de bieu Id cam xuc, ndng tinh, hay thu minh, qua nhay cam, d l bi kich ddng,...
(80,4%).
Bang 11. Bieu hien lam sang cua rdi loan giac ngu d cdng nhan
^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ r 4 n suat Bieu hien ^ ^ ^ - ^ Thai gian di ngu/ thiic gi^c va tong thai gian ngu mot dem Kho di vao giac ngii Ban tam, lo lang qua ve hau qua cua giac ngu ban ngay va ban dem
Kho khan lien quan den giac ngii (hay thiic giac, kho tha, ho hay ngay to, ac mpng, thay dau, met,...) Phai sir dung thuoc ngii
N = 80 65
74 66
70
50 Tyle
(%)
81,2
92,5 82,5
87,5
62,5
TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 Anh budng cua giac
ngii den eae hoat ddng cudc sdng: giai tri.
eong viec,...
75 93,7
Tir bang II cho thdy, cac bieu hien lam sang eua giac ngit theo thang Pittsburgh d cdng nhan tai Khu edng nghiep Bien Hda 2 cd tan suat xuat hien kfaa cao. Tat ca cae bieu hien deu cd ty le xuat hien tten 50%. Dieu nay cho thay van d6 gidc ngu la vdn de rat quan trgng ddi vdi cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than.
Cac bilu hien cd tdn suat xuat hien cao nhu: anh hudng cua giac ngii den cac boat dgng cudc sdng: giai tri, cdng viee,... (93,7%), khd di vao giac ngii (92,5%) va bieu hien lien quan den giac ngii (hay thiic giac, khd thd, ho hay ngay to, ac mdng, thay dau, mgt,...).
4. Ban luan va ket luan 4 1.1 Vi ty li rdi loan tdm thdn a edng nhdn
Nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi cho thay ty le radt sd rdi loan tam than (ttam cam, lo au, suy nhugc, rdi loan giac ngii) d cdng nhan tai Khu edng nghiep Bien Hoa 2 la 14,2%. Trong dd, ttam cam la 7,26% (frong do frdm cam miic do nhe la 6,17%, tram cam miic do vira la 0,71%
va fram cam raire do nang la 0,35%), rdi loan lo au la 3,57%, suy nhuge la 11,5%
va rdi loan giac ngii la 9,5%. Ket qua nghien ciiu nay cho thay ed sy da dang v l ty le vdi eae nhdm ddi tugng nghien ciiu va dia ban nghien ciiu khac nhau.
Nghien ciiu cua chung tdi cho thdy cd Idioang 7,26% cdng nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep 2 ed rdi loan trdm cam, tuy nhien ngbien ciiu ciia La Thi Budi, Tran Viet Nghj (2003) cho thdy cdng nhan nha may ddng lanh cd ty Ie ttdm cam chi 0,7%, cdng nhan lai tau la 0% va cdng nhan d
nha may Thuy dien Hoa Binh la 2,5%.
Ty le nay la rat thap so vdi nghien cuu eiia chiing tdi. Tuy nhien, ngbien cihi cua chiing tdi cho thdy ed ty le ttam cam tuong ddng vdi ty le ma Nguyen Van Thg, Do Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007) dua ra la 1,4 - 7% ddi vdi nhdra edng nhan ddu khi.
Tuy nhien, nghien eiiu eiia chiing tdi cho tbay ty le rdi loan lo au d cdng nhan la 3,57% phii hgp vdi nghien ciiu cua Nguyen Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007) la 4,3% nhung cd su khac biet kha ldn so vdi cac nghien ciiu ciia La Tlii Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003) vdi kit qua ty le lo au d cdng nhan ddng lanh la 1,7%, d edng nhan thuy dien la 0,8%, d cdng nhan lai tau la 11,1%.
Ty le rdi loan giae ngii theo nghien ciiu ciia chung tdi la 9,5%, theo Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007) la 15 - 17%. Cao ban nhieu so vdi nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi.
Cac nghien ciiu khac khdng nghien ciiu ve suy nhugc nen chiing tdi chua cd dieu kien so sanh.
Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia ehiing tdi cd su khac biet ldn so vdi nghien cihi cua La Thi Budi va Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003) nhung cd sy tuang ddng so vdi nghien eiiu cua Nguyen Van Thg, Dd Minh Tien (2006 - 2007). Dilu nay ehi cd thi ly giai bdi nguyen nhan la do dieu kien van boa, mdc thdi gian ngbien ciru, dac diem nghe nghiep. Ddng thdi ciing can xem xet mau nghien ciiu, phuang phap nghien eiiu.
Nghien cuu cua chiing tdi eiing eho thay ty le rdi loan tam than d nil cdng nhan gan gap 2 ldn so vdi nam cdng nhan. Dieu niy phii hop vdi ngbien ciiu cua Tran Van Liem va cs (2006) va mdt sd edng bd khac. Chung tdi cho ring nii cdng nhan ngoai ap lyc cdng viec va dieu kign sdng nhu nam edng nhan thi cd chiu nhieu ap luc khac do bdi canh van hoa
TAP CHi KHOA HOC - BAI HQC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 nhu cd the bi bao hanh frong gia dinh,
phai ganh vac nhieu viec gia dinh hon, ddi sdng van hoa kbd khan hon.
Ket gua nghien ciiu ciia cbiing tdi ciing cho thay ty le cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than tap trung d nhdra cdng nhan may mac. Chiing tdi ehua ghi nhan cac nghien ciiu trude day d nhdra nay do dd rat khd de ed so sanh. Tuy nhien, chiing tdi cho rang, cdng nhan d nhdra nganh nghe nay vdi dae thu cdng viec vdi ap lue cao, ddc b^i, diSu kien lara viec kem ed thi la nguyen nhan cua tinh ttang rdi loan tam than eao ban.
Ket qua nghien ciiu eiia chimg tdi ciing cbo thdy, cdng nhan cd kinh nghiem lam viee cang thap thi ty Ie cd rdi loan tam than cang eao. Ket qua nay phu hgp vdl cac nghien ciru trude dd cua La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt NgM (2003), cua Nguyin Van Thg, Do Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007). Chung tdi cho rdng, khi tay nghe Iao dgng edn yeu ed the la mgt nguyen nhan dSn tdi tinh frang sttess d cdng nhan, ddng thdi viec kinh nghiem lam viee it ciing ddng nghta vdi viec thich ling mdi trudng edng viec kem.
4.1.2. Vi mgt so ddc diem ldm sdng rdi logn tdm thdn a cdng nhdn
Nghien ciiu cua chimg tdi eho thay, cac bieu hien lam sang xuat hien vdi ty le cao thudng la cd khd khan va tdn hai din cdng viec do benh fram cam gay nen, cam giac met mdi, ehan nan, tuyet vgng, it quan tam, thich thii mgi thir. Day la cac bilu bien lien quan den trang thai cam xiic, khi sac va cac hanh vi tuong tac xa hgi cua ngudi benh. Ddng thdi cac bilu hien khac ciing xuat hien vdi tdn xudt cao nhu khd khan giac ngu, de yeu va met mdi, dau dau, dau cd, lung, hoa mdt, chdng mat, kbd tap trung, kem minh mdn, khd chii y, mau met dc, giam tri nhd,..., cac trang thai nhu dm yiu, xanh xao, met radi, toat mo hdi, ngat
xiu,.., bieu bien cam xiic nhu de bieu Id cam xiie, ndng tinh, bay thu minh, qua nhay cam, de bi kich ddng,....
Day la cac bieu hien lien quan nhilu den tinh trang suy nhugc va la nhiing phan ung stress eua benh nhan.
Mgt sd bieu hien khac cd tan suat xuat hien thap nhu cd bieu hien run, lac chan tay, cam thdy lo sg ma khdng ed nguyen nhan, cd mo thay ac mdng, ed eon ngat bay ngdp tbd. Dieu nay eho thay bieu hien lam sang cua rdi loan lo au la kha thdp d edng nhan, dieu nay phii hgp vdi ty le rdi loan lo au d cdng nhan thap.
Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia ehiing tdi eiing phu hgp vdi mdt sd nghien eiiu ma La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003), Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007) va Trdn Van Liera (2006) da cdng bd trudc do.
4.2. Kit ludn 4.2.1. Ve mdu nghien cuu Nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien tten 840 khach the la cdng nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai. Ty le nam va nil khach the frong nghien ciiu la ttrong duong nhau (nam: 41,2% va nii:
58,8%), da phdn cdng nhan ttong khao sat cd do tudi dudi 35 tudi (91,6%), va ed ttinh do bgc vdn la THCS va THPT (89,1%), da phan cd kinh nghiem lam viec dudi 10 nam (55,6%), va chua ket hdn (67%).
4.2.2. Ve ty le rdi loan siec khoe tdm thdn a cong nhdn tgi Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hod 2
+ Ty le edng nhan cd rdi loan tam than la 120 ngudi, ehiem 14, 28%, trong do:
- Tram cam la 7,26% (ttong dd ttam cam miic do nhe la 6,17%, fram cam mirc do vira la 0,71% va tram cam miic do nang la 0,35%).
59
T/S? CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 - Rdi loan lo au la 3,57%.
- Suy nhugc la 11,5%..
- Rdi loan giac ngii la 9,5%.
+ Rdi loan tam thdn d nu nhieu gdp ddi ldn nam gidi (ty le la 64,2%o va 35,8%).
-f- Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than chu yiu la liia tuoi 25 ~ 35 (63%,), va 18 -25fridi(48%).
+ Da sd edng nhkn ed roi loan tam thdn cd trinh do hgc van la ttung hgc phd thdng (62%), trung cdp (31%), trung bgc CO sd (19%), rdt it cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than cd ttinh do hge van la Dai hge va khdng cd ai cd ttinh do bgc van la tieu hgc.
+ Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than chu yeu tap trung vao nhdm edng nhan d ITnh vyc nghe nghiep la may mae (41,7%), san xudt ca kbi, dien (30,8%), thyc pham (20,8%,), va cd rat it cdng nhan nganh vat lieu xay dung ed rdi loan tam thdn (6,7%).
+ Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than chii yeu d nhdm cdng nhan cd kinh nghiem lam viee kem.
4.2.3. Bieu hiin cua cong nhdn co rdi logn tdm thdn
Cdng nhan cd roi loan tam thdn thudng cd nhiing bilu bien sau:
- Cd khd khan va tdn hai den cdng viec do benh frara cam gay nen;
- Cam giac met mdi, chin nan, tuyet vgng
- it quan tam, thich thii mgi thii - Khd khan gidc ngii - De yeu va met radi - Dau dau, dau ed, lung - Hoa raat, chdng raat.
- Khd tap trung, kem minh man, khd chil y, mau met de, giam tri nhd,...
- Cac ttang thai nhu dm yeu, xanh xao, met mdi, toat md hdi, ngat xiu,...
- Bieu hien cam xiie nhu de bieu 10 cam xiic, ndng tinh, hay thu minh, qui nhay cam, de bi kich dgng,...
- Khd di vao giac ngu - Bieu hien lien quan den giac ngu (hay thiic gidc, khd thd, ho hay ngay to, ae mdng, thay dau, met,...).
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
La Tbj Budi, Tran Viet Nghi (2005), "Nghien ciiu siic khoe tam than edng nhan dudng sat Viet Nara", Tap ehi Yhgc thuc hdnh. Vol 3.
La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2005), "Nghien ciiu siic khoe tam than d nhan vien y te nganh tam than". Tap ehi Yhgc Viet Nam, Vol 10.
La Thi Budi, Tran Viet Nghi (2005), "Ngbien cim sire khoe tam than eiia cong nhan gang thep Thai Nguyen", Tap chi Yhgc thuc hdnh. Vol 10.
La Tbi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghj (2006), "Nhan xet v l eang thdng nghe nghiep va siic khoe tam thdn cua ngudi lao ddng nganh may, ehe biln thuy san, giay da", Tap chi Yhgc du phong, tap XVI, sd 1 (79).
5. La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2006), "Nghien cuu siic khoe tam than d edng nhan van hanh cdng trinh ngdm thuy dien Hoa Binh", Tap chi Y hgc thuc hdnh, Vol 2.
4.
60
TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016 ISSN 2354-1482 6. Hgc vien Quan y (2010), Binh hgc Tdm than, Nxb. Y bgc. Ha Ngi.
7. Dang Phuong Kiet (2002). Tdm ly vd siec khde; Nxb. Van hoa thdng tin. Ha Ndi.
8. Nguyin Tho Sinh (2008). Tamly xdhgi hgc,'Hxh.hm dong.
9. Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2007); "Tinh hinh sire khoe tam thdn va eae y6u td lien quan d cdng nhan dau kbi ngoai khai"; De tai cap nganh, 2006 - 2007.
10. Nguyin Khdc Vien (1997). Siec khoe. binh tgt vd Tdm ly, Nxb. Tre Tp. HCM 11. Sidney Blocb, Bruce S.Singh (2003). Ca sdcua ldm sdng tdm thdn hgc, Nxb. Y
hoc. Ha Ndi.
THE FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL DISORDERS OF THE WORKERS IN THE BIEN HOA 2 INDUSTRIAL ZONE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of some mental disorders of workers in Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone.
Based on the sampling of 840 employees, the researcher deployed layered approach to analyze the sample size for each group of workers. Research methods used in this study included psychological test method, method of climcal interview based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, and survey methodology. The study results showed that the rate of mental disorder of workers was 14.29%, in which the majority of workers were identified with depression, neurasthenia and sleeping disorders whilst few workers among those were identified to suffer from anxiety disorders. Most workers with mental disorders are young-aged male workers with low education level, mainly working in the industries of garment, electrics and electronics, and food processing department; most of those have little working experience. The expressions of mental disorders of workers are mainly related to depression and stress.
Keywords: Mental disorders, depression, asthenic, sleep disorders, workers, Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone
