Tap chl Tai MOi Hpng Vi$t Nam - Volume (58-16). N°4 - June. 2013
SlTC KHOE CUA CONG NHAN NHA MAY HQfP KIM SAT THAI NGUYEN
DdHdm*, Nguyin Giang Long**
T6M
TAT
Vdi muc tieu tim hiiu thuc trgng sue khoe cua cong nhdn hop kim sdt Thdi Nguyen, bdng phuong phdp nghiin cdu mo td kit hop vdi hdi cim, kit qud nghien cuu thu duoc nhu sau: Cd mpt sd vdn di ve sue khoe. ddc biet la cong nhdn Id dien Ty le cong nhdn co sue khoe kem cao, cd ty li cao cdng nhdnbi mdc cdc b?nh vi hd hdp, tai mui hpng. xuong khdp so vdi cdng ddng ... Cdc tdc gid de nghi cdn cd nhitng gidi phdp cdi thien moi trudng lao dpng, thuc hien tdt cdng tdc chdm soc siec khoe cho ngudi lao dpng.
Tir khda: cdng nhdn, benh nghe nghiep, ho hdp, tai mUi hong.
SUMMARY
T h e w o r k e r ' s health in Thainguyen ferrous compound factory By Do Ham, Nguyen Giang Long
With the aim of study about the real situation of worker's health in Thainguyen ferrous compound factory, a cross- sectional and retrospective study was carried out. The results showed that the worker's health has problems especially workers doing in electro-melting workshop: IV and V health categories were high, some diseases were higher than that in community: respiratory, nose-throat infection. Diseases in bone and articulation are popularly: painful bone - articulation, rhematics.. The authors recommened that: primary health care should be applied more often for all workers.
Key words: worker, occupational, respiratory, ENT...
I. DAT VAN D E con nhieu van de tdn tai. Chiing tdi tien hdnh nghien ciiu de tdi vdi muc tieu: Tim Siic khoe benh tdt ciia cdng nhdn luon hiiu thuc trang site khoe, benh tat cua cdng la van de thu hiit sir quan tam cua ca ngudi nhdn nha may hpp kim sdt Thai Nguyen, lao d0ng vd nguM su dung lao dong. Nhd ^^ ^ ^ ^ .^^^^ ^ ^ P H l / O N G PHAP may hpp kim sat Thai Nguyen da co nhieu . j p j i i F f j pifyj
bien phdp bao ve siic khoe cong nhan nhu:
lip dat them day chuySn cong nghe co do 1. Boi tuffng nghien cihi: Toan bp an toan hem, tang cuong nguon kinh phi 171 cong nhan nha may hpp kim sat Cong cho he thdng an toan bao ho lao dpng, ty Gang thep Thai Nguyen co tuoi nghe kham chiia benh thuang xuyen... Mac du tren 5 nam.
vdy siic khoe cua cong nhan lao dpng vdn 2. Phirtrng p h a p nghien cihi: Nghien
*Dai hoc Y Th^i Nguyen, cuu tien hdnh theo phuong phap mo ta ket
"BSnli vien da khoa Bean Hdng - Phu Tho Nhja bai 25/4. Duyet in 5/5.
79
Tap ohi Tai H/IOi Hpng Vi$t Nam - Volume (58-16). N°4 - June, 2013
hpp voi h6i cilu cdc vdn di siic khoe thong 3. Xu ly so lifu: Theo phuong phap qua khdm true tiSp th6ng ke y hpc
3. K t r QUA NGHIEN ClTU
Bdng 1. Phdn ioai sifc khde theo bO phdn Idm vi$c SLFC l<hoe
BO phdn L6 di$n Nguyen li$u Ca di$n
Loail n 1 0 0
%
1,45 0,00 0,00
Loai li n 12
6 8
%
17,39 11,11 16,67
L09l lii n 39 15 21
%
56,52 48,29 43,75
Logi iV n 10 13 10
%
14,49 24,07 20,83
LoaiV.
n 9 10
9
% -
10,14 18,52 18,75
Nhdn xet: Siic khoe cdng nhan den kham chii yiu la loai III ( Id dien 56,52%;
nguyen lieu 46,29%; ca dien 43.75%). Siic
khoe loai I chi^m ty le rdt nhd 1,45%, loai IV,V chiem ty le cao.
Tuoi nghe Bo phdn LO diSn Nguyen Ii6u Co dien
3ang 2. So ngupi khdm phdn theo tu6i nghe
< 10 ndm n 11 14 8
%
15,94 25,93 16,67
11 - 20 ndm n
31 21 23
%
44,93 38,89 47,92
& 21 ndm n 27 19 17
%
39,13 35,18 35,42
Nhgn xet: So ngudi di kham d nhdm cd tudi nghe 10 den 20 nam nhieu nhdt.
Bang 3 T y 1$ mdc chiing b$nh h6 hap theo tuoi ngh^
Tuoi nghi B6 phdn LO dien Nguyen lieu Co dien
n
20 19 11
<
n 3 3 2
10 ndm
%
4,35 5,56 4,17
1 1 - n 7 8 3
- 20 ndm
%
10,14 14,81 6,25
i 21 ndm n 10
8 6
%
14,49 14,81 12,50
Tap chl Tai iVIOi Hpng Vi$t Nam - Volume (58-16). N°4 - June, 2013
Nhdn xet: (24,63% a 16 di?n va 29,62% a nguyen
>,i u- t V-1..; . . , , . • lieu).Bp phan ca dien ty le mdc chii yiu Mdc benh ho hap cao o ca 3 nhom tuoi oSn A nhAm »,,«; „„i,; ^ TI - , u-^
.1 „ . , . ,, ... , . ... gap o nhOm tuoi nghe > 21 nam (chiem >
n^e. Bp ph?n lo dipn va nguyen lieu, ty le sO% tdng s6 mdc).
mac chii yen a nhdm tuoi nghfi > 11 nam
Bang 4. Ty Id mdc b#nh tai mui hpng theo tu6l nghi Tu6i n g h i
BQ phdn
L6 dlpn Nguyen Ii§u Co di$n
£ 1 0 ndm n 3 2 1
%
4,35 3,70 2,08
11 n 6 3 2
- 20 ndm
%
8,69 5,56 4,16
a 21 nam n 9 7 3
%
13,09 12,96 6,25
Nhdn xet: Ty le mdc benh tai mui ('3,04% o 16 dien, 12,96% a nguyen lieu hpng gap 6 tdt ca cdc nhom nghi vd gap ™ ^•^^°'^° " '^° *?")•
nhidu a nhom co tu6i nghi > 21 nam
Tuoi B$ phdn
Bang 5. Ty l# mdc benh xuong l<h(^p ph nghd
Lddidn Nguydn lidu Co didn
< 10 ndm n 4 3 3
%
6,80 5,66 6,25
an theo tu6 nghi 11 - 20 ndm n 7 2 2
%
10,14 3,70 4,16
>-
n 8 5 3
21 nam
%
11,59 9,26 6,25
man xet: ^^ P"^^ ^^^ '^^^^ ^"^' "^'^^•
- 6 nhdm tudi nghS > 21 nam benh '*• ^ ^ ^ ^^^^
xuong khdp cao hon cac nhdm tudi nghe Qua ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay ty le khac (11,59% d Id dien; 9,26% d nguyen mdc benh ciia cdng nhdn d nha may hpp lieu va 6,25% d co dien). kim sat Thai Nguyen con cao so vdi cpng i^ L" ' I- .*•-« *.', IS ™s„ ua^i, ddng. Mdc dii quy trinh sdn xuat ciia nha
• O phan xuong to dien ty ie mac benh , ^ ' ,. . j
d tudi ngh^ thdp da cao hon hdn so vdi cdc mdy da dupe cai tien song nhin chimg quy trinh cdng nghe vdn cdn lac hau. Mat khac.
Tgp chi Tai MQi Hpng Vi$t Nam - Volume (58-16). N°4 - June, 2013
ngudi cdng nhan van phdi tiep xiic vdi cac yeu td dpc hai thudng xuyen trong khi y thiic su dung cac phuong tien bdo hp cd nhan cdn kem, chua tu gidc.Vi vdy ty I?
mac benh ve hd hap, tai miii hpng, xuong khdp cao vd tang theo tudi nghi cd thi cd lien quan den cdng viec va mdi trudng lao ddng. Ddc biet la ty le mdc benh cua cdng nhdn Id dien cao so vdi cdc nhdm nghi khac dang la dieu dang lo ngai. Ket qud nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi ciing tuong tu nhu nhdn xet ciia cdc tdc gia trong va ngodi nude khac[l], [2], [4]
Cdn phdi giai quylt dd giam thidu ganh nang lao dpng, bao ve, chdm soc siic khoe cdng nhdn thudng xuyen la mdi quan tam khdng chi d nganh thep ma cdn d nhieu nganh cdng nghiep khac [4], vdi su quan tdm cua nhieu cap, nhidu nganh. Vdi cac benh hd hap, tai miii hpng va xuong khdp thi nha may can phai cd kd hoach kham phdt hien sdm, mdi cd the giai quydt kip thdi.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Ket qua nghien cuu cho thiy d tdt ca cdc phdn xudng ciia nha may hpp kim sdt Thai Nguyen, cdc nhdm tudi nghd ddu cd ty le mac mpt sd benh cao, siic khoe chua thuc su tdt. Do vay, cdn phdi tdng cudng chi dao, giam sdt viec thuc hien nghiem
cdng tac an toan v? sinh trong lao ddng va chdm lo siic khoe cong nhan.
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Do Thi Bay, Nguyen Thj The, Do Hdm (1995). Mpt so nhin xet ve sue khoe, bpnh tat ciia cdng nhdn luy?n kim d Bdc Thdi 1982 - 1993, Ky ydu cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hpc Trudng dai hpc Y khoa Bdc Thdi, NXB Y hpc, Ha Npi.
Do Ham (2007). Ve sinh lao dpng, NXB Lao dpng - x a hpi, Hd Npi.Tr 130-317.
Nguyen Manh Ha (2002). Nghien cihi mdt sd yeu td mdi trudng lao d$ng, tinh hinh siic khoe va an todn lao ddng ciia cdng nhan tai cac nha may luypn can thep ciia cdng ty Gang thep Thai Nguyen (luan vdn tot nghiep) Ha Ndi.
Haiyono, MS et aU (2005). APOSHO and Globahzation Erea. Proceedings of th 21" annual conference of the Asia Pacific occupational safety and health organization Bali - Indonesia, P. 1 - 4.
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