DIEN DAN QUY HOACH PHAT TRIEN %
Kh^c phuc nhifng yeu kem bS't cap trong
cong tac quy hoach nganh, san pham d Viet Nam
TS. NGO C 6 N Q THANH Ph6 Vg trudng Vg Qu^n l:y' quy ho^ch Bp Ke ho^ch vd D^u tif
Nhffng yd'u kem bS't cSp
PhUOng phdp, quy trinh I4p
quy hogch
Quy hogch dan le. tdch rdi.
thii'u linh lien kel hi thdng. Ddy Id bat cap trdm trpng nhat trong phffdng phdp tid'p can Idp quy hoach ngdnh, linh vffc vd sdn pham chii yd'u hidn nay.
Quy hoach phai mang tfnh khoa hpc \a ddng bd, dd la hai mat ciia mdt vd'n d l bd sung cho nhau. Nd'u tfnh todn khdng khoa hpc se gdy lang phf thidt hai, cdn nd'u thid'u ddng bp se 1dm giam nang sud't, kem hidu qua. Trong hau hdt cdc quy hoach dffdc lap vffa qua, yd'u td' khoa hpc vd ddng bd chffa dffdc coi trpng, ndn khi nghidn cffu lap quy hoaeh, do nhilu nguydn nhan, cdc quy hoach thffdng dffdc nghidn cffu ddn le, thdm chf tdch rdi tffng cdng doan trong chudi sdn xud't de nghidn cffu lap quy hoach.
Vi du dien hinh vl thid'u lidn kd't he thd'ng the hidn trong quy hoach mang Iffdi kd't cd'u ha tang giao thdng van tai. Cdc quy hoach mang Iffdi giao thdng dffdng bd, mang Iffdi dffdng sdt, mang Iffdi dffdng cao td'c, he thong cang hdng khdng, he thd'ng cdng bien diu dffdc lap, tham dinh vd phd duydt ridng re.
Chfnh vi vdy dd ddn den tinh trang thieu ddng bd trong he thdng ket cd'u ha tang ngay tff khdu dau tidn Id quy hoach.
Khep kin trong nghiin citu, thieu sif tham gia cua cong ddng vdo qud trinh xdy dt/ng quy
Quy ho^ch phat trid^n ng^nh, s^n ph^m la coT sd quan trpng 6i c^c cd quan qu^n ly nha nUdc xem x^t c^p giSfy chuTng nh$n d^u tif cho c^c t^ chiifc, ci nhdn thi/c hi^n dl/ ^n cua hp. Trong nhffng ndm gin ddy, cdng tdc quy hoach phdt tri^n ngdnh vd san ph^m da dif^c cdc bO, ngdnh va dfa phifoTng chu trpng. Tuy nhi^n, trong qua trinh thi/c hi^n nhilu yS'u kem, b^t cdp nay sinh, cIn tim giai phdp khdc phiic.
hogch. Cdc quy hoach hidn nay ehii yd'u vdn mang tinh dp ddt, sff dung quyin life nhd nffdc de diiu chinh cdc hanh vi phdt trien trong xd hdi, khdng cd sif tham gia ciia cdc dd'i tffdng diiu chinh vd chiu tdc ddng cua quy hoach. Trong cdc van bdn quy pham hffdng dan quy tnnh lap quy hoach phdt triin ngdnh, sdn pham chffa cd vdn bdn ndo quy djnh vide phdi ed sff tham gia eua cdng ddng vdo qud trinh xdy dffng quy hoach. Nd'u cd thi vide Id'y y kid'n tham gia ciia cdng ddng chi mang tinh hinh thffc, dd'i phd. Vi vdy vai trd ciia cdng ddng trong cdng tdc Idp quy hoach cdn md nhat vd ft dem lai hidu qud. Hau hd't cdc quy hoaeh phdt trien ngdnh, sdn phd'm diu thid'u vdng sff tham gia gdp y ciia cdc nhd khoa hpc, cdc hiOp hdi doanh nghidp vd cpng ddng cff ddn cd lidn quan.
Qud chd trgng ve nhu edu phdt trien, coi nhe tinh todn cdn ddi nguon luc thuc thi quy hogch.
Hdu hdt cdc quy hoach da dffdc phd duydt trong nhffng nam gan ddy diu dffdc lap dffa trdn cdch tiep can tff vide nghidn cffu nhu edu phdt triin ddt ra d l ddp ffng mue tidu phdt triin kinh td' xa hpi. Dffa ra qud nhilu cac chffdng trinh vd dtf dn d l kdu gpi, xiic
tid'n dau tff. Vide Iffa chpn danh mue dff dn ffu tidn dau tff thidu khoa hpc dan den tinh trang ddu tff ddn trai, kdm hidu qua.
Cdc tfnh todn cdn doi ngudn life cho phdt trien cdc ngdnh nhin chung cdn sd sdi, chffa ddt nganh, ITnh vffc quy hoach trong tdng thi loan bd nin kinh td', khdng lam rd dffdc khd ndng huy ddng ngudn life va Id tnnh dau tff phdt trien.
Ba't c$p ve ngi dung quy hogch
Tinh du bdo kem vd tdm nhin han hep ddn din chdt luang quy hogch khong ddm bdo.
Quy hoach la dinh hffdng cua sff sdp xd'p hdp ly va khoa hpc ede yd'u to' vdt cha't cua mOt ngdnh, mdt dja phffdng nham phdt huy td'i ffu tilm ndng va hidu qud hoat ddng cua chiing d l phuc vu cho phdt trien. Quy hoach phdt triin ngdnh, linh vffc phai nhdm mue dich la lam cho ngdnh, ITnh vffc dd phdt triin hidu qud, ddng bd, hai hod trong tdng thi nIn kinh te qud^c dan d pham vi qud'e gia hay rdng hdn Id ddt quoc gia trong sff phdt triin chung todn edu vdi xu hffdng hdi nhdp qudc tl". Tam nhin cua ngffdi lap quy hoach quyd't dinh phdn Idn dd'n kd't qud phat triin cda nganh hay dia phffdng.
12 Kinh t^ va Dif bao
Dff bdo diing la ed sd quan trpng de ed quy hoaeh ehd't Iffdng. Thd' nhffng lai Id khdu yeu kem nhd't hidn nay d Viet Nam trong qud trinh nghidn cffu lap quy hoach, ddn dd'n tinh trang quy hoaeh xa rdi thife te va tiiffdng xuydn phai diiu chinh mdt each bi ddng. Hau hd't ede nha quy hoaeh diu gap khd khdn trong vide dff bdo nhu eau tang trffdng trong pham vi 5-10 nam va cdng khd khan hdn khi dff bdo dai han tdi 20 nam.
Tdm nhin han hep thi hien rd nhd't trong quy hoach phdt triin he thdng edng biln. Quy hoaeh edng biln dd'n nam 2010, dffdc Thu tffdng Chfnh phu phd duydt tai Quyd't djnh so 202/1999/QD- TTg, ngay 12/10/1999, chffa ddp ffng dffdc ydu edu cdng nghidp hod, hidn dai hod da't nffdc trdn ed sd tid'n bd khoa hpc cdng nghd hdng hai vl quy md, trang thid't bj, ddy chuyin cdng nghd, he thd'ng quan ly, d l cd thi tffng bffdc dffa nffdc ta hdi nhdp vd du sffc canh tranh trong hoat ddng edng biln vdi cdc nffdc. Theo quy hoach, dd'n ndm 2010, trong he thdng cang biln Viet Nam chffa cd cang nffdc sdu tid'p nhdn tdu trpng tai Idn ndn hdng hod Viet Nam ehu yd'u vdn phdi trung chuyen qua Hdng Kdng, Singapore vd Dai Loan, 1dm tang gid thdnh va gidm sffc canh tranh.
Ngi dung quy hogch chong cheo, trung lap, mdu thudn.
Dien hinh cho sff trung lap vl
Cac quy hoach hiOn nay chu yeu vSn mang tinh ap d^t, svl dung quyin Itfc nha
mi6c di d i i u chinhcac hanh vi phat triin trong xa hdi, khdng CO sri tham gia cua cac dd'i trfcfng d i i u chinh va chiu tac ddng cua quy hoach.
ndi dung quy hoach Id trong ngdnh dau khf, Bd Cdng thffdng ed kd' hoaeh lap 7 dl an quy hoach: Quy hoaeh tdng thi phdt trien nganh dau khi Viet Nam dd'n nam 2020, Quy hoach phdt triin he thd'ng dff trff dau thd va cdc sdn phd'm xang dau dd'n ndm 2020, Quy hoach cdc dilm kho khf thien nhidn hod Idng (LNG) trdn pham vi cd nffdc dd'n nam 2020, Quy hoach tdng the dffdng dng xang dau Viet Nam dd'n nam 2020, Quy hoaeh phdt trien he thd'ng sdn xud't va phdn phd'i khi hod Idng Viet Nam dd'n nam 2020, Quy hoach phdt trid'n nganh cdng nghidp khf Viet Nam dd'n 2020, Quy hoach phdt triin ITnh vffc djeh vu dau khi dd'n nam 2025, cd xet tdi nSm 2030.
Mau thuan giffa cdc quy hoach the hidn dffdi nhilu hinh thffc, nhilu mffe dp khdc nhau, phan Idn xay ra giffa cae quy hoach cung cap phd duydt. Giffa quy hoaeh phdt triin he thd'ng edng biln (Bd Giao thdng van tdi chii tn lap) vd quy hoach chung xdy dffng thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh (Bd Xdy dffng ehu tri lap) do Thu tffdng Chfnh phu phd duydt, dff bdo Iffdng hdng hod thdng qua cang thdnh phd sai khdc qud Idn.
Mdu thudn giffa quy hoach cua Trung ffdng va quy hoach ciia tinh cung tffdng ddi phd bid'n.
Tff mdu thudn trong quy hoach phdt triin td't yd'u ddn den mdu thudn trong cdc quyd't dinh ddu tff va Id nguydn nhdn gdy ra tranh chd'p giffa cae doanh nghidp, giffa doanh nghidp vdi cd quan quan ly nhd nffdc. He qud Id cdc doanh nghidp phai gdnh chju hdu qud nang nl khi quyd't djnh dau tff vdo khu vffc cd xung dot vl quy hoach.
Ngi dung quy hogch xa rdi thuc te vd thii'u khd thi, vi pham nguyin tdc thi trUdng.
Ddnh gid vl Quy hoach phdt trien nganh cdng nghidp mdy Viet Nam giai doan 2006-2015, cd xet den nam 2020, Gido sff Kenehino Ohno, Gidm dd'c Didn dan phdt triin Viet Nam (VDF) cho rang, ban quy hoaeh xe may xa rdi thffc td'. Quy hoaeh ddt ra
mue tidu: Sdn xud't dffdc cac loai xe mdy phdn khd' Idn hdn
125em3, xe tay ga cao cd'p, xe thi thao, xe mdy 3-4 bdnh cho ngffdi tdn tdt, xe dia hinh phuc vu du lich, xe van chuyin ndng sdn phuc vu trong nffdc va xud't khau.
Phd'n dd'u nam 2015 ede loai xe nay dat tren 30% san Iffdng toan ngdnh. Phd'n dd'u xud't khdu xe mdy va phu tiing xe mdy dat khodng 400 tridu USD. Dd'n nam 2020 phd'n dd'u xud't khau xe gan mdy vd phu tiing xe gan may dat 500-800 trieu USD, trong dd 15- 20% la cdc loai ddng cd, xe may sff dung nhidn lieu sach.
Theo gido sff Kenichi Ohno, vide dat ra mue tidu xud't khau nhff trdn la rd't khd hidn thffc hod, bdi le thj trffdng Viet Nam khdc vdi thj trffdng cac nffdc khac nhff Trung Qudc hay Indonesia. Neu ep cdc doanh nghiep xud't khau thi doanh nghidp se phdi thay ddi tff chien Iffdc dau tff ddi han dd'n ngan han, thay ddi djnh hffdng mdu ma sdn pham d l phia hdp vdi cdc thi trffdng dd, trong khi van phdi phii hdp vdi thj trffdng ndi dia.
Yeu kem trong qudn ly vd td chitc thUc hifn quy hogch
Qudn ly quy hoach da dffdc quy dinh cu thi tai Nghi djnh sd 92/2006/ND-CP, ngay 7/9/2006 ve lap, phd duyet vd quan ly quy hoach tdng the phdt triin kinh te' xd hdi (trong dd bao gdm ed quy hoach phat trien ngdnh, ITnh vffc, sdn phd'm), Nghi dinh sd' 04/2008/ND-CP vl sffa ddi, bd sung mdt sd diiu ciia Nghi dinh 92/2006/ND-CP.
Tuy nhidn thdi gian qua edng tac qudn ly quy hoach dd bj budng long, till hidn: Cdng tdc kd' hoach dd'i vdi quy hoach khdng dffdc thffc hidn nghiem tiic. Hau hd't cdc cd quan-ehu tri quy hoach xdy dffng ke hoaeh lap quy hoach hang ndm dffa trdn nhu eau cua eac ed sd, khdng xud't phdt tff sif can thid't, ydu eau cd'p bdeh cua quy hoaeh; Vide tham dinh quy hoaeh eon mang tfnh hinh thffc, khep kfn trong tinh trang "vffa dd bdng, vffa thdi cdi"; Vide gidm
Economy and Forecast Review [ 13
I
DIEN DAN QUY HOACH PHAT T R I ^ N
sat, kilm tra, thanh tra ddi vdi cdng tdc quy hoach chffa dffdc coi trpng diing mffe.
Thffc te' trong khau id chffe quy hoaeh, cd id I nhilu quy hoach phdt iricn dffdc cap cd thd'm quyin phe duy^t, nhffng khdng dffdc thffc hidn nhff da dffdc phd duydt hoac dffdc ihffc hidn nhffng khdng tudn theo ddy dii ndi dung da phe duypt vd kdt qud la khdng dem lai y nghTa nhff mong mudn. Cdc ke hoach phdt trien hdng nam chffa thffc sff bam sdt. cu the hod cdc quy hoaeh phdt trien dd dffdc duydt.
Di tim nguydn nhSn
Tinh trang yd'u kem, bat cdp trong cdng tdc quy hoach phdt trien nganh, san pham d Viet Nam hidn nay bdt ngudn tff 3 nhdm nguydn nhdn chfnh sau day:
Thif nhd't. nguyin nhdn liin quan din ca chi' qudn ly
Nguydn nhdn ndi bat trffdc het la cd ehd' qudn ly chia cat, khdng ddng bd trong ITnh vffc quy hoach 1dm dnh hffdng nghidm trpng dd'n vide qudn ly quy hoach. Cd chd' qudn ly chia eat khdng chi tdc ddng tdi sff chdng cheo, mdu thuan, bat cap trong quy hoach ma cdn tao ra sff van hanh true trac eiia todn bd he thd'ng qudn ly.
Vide ciing mdt luc, cdc cd quan khdc nhau lap cdc quy hoach phdt triin trong mdt mdt bang viing, td't yd'u dan dd'n nguy cd thid'u ddng bd, chdng chdo, mdu thuan, chffa ke dd'n bdn thdn sd' Hdu cd sd, cdc tidu chi tinh todn dd khdng triing khdp. Hdu qua la cdng cu qudn ly quy hoach khdng t h i sff dung dffdc mdt cdch hidu qud, thdm chi cdn bj vd hidu hod bdi trdn ciing mdt vj trf mdt bang cd the dffdc chi dao thffc hidn cdc mue dfeh siir dung dd't khde nhau vdi ranh gidi quy hoach khdc nhau.
Thif hai, nguyin nhdn liin quan din phdp ludt vi quy hogch
Trong suot thdi gian qua, nffdc ta chffa h i cd mdt van bdn cap
Ludt Irifc tid'p diiu chinh cdc hoat ddng quy hoaeh phdt triin kinh td'
xd hdi.
Cd sd phdp ly liC'ii quan dd'n quy hoach ndi chung vd quy hoach phdt triin ngdnh, sdn phdm ndi ridng chffa dff0c hodn thidn.
Cdc che ldi xff ly vi pham trong cac khdu Idp, thIm djnh, phd duydt va id chffe thffc hipn quy hoach chffa dffdc quy djnh cu thi, mffe xff phat cdn qud nhe, chffa dii sffc ran de.
Cac quy djnh v l sff tham gia gdp y d l an quy hoach cdn chung chung chffa the hidn rd iraeh nhiem cdng vide ciia cac ben lien quan, chffa quy djnh cdch thffc, thdi han, trdch nhidm gidi trinh vd gidm sal vide Idy y kid'n cpng ddng.
Thif ba, nguyin nhdn lien quan din nhdn lUc qudn ly, tham mUu vd tu vdn quy hogch
Nhdn thffc vd quan nidm v l quy hoach phdt triin cdn qud nhilu d i l m chffa thdng nhd't giffa cdc cd quan qudn ly vd tff van quy hoach, giffa Trung ffdng vd dja phffdng. Sff Idn xdn trong quy hoach nhff hidn nay ehii yd'u do ede ed quan qudn ly, cdc td chffe tff vd'n quy hoaeh vd dpi ngu ehuydn gia tff vd'n quy hoaeh phdt trien cdn thid'u ndng life chuydn mdn, thid'u tdm nhin vd khd ndng dff bdo kdm.
Nhilu ndi lam dung cum tff
"quy hoach" mdi cdch tuy tien.
Nhilu chffdng trinh dff dn, d l dn khdng phdi quy hoach cung dffdc dffa thanh quy hoach. Mdt so ndi d l xud't Idp nhffng quy hoach ky qudc, khdng can thid't.
Giai phdp ddi mdi
Ddi mdi cdng tdc Idp quy hoach dang dffdc ddt ra nhff mdt ydu cau thffc tien, cd'p bdeh.
Qudc Hdi da dffa Ludt Quy hoach vdo chffdng trinh soan thdo luat ndm 2012, nhffng tinh hinh chung da dd'n mffe rat cd'p bdeh phdi chdn chinh. Vi vdy, can thffc hidn sdm mdt so bidn phdp sau ddy:
Mgt Id, phdi thay ddi phuang
phdp Idp quy hogch cho phd hgp vdi chiic ndng cua quy hogch trong tinh hinh mdi. Djnh hffdng phdt triin, hffdng ddn diiu hdnh vd Idm cd .sd d l xdy dffng cdc ke hoaeh phdt triin, cd chd' ehfnh sdch vd gidi phdp Idn d tam vT md cho thffc hidn cdc mue tidu phdt triin da d l ra.
D l ddp ffng cdc ydu edu trdn can phdi cd sff phd^i hdp nhieu ITnh vffc d trinh dp cao. Trong bdi ednh cd che phd^i hdp giffa cdc bp ngdnh vd dja phffdng, giffa cdc cd quan trong ciing mdt bd, mdt dja phffdng chffa dat ydu cau cua trinh dp phdi hdp dd, bdn canh cdc td ehffc tff vd^n quy hoach dpc lap, can thdnh lap mdt td chffe tff vd'n quy hoach d tam qudc gia vd khu vffc (tam gpi Id Vidn Quy hoach qudc gia) phdi tdn tai dpc lap khdng bj ehi phd'i bdi cdc ldi Ich nhdm. To ehffc ndy cd trdch nhidm phdi hdp vdi ede td ehffc, cd nhdn trong va ngodi nffdc nghidn cffu lap todn bd cdc quy hoaeh tdng t h i phdt triin kinh te xd hdi, quy hoach tdng t h i phdt triin ngdnh, ITnh vffc sdn pham chu yd'u ciia ea nffdc theo ydu cau cua Chinh phii.
Ciing vdi vide thanh lap Vidn Quy hoach qud'e gia, can hinh thdnh mot cd quan quan ly quy
Phiftfng phdp quy hoach tidn tid'n doi hoi phai dap ihig cdc ydu cSu:
Tich hdp dii cac thong tin khoa hoc dia ly (GIS), thong tin dat dai (LIS)
Dong bo, khong mau thuan chong ch6o
Tifdng thich (dam bao van hanh nhip nhang).
Lien ket trong mot he thong khoa hoc thong nhat (khdng chia cat).
Linh hoat dap iJng phat tri^n ciia nganh trong boi ednh thufc t^ bid'n dong.
[ 14 1 Kinh te'v^ Dif bSo
hoach thdng nhd't, cd du quyin Iffc d l cd the khac phuc dffdc cae bd't cdp trong cd ehd nhff tinh trang chia cat, khdng ddng bd, khdng linh hoat, khdng kd't nd'i hidn nay. Nd'u khdng, cdc d l xud't ciia bd't ky nhdm nghidn cffu ndo, dii hay dd'n ddu, cung cd nguy cd ehi nam trdn gid'y vi quyin life de thffc thi khdng nam trong tay hp.
Hai Id, cdn ddt vai tro cua thong tin hai chiiu lin dung tdm quan trgng cua nd trong cdc hogt dgng liin quan tdi quy hogch, khuyi'n khich vd thu hut sU quan tdm cua cong ddng tdi quy hogch.
Can ludt hod sff tham gia ciia cdng ddng, ddc bidt la cdc nhd khoa hpc, ede hidp hdi doanh nghidp, ede td chffe qud'e td' vdo qud trinh xdy dffng quy hoach.
Quy dinh rd cdc quy hoaeh lidn quan dd'n dia phffdng ndo thi can cd sff tham gia ciia cdng ddng dffdi svf chu tri cua chfnh quyin dia phffdng dd.
c d n sdm nghien cffu thdnh lap cdc trung tdm thdng tin quy hoaeh qud'e gia tai Hd Ndi, thdnh phd Ho Chf Minh va Da Nang d l nhdn ddn, cdc nhd ddu tff trong vd ngodi nffdc eung nhff cdc chuydn gia tff van, qudn ly quy hoaeh ed diiu kidn tid'p can dd ddng cdc thdng tin, cd hpi dau tff; gdp y cac y tffdng, dff thdo quy hoaeh phdt triin; phdt hidn nhffng dilm bd't hdp ly, mdu thudn giffa cae quy hoach d l cdc cd quan qudn ly quy hoaeh kip thdi ra sodt, diiu ehinh quy hoach.
Ba la, ddi mdi mgt cdch cdn bdn tu duy quy hogch, ndng cao chdt luang vd tinh khd thi cda cdc quy hogch phdt trien ngdnh vd sdn pham. Trong d i i u kidn canh tranh gay gat, cdc Iffc Iffdng thi trffdng tham gia ngay edng nhilu vd rd't khd xac dinh, vide ban hanh cdc quy hoach vdi cdc chi tidu dinh Iffdng dffdc xac dinh cho mdt thdi gian ddi (10 nam) khdng xet dd'n dd'i thu canh tranh, tid'n bd khoa hpc cdng nghd, khdng xet dd'n kha ndng canli tranh eua sdn phdm mdi
eiia nffdc ta khi dffa ra thi trffdng... la diiu phdng dodn va thid'u can cff khoa hpc.
Trpng quy hoach cung can tff bd tff duy xdy dffng nIn kinh te
"tif cung ttf cd'p", cd cd cd'u khdp kfn. Ld qudc gia dd'n sau, thi trffdng khu vffc vd thj trffdng the gidi da dffdc phdn chia, thdm chi da bao hod, vide nffdc ta phdt triin cdng nghidp luydn kim, hod ehd't, cd khf ndng... can dffdc tinh todn trdn ed sd khoa hpc, phu hdp vdi khd nang edng nghe, tdi ehfnh vd ddm bdo dffdc hidu qud dau tff trong qud trinh phan cdng lao ddng qudc te', tham gia vao cdc chudi gid trj vd chudi cung ffng todn cau.
Dd'i vdi sdn phd'm cd ldi the' canh tranh, thj trffdng da dffdc md ra cho canh tranh qudc te, thay vi phffdng phdp tid'p can quy hoach effng nhae, ehi ndn duf bdo v l cdc xu the phdt triin, ede dd'i tae canh tranh trong khu vffc, cdc life Iffdng ed t h i tham gia dau tff, cung ffng sdn pham, cdc vd'n d l cdn gidi quyd't, cdc giai phdp ed t h i dp dung, nhd't thid't khdng ndn dffa ra cdc chi tidu dinh Iffdng, khdng ndn gan vdi dau tff tff ngudn vd'n nha nffdc va cdng khdng ndn sff dung quy hoaeh nhff mdt cdng cu bao hd.
Bdn la, dp dung cdc quy dinh riing vi phuang phdp ludn trong lap quy hogch ddi vdi quy hogch phdt trien ki't edu ha tdng vd quy
hogch ngdnh sdn xudt sdn pham chd yeu.
Ke't cd'u ha tang phdi di trffdc mpt bffdc d l thiic diy cdc ngdnh kinh td' khde phdt trien. Thdng thffdng quy hoach kd't cd'u ha tdng c^a ta theo quy djnh hidn hdnh chi gidi han trong 10 ndm dinh hffdng dd'n 20 nam. Dd Id khodng thdi gian qud ngan dd'i vdi nhilu loai kd't cd'u ha tang. Chang han dd'i vdi he thd'ng dffdng giao thdng, sdn bay, cdng biln, he thdng dd thi... quy hoaeh phdt trien khdng t h i gidi han trong thdi gian 10 nam dinh hffdng tdi 20 ndm, ma phdi cd tam nhin 50 -70 nam thdm chf trdm ndm.
Quy hoaeh phdt trien eac
nganh sdn xud't, kinh doanh can gan vdi quy hoaeh phat trien eac khu cdng nghiep trong cd nffdc vd ed tam nhin bao qudt tffdng thfeh vdi khd ndng dff bdo eiia tffng loai sdn phd'm, trdn ed sd dinh hffdng theo nguydn tac thi trffdng.
Ndm Id, tdng cUdng ddu tucho ddo tgo nguon nhdn lUc Idm cong tdc quy hogch vd qudn ly quy hogch.
Vd'n d l ddo tao nhdn life tff van quy hoach vd qudn ly quy hoach ddng vai trd hd't sffc quan trpng trong viec ndng cao hieu qud quy hoaeh phdt triin. Dd'i vdi can bd qudn ly nhd nffdc, nhdn life phdi cd khd nang dffa ra nhffng gdi y v l djnh hffdng lap mdi, diiu chinh, bd sung quy hoach; cd khd nang ddnh gid mffe dp phu hdp ciia quy hoach dd'i vdi diiu kien thffc td' Viet Nam. Ddi vdi cd quan nghien cffu, tff van quy hoach, nhdn life phdi cd trinh dp chuydn sdu du kha nang xdy dffng eae d l an quy hoach tdng t h i , ddng bd, ed tinh khd thi cao vdi tam nhin rdng vd dai han.
Theo edeh xem xet dd, can xdy dffng chffdng trinh ddo tao mdn hpe quy hoach phdt trien.
Trffdc mat, cd the gidng day mdn hpe ndy dffdi dang ehuydn d l trao ddi kinh nghidm qudc td' vd tinh hinh thffc tidn Viet Nam, nhttng van d l ly ludn v l quy hoaeh phdt triin, gidi thidu cac quy djnh phdp ly hffdng dd'n thffc hidn cdng tdc quy hoach phat triin tai Viet Nam. Tid'p theo tid'n hanh ndng ca'p vd phdt trid'n cdc ehuydn d l thdnh mdn hpe cd sd tin chi phu hdp vdi chffdng trinh ddo tao ciia cdc trffdng dai hpc khdi kinh td' trong nffdc vd Hpc vidn Chfnh sdch va phdt triin (Bd Kd' hoach vd Dau tff).
Khdi kid'n thffc vd ky nang trang bi cho ngffdi hpc chia thanh hai cd'p dp: qudn ly nhd nffdc v l quy hoach phdt trien va ky nang lap quy hoach. Ddng thdi, can tdng effdng hdp tac vdi nffdc ngoai trong vide ddo tao ngudn nhdn Iffe phuc vu edng tdc quy hoach. •
Economy and Forecast Review [ 15
