AN TOAN GIAO THONG
A n n i n h h a n g h a iSy quan kiem tra Nha nude dng bien Viet Nam tham gia kiem tra PSC tai Nhat Ban
Mdl SO luuy qua Viec
tau bien Viet Nam bi iuh dl cac cang nirclic ngoai
N
hiing nam qua, viec ra ddi d at e d cac cdng ty van tai bien da keo theo su gia tang nhanh sd lupng tau bien va nay sinh nhurng bat cap ve chat lupng dpi tau, dae biet la chit lupng sy quan thuyen vien. Oieu dd dan den he qua tat yeu la eae tau bien pham nhieu ldl khi bj PSCO (Port State Control Officer) kiem tra, trong dd ed ldl Code 30 - ldl bj luu giii tau.Theo thdng ke c d cac co quan chirc nang, nam 2008, cd 80 lupt tau thudc sd hull cua chLi tau Viet Nam bj luu giii va 6 tau bj thu hdi gily phep hoat ddng phai len da s d chua ngay. Tong sd Idi bi PSCO phat hien la 1.056 ldl, trong dd cd tdi 242 Idi Code 30,181 ldl thude ve trang thiet bj ciru hda va 173 ldl thude ve trang thiet bj ciru sinh. Ngoai ra, edn cd cac Idi ve an toan hang hai, cac Idi lien quan den nhiing trang thiet bj thude GMDSS, Idi thao tac va nhan thire c d thuyen vien, Idi ve bao quan bao dudng eae trang thiet bj tau...
Tinh trang tau Viet Nam bj luu giii gay anh hudng ldn den hieu qua khai thac va uy tin e d chii tau Viet Nam tren thj trudng qudc te. Van de cdt Idi de giam thieu tinh trang nay la viec nang cao nhan thirc cimg nhu trinh dp chuyen mdn e d sy quan thuyen vien, dac biet la nang lue
cua cac sy quan quan ly tren tau. Sy quan quan ly, mpt mat phai cd trinh dp chuyen mdn nghiep vu viing vang, mat khac phai hieu rd kha nang chuyen mdn e d sy quan d p dudi de hd trp, hudng dan va ddn ddc sy quan thuyen vien lam dimg, diy du nhiing phin viec phu trach.
De lam dupe dieu dd, thuyen trudng, may trudng va sy quan thuyen vien phai lam tdt nhiing cdng viec sau:
Cong tac thuc tap cuu sinh, ciru hoa: Neu tau chay bien thi cir ehieu Chu nhat tau tien hanh thue tap ciru sinh, ciru hda (trung binh khoang 2 tuan/lln), qua dd tat ca thuyen vien se thanh thao cdng viec nay va cac trang thiet bj ludn d trang thai san sang hoat ddng. Ngoai ra, khi tau dang khai thac tren bien, hang ngay vao budi chieu, thuyen phd 3 (sy quan phu trach cac trang thiet bj ciru sinh, ciru hda) cung phai tien hanh bao quan bao dudng nhiing trang thiet bj do minh phu trach mdt each ky ludng de ehiing ludn trong trang thai tdt, san sang hoat ddng, neu ed khiem khuyet gi d n dupc phat hien va khic phuc kjp thdi trude khi tau vao cang lam hang-Day ehinh la cdng viec quan trpng nhit de giam thieu viee tau bi luu giur.
Cong tac bao quan bao duong tau phai dupe thuyen vien cac bd phan
gijif
nam 2008
Thuyen trirong D 6 BUI H 6 N G MINH Trung tam Huln luyen thuyen vien VOSCO
boong va may lam tdt nhit ed the, dac biet la cac dng thdng gid c d him hang, c d cac ket ballast... Cd ke hoach gd gi, son tau va s d c h d hpp ly de tau ludn sach dep va du dieu kien di bien.
Djnh ky, thuyen trudng va sy quan phu trach d n kiem tra lai toan bd trang thiet bj ciru sinh, ciru hda (sd lupng, chat lupng, tinh trang cija cac trang thiet bj dd). Neu phat hien bat cir khiem khuyet nao, tau d n phai khic phuc ngay.
Trudng hpp tau khdng tu khic phuc dupc phai bao eho cdng ty de dupc hd trp kjp thdi. Ngpai ra, nhim img phd vdi kiem tra nha nude cang bien, trudc khi tau den cang 02 ngay, thuyen trudng td chirc tu kiem tra, danh gia dua theo cheek list c d PSCO de phat hien nhung khiem khuyet va kjp thdi khic phuc. Trudng hpp chua kjp khae phuc thi thdng bap eho PSCO va s d chiia ngay khi tau den cang.
Danh muc PSCO thudng kiem tra:
Cac giay chimg nhan (GCN) va tai lieu: Luu y ngay d p , ngay het han, xac nhan lin cudi...
-I- GCN Chung: GCN dang ky tau bien, Giay phep dai tau, GCN d p tau.
+ GCN theo luat: GCN man khd, GCN an toan ket d u , GCN an toan trang thiet bj, GCN an toan vd tuyen dien, GCN
5 2 - Tapchi HdnghdiVietNam • 6/2009
AN TOAN GIAO THONG A n ninh hang hiii
qudc te ve ngan n g d d nhiem dau, GCN qudc te ve ngan ngira d nhiem khdng khi, GCN mien giam (neu ed), GCN dung tich, GCN quan ly an toan, GCN phii hpp (ban sao), GCN ve an ninh tau bien,...
-I- GCN khae: GCN djnh bien tdi thieu, GCN kha nang di bien, Don bao hiem than, may tau va P&l, GCN le phi IMO, GCN diet ehudt. Hop ddng s d chua bao quan cae thiet bj radio (Ship-shore agree- ment of maintenance), cac GCN c d sy quan thuyen vien theo STGW...
-I- Tai lieu va sd tay: Thdng bao dn djnh, Xep dd hang, Ke hoach img ciru d nhiem do diu gay ra (SOPEP), Nhat ky dau, Nhat ky tau, Nhat ky rac, Ke hoach quan ly rac, Ly Ijch lien tuc, Sd d n d u . So dd kiem soat tai nan (Damage Control Plan) - odi vdi tau ddng sau ngay 01/02/1992, So tay ehing budc hang hda, file eae bien ban kiem tra e d PSCO, GCN bao dudng phao be, GCN bao dudng va kiem tra hang nam EPIRB, GCN bao dudng trang thiet bj chua chay, phan mem xep hang (Computer) vdi tau cd chieu dai tren 150m...
+ An toan chung: So dd phdng chdng chay (Fire control plans). Bang phan cdng nhiem vu. So tay huln luyen theo SOUS..'.
-I- Cac an pham hang hai va cdng udc qudc te: Cae an pham hang hai phai dupe cap nhat diy du, bao gdm: hai dd, hanh hai chi nam, danh muc den bien, danh muc radio, Sd tay cho ngudi di bien, bang thiiy trieu, Bd luat tin hieu qudc te, thdng bao hang hai, Sd tay tim ciru hang khdng va hang hai (lAMSAR tap 111)...;
cac cdng udc qudc te SOLAS, COLREG, MARPOL, STOW, ILL, Luat Hang hai c d qudc gia tau treo ed...
Cic trang thiet bi
-t- Trang thiet bj ciru sinh: Kiem tra trang thai, eae trang thiet bj, han su dung c d : cand ciru sinh (bao gdm ca trang thai c d he thdng nang ha cand), phao be, phao hieu d p ciru, phao trdn, phao ao e d sinh, bd quan ao chdng mat nhiet, thiet bj EPIRB, thiet bi phat bao radar, bd dam 2 chieu, thiet bj phdng day, thiet bj bao ddng su cd chung, he thdng truyen thanh cdng cdng...
-I- Trang thiet bj chCra chay: Kiem tra trang thai, cae trang thiet bj, han sudung e d : bom ciru hda chinh, bom ciru hda su ed, van each ly, dudng dng chua chay chinh, hpng einj hda, rdng ciru hda, dau phun, cae hop chira dau phun va rdng ciru hda, cac binh chua chay di ddng (bot, C02, bdt khd) - bao gdm ca binh bpt loai 45 lit d budng may, he thdng chua chay cd dmh C02 hoac bpt, he thdng phat hien chay, van ngat ket dau
ddt, trang bj eho ngudi chiia chay, bich ndi qudc te, den su cd, thiet bi thd sir dung cho Idi thoat su cd (EEBD), cac e d chdng chay, tim chan I d , tinh toan ven chdng chay...
-I- Trang thiet bj hang hai: Kiem tra tinh trang hoat ddng e d : la ban tir, la ban dien va cae la ban phan anh, he thdng may lai (Lai tu ddng, lai tay, lai su ed), radar va ARPA, thiet bj do sau, thiet bj do tdc dp, thiet bj chi bao gdc lai va vdng quay chan vjt, GPS, AIS (he thdng nhan dang tu ddng), thiet bj ECDIS (he thdng hai dd dien tu), den tin hieu ban ngay, den hanh hai va eae thiet bi am thanh va diu hieu (Shape)...
-I- Trang thiet bj vd tuyen dien: Kiem tra tinh trang hoat ddng c d : may VHF, may MF/HF, Inmasat-C, may thu NAV- TEX, anten, ngudn dien mdt ehieu (ac- quy su cd), dung eu va phu timg thay the, ddng hd, Nhat ky bao dudng, Nhat ky vd tuyen dien...
Khdng dang ky lan diu tau bien qua 15 tudi
Chinh phii da ban hanh Nghi dinh 29/2009/ND-CP ve dang ky va mua ban tau bien. Theo dd, CIJC Hang hai Viet Nam la ca quan dang ky tau bien qudc gia, cac chi CIJC hang hai hoac cang vu hang hai la ca quan dang ky tau bien khu vuc. Tau bien da qua sir dung, khi dang ky lan dau tai Viet Nam, khdng dugc phep qua 10 tudi neu la tau khach, qua 15 tudi ddi vdi cac loai tau khac. Tardng hgp dac biet se do Bd trudng Bd GTVT ra quyet djnh.
+ Man khd: Kiem tra tinh trang e d cac hang muc thudc ve man khd xem cd thda man cac yeu d u e d Dang kiem va an toan: diu man khd, vach bien thupng ting, tat ca cac c d tren ldl di tai bien e d thuang ting, cac e d day, mieng ham hang, e d trong khu vuc budng may, cae manholes va e d lay anh sang. Id thdng gid, dng thdng hoi, c d hiip Id, 16 thoang nude mat boong...
+ Ket d u than tau va dudng dng tren boong: Luu y kiem tra tdn boong chinh, boong giira eae mieng ham hang, tdn boong thupng ting mui va lai, dudng dng tren boong va van, him hang, ket nude ballast, dng dan cap dien, cac khoang khac, neo, nin neo va tdi neo, he thdng tdi keo, eae thiet bi nang hang, he thdng bao ddng ngap nude va he thdng dieu khien tir xa cac bom (vdi tau hang rdi), sd IMO...
-I- Cac may trong budng may: Kiem tra tinh trang eua cac may: may chinh.
may den, noi hoi. dem kin nude true chan vjt. cac may quan trong, he thdng van dng, dng hiit khd. cac thiet bi dien. tdng the budng may...
-I- Cac trang thiet bj ngan ngira d nhiem: Kiem tra tinh trang c d cac thiet bj phan ly dau nude, he thdng dng thai, bom dau can, bich ndi thai tieu chuan. Id ddt, thiet bj bao dpng ham lupng dau trong ddng thai 15 phan trieu, quan ly rac, ke hoach xir ly nude thai (ket chira nude thai va bom...).
-I- Khu vuc sinh hoat: Luu y kiem tra cae budng ve sinh, phdng tam, r d , phdng giat, he thdng thdng gid eho khdng gian sinh hoat, benh xa va thiet bj y te, bep, nha an, budng d c d thuyen vien, nai de thuc pham du tru...
Ngoai su ed gang nd lue e d sy quan thuyen vien, viec quan ly, ddn ddc, nhac nhd e d can bd cac phdng ban cung rat quan trpng. Can bp phdng, ban cin tiep tuc phat huy, duy tri tdt cac cdng viee da va dang lam nhu:
- Phdi ket hpp vdi tau de giai quyet khi phat hien cac khiem khuyet ma tau khdng tu giai quyet dupe.
- Ve viec cap nhat cho sy quan thuyen vien trude khi nhap tau: Cae phdng ban nghiep vu tiep tuc phat huy, duy tri va hoan thien hon nua ehupng trinh cap nhat eho sy quan boong, may ve chuyen mdn nghiep vu (dac biet ddi vdi nhimg chi/c danh mdi), nhat la ve eae phan, nhung eong viee e d tau ma PSCO hay kiem tra.
- Tiep tue duy tri va tang tan suit eae dot kiem tra tau de hd trp tau phat hien nhiing khiem khuyet nham khac phuc kjp thdl.
- Odn doe, nhac nhd tau trudc khi vao cang, dae biet tai nhimg cang PSCO kiem tra gat gao.
Tren day la mdt sd kinh nghiem de han che viee tau bien bj luu giir. Cd the thay, trong bdi canh nganh Cdng nghiep hang hai the gidi ngay mdt phat tnen cimg vdi su ra ddi c d nhiing con tau rat Idn va hien dai, nhiing quy dinh ngay mdt khit khe nham dam bao an toan hanh hai va ngan n g d d nhiem mdi trudng, viec PSCO tai eae cang kiem tra tau gat gao la tat yeu. Nd lue nang eao chat luong thuyen vien, kha nang quan ly c d can bp tren bd va viec thue hien eae bien phap img phd thich hop khdng nhung se gdp phan giam thieu duPC Idi khi bi PSCO kiem tra, dae biet la Idi b| luu giir tau, ma edn giiip cho viee khai thac tau hieu qua hon, ddng thdi nang eao uy tin e d cac ehu tau Viet Nam tren thi trudng van tai bien khu vuc va qudc te •
