Cac nhan to anh hu'dng den cang thang trong cong viec cua nhan vien tai Vietcombank Chi nhanh Dong Thap
' AO THG HOAr I N G G Y I N THj MINH T R A M "
NGUYEN HUYNH THUY PHUdNG"*
T o m tat
Nghien cffu ddnh gid cdc nhdn tddnh hudng den cdng thdng trong cong viec cua nhdn vien Ngdn hdng Thuang mgi Cdphdn Ngogi Thuang Viet Nam (Vietcombank) Chi nhdnh Dong Thdp. Ket qud nghien cffu dd xdc dinh dupc 4 nhdn to tdc dpng cung chiiu vdi sff gia tdng cdng thdng dffac sdp xep theo thff tu gidm ddn, gdm; Ap lUc cdp tren; Ap Iffc cong viec; Moi quan hi irong cong viec; Ap Iffc thdi gian; vd mpt nhdn to tdc dpng dm ldm gidm sU cdng thdng cua nhdn vien Id Thu nhgp vd cahpi thdng tie'n. Thong qua ke't qud nghien cffu ndy, mpt sd khuyi'n nghi dugc di xud't nhdm gop phdn kiem sodt cdng thdng, ndng cao ket qud cdng viec cho nhdn vien cua Chi nhdnh.
Tit khoa: cdng thang cong viec. nhdn vien. ngdn hdng Summary
This research evaluates factors influencing the work-related stress of employees In Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) Dong Thap Branch. The results identifies 4 factors acting in the same direction with the increase in work-related stress, in descending order of impact, which are Superior pressure; Work pressure. Relationship at work; Time pressure; and a negative determinant of work-related stress is Income and promotion opportunities From those findings, a number of recommendations are proposed to manage stress level. Improve work outcomes of the Branch's employees.
Keywords: job stress, staff, bank
GIOI THIEU nhidu ngan hang nffdc ngoai cung sff gia tang nhu cau ciia khach hang, ndn canh tranh trong nginh ngan Theo nghien cttu cua Badar M.R. hang ngay cang khde liet.
(2011), ngan hang la rapt trong 10 edng Bd'i canh nay ddi hdi cac ngan hang phai cung ca'p viec cd raffc dp stress eao d Pakistan, cho khach hang cac dich vu da dang, nhanh chdng, Cang thang cdng vide cd nhieu dang cha't Iffdng td't va an toan. Nham dat muc tidu dd, cae nhffng da ph§n la do cae virut ed tdn nha quan ly va nhan vidn ngan hang ludn lara vide hd't chung la "ap Iffc" gay nen. Ap Iffe trong sttc minh vdi nhieu ap Ittc, nhtt: chi tidu kinji doanh, edng viec, ap Iffc ve cac mdi quan hd, kh^ch hang, thdi gian, cap tren... khid'n ho dd bi eang ap Iffc ve thu nhap, ap Iffc ciia ldng tin... thdng cdng viec.
d Viet Nam, nham giai quye't tinh Vietcombank Chi nhanh Dong Thap dffdc thanh lap trang nd xa'u, ttt nam 2014 den nay, Ngan vao nam 2004 nham muc dich md rOng raang Ittdi cua hang Nha nttdc tie'n hanh tai cd ca'u cac Vietcombank. Do dinh httdng chie'n Ittdc ban Ie ciJng ngan hang thffdng raai nhim nang cao vdi vide kiem soat chi phi chat che, ndn khd'i Ittdng cdng hieu qua va nang Iffc canh tranh. Thdi vide cho nhan vidn ngay mdt tang. Tmh trang nay khie'n gian qua, vdi sff gia nhap thi trffdng eua cho nhkn vien khd tranh khdi tinh trang cang thang.
"TS., "ThS., Tru'dng Dai hpc Tai chinh - Marketing
' " N g a n hang TMCP Ngoai Thu'dng Viet Nam Chi nhanh Ddng Thap Ngdy nhdn bdi: 01/12/2019; Ngay phdn bitn 15/12/2019. Ngdy duyel ddng: 20/12/2019
HINH 1: MO HlfiH CANG T H A N G TROMG KIEM T O A N V A LINH VtfC THUE
hgiidn. Joseph va cong s\S. 1995
HiNH 2: MO HIMH CUA STAVROGLA LEKA VA CONG Stf, 2005
Gia Aoh va cong M$C
HINH 3: MO HINH NGHIEM C^Q COA SLOCUM VA HELLRIEQEL, 2009
-., MfC
SUuduiagiaicaig vitcvicicviiiro khic Inmg cu4cs&ig
HiNH 4: MO HINH NGHIEN c d U COA NGUYEN QGOC MOB!, 2018
CO S6 LY THUYET V^ M 6 r iNH NGHIEN CQu
Theo Steve Mc Clatch> (2014), eang thang la kd't qua ciia nguC. nh^"_ ^^^"
phai dd'i mat vdi nhttng yeu eau, ap l^c va khia canh chuyen mdn cdng vide khdng phu hdp vdi trinh dd kien thffc cua hp, dat ra thach thffc va de dpa ddn kha nang tdn tai cua nhan vidn d day.
Nguydn Thi Thanh (2012) cung cho rang: "Gang thang trong cdng viec la nhttng cang thang cd can nguyen ttt ap Iffe trong cdng vide, nhff: qua tai vd gid lam, thie'u trang thiet bi, mdi trffdng lam vide khdng dam bao sffe khde, dan den met mdi, ehan nan, tim each ddi phd, bd vide, anh hffdng den hieu qua va nang sua't cdng viec".
Hiep hpi Tam ly Hoa Ky (APA, 2005) da tim tha'y cac trttdng hdp khac gdp phan gay cang thang trong cdng vide, chang ban nhff: mffc Iffdng tha'p, khd'i Iffdng cdng vide qua mttc hoac it cd hdi de phat trien hoac thang tie'n.
Arnold Cooper va Robertson (1991) da xac dinh 5 nguyen nhan chinh gay ra eang thang trong cdng viec la: nhan td ndi tai lien quan dd'n cdng vide, nhidm vu va trach nhiera trong cdng vide, md'i quan he trong cdng vide, cd hdi phat tridn nghe nghiep va bau khdng khi ndi lara vide.
Theo Bashir va Ramay (2010), stress cdng vide xua't phat iff ttnh trang qua tai cdng vide, nhffng ap Iffc xoay quanh cap trdn, ddng nghidp va ea thdi gian hoan thanh cdng vide. Ngoai ra, mttc Iffdng, mdi trufdng Iam viec va cac md'i quan hp ddng nghidp trong tinh trang xa'u se de dang xuat hien stress d nhan vidn (Bashir va Ramay, 2010; Badar, 2011;
Dahraodharan va Aruraugasamy, 2011).
Dd'i vdi nhan vien ngan hang, khi tlnh tr^ng stress edng viec eang cao se din dd'n ke't qua cdng viec cane thap (Shahu va Gole, 2008).
Theo cae nghidn cffu trifdc day, cdng viec qua nhieu dffdc xem la mdt trong nhttng nguyen nhan hang dau gay ra sh-ess cdng viec trong tmh vffe ngkn hang (Bashir va Ramay, 2010- Badar 2011). Theo Badar (2011), nhan vidn ngan hang xua't hidn tinh Hang chdn nan, tha't vong khdng chi do ap dat muc tidu edng viec qua Idn vdi nai-j Ijc, m^ cdn xuat phat tff nang lu'c nh, ' 'nh dao, thdi gian hoan thanh cdng viec mg'.
50
hd tieu cffc vdi ddng nghidp va mttc thu nliap nhan dffde qua thS'p.
Mpt so' cac md hinh nghidn cffu didn hinh da de cap dd'n vS'n de n^y. Joseph C. Sanders, Daniel Fulks va James K.
Knobett (1995) da dffa ra Md hinh cang thing trong kiem toan va lmh vffe thue' vdi 8 nhan td tac ddng de'n mffc dd cang thang cua nhan vidn (Hinh 1).
Stavroula Leka va cdng stt (2005) bang phirdng phap nghien effu khao sat dieu tra va phan tich dinh Ittdng da phat hien ra 9 nguyen nhan dan dd'n cang thang trong edng viee (Hinh 2).
Sloeum, Helkiegel (2009) da phat hidn ra 10 nhan td tAc ddng, trong dd cd 7 nhan td hen quan den cdng viec va 3 yd'u to xua't phat ttt ca nhan ngttdi lao ddng (Hinh 3).
O Viet Nam, theo nghien cttu cua Nguydn Qud'c Nghi (2018), eac nguyen nhan gay stress cho nhan vien ngan hang bao gdm nhff Hinh 4.
Dffa vao cd sd ly thuyd't va kd't qua nghien cttu lien quan, tac gia da de xua't md hinh nghidn cttu cac nhan td' gay anh httdng sir cang thang trong cdng vide cua nhan vien tai Vietcombank Chi nhanh Dong Thdp bao gdm 5 nh§n to': Ap Iffc edng vide; Ap lu'c cap trdn; Ap Iffe thdi gian; Thu nhap; Md'i quan he trong cdng viec (Hinh 5).
Ttt md hinh nhdm tac gia xae dinh mpt sd' gia thuye't nghidn effu sau:
Gid thuye't HI: Nhan td' Ap Iffc cdng viec tac ddng cung chieu vdi mffc dp gia tang sff cang thang (stress).
Gid thuyet H2: Nhan to' Ap Iffc cap trdn tac ddng cung chieu vdi raffc dp gia tang sff eang thang (stress).
Gid thuyi't H3: Nhan td' Ap life thdi gian tac ddng eung chieu vdi mffe dp gia tang sff eang thing (stress).
Gid thuyi't H4; Nhan td' Thu nhap va edhdi thang tien tae ddng ngttdc chieu vdi mttc dp gia tang sif cang thang (stress).
Gid thuyet H5: Nhan td' Md'i quan he trong cdng vide ed tac ddng cung chieu vdi mttc dp gia tang sff cang thing (stress).
Phifcfng phap nghien cii'u Nghien cffu nay khao sat trffc tid'p 125 ngttdi dang lam vide tai Vietcombank Chi nhanh Ddng Thap thdng qua phat phie'u khao sat trttc tid'p. Cac bid'n quan sat ttong bang cau hdi khao sat cung stt dung thang do cua Rennis Ukert vdi mttc dp phd bid'n tff 1-5 de tim hidu mffc dp danh gia cua ngffdi tra ldi. Thdi gian nghien cffu ttt thang 04-10/2019.
HINH 5: MO HINH MGHIEN Ctfo D 6 XUAT
BAMG 1: KET QUA KIEM DINH CRONBACH'S ALPHA CAC THAMG DO STT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Thang do Ap life cong viec (CV) Ap lire cap tren (CT) Ap lire thdi gian (TG) Thu nhap va ccf hoi thang tien (TN) Moi quan he trong cong viec (QH)
MiJc do cam nhSn cang thang eua nhan vien (CTH) Bie'n quan sat
3 4 3 3 3 5
Cronbach's Alpha
0,851 0,863 0,793 0,897 0,83 0,897
BAMG 2: KIEM DIMH KMO VA BARTLETT • THANG DO CAC MHAM TO ANH Ht/dNG DEM Sd CANG THANG TRONG CONG VIEC
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure ol Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df
Sig-
,845 1094,208 120 ,000
BANG 3: KIEM D|NH KMO VA BARTLETT - THANG DO CAM MHAN Stf CAMG THAMG
KMO and Bartletrs Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartleit's Tesl of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df
Sig.
,859 360,688 10 ,000 r i q i j o n Ki-t qua phdn L Tidu kh.io =,21 biing pha
Nghidn cffu stt dung phan mera SPSS 20.0 de kiem dinh thang do, phan tich nhan td kham pha (EFA), phan tich tffpng quan va hdi quy, kiem dinh T-test va ANOVA.
KIEM DINH VA KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU Kiem dinh thang do
Ke't qua khao sat cho thay, Cronbach's Alpha cua cac nhan to' gay ra su" eang thtng trong cdng viec sap
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BAMG 4: CAC HE SO XAC DjMH MO HINH Model Summary^
Model 1
R .845-'
R Square .714
Adjusted R Square
702 Std. Error of the Estimate .50925
Durbin>
Watson 1,854 ANOVA"
Model
1 Regression Residual Total
Sum of Square 76.947 30.861 107,808
df 5 119 124
Mean Square 15,389 ,259
F 59,341
Sig.
,000''
BANG 5: THDNG KE PHAN TICH CAC HE SO HOl QGY Coefficients'
Model
1 (Constant) CV CT TG TN QH
Unstandardized Coefficients B ,943 ,233 ,283 ,192 -.153 ,190
Std. Error ,319 ,050 ,060 ,061 ,043 ,052
Standardized Coefficients
Beta
,276 ,295 ,198 -.195 ,208
t
2.954 4,704 4,702 3,128 -3,568 3,628
Sif..
,004 ,000 ,000 ,002 ,001 ,000
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance
,698 ,610 ,600 ,802 ,734
VIF
1,433 1,640 1,668 1.246 1,362 I \ii-t qud phon I'hao sat btjng pilar
xe'p tff 0,793 de'n 0,897 (Bang 1); do tin cay dat mffc td't (> 0,6) va thang do dap ffng tidu chuS'n de sff dung cho nghidn cffu.
Phan tich EFA
Vdi gia thuye't H^, dat ra trong phan tich nay la giffa 16 bie'n quan sat trong tdng thd khdng ed rad'i tifdng quan vdi nhau. Kiem dinh KMO va Bartlett's trong phan tich factor cho thay, gia thuyd't nay bi bac bd (Sig. = 0,000); hd so KMO la 0,845 (>0,5). Ke't cjua nay ehi ra rang, cae bid'n quan sat trong tdng the cd md'i tffdng quan vdi nhau va phan tich EFA la thich hdp (Bang 2, 3).
Kd't qua phan tich EFA eho thay, gia trj Eigenvalue
= 1,091 > I vdl phffdng phap trich nhan td principal component, phep quay Varimax cho phep trich difoc 5 nhan to Iff 16 bid'n quan sat va phUdng sai trich dUde la 76,470%, cho tha'y md hinh EFA la phu hdp, Nhu vay, 5 nhan td'dffdc trich ed dong dffdc 76,470% bid'n thien eac bie'n quan sat.
Kd't qua phan tich hdi quy
Bang 4 cho tha'y, Sig. kiem dinh the sd'hdi quy cua cac bid'n doc lap deu nhd hdn 0,05. Do dd, c^e bie'n ddc lap nay deu cd y nghTa giai thich cho bid'n phu thuoc, khdng bie'n nao bi loai khoi md hinh.
Bang 5 eho tha'y, he so' VIF eua cae bid'n dde lap deu nhd hdn 2, do vay khdng cd da cong tuye'n xay ra. Dffa vao do ldn cua he sd'hdi quy chuan hda Beta, eae he so' hdi quy cua bid'n CV, CT, TG, QH deu ldn hdn 0, ndn eac bien doc lap nay dffa vao phan tich hdi quy deu tac ddng cung chieu tdi bie'n phu thuoc.
Ridng he sd' hdi quy cua bie'n ddc lap TN <0, ndn khi
du'a bie'n TN vao phan Ei. hdi quy se tac ddng ngffdc chieu tdi bien phu thugc.
Tat ca cac he sd p deu dffdng trff mot nhan tdTN, dieu nay hoan loan phti hdp vdi nhffng gia thuye't ban dfiu dffa ra, co nghia la cac nhan td CV. CT, TG, QH tang, thi mffc do stress cung tang' nhffng ne'u bid'n Thu nhap va ed hdi thang tien (TN) dffdc cai thidn (ty Id thu|n), thi mffc do eang thang lai giam xud'ng (ty le nghich).
Thff tff mffc dd tac dong tff manh nhat tdi yd'u nha't cua cae bie'n ddc lap eung chieu tdi bie'n phu thudc CTH la: CT (0,295) > CV(0,276) > QH (0,208) > TG (0,198); ridng bid'n dgc lap TN tac ddng ngffdc chieu vdi bie'n cang thang TN (-0,195). Tffdng ffng vdi: Ap Iffc cap tren tac ddng manh nha't va cung chieu dd'n stress eua nhan vidn ngan hang; Ap Iffc cdng vide tac dOng manh thff 2 va eung chieu de'n stress cua nhan vien ngkn hang; Ap Irfc thdi gian tac ddng raanh thff 3 cung chieu dd'n stress eua nhan vien ngan hang; Md'i quan hd trong cdng vide tac dgng raanh thff 4 va cimg chieu den stress eua nhan vidn ngan hang; cdn Thu nhap va cd hdi thang tie'n tac ddng ngffdc chieu de'n sit gia tang stress cua nhan vidn ngSn hang.
Can cff vao cae kdt qua phan tich tu'dng quan va hdi quy tuyd'n tinh bdi, 5 nhan td' gky ra sff eang thang anh hffdng tuyd'n tinh ldn mffe dp cang thang cua nhan vidn dffdc md ta theo phffdng tnnh hdi quy chuan hda:
CTH^ 0.276 CV + 0.295CT + 0.198TG - 0,I95TN+ 0.208QH
KET LUAN VA HAM Y QUAN TR!
^Ket^qua nghidn cffu da xac dinh eac nhan td' ca'u thanh cang thang cdng vide cua nhan vien ngan hang gdm 4 nhan to lac dgng ciing chieu vdi -,: --a tang cang thang difdc sdp xd'p the. ;iLf tff giam dan:
Ap iifc cap tren (CTt l b - 0,295); Ap Iffc eong viec (CV, (h=0,276); Md'i quan he trong cong vidc (QHj (b-0,208); Ap Iffc 5^:,?^^^*^?'^="••98); v a i nha'n td tac dong am lam g,am sif cang thing eua nban vidn la Thu nhap ^ h c^ u- 1- t.d'n(TN)(b=-0,l95, ' ^^ ^gi thang
Thdng qua kd't qu.. n-hiPn -..
mot so khuyen ngh' 6,^: Tji" ."?^' qua cong viec cho nhan • -.„ „„s„ '"-
52
Thff nhd't, vi Ap Iffc cong viec vd dp bd phan can thdng cam va thau hieu vai trd, nhidm Iffc thdi gian, nha lanh dao ngSn hang vu va nhffng khd khan cua tffng phdng ban, bd phan can phan bd cdng vide cho nhan vien va cd' gang giai quye't van de mdt each hai hda, hdp hdp ly, quan tkva den khdi Iffdng cdng ly nha't.
viec hien tai nhan vien dang phu trach. Thff ba, vi Thu nhdp vd ca hpi thdng tii'n, nha quan Tff dd, phan bd Uidi gian hoan thanh tri ngan hang can quan tam de'n chinh sach Iffdng cdng vide mdi hdp ly, nham tranb tinh thffdng va phiic fdi cua nhan vidn. Trong dd, quan trang qua tai cdng vide cho nh3n vien, tam dac bidt de'n srf cdng bang, dinh raffc thffdng cho tao tam ly thoai mai, nhe nhang, giam nhan vidn cd thanh tich cao, dieu ehinh Irfdng thffdng bdt ap Iffc cdng vide. _ theo dung dinh ky. Ngoai ra, cung e^n nhan manh Thff hai, vi Ap Iffc cd'p tren; Dd'i vdi tam quan trong eua giao tid'p thdng tin 2 chidu giffa ca'p quan ly, can phai biet lang nghe, e§,'p trdn va ca'p dffdi giup nhan vidn cd day du thdng bid't thau hieu ly le tff nhan vidn cua tin de thffc hien cdng vide va xff ly va'n de khi gap minh, ndn tim each phan tieh ban chat nhiJng khd khan.
cua raau thuSn nay, de hidu dd la loai Thff tu, ve Mo'i quan hi trong cong viec, nhdn viin mau thuin xay difng hay mau thuan ngd«/ja«g can md rong md'i quan he ddng nghiep, hda xung dgng quyen ldi ea nhan. Dd'i vdi ddng vdi tap the, tff do chia se nhffng vffdng mSc phat nhSn vien, hay ludn dat minh vao vi sinh trong cdng vide nhara giam bdt ap life va sff qua tri cua cS'p quan ly trffc tid'p va ddng tai cdng viec. Nhan vidn cln tim hieu tinh each, quan nghiep phdng ban khac de hieu dffde diemeuaea'p tren va ddng nghiep deed each tie'p can, tinh cha't cdng vide cua hg va \kng nghe cff xif sao cho phu hdp nha't, tranh gay ra nhffng hieu xem vi sao quan didm eua ho Iai khac lam khdng dang cd. Ngoai ra, sff than thidn, hd trd, tdn minh. Vi muc dich cud'i ciing la ldi ieh trgng ddng nghidp va cap trdn la nhffng ydu eau khdng khach hang va toan ngan hang, ndn eac the thid'u trong mdt tap the.G
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