DOI IMdl QUAN LY
PHAN TICH CAC NHAN TO THANH CONG QUAN TRONG (CSF) CUA
^ CAC DLT AN XAY DiJNG V 6 N NGAN SACH NHA NUdC TAI fi6NG T H A P B A N G M 6 HINH PHUONG T R I N H C A U T R U C (SEM)
ANALYZING CRITICAL SUCESS FACTORS (CSF) OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE STATE CAPITAL IN DONG THAP PROVINCE USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM)
P G S . T S . L L T U T R L T d N G V A N T h . S . N G U Y E N C H A N H TAI
- BO mon Ky thuat XSy Di/ng, BH Quoc Ti, OH Qu6c Gia TRHCM Email: [email protected], OT 0972016505)
S6 Xay Di/ng B6ng Thap
Email: tai [email protected], OT: 0982658151
Tom tat
Bai vjgt nay trinh bay ceic kit quS cua si/ phan tfch cac nhin td thanh cdng quan trong (CSF) cua c^c dil ^n xay di/ng von ng§n Seich nha ni/dc tai 06ng Thap. Nghien cijfu di/dc thi/c hien blng khao s^t bang cau h6i. Cac CSF dufdc ph§n tich blng cSc cong cu thong ke: EPA, CFA, SEM. Kit quS cua nghien cufu la mot m6 hinh m6 ta m6i quan hg giiJa c^c nhdm CSF Cac cdc giai phap nhlm gia tang sif thanh cong ciJa di/ dn cung difdc di nghj vdi thuf ttf Uu tien theo tinh hieu qua.
Tir khoa: Nhan t l thanh cong quan trong (CSF); SEM; Oong Thap; EFA; CFA.
1^1
Abstract
This paper presents results of analyzing critical success factor (CSF) of construction projects financed by the state capital in Dong Thap province. The study v/as conducted through questionnaire surveys. CSFs were analyzed by statisti- cal tools: EFA, CFA, SEM, respectively The study resulted in the model describing relationship between the CSF group.
Solustions in raising project sucess also proposed with the priority in terms of effectiveness.
1. Dat v i n de
Du an xay dufng b l n g ngudn v6n ngan sach (trong bai v i l t nay goi t i t la duan xay dung cong) cd anh hu&ng Idn d i n su phat trien kinh t l - xa hoi cua tinh Ddng Thap. Du an xay dung cong trinh thuoc khu vue cong luon di kem vol mot trinh tuthu tuc tuong d l i phiic tap, lien quan d i n nhilu co quan nha nude. Do dd, xac djnh duoc cac yiu td thanh cdng quan trong (CFS) va cac giai phap se gdp p h i n lam tang su thanh cong cua du an xay dung cong. Bai v i l t nay trinh bay cac k i t qua cua mot nghien cufU n h l m phan tfch cac nhan to thanh cong du an xay dung von ngan sach tai Ddng Thap b l n g SEM. TCr dd, d l x u l t cac bien phap gia tang su thanh cong cua cac du an cong.
2. Phu-orng phap nghien ci?u
Su thanh cong cua du an xay dung cong trong bai v i l t nay duoc djnh nghTa la du an hoan thanh ma dam bao muc tieu da d l ra nhu dam bao v l khdi luong, c h i t iugng, t i l n dp, ngan sach, an toan lao dong,..., khong lang phf, thIt thoat.
Quy trinh nghien cufu bao gdm cac budc nhu sau:
- Budc 1: Tham khao nhung nghien cufu co lien quan v l s u thanh cong cua du an xay dung, tCr do loc ra nhung nhan t l thanh cong phu hop vdi du an xay dung cong. Phong v i n nhung chuyen gia cd
kinh nghiem trong quan ly thuc hien du an xay dung cdng de rut ra nhung nhan t l so bp nham thilt ke bang cau hdi.
- Budc 2: TCr nhUng nhan t6 so bp dupe rut ra d budfc 1, thilt k l bang cau hoi de thuc hien khao sat thCf nghiem (pilot test).
- Budc 3: T i l n hanh phan phat bang cau hoi thilt k l b budc 2 cho nhung chuyen gia la cac Trudng, Pho phong. Ban giam d i e cua Sd Xay dung Ddng Thap, Ban Quan ly du an, cac cong ty tu v i n thilt k l , thi cong, nhung ngudi cd tham nien trong ITnh vue xay dung cd kinh nghiem v l duan xay dung cdng tai Ddng Thap. Sau dd, thu thap sd lieu i l n 1 de loai bd nhOng nhan td cd anh hudng ft den thanh cdng cua du an xay dung cdng.
- Budc 4: lis nhOng nhan td quan trpng dupe chpn Ipc d budc 3, thuc hien thilt k l bang cau hdi ehfnh thuic. Sau dd phan phdi bang cau hdi ehfnh thufC cho nhung chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem trong thuc hien du an xay dung cdng tai Ddng Thap.
- Budc 5: Can cur duf lieu ti^ cac bang cau hdi da thu thap, thuc hien phan tfch nhan td kham pha (EFA) va phan tich nhan td khang dinh (CFA).
Budc 6: Thuc hien phan tfch md hlnh phuong trinh ciu true {SEM, Structural Equation Modeling) b l n g p h i n m I m AlVIOS.
- Budc 7: Nhan xet, danh gia k i t qua phan tfch NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 7 & 8 • 2014
PHAN T I C H CAC NHAN TO
THANH nONR QUAN TRONG...
va d l nghj cac giai phap nang cao su thanh cdng cua cac du an xay dung cdng.
- Budc 8: K i t luan.
Can cuf cac nghien cufu da cdng bd tren t h i gidi va Viet Nam (Chan et al., 2004a; Chan et al., 2004b;
Chan et al., 2004c; Li et al., 2005; Lim & Mohamed, 1999; Dang., 2011; Divakar va Subramanian, 2009;
Chua & Loh, 1999; Andersen et al., 2006; Nguyen et al., 2004), ddng thdi tham khao them y kiln chuyen gia, cd 39 nhan td thanh cdng quan trong (critical success factor, CFS) eua cac du an cdng da 6uac nhan dang so bd. Sau dd, 15 chuyen gia da dupe moi tham gia khao sat thCr nghiem. Can cur k i t qua khao sat thCr nghiem, mdt bang cau hdi ehfnh thurc da dupe thilt ke.
Bang cau hdi ehfnh thiJc dupe gCri true t i l p d i n eae chuyen gia t i ^ g tham gia trong du an xay dung edng thudc ITnh vue dan dung & cdng nghiep. N l u bang tra Idi cua chuyen gia nao khdng thudng tham gia trong ITnh vue dan dung va edng nghiep thi bj loai, khong dua vao phan tfch k i t qua. Nghien cuu da thu thap 6uac 116 bang cau hdi hpp le.
3. K§t qua nghien c i f u va thao luan
3.1. K i t qua cua phan tfch nhan t d kham pha (EFA) va phan tfch nhan t d khang djnh (CFA)
Dur lieu ti^ 116 bang cau hdi hpp le dupe nhap vao phIm m I m SPSS va thuc hien phan tfch EFA va CFA. TCr k i t qua phan tfch EFA, cd 07 nhdm nhan t l dupe dat ten nhu trong Bang 1.
Bang 1. K i t qua EFA cac nhan td thanh cdng du an x§y dung vdn ngan sach tai Ddng Thap Nh6m nlidn it 1: diTdc 6i\ tdn Id "16 chufc vd Quin ly dir in"
(g6m 08 c4c nh^n t6: QL3, QL1, QL4, QL7, QL8, Kl, QL6, QL5) QL3
QL1 QL4 QL7 QL8 Kl QL6 QL5
Td chijfc ii$ thOng kiem sodt cliSt che trong thi c6ng xdy di/ng.
Hoach ^nh k l hoach thuc hign dt/ dn higu qud.
Gidi quygt mdu thuin higu qud, nhanh ch6ng.
Phdi hop, help tac tat giQd cdc bgn tham gia di; dn.
Cdp nhat tiln dd vd chi phi thi/dng xuygn.
Hilu rd ndi dung hop d6ng.
Pham vi cdng viec vdtrach nhigm rd rdng cGa cdc bgn.
Kilm sodt higu qud cdng vigc cua thdu phu.
Nh6m nhdn it 2: diTdc ddt ten Id "Tlm nhin vd thdi dd cua chu diu tU", gpi t i t id "Chii ddu tU" (g6m 03 cdc nhdn t6: CN1, CN2, CN4)
CN1 CN2 CN4
ChiJ ddu tir xdc dinh rd pham vi, quy md di/ dn.
Quylt tdm thi/c hign muc tigu dif dn cua chu ddu tif.
Khd ndng ddp Ong tdi chinh cOa chu diu tif theo k l hoach.
Nhdm nhdn t6 3: diTdc dat tdn Id "Ndng lire nhd thiu" (gflm 03 cdc nhdn t6:CN8,CN7,CN9)
CN8 Ndng luc nhdn sif, mdy mdc, thilt bj ciia nhd thdu thi cdng.
CN7 CN9
Ndng li/c, kinh nghigm cua nhd thiu tif vin thilt k l . Ndng life tdi chinh cua nhd thiu thi cdng.
Nhdm nhdn tO 4: diTdo ddt ten Id "dnh hifdng cOa mdi tnfdng bdn ngodi" goi t i t id "mdi tnrdng ben ngodi" (gdm 02 cdc nhdn td:MT1,MT2)
MT1 MT2
SI/ i]ng hO cOa ngudi dan xung quanh khu vi/c dU dn.
SI/ ung hd cua ehfnh quyIn i^a phifdng.
Nhdm nhdn t i 5: diTdc ddt ten id "Bdn chit di/ dn" (gdm 03 cdc nhdntd:BC3,BC2,BC1)
BC3 BC2 BC1
Dif dn ddi hdi cdng nghd thi cdng hign dai.
Dl/ dn xdy di/ng tai nhOng vj tri bit idi.
Tinh phi7c tap cOadi/dn.
Nhdm nhdn t i 6: diTdc ddt ten Id "Tudn thii quy djnh vd H i sd' (g6m 03 cdc nhdn t6: Qoi, QD3,002)
QD1
QD3 QD2
Ht Sd dl/ dn thi/c hign diy du, bdn ve ky ttiudt rd rdng, khdng mdc ldi, khdng mdu thudn giUa cdc giai do^n thilt k l , git/a thilt k l v d thi cdng.
Tuan thu cdc quy tdc vg qudn ly tdi chinh (nhif quy tic qudn ly thu, chi, tam i/ng, thanh todn,...).
Khdng quan ligu, tham nhung trong thi/c hign dif dn (nhif trong li/a chon nhd thiu, thi cdng, nghigm thu,...).
Nhdm nhdn t i 7: dtfdc ddt tdn id "K4" (gdm 01 nhdn t i : K4) K4 Cdng tdc gidi phdng mdt bdng thudn ldi, giao mat bdng
dung tign dd
De kiem djnh xem md hlnh ly thuyit cd phu hop vdi tap hpp cac b i l n khao sat khdng. Phan tfch nhan td l<hang djnh (CFA) dupe thuc hien. TCr nhung thanh p h i n tren, t i l p tuc thilt lap md hlnh CFA b l n g phin m I m AMOS 16.0. De thuan tien khi dua vao mo hlnh, 07 nhdm nhan td ndi tren (Bang 1) dupe ma hda nhu trong Bang 2.
Bang 2. Ma hda 07 nhdm nhan td de dua vao p h i n m I m cho thuc hien CFA
Nhdm
nhdnti i^4?^«-,s
Tin ddydu cua nhdm nhan td ^W Td chito vd Qudn ly dU dn
Tim nhin vd thdi dd ciia chii ddu tif Ndng lite nhd thdu
Anh hifdng cua mdi tn/dng bgn ngodi Bdnchdtdifdn
Tudn thu quy Cfinh vd Hd sd
Cdng tdc gidi phdng mdt bdng thudn ldi, giao mdt bdng dung tiln dd
TC&QL CDT NLNT MTBN BCDA QD&HS K4
Kiem dinh mdc do phu hap cua md hinh CFA De do ludng miic dp phu hpp cua md hlnh vdi thdng tin khao sat, ta sir dung Chi-square (CMIN);
Chi-square d i l u chinh theo bac tudo (CMIN/df); chl sd thfch hpp so sanh (CFI_ Comparative Fit Index), GFI (Goodness of fit Index), TLI (Tucker-Lewis-
PHAN TiCH CAC NHAN TO THANH CONG QUAN TRONG.
Index), chl sd RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error Approxirnation).
TCr kit qua phan tfch ddi vdi md hlnh ban diu (chua hieu chinh), mdt sd chi sd chua dam bao md hlnh phu hpp tdt nen eIn phai dilu chinh md hlnh thdng qua he sd Ml. Ml (Modification Indices) la chi sd udc lupng su thay doi eua x2 ung vdi mdi trudng hpp them vao mdt mdi quan he kha dT (ung vdi giam mdt bac tu do). Nlu Ml chi ra ring lupng giam A x 2
> 3.84 (ung vdi giam mdt bac tu do), thi cho phep ta d l nghj mdt mdi quan he lam tang dp phu hpp cua md hlnh (Hair et al., 1998).
Sau khi hieu chinh, eae chi sd da thay doi va dam bao md hlnh phu hpp tdt. Md hlnh dieu chinh dupe the hien trong Hlnh 2.
Kiem tra gia trj hdi tu (Convergent validity) Kit qua CFA cho thIy cac gia trj trpnq sd tCr cac biln quan sat len khai niem thanh phin deu Idn hon 0.5 nen thang do dat gia trj hdi tu.
Kiem tra tfnh phan biet
Kit qua CFA cho thIy cac gia trj he sd tupng quan cua cac khai niem thanh phin diu nhd hon 1, nen cac khai niem nay dat gia trj phan biet
Chl-sqiiare=3ie.54e: df°203; P=.0OO:
Chl«)uare203=1.S59:
GFI=.822; •n.l=.S97; Cn=.917;
Hinh 1. Md hinh CFA hieu chinh di chuin hda
3.2. K i t qua tu* mo hlnh phUtfng trinh c l u true (SEM)
Vdi kit qua md hlnh CFA nhu tren, tidp tuc lap md hlnh SEM, trong dd "su thanh cdng cua duan von ngan sach (biin Yf dupe xem la mdt khai niem tilm an, khai niem nay dupe giai thfch bdi 7 thanh phin gdm: To chufC va quan ly du an; Chu diu tu;
Nang luc nha thiu; Mdi trudng ben ngoai; Ban chit du ^n; Tuan thiJ quy djnh va hd so^ Cdng tac giai
phdng mat blng thuan loi, giao mat blng dung tiln Kit qua phan tfch SEM cho thIy cac chi sd diu dam bao md hlnh tuong ddi phu hpp tdt: x'/df =
1.724 < 3.0; CFI = 0.792, TU = 0.866, CFI = .885 >
0.6; RMSEA = 0.079 < 0.8. Kit qua kiem djnh Boostrap cho thIy dp lech SE-bias rIt nhd nen cd the kit luan la md hlnh tin cay dupe.
Hlnh 2. Md hinh SEM de nghj ban diu
N I U xet din tCmg y l u td rieng le thi cac nhan td anh hudng manh din thanh cdng cua du an xay dung cdng la nhung nhan td nhu: Cdng tac giai phdng mat bang thuan lai, giao mat bing dung tiin
do; Hd sa duan thuc hien diy du, ban ye ky thuat rd rang, khdng mac ldi, khdng mau thuin glOfa cac giai doan thiit ki, giufa thiit ki va thi cdng; Nang luc nhan su, may mdc, thiit bi cua nha thiu thi cdng;...Tuy nhien, nlu xet d gdc dp nhdm tCr kit qua phan tfch md hlnh SEM cho thIy, thi su thanh cdng cua du an xay dung cdng phu thudc nhilu vao cdng tac to churc va quan ly du an (trpng sd hdi quy da chuan hda la 0.863); t l m nhln va thai dp cua chu d i u tu trpng sd hdi quy da chuan hda la 0.617); anh hudng cua mdi trudng ben ngoai trpng sd hdi quy da chuan hda la 0.531).
Cac trpng sd hdi quy da chuan hda the hien trong Hlnh 3. TCr md hlnh nay cac mdi lien he va mijfC dp anh hudng cua cac nhan td din su thanh cdng cua du an vdn ngan sach da trd nen rd rang va cu the hon. Can cur md hlnh SEM da chuan hda ndi tren. Cac ben lien quan cd the dua ra cac bien phap phu hpp de gia tang su thanh cdng cua du ah xay dung bang ngudn vdn ngan sach.
NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 7 & 8 • 2014
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P H A N TICH C A C NHAN TO THANH nONR QUAN TRuNU...
Chi«<|U>n=374.0te: dl=217; P^.OOO;
Ctll«quara217°1.72«:
GFC.792; UH-MO; CFI-.885;
RMSE*=.079
Hinh 3. Md hinh SEM da hieu chinh
4. Cac giai phap gia tang s u thanh cong cua du an xay dung vdn ngan sacii tai Ddng Thap
Viec xep hang thurtu uu tien cCia cac giai phap da d l xult theo tfnh hieu qua la quan trpng de cac ben lien quan chuan bj nguIn luc thuc hien. Phuong phap QFD (Quality Function Deployment) da dupe chpn de thue hien viec nay VI chi c I n xac djnh thu"
hang cua cac giai phap theo tfnh hieu qua nen viec ap dung QFD trong trudng hpp nay chi don gian d mot sd budc eIn thilt, bao gdm:
Budc 1: Xac dinh cac yeu cau
TCr md hlnh SEIVI da hieu chinh (Hlnh 3), 23 nh§n td anh hudng manh d i n su thanh edng cua du an dupe chpn ra. Nhung nhan td nay ehfnh la nhufhg yeu c l u c I n nhlt cua su thanh cdng cua du an (What). MCfC dp quan trpng cua nhung nhan td nay ehfnh la gia trj trung blnh (mean).
Budc 2: Xac dinh tim quan trgng cua y§u ciu
Tuong ung vdi 23 nhan td anh hudng manh neu tren, nghien eCru da d l x u l t , tong k i t dupe 23 giai phap de lam tang su thanh cdng cua du an x&y dung cdng dung tren phuong dien nha quan ly.
Budc 3: Chim diem cac giai phap va xac dinh ma tran quan he
Cac c|iai phap d l x u l t sau dd dupe t i l n hanh c h I m diem bdi cac chuyen gia cd kinh nghiem trong ITnh vue quan ly v l xay dung dan dung va cong nghiep. ChIm diem cac giai phap dUPc can cur theo mdc dp hieu qua cua giai phap dd ddi vdi cac yeu c l u (nhung nhan td thanh cdng) bao gdm: hieu qua manh, hieu qua trung blnh, hieu qua y l u va khdng hieu qua, tuong ung vdi cac sd 9, 4, 1, 0. Cac gidi phap dupe thuc hien danh gia bdi tac gia va 3 chuyen gia khac.
Budc 4: Danh gia xip hang cac giai phap Viec danh gia cac giai phap can cur vao trpng s6 CLia cac giai phap dd. Trpng sd dupe tfnh toan bang each l l y tong cdng theo cdt cua tfch sd giura diem danh gia vdi t l m quan trpng cua yeu c l u . Phin tram trpng sd mdi giai phap dupe tfnh toan tren co s6 tong trpng sd cua t i t ca cac giai phap.
Theo k i t qua phan tfch d Bang 3, cac giai phap dupe danh gia cd hieu qua manh nhlt theo thur ty i l n lUPt la: Tao mot kenh thdng tin ehung thdng suot cho tit ca cac ben (6.50%); Lua chon nha thau chu
Bang 3
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(Xem tiip trang 31)
CAN LAM T 6 T V A I TRO NONG COT...
rdng trong ca he t h i n g ehfnh trj va nhan dan v l Nghj quyet Dai hdi i l n thur Xi cua Dang, eae Nghj quylt tai cac hdi nghj thudng ky ciia Ban C h i p hanh Trung uong, cac K i t luan, Chi thj cua Bd Chfnh trj, Ban Bf thu TW
(Khda XI), tuyen truyin Chi thi sd 03- CT/TW ngay 15-4-2011 cua Bd Chfnh trj (khda XI) v l "Tiep tuc day manh hoc tap va lam theo tim guang dao dWc Ho Chi Minh", ddng thdi tuyen t r u y i n cac Nghj q u y l t cua Qudc hdi (khda XIII) va cac Nghj quylt cua Chfnh phu v l thuc hien cac giai phap d p bach k i l m c h l lam phat, dn djnh kinh t l vT md, bao dam an sinh xa hdi. Dae biet, tCrkhi tinh hlnh Bien Ddng trd nen d i l n b i l n phite tap do su ngang nguoc, hung hang, b i t c h i p luat phap qudc t l cua nha e l m quyen Trung Qudc, khi ha dat trai phep gian khoan Hai Duong 981 vao vung dac quyIn kinh t l va t h I m luc dja cua Viet Nam, vi pham nghieni trpng Cdng udc Lien Hiep qudc v l Luat Bien nam 1982, vi pham Tuyen bd v l each ung xCr cua cac ben d Bien Ddng (COC)... nhOng can bd lam cdng tac tuyen giao va dpi ngu bao cao vien cac d p da ra sute tuyen truyin gdp p h i n giur vung tran dja tu tudng, djnh hudng du luan kjp thdi theo dung chi dao ciJa Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong va cac d p Oy.
Nhln lai mdt sd hoat ddng chu y l u ed tfnh dien hlnh cua nganh tuyen giao cua Oang trong s u i t 84 nam qua, de t h I y rang trong b i t ky giai doan each mang nao cua Ijeh sir ve vang nude ta, nhung ngudi lam edng tac tuyen giao ludn ludn xung dang la luc lupng cdt can trong cdng tac TTM.
Hy vpng r i n g , vdi truyin thdng ve vang l y , vdi dpi ngu ddng dao nhung ngudi lam cdng tac TTM hien nay, thi nganh tuyen giao cua Dang se t i l p tuc gat hai them nhilu thanh cdng hon nOa, gdp p h i n thuc hien t h i n g Ipi cac chu truong, nghj quylt cua Dang, do vay can bd lam cdng tac tuyen giao phai ludn khiem t i n hpe tap, trao ddi pham c h i t chfnh trj, ren luyen dao dure each mang, nang cao nang luc hoat ddng thuc t i l n , thudng xuyen bdi dudng ky nang tac nghiep, d l that su xung dang vdi vai trd lam ndng cdt trong cdng tac TTM, dap ung dupe yeu c l u , ddi hdi v l nhiem vu tuyen giao cua Dang trong giai doan mdi.Q
PHAN TICH CAC NHAN T 6 THANH CONG QUAN TRONG (CSF)...
(flip theo trang 28)
trong vin di nang luc kinh nghiem thuc ti (6.03%); Giao chu diu tuco nang luc, nam bat rd cac yeu ciu, tfnh chit cua du an (5.65%); Ndi dung hap dong quy dinh quyin loi trach nhlern^
rd rang, mot nghTa (5.61%); Dukiin duac nhOng rui ro cd the xay ra deed bien phap ddi phd (5.33%).
5. K i t luan
Bai v i l t trinh bay cac k i t qua cOa mdt nghien eihj trong viec xem xet su anh hudng eae nguyen nhan TNLD ddn^ thdi trong mdt md hlnh khoa hpe. Mdt md hlnh ehfnh thurc the hien su anh hudng cua cac nhdm nguyen nhan TNLD da dupe de nghj thdng qua cac phan tfch thing ke thfch hpp (EFA, CFA, SEM). 15 giai phap n h l m cai thien su thuc hien ATLD trong xay dung cung da duac d l nghj vdi thur tu uu tien theo mure dp hieu qua. TCr k i t qua ndi tren, eae ben lien quan va cac eP quan churc nang cd the dua ra cac phupng an cu the rieng cho tCmg cdng trinh cu the n h l m cai thien su thue thi ATLD trong xay dung.Q
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NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 7 & 8 • 2014
