Thi trtfcfng mdy vd thiet bi thi cong xdy dilim tqi Viet Nam

Thi trtfcfng mdy vd thiet bi thi cong xdy dilim tqi Viet Nam - Xu hifdng phdt trien

• ThS. vu NGpG PHirome

PHO TRUdNG P H 6 N G NGHI£N CUU GIA VA THI TRUOWG XAY DT/NG, VI$N KINH T £ XAY DI/NG

TOM TAT: Tai Vilt Nam. thi trudng mua ban mdy dd hlnh thanh tfl khd tdu va da cd bu6e phdt triln nhlt djnh ciing vdi qud trinh phIt triln cua ngdnh edng nghi|p sdn xuat xdy dyng. Hiln nay, vile thul may vd thilt bi thi cfing xdy dyng td vile phfi bien vd dem lai hilu qui cao d de nude phdt triln. bdi biln phlp ndy cfl thi sfl dyng dupe tfi! da cflng suit dflng thdi gidm ehi phf dlu tu mua Sim ban ddu cung dc ehi phi bdo quIn. hao mdn. Bli vilt khdi quit vl thi trudng mIy va thilt bi thi cdng xly dyhg tai Viet Nam vl xu hudng phdt triln dich vy eho thul mdy xdy dyng trong tuong lai.

T

ai Vilt Nam thirt gian qua. gil trj sin xultxdydyng lufln trong danh sdch diing ddu cfl tfle dfl Idng trudng cao trong d c ngdnh sin xudt Gid t^ nglnh sdn xult cflng nghi|p vd xly dyng lufln cd sy ting tnjflng trln 15% hdng ndm.

Vdi Idc dfl xdy dyng nhanh chflng, M|t Nam dang trd thdnh thj trudng mdi nfli hip din nhdt Ddng Nam A v l dc thilt bi.

mIy mflc xly dtmg

Nhftig con sfl In tupng, ciing d c cflng irudng tiln tyc mpe lln sufit chilu dll dIt nude hln nhiln khdng Ipt khdi tlm mdt ciia cle nhd cung d p thilt bi, mdy mflc xly dyng trong nudc eung nhu thi gidi. Bdi vdi cdc cdng trinh xdy dyng ngly cdng hien dai, nhdt td xu hudng tin dyng khflng gian nglm, chle chin cdc nhl thdu xdy dyng, don vi thi cflng cflng trinh phli trang bi dfing bfl nhflrig toai mdy mflc, thilt bi xly dUng tiln tiln, hi|n dai d l ddp dng nhu d u ciia nglnh xdy di^g trong nudc Cfl thi nfli, dly II nhu d u cfl thIt vl rat bflc thilt. nhung ngdnh cdng nghiip co khi oia Viet Nam HtMNHIfxArDlAG

v l CO bin tai chua sin xudt dupe d c ioai mdy mdc xdy dyng cfl ihl dip flng dupe v l tinh ndng ky thudt, sfi tupng, dfl da dang ciing nhuchit tupng thi cflng xdy dyng cflng trinh.

Ciing vdi xu thi hfii nh|p slu r^ng vdo kinh i l thi gidi, sdn xudt xdy dung vd khoa hpc cflng nghi da vd dang cd nhflng bude phIt triln Nhilu cflng ngh|

thi cflng xly dyng mdi trong ngdnh xdy dyng xuat hi|n ddp flng ylu d u thyc tUn. Theo dfl td sy xult hi|n ciia nhilu loai mdy vl ihilt bj thi cfing tiln tiln ed ndng suit cao hon, die tfnh ky thudt hi|n dai hon, gilm bdt sfle lao dflng thCi cflng ciia con ngudi gflp phln kich thfch cho sy phdt triln cfla th| trudng mdy vl thilt bi thi cflng xdy dyng tai Vilt Nam.

1. Gcr cau t h | truvng mdy va thiet bi thi cong x a y dung tai Viet Nam Theo sfi lieu ude tinh cfla Hi|p hfli Doanh nghiep Co khi Mit Nam (VAMI), hi|n Vi|t

Nam cd khoing 150,000 nhd thIu xdy dyng, trong dfl ed khoing 2.000 nhd thlu ed Idn vd vOa. nln nhu d u v l mdy mflc xly dyng se rlt Idn. Theo thfing kl hdng ndm, nudc ta ed kim ngach nh|p khIu mdy xdy dyng vdo khoing 2 -f 3 ty USD/

ndm, vdi sfi lupng vIo khoing 12.000 + 15.000 chile, vd eho ylu td nhdm mIy xiJc ddo, mdy fli, mdy tu.

Chi phi dlu tu mua sdm mdy xdy dyng mdi II khd cao, nln tai thj trudng Vi|t Nam hi|n nay, vi|c nhdp khIu chilm din 95% fa mIy cu dd qua sil dyng. Bin c^nh ly do khi ndng tdi chinh cCia d c doanh nghiip Viet Nam chua manh thi bdi mflc gid ciia mdy cu nhdp tuong dfii hip dSn, chl blng 1/3 -4-1/4 so vdi gid mua mfli.

Mflt sfi nude, ed lupng mIy xdy dyng nhap khdu Idn vao Vi|t Nam cfl thi kl din nhu Nhdt. Hln Quflc, Trung Qufie vS My. vdi d c hang nfli tiing nhu; Komatsu (Nhdt Sdn), Hiiachi (Nhdt Bdn), Kobeico (Nh|t Bdn), Doosan (Hdn Qufie), Hyundai (Hdn Quflc), Daewoo (Hdn Quflc) vl Cai- erpillar (My),

(NEWS) t M m TM a n i y a j ivi!tf_

• Mayxucdao

• Mayui

I Xelu I May xay dimg khac

B * as 1. TJ trong nhSp khau miy xay dimg thm chijng loai

BISi(M 2.1} a^ng „h|p khSu miy , s , dj,„g „ , „ ^ „ j ^ g.^

• Komatsu

I Kobeico I Hitachi I KhSc

BI&«J.Ij»,n,„hSpkhiumiy,a,d«,g«„„d,i„gl„|,QOy,«„a

I 2. Tlij tnrong mua ban

•nay xay dung

Tai Viet Nam, thi trudng mua bar may da I hinh thanh tir kha iSu va da c6 butic phat trien nhat ijnh ciing ven' qua trinh phit tri^n ciia nganh cflng nghiip sin xuit xly dung. Tuy nhien, so luting may va thiet bi thicong xay dyng nhip khau cu coxuatxU tit cic nudc phit trien nhu Nhit Bin, Hin Quo, iVIy... vin chiem ty trpng idn tren thi tmdng Trtjng khi dd, thi trudng nhip khIu vi mua bin miy xiy dyng mdi 100% iai chO y^u cd xuat xd td Trung Quoc vdt cic thudng hieu da dypc bigt den d Viet Nam nhu MINGW, Dynapat Liugong, XCMG.

bdl yeu td gii ban thlp »S rit canh tranh so vdi Chung loai miy xiy dyng cdng ioai cd xuit xdtd cic nudc phit trien C6 thi nhin thiy nhu cau mua bin may nhip khau nhon nhip tsi cic tinh, thinh cd dieu klen kinh te xi hdi phit triln vi diu tuxay dyng idn nhu Hi Ndi. thinh phd Hd Chl Minh. Hii Phdng, B i Njng, D«ng Nai, Blnh Duong.., vdi rit nhilu cic bii bin miy xiy dyng dip Ung tdi da nhu d u cda bin thul. Mac du chua cd thdng kl chinh xic nhung Iheo ydc tinh cd khoing 450 ddn v| tham gia nhap khlu cic Id* thilt bl miy xiy dyng vi cung cip dich vy mua bin miy xly dyng trln th| trudng Trong guy i/2016, theo udc tinh cua Tdng eye Hii quan, cdng vdi di ting trudng cua nln bnh t l , nhu ciu xiy dung trong nude ting, die biet ii ddi vdi nhdm edng trinh dau ty xiy dyng co S() ha ting ky thuit, lyqng miy xiy dyng nh|p khlu vl nude ta cao hon so vdi mdc cdng ky nam 2015 Chiing loai miy xiy dung nhip vl nudc ta chu ylu ii miy xdc dio, miy 01 vi xelu dlu tang so vdi nim 2015 Theodd, sd iuong miy xue dio nhip vl trong Quy 1/2016 dat khoing trln 3 500 chile v« tr|

gii uOc dat 55,7 trilu USD, ting 13,8% ^ luong vi 10,2% vl tri gii so vdi edng ky nam trudc. Nhdng nhin hilu miy xue dSo, miy dl vi xe lu dupe nhip vio nude ta la nhdng nhin hi|u quen thudc nhu Komatsu kobeico, Hitachi

^BmTtxArajut g)

iTWlHO TW CHUVEN mAKH (NEWS)

3. Th| OVDng cho thue may xay dung - Xu hvong phat trien trong tirong lai

Hf#n nay, viec thue may vd thiet bi thi cfing xay dyng la viec pho bien vd dem lai hieu qud cao 6 edc nUdc phdt trien, bfii bien phap ndy co the sCf dung duoe toi da cong sudt dfing thdi giam chi phi dau tif mua sdm ban dau ciing cac chi phi bao qudn, hao mon. Tai Nhdt Ban, noi md thi tn/iJng thue may rat phdt tri^n, viec thu§ mdy vd thiet bi thi cfing xdy dung ti/ nhieu ndm qua duoc coi nhu la mfit gidi phdp tfii uu cua hdu het cdc nhd thdu xdy dyng, ben sfi it cdc nhd thdu CO the ty bo ra mpt so tien Idn d^

ddu tu mua sdm tdt ed cdc loai mdy va thik bj phyc vu Ihl cfing xdy dung cfing trinh. Trong khi dfi, hi$u qud ciia viec ddu to mua sdm thudng khfing cao, vife vdn chuyin thi^t bi thi cfing den cflng trudng ddc bi$t d nhung noi xa xoi thi tfin k^m vd tiem Sn rui ro.

Tai Vi^t Nam, thdi gian qua, thj trudng cho thue mdy dd vd dang cd nhung budc phdt triln nhdt dinh. Nhfim thi tn/dng eho thue md/ ehu y l u phdt triln d cdc tinh thdnh Idn, noi cd nhu cdu xdy dyng cao, dilu ki$n kinh t l xd hfii phdt triln.

Hi^n nay. dfii vdi cdc nhd thdu thi cdng xdy dyng, bin c^nh nhiJng tdp dodn vd tfing cfing ty tdn v&\ chiing loai mdy sdn cd thi phdn idn cdc nhd thdu xdy dyng dlu c6 hoat ddng thul mdy xdy dung d l phyc vu cfing tdc thi cong, bdl tinh ti|n dgng, hi^u qud vd nang sudt cao hon hdn. Qua khdo sdt mOt sfi nhd thdu xdy dyng tu nhdn cd quy mfi vya vd nhfi eho thIy, ed din trln 7096 sfi tupng may xdy di,mg sd dyng thi cfing xdy dyng cong trinh dude cdc nhd thdu sy dgng hinh thyc thul khodn. Hinh thdc thul mdy ti/ng budc da t h i hiln tinh hi|u qud hon hdn so vdi hinh thdc ddu tu mua sdm mdi dfii vdi cdc nhd thdu xdy dyng hi^n nay.

hoat phu hop vdi tilhg cdng trinh vd nhu cdu cua ben thul, cy thi:

+ Cho thul may theo thang + Cho thue may theo ea + Cho Ihul mdy theo khfii tuong thi cfing Phiftjng thdc cho thue mdy theo thdng duoc ap dung cho nhCrng cfing trinh c6 khoi tuong cfing tdc xdy dimg Idn, thdi gian de hoan thanh cdng viec klo dai theo tiln dp thi cdng xdy dyng cfing trinh hodc vl tri cdng trinh d viJng sau, viing xa so vdi dia dilm cua bin eho thul mdy. Phuong th^c nay hiln nay duoc ed bin eho thul va bin thul tua chpn sd dung rdng rai.

Phuong thdt cho thul mdy theo ca thudng duoc ap dyng khi cdng tdc xdy dung ed the duoc thyc hiln iiln tyc, khfing hoac ft cd su gidn do^n vd hodn thanh trong thdi gian ngdn. Vj trf cfing tfinh thudng d gdn noi eung cdp djch vu cho thul mdy d l vile vdn chuyin mdy din duoc thudn ti§n vd gidm ehi phf Phuong thdc eho thul mdy theo khfi;

lupng thi cfing di/oe dp dgng vdi cdng viec cd t h i hodn thdnh liln tgc, khfii luong edng vile it hodc eln hodn thdnh gdp d l thyc hiln cac budc cfing vi|c khac tilp sau dd Hieu suit mdy thifdng duoc sd dyng tfii da trong phuong thdc eho thul nay. Phuong thdc ndy kich thich tdng ndng suat tao ddng vd hi|u sudt sd dung mdy, ed tfnh chdt khodn, do vdy no cung thudng duoc isu tiln lua chpn.

- Cdc phuong thdc cho thul mdy dp dung trln thi trudng hi|n nay khd da dang, linh

Tuy vao nhu cau, khd ndng cCia bin thul vd ben eho thul md edc phuong thdc nlu trln lai chia ra hinh thdc thul mdy 'khd' va thul mdy "udt" Theo dd, hlnh thdc thul mdy 'khd' Id hlnh thdc bin cho t h u l chf cung cap mdy md khdng kem theo nhiln tilu eho mdy hoat dfing.

Trong khi dd, hlnh thdc thul mdy Vdt"

thi se bao gfim lufin cd chl phi nhiln li|u.

Hinh thdc thul mdy'khfi'dudc thyc hi|n vdi edc loai mdy xdy dyng sd dgng ndng I lupng di|n nhu cdn true thdp, cdc loai I L

mdy gia cong kim ioai. mdy hdn.. Hinh thdt thue mdy'khd'dupe thyc hiln vdi cdc loai mdy xay d\fi\g sis dung ndng lupng xdng, ddu diezel nhu mdy ddo, xue, ui bdi tinh kinh t l cua b i n thul. Tuy nhiln, tuy vdo timg trudng hop cy thi, cdc bin s i CO nhiing thfia thudn chi tilt trong hpp dfing t h u l mdy tiln quan din edc yeu ^ khac nhu chi phi vdn chuyin, sda chiJa bdo dudng nhfi, Idp ddt. d l dam bdo tfnh linh hoat.

Uen quan den cfing eg phdp ludt d l tao dilu kiln cho thj trudng cho thul mdy xdy dyng phat trien, trong cdc van bdn liln quan din vi|c tua chpn nhd thdu t^i Vi§t Nam thi vile nhd thdu sd hOu mdy van cd dupe nhdng uu t h i nhdt djnh khi ddnh gia tya chon v l mdt ky thudt, dilu ndy phdn ndo han chl sy phdt triln cCia thi trudng eho thul mdy thffi gian qua Tuy nhiln, theo nhan djnh cija nhilu chuyin gia, trong xu t h i hfy nhdp phdt tnen, hi|u qud eda vi|c thul mdy vd thilt b! thi cflng xdy dyng dlu dupc cdc nhd thdu nhdn biet nln xu hifdng thul mdy vd thilt bj thi cfing xdy dyng se IJ phfi bien tai Viet Nam trong thdi gian tdi vd hOa hen nhilu tilm nang phdt triln trong tuong lai *

[1] Quyit djnh s6 186/2002/QD- TTg eda Thd tudng chlnh phd vi phi duyet Chlin lupc phdt triin ngdnh ca khi Viit Nam din ndm 2010, tdm nhin din ndm 2020.

[2] Cue thdng ki TP Hd Ndi, TP H6 Chi Minh, TP Dd Ndng, Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh tixd hpl Quy 1/2016.

[3] rdng cue hdi quan. Website.

[4] FPT Securities, Bdo cdo Ngdnh xdy dung,

[5] Hiip H^i nhd thdu Xdy dung VlitNam(VACC).