So 03/2020-\.uTi iMm
N H Q N G OIEM M 6 | C U A BO LUAT LAO DONG NAM 2019
VE THLTO HIEN VA CHAM DUt HOP DONG LAO DONG
Nguyen Xudn Thu' Tdm tdt: Bp ludt Lao dpng so 45/2019/QHI4 duge Quoc hpi Khda XIV thdng qua tgi Ky hop if 8. ngay 20/II/20I9 v&i nhieu diem m&i quan trpng ve thuc hien vd cham dirt hgp dong lao vig Nhimg diem m&i ndy se tdc dpng khdng nho t&i viec duy tri vd cham did quan he lao ddng ua ngu&i sir dung lao dpng vd nguai lao dpng, t&i hogt dpng qudn ly nhd nu&c eua cac ca quan nu&c hii-u quan vd t&i hogt dpng nghe nghiep cua edc to chirc, cd nhdn khdc. Bdi viet ndy hdn tich. ddnh gid nhung diem m&i cua BLLD ndm 2019 so v&i BLLD ndm 2012.
Tir khda: Bpludt Lao dpng. diem m&i cua Bp luat Lao dpng. Cham dirt hap ddng lao dpng, lire hien hap dong lao ddng.
Nhan bdi: 02/3/2020; Hodn thdnh bien tap: 06/3/2020; Duyet ddng: 27/03/2020.
Abstract: the Labour Code No. 45/2019/QHI4 has been passed by the XIV National ssenihly at the 8''' session on 20/11/2019 with new and important points on implementation
\iid termination of labour contract These new points will make considerable impact on
\uiintaining and terminating labour relation between employers and employees, slate
\ianagement made by relevant state agencies and professional activities of other organizations
\nd individuals. Thi', article analyzes, assesses new points of the Labour Code in 2019 in ompanson with the Labour Code in 2012.
Keywords: The Labour Code; new points in the Labour Code; terminate labor contract;
npleinent labor contract.
Date of receipt: 02/3/2020; Date of revision 06/3/2020, Date of Approval 27/03/2020 .. Nhung diem mdi trong cac quy dinh
e thirc hien hop dong lao dgng
Thuc hien hgp dong Iao dpng (HDLD) ugc quy djnh tai Muc 2 Chuong III Bd luat .ao dpng (BLLD) nam 2019. vai 06 di§u (tir )ieu 28 den Dieu 33). Ve co ban, BLLD nam 019 da ke thira cac ndi dung ve thuc hien IDLD ciia BLLD nam 2012. Mdt sd diem mdi
"ong ndi dung nay la
Thii-nhdt, ve chuyen ngudi lao dpng (NLD) im cdng viec khac so vdi HDLD (Dieu 29)
Diau 31 BLLD nam 2012, Didu 29 BLLD am 2019 deu quy djnh ve trudng hop (ly do) upc phep chuyen NLD lam cdng viec khac so di HDLD. thdi han chuyen, thii tuc chuyen va en luong ciia NLD trong thdi gian Iam cdng iec khac.
Mdt trong cac trudng hop ngudi su dung 10 dpng (NSDLD) dugc phep chuyen NLD im cdn2 vice khac so vdi HDLD la do "djch
benh'". Trong qua trinh thuc hien, nhiau y kien cho rang quy djnh nhu vay cd the NSDLD se lam dung, didu chuyen NLD ca trong nhirng trudng hgp chua den mire phai dieu chuyan, anh huong khdng tdt dan viec Iam, thu nhap va ddi sdng cua NLD. Vi vay, tai Khoan 1 Diau 29 BLLD nam 2019 da sira lai qu;; djnh nay thanh ''dich lienh nguy hiem". Van de dat ra d day la djch benh nhu thd nao dugc danh gia ia ''nguy hiam"? Ai la ngudi co quyen ket luan djch benh cd "nguy hiem hay khong'"' Diau 29 BLLD nam 2019 khdng giao cho Chinh phii quy djnh chi tidt, cung khdng giao cho Bd Lao dgng - Thuong binh va Xa hgi hudng dan thi hanh quy dinh nay. E rang trong qua trinh td chirc thuc bien se vudng mac hoae dan den tinh trang tiiy tien va tranh chap cd the xay ra
Didu 31 BLLD nam 2012 ciing nhu Diau 29 BLLD nam 2019 dh\x khdng quy djnh cu the the nao la "nhu cau san xuat, kinh doanh" - Ti^n sy. PHo Giam doc Hoc vien Tu phap.
o
EEISSSI3ZS1
mdt trong cac trudng hgp NSDLD dugc chuyen NLD lam cdng viec khac so vdi HDLD. Diam mdi cua BLLD nam 2019 la da bd sung quy djnh: ''Ngu&i sir dung lao dpng quy dinh eu the trong not quy lao dPng nlmng tru&ng hgp do nhu cdu sdn xudt, kinh doanh md nguai sir dung lao dpng dirge tgm th&i chuyen ngu&i lao ddng lam eong viec khdc so v&i hgp ddng lao ddng'' (Doan 1 Khoan 1 Dieu 29)-. Day la quy djnh hop ly, bdi chi ban than NSDLD mdi la ngudi biet ro nhat nhu cau san xuat, kinh doanh eiia minh, Nha nudc se kiem tra va giam sat thdng qua boat dgng dang ky va theo ddi viec td chirc thuc hien ndi quy lao ddng ciia NSDLD. Tren thuc te, khi ap dung quy djnh nay ciing can chap nhan trudng hgp mac dii NSDLD khong quy dinh hoac khdng quy djnh cu the trong ngi quy Iao ddng, nhung hai ben da thda thuan cu the trong hgp ddng lao ddng hoac thda udc lao dgng tap the.
Thdi han chuyen NLD Iam cdng viec khac so vdi HDLD van dugc quy djnh gidng nhu BLLD nam 2012 (khdng qua 60 ngay lam viec cong ddn trong 01 nam, neu qua thdi ban nay thi phai ed su ddng y ciia NLD). Tuy nbidn, Didu 29 BLLD nam 2019 da bd sung Khoan 4 so vdi Dieu 31 BLLD nam 2012: "'Ngu&i lao dong khdng ddng y tgm th&i lam eong viec khdc so v&i hap ddng lao dpng qua 60 ngay Idm viec cpng ddn trong 01 ndm md phdi ngimg viec thi ngu&i sir dung lao dpng phdi trd luang ngirng viec theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 99 cua Bp ludt ndV"' Quy dinh NSDLD phai thanh toan luong ngimg viec cho NLD trong trudng hgp nay la hgp ly vi chinh NSDLD khdng bd tri duge cdng viec cho NLD dan tdi NLD phai ngimg viec. Tuy nhien, van de chua rd rang d day la, NLD cd quyen khdng ddng y vdi toan bd thdi gian dieu chuyen khi tdng thdi gian dieu chuyen qua 60 ngay Iam viec cdng ddn trong 01 nam hay chi co quyen khdng ddng y vdi so ngay vugt qua. Day la cau hdi
ma khdng it NSDLD da neu ra khi ap^ dung phap luat de xir ly tinh hudng thuc ta Neu suy luan logic, chung tdi eho r^ng NLD chi dugc quyen khdng dong y vdi sd ngay vugt qua, cdn trong pham vi 60 ngay Iam viec trong mdt nam neu NLD khdng ch§p hanh thi se bi coi la vi pham ky luat lao ddng, NSDLD cd quyan xu Iy ky luat Iao dgng theo ngi quy lao dgng hgp phap ciia minh.
Thu- hai, ve tam hoan thue hidn HDLD (Diau 30).
Diki 30 BLLD nam 2019 quy dinh vg cac trudng hgp tam hoan va each giai quyet quyen Igi ciia NLD trong thdi gian tam hoan thuc hien HDLD. Ngoai cac trudng hgp tam hoan thuc hien HDLD nhu quy dmh tai Dieu 32 BLLD nam 2012, Khoan 1 Dilu 30 BLLD nam 2019 da bd sung 4 trudng hgp tam hoan thuc hien HDLD la: (1) NLD thuc hien nghia vu tham gia dan quan tu ve (2) NLD dugc bo nhiem Iam ngudi quan ly doanh nghiep cua cong ty trach nhiem hiiu ban mdt thanh vien do Nha nudc nam giir 100% vdn dieu le; (3) NLD duge iiy quyen de thuc hien quyan, trach nhiem cua dai dien chii sd hiiu nha nudc doi vdi phan vdn nha nudc tai doanh nghiep; (4) NLD dugc uy quyen de thuc hien quyen, trach nhiem ciia doanh nghiep doi vdi phan von ciia doanh nghiep dau tu tai doanh nghiep khac.
Hien nay cac trudng hgp (2), (3) dugc quy djnh tai Dilu 9 Nghj dmh'sd 05/2015/ND-CP ngay 12/01/2015 q^uy dinh chi tiet va hudng dSn thi hanh mdt so ngi dung ciia BLLD nam 2012 va dugc thuc hien tren co sd thda thuan giira NSDLD va NLD. Vdi quy djnh tai Khoan 1 Dilu 30 BLLD nam 2019 thi cac trudng hgp | nay kliong thuc hien tren co sd thda thuan giiia hai ben ma NSDLD phai chap nhan viec tam hoan thuc hien HDLD. Trudng hgp (1) la tnrdng hgp NLD di thuc hien nghTa vu cdng dan theo inenh lenh cua ca quan nha nudc c6 th^m quyin, tnrdng hop (4) la trudng hgp
'- Hicn tai noi dung nay duac quy dinh tai Khoan 2 Di^u 8 Nghi djnh so 05/201>ND-CP ngay 12/01/2015 cua Chinh phu quy dinh cin tilt va hucme dan thi hanh mgt so noi dung cua BLLD nam 2012.
' Hien tai no, dung nay duoc quv dinh tai Khoan 4 Dieu 8 Nghi dinh so 05/2015/ND-CP ngay 12/01/2015 ( Chinh phu quy dinh chi tilt va huang d^n thi hanh mot so noi dung cua BLLD nam _012
.D thuc bien nhiem vu vi Igi ich cua chinh DLD, vi vay viec bd sung hai trudng hgp
• vao cac trudng hgp tam hoan thue hien )LD la hgp ly.
Diem mdi quan trgng la BLLD nam 2019 quy djnh ro rang viec giai quyet quydn Igi 3 NLD trong thdi gian tam hoan thuc hien i)LD: ''Trong th&i gian tgm hodn thuc hien p ddng lao dpng. ngu&i lao dpng khdng -ac hu&ng luang vd quyen. led ich dd giao t trong hap ddng lao dpng, trir tru&ng hgp ben cd thda thugn hoac phdp ludt cd quy ih khdc" (Khoan 2 Dieu 29). Day la quy dinh p ly, bdi NLD chi dugc hudng quyen loi tren sd thuc hien nghia vu theo HDLD da giao t, thdi gian tam hoan thuc hien HDLD la thai an NLD khdng thuc hien nghTa vu theo DLD da giao ket nen ve nguyan tac NLD idng dugc hudng luong va cac quydn Igi da ao ket trong HDLD. Tuy nhien, Nha nudc dn khuyen khich nhung thda thuan cd Igi hon 10 NLD so vdi quy djnh cua phap luat.
2. Nhirng diem mdi trong cac quy dinh cham dirt h p p dong lao dong
Cham diit HDLD dugc quy djnh tai Muc 3 huong 111 BLLD nam 2019. vdi 15 dilu (hi iau 34 den Dieu 48). Ve co ban, BLLD nam }19 da ke thira cac ndi dung ve cham dirt DLD ciia BLLD nam 2012. Mdt sd diem mdi ong ngi dung nay la;
Thii- nhdt, ve cac trudng hgp cham dirt DLD (Dilu 34).
Ngoai cac trudng hgp chain dir! HDLD igc quy dinh tai Dieu 36 BLLD nam 2012
;p tuc dugc kd thua, Diau 34 BLLD nam )i9 da bd sung mgt sd trudng hgp sau: (1) LD bj kit an tii giam nhirng khdng thudc udng hgp dugc tra tu do theo quy dinh tai hoan 5 Dilu 328 ciia Bg luat Td tung hinh su, ) NLD la ngudi nudc ngoai Iam viee tai Viet am bi true xuat theo ban an, quyet djnh ciia
Tda an da cd hieu luc phap luat, quyet djnh ciia CO quan nha nudc cd tham quyen; (3) NSDLD khdng phai la ca nhan bj ca quan chuyen mdn ve dang ky kinh doanh thudc Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh ra thdng bao khdng cd ngudi dai dien theo phap luat. ngudi dugc iiy quyen thuc hien quyan va nghTa vu ciia ngudi dai dien theo phap luat; (4) Giay phep Iao ddng hit hieu luc ddi vdi NLD la ngudi nudc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam theo quy djnh tai Dieu 156 eiia BLLD; (5) Trudng hgp thda thuan ndi dung thir viec ghi trong hgp ddng lao dgng ma thir viec khdng dat yeu cau hoac mdt ban hiiy bd thda thuan thir viec.
Doi vdi cac trudng hgp (1), (2) va (4) la cac trudng hgp neu xay ra thi HDLD da giao ket khdng cd dieu kien de tiep tuc thuc hien, vi vay bd sung cac tradng hgp nay vao cac trudng hgp cham dut HDLD la can thiet, lam co sd giai quydt kip thdi, hgp Iy quyen Igi, nghia vu va trach nhiem ciia cac ben lian quan.
Trudng hop (3) duoc bd sung chii yeu de giai quyet tdn tai trong thuc tien td chirc thuc hicn BLLD nam 2012. Thuc ta trong mdt thai gian dai khdng it trudng hgp ngudi dai dien theo phap luat cua doanh nghiep bd tron, khdng cd ngudi chiu trach nhiem vdi NLD.
Khi chua quy djnh day la mdt trudng hgp cham dirt HDLD nen khdng cd co sd de giai quyat quyen Igi cho NLD, nhat la quyen Igi ve bao hiem xa hgi, bao hiem that nghiep.
Trudng hop (5) duge bd sung nham dam bao thdng nhat vdi quy djnh tai Khoan 1 Dieu 27 BLLD nam 2019^
Thir hai. ve quyen dan phuong cham dirt HDLD cua NLD (Dilu 35).
Quyin don phuong cham dirt HDLD cua NLD dugc quy djnh khac nhau giiia HDLD xac dinh thdi han va HDLD khdng xac dinh thdi ban (Dilu 37 BLLD nam 2012). Theo dd.
NLD don phuang chSm dirt HDLD xac dmh
^ i k 27- Kit thuc thai gian thu v iec
Khi ket thuc thai gian thit viec, ngucn sir dung lao dpng phai thong bao l^et qua thu viec cho nguai lao dong ucmg hap thu vice dat yeu cau thi nguoi su dung lao dpng ti^p nic thuc hien hop dong lao dong da giao ket doi tl tnroim hap thoa thuan thir viec trong hop dong lao dong hoac phai giao kit hap dong lao dung doi voi truang -p giao ket hap dong thu viec _ ^ .
uon" hop thu viec khong dat yeu cau thi cham diit hgp dong lao dpng da giao ket hoac hop dong ihu \ K
^
\WmTP!mtimm%
thai ban phai dap irng dii hai dieu kien: (I) Cd ly do cham dirt hop phap (Khoan 1 Dieu 37 BLLD nam 2012) va (2) Bao trudc dimg phap luat (Khoan 2 Dilu 37 BLLD nam 2012); NLD don phuong cham dirt HDLD klidng xac djnh thai ban phai bao trudc dimg phap luat (Khoan 3 Dieu 37 BLLD nam 2012). Da cd sir thay ddi Idn cua BLLD nam 2019 ve van de nay. Theo Dilu 35 BLLD mim 2019, ddi vdi ca HDLD xac djnh thdi ban \ a HDLD khdng xac djnh thdi ban. NLD dau co quyen don phuong cham dut ma khdng can co ly do. chi can bao Iru'dc cho NSDLD theo diing quy dmh tai Khoan 1 Dieu 35' Mpt diem mdi quan trong nira la BLLD nam 2019 cdn quy dinh NLD cd quyen don phuang cham dirt HDLD ma khdng can bao trudc trong cac trudng hgp khdng can thiet phai bao trudc hoac can "giai phdng" NLD khdi q^uan he lao ddng cang nhanh cang tdt Cu the, gdm cac tradng hop sau:
+ Khdng dugc bd tri theo diing cdng vice, dia diem Iam viae hoac khdng dugc bao dam dicu kian lam viae theo thda thuan, trir trudng hop quy dinh tai Didu 29 cua BLLD.
+ Khdng dugc tra dii luong hoac tra luong khdng dling thdi ban. trir tradng hgp quy dmh tai Khoan 4 Dilu 97 cua BLLD.
+ Bi NSDLD ngugc dai, danh dap hoac cd Idi ndi, hanh vi nhue ma, hanh vi lain anh hudng den sire khoe, nhan pham, danh du; bj cudng hire iao ddng
+ Bi quay rdi tinh due tai noi Iam viec + Lao ddng nii' mang thai phai ngbi viec theo quy dinh tai Khoan I Dicu 138 cua BLLD.
+ Du tudi nghi him theo quy dinh tai Dieu 169 cua BLLD. trir trudng hgp cac ben cd thda thuan khac.
+ NSDLD cung cap thdng tin khdng trung thuc theo quy dmh tai Khoan I Dieu 16 ciia BLLD lam anh hudnti den \iec thuc hien HDLD.
Thu- ba, ve quyen don phuang ciiam dirt HDLD eiia NSDLD (Dieu 36).
Dilu 36 BLLD nam 2019 k l thua l^t ca cac tradng hgp NSDLD cd quyin don phuang chiim dirt HDLD duoc quy dinh tai Khoan I Dieu 38 BLLD nam 2012. Ngoai ra, Khoan 1 Dieu 36 BLLD nam 2019 bd sung cac nndng hgp: (1) NLD dii tudi nghi huu theo quy djnh tai Didu 169 cua BLLD, trir Uudng hgp cd thoa thuan khac; (2) NLD tu y bd viec ma khong co ly do chinh dang tir 05 n^ay Iam viec ban tuc trd ten; (3) NLD cung cap khdng trung thuc thdng tm theo quy djnh tai Khoan 2 Dilu 16 ciia BLLD khi giao kat HDLD lam anh hudng den vice tuyen dung NLD.
Ddi v&i truong hap (I): BLLD nam 2012 quy dinh HDLD cham dirt khi NLD du dieu kien ve tudi ddi va thdi gian ddng bao hiem xa hpi dc dugc hudng luong huu hang thang (Khoan 4 Diau 36). Gidi sir dung Iao ddng cho rang quy dinli nay da gay nhieu khd khan cho NSDLD, \ i tren thuc te nhieu trudng hgp NLD da hdt tudi lao ddng nliung chua dii 20 nam ddng bao hiem xa hdi thi NSDLD van khdng duoc cham dirt HDLD neu HDLD chua het han, trong kill NSDLD khdng cdn nhu cau hep tuc sir dung nhiing NLD cao tudi nay Thao go kho khan cho NSDLD, BLLD nam 2019 da cho phep NSDLD dan phuong cham dirt HDLD doi vdi NLD du tuoi nghi huu (hat tudi lao dpng) ma khdng can tinh den vice NLD nay da dii thdi gian ddng bao bidm xa hgi de dupe hudng luong huu bang thang hay chua. Theo y kien cua tac gia, quy dinh nay se anh hudng khdng tdt quyen v l viec lam ciia NLD, tao dieu kicn cho NSDLD duoc don phuong "boi udc" khi thai han HDLD chua het, ddng thdi quy dinh nay ciing chua tinh tdl xu hudng tat yeu ciia \ iec nit ng3n thdi gian ddng bao hiam xa hdi de duoc hudng luong htm h^ng thang (tir 20 nam xudng 15 nam, 10 nam) trong thdi gian tdi khi sua doi Luat bao hilm xa
-^ Theo qu>' dinh tai Khoan 1 Dicu 35 BLLD niim 2019. nguai lau dong co quyen dan phuang cham dirt hap d6ng hio dons nhunsi phai bao Inrirc cho nguai su dung lao dong nhu sau;
- It n h i r 4 5 ngay neu lam viec ihco hap dong lao d6ng khong xac dinh thai han.
- it nhfit 30 ngay nlu lam vice theo hap d6nE lao dong xac dmh thai han eo thai han ru 12 thang den 36 thang - II nhat 03 niay lam vicc n6u lain vice theo hap dong lao dong xac dmh thai han co thai han duai 12 thang:
- Doi vm mot s6 n<Mnh iiL'hl. cong v iec dac thu Ihi thai han bao iruac duac thuc hien theo quy dmh eua Chinh phu
^
nam 2014 (theo tinh xhkn Nghi quylt sd -NQ/TW ngay 23/5/2018 ciia Hdi nghj \hn r bay Ban Chap hanh Trang uong Dang Khda I ve cai each chinh sach bao hiem xa hdi).
Ddi v&i truang hpp (2): NSDLD cd the lua gn mpt trong hai each di chkm dirt HDLD.
ich thit nhdi., don phuong ehSm dirt HDLD
;o quy djnh tai diem e Khoan 1 Dieu 36 X D ; Cach thir luu. sa thai NLD theo quy dmh
Khoan 4 Dilu 125 BLLD nam 2019. Song [n luu y, thii tuc va hau qua phap ly cua hai each jm nay khdng hoan toan gidng nhau. Chang
in, neu NSDLD don phuong chain dirt HDLD eo diem e Khoan I Dieu 36 BLLD thi thu tiic t don gian, chi can ra quydt dinh cham dirt DLD va thdng bao bang van ban cho NLD biet [eo quy djnh tai Dieu 45 BLLD; trong tnrdng pp nay NSDLD phai thanh toan tro cap thdi ec cho NLD theo quy dinli tai Diau 47 BLLD im 2019. Ngugc lai, nlu NSDLD sa thai NLD eo Khoan 4 Dilu 125 BLLD nam 2019 thi se :iai thuc hien day dii cac thii tuc xii' ly ky luat .0 ddng theo quy djnli ciia phap luat; tradng hop ay NSDLD klidng phai thanh toan tro cap thdi iec cho NLD. Vi vay, tuy muc tieu dd NSDLD ra chgn each giai quyet van da cho phii hgp.
Ddi v&i tru&ng ligp^ (3) viec bd sung udng hgp nay la can thiet. Trdn thuc te khong
NLD da cung c4p khdng trung thuc thdng tin j nhan de dupe tuyen dung. Cu the la gia mao 0 so (mugn van bang, chiing chi, hd khau cua gudi khac, lam lai chiing minh nhan dan cho hii hop ..) d l duoc tuyen dung. Khi phat bien, ISDLD khdng cd can cu de cham dut HDLD, ah hudng tieu cue den quan he Iao ddng ciia ai ben va mdi trudng lam viec cua ca don vi i dung lao ddng Quy dinb mdi cua BLLD am 2019 se giai quyet triet de van de nay.
Ben canh dd, Klioan 2 Dicu 36 BLLD nam 019 cung bd sung quy dinh rieng ve thai ban ao trade khi NSDLD don phuong cham dirt IDLD ddi %di mdt sd nganh, nghe. cdng viee ac thil. Qudc hdi da giao cho Chinh phii quy inh ehl tilt ve cac trudng hgp nay Khoan 3 lieu 36 BLLD nam 2019 quy dmh NSDLD hdns phai bao trudc khi don phuang chain irt HDLD trong eac tradng hgp: i) NLD
khdng cd mat tai not lam viee sau thdi ban quy dinh tai Dieu 31 ciia BLLD, ii) NLD tg y bd viec ma khdng ed ly do chinh dang tu 05 ngay Iam vide hen tuc trd ian.
Thu tu, ve nghTa vu ciia NSDLD khi don phuong cham diit HDLD trai phap luat (Dilu 41).
Ve CO ban, nhung nghTa vu ciia NSDLD khi don phuang cham dirt HDLD trai phap luat dugc quy dinh tai Dicu 42 BLLD nam 2012 vh\ dupe tilp Uic k l thira tai Dilu 4! BLLD nam 2019.
Ben canh dd, c;ic ngi dung cd iicn quan dugc sira ddi, bd sung eho phu hgp hon. Khac phuc su cimg nhac ciia BLLD nam 2012, BLLD nam 2019 da quy dinh "Tru&ng hop khdng edn vi tri.
cdng viec dd giao ket trong HDLD md NLD vdn muon lam viec till hai ben thua thuan desira ddi, bd sung HDLD". Quy dinh nay khac phuc tinh trang ne tranh nghTa vu tir phia NSDLD, dam bao tdi da quyen ve viec lam cua NLD.
Ben canh dd. quy dinh ve nghTa vu "trd tien bao hiem xd hdi, bao hiem y te" dugc sira thanh nghTa vu "dong bdo hiem xd hoi, bao hiemy te, bao hiem that nghiep...'\ Viec sira ddi nay la hop ly, vi ve nguyen tac, NLD thudc ddi tupng ap dung bao hidm xa hgi, bao hiem y te bat budc va bao hiam that nghiep thi ca NLD va NSDLD cd nghTa vu ddng vao quy bao bidm xa bdi, bao hiam y ta, bao hiam that nghiep theo quy dinh eiia phap luat, NSDLD khdng thanh toan true tiep tien bao h i l m cho NLD Tuy nhien. tran thuc ta cd nhilu tradng hop sau khi bj cham dut HDLD, NLD da di lam viec cho NSDLD khac, tiep (uc tham gia bao hiem xa hdi. bao hiem y te, bao h i l m th^t nghiep. Trong thdi gian dang lam viec. dang ddng bao hicin tai don vi sii dung Iao ddng khac thi mdi cd ket luan cua CO quan nha nudc cd tham quyen ve vice NSDLD dan phuong ch4m dirt HDLD trai phap luat ddi vdi NLD va liic nay phai giai quylt tiln luang va bao hiem cho NLD Trong trudng hop nay. ap dung nguyen tac chi tham gia bao hiem a mdt noi lam vice (tnibao hiem tai nan lao ddng, benh nghe nghiep) thi co quan nha nudc co thdm quyen can giai quyet theo hudng budc NSDLD thanh toan true tiep tien bao hiem cho NLD.
0
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Thu ndm, ve thdng bao cham diit HDLD (Dilu 45).
Day la quy dinh mdi ciia BLLD nam 2019 so vdi BLLD nam 2012, gdm hai ngi dung: i) NghTa vu cua NSDLD trong viec thong bao cho NLD v l viec chkm dirt HDLD khi HDLD cham diit; ii) Xac djnh thdi diem cham dirt HDLD trong mdt sd tradng hgp cu the.
Theo quy dmh tai Khoan I Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019, khi HDLD chdm dirt, NSDLD phai thdng bao bang van ban cho NLD ve viec cham dut hgp ddng, trir cac tradng hgp quy djnh tai Khoan 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Dilu 34 BLLD nam 2019^
Can phan biet nghTa vu thdng bao viec cham dut HDLD quy djnh tai Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019 vdi nghTa vu bao trudc khi NSDLD don phuong cham dut HDLD theo quy djnh tai Dieu 36 BLLD nam 2019. Viec bao trude khi dem phuong cham dirt HDLD theo Didu 36 BLLD nam 2019 la mpt trong cac dieu kien dam bao cho viec don phuong cham dirt HDLD ciia NSDLD la hgp phap, dugc thuc hien tnr&e khi cham dirt HDLD mgt thdi gian nhat dinh tiiy vao thai ban ciia HDLD se cham dut. Neu vi pham thdi gian bao trade thi viec don phuong cham diit HDLD ciia NSDLD hi coi la trai phap luat (Dilu 39 BLLD nam 2019). Cdn thdng bao cham diit HDLD theo quy djnh tai Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019 chi la mdt thii tuc hanh chinh, dugc thuc hien khi HDLD cham dut theo cac trudng hgp dugc quy dinh tai BLLD nam 2019. Day khdng phai la dieu kien ciia viec cham dirt HDLD, khdng anh hudng ddn gia trj phap Iy cua viec cham dirt HDLD. Y nghTa ctia quy djnh nay dugc giai thich rang.
viec thdng bao nay d l khing dinh chac chan HDLD da chSm dirt va cham dirt tir thdi diem nao de hai ben ehu ddng. Iam ca so thuc bien cac thil tuc ed lien quan (ke ca viec ban giao cdng viec, tai lieu, giai quylt quyen Igi, nghia vu va trach nhiem ciia cac ben...). Neu xuat phat tir y nghia nhu vay thi viec thdng bao nay can dugc thuc hien trong tat ca cac trudng hgp khi HDLD cham dirt, trir tradng hgp khdng the thuc hien duoc (nhu: NLD chit; NSDLD laca nhan chet; NLD bi tda an tuyen bo mat nang luc hanh vi dan su, mat tich hoac da chet...).
Vi vay, can xem xet them ve tinh hgp ly eiia cac trudng hgp loai trir dugc quy djnh tai Khoan 1 Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019.
Ban canh quy djnh ve nghTa vu cua NSDLD trong viec thdng bao cham dut HDLD, Khoan 2 Dieu 45 BLLD nam 2019 cdn quy dinh cu the thdi didm cham diit HDLD trong mdt sd tradng hgp, nhu sau: i) Trudng hgp NSDLD khdng phai la ca nhan cham diit boat ddng thi thoi diem cham dut HDLD tinh tir thdi diam co thdng bao cham dut boat dpng; ii) Tradng hpp NSDLD khdng phai la ca nhan hi ca quan chuyan mdn ve dang ky kinh doanh thupc Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh ra thdng bao khdng co ngudl dai dien theo phap luat, ngudi dugc iiy quydn thuc hien quyen va nghTa vu ciia nguoi dai dien theo phap luat theo quy dinh tai Khoan 7 Dieu 34 ciia BLLD thi thdi diem cham dut HDLD tinh tir ngay ra thdng bao.
Thir sau, ve trg cap thdi viec va tro cap mat viec lam (Dieu 46, Dieu 47).
Dugc trg cap thdi vice, trg cap mat viec lam la nhung quyen Igi quan trgng ciia NLD ma
*' Cac truang hpp nguai sir dung iao dong khong phai thong bao cho nguai iao dpng khi HDLD cham diil gom:
- Nguai lao dpng bi k^t an phat nj nhung kliong dugc huong an treo hoac khong thupc nuong hop duac tra tu do theo quy dinh tai Khoan 5 Dilu 328 cua Bo luat To tung hinh sir, tu hinii hoac bi cam lam cong viec ghi trong hop ding lao dpng theo ban an, quyet dinh ciia Toa an da co hieu luc phap luat {Khoan 4 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
- Ngudl lao dpng la nguoi nuoc ngoai lam vice tai Viet Nam bj triic xuat theo banyan, quyet dinh cua Toa an da co hieu luc phap luat, quylt dinh cua ca quan nha nuac CO th4m quyen (Khoan 4 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019) - Nguai lao dpng chit; bi Toa an tuyen bd mk nang luc hanh vi dan su, mat tich hoac da chet (Khoan 6 Di^u 34 BLLD nam 2{)19). , . w u • .^-
- Nguai sir dung lao dong la ca nhan chit; bi Toa an myen bo mat nang luc hanh vi dan su, mat tich hoac da chet, Nguai sir dung lao dong kliong phai la ca nhan ch5m dut hoai dong hoac bi ca quan chuyen mon ve dang ky kinh doanh thuoc Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh ra thong bao khong c6 ngucn dai dien theo phap lual, nguoi duoc uy quyen thuc hien quyin va nghTa vu cua nguoi dai dicn theo phap luat (Khoan 7 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019) - Nguoi lao dpng bi xu ly ky luat sa thai (Khoan 8 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
^
^DLD cd nghia vu thanh toan (cho nhihig D dii dilu kien) khi HDLD cham dut. Vl co n, Dieu 46 va Dilu 47 BLLD nam 2019 van p tuc kl thira quy dinh tai Dieu 48 va Dilu 49 .LDnam 2012. Diem mdi duy nhat va ciing su can thiet phai sira ddi d day la ddi tuong
•dng trg cap thoi viec va ddi tugng hudng trg p mat viec lam da dugc tach bach, tranh su idng Ian va gay ra sir hieu lam nhu quy djnh i Dilu 48 va Dilu 36 BLLD nam 2012'.
Tuy nhien, cd mdt sd vSn dl can ban them day la:
Mpt Id. Dilu 46 BLLD nam 2019 da loai bd LD la ngudi nudc ngoai bi cham dut HDLD ) Giay phep lao dpng bet hieu luc d tat ca cac udng hgp quy djnh tai Dieu 156 BLLD ra khdi M tugng duoc hudng trg cap thdi vied
Y nghTa Idn nhat ciia trg cap thdi viec la ghi ian cdng siic dong gop ciia NLD trong sudt idi gian NLD da lam viec eho NSDLD. Vi ay, tir BLLD nam 1994 din BLLD nam 2012, li cac tradng hgp NLD mac "Idi nang" mdi bi tai khdi ddi tugng dugc trg cap (nhu: NLD on phuang cham dirt HDLD trai phap luat;
[LD bi ky luat sa thai"). Xuat phat tir y nghTa
nay, ddi chieu vdi cac trudng hgp Gray phep Iao dgng bet hieu lire dugc quy djnh tir Khoan 1 den Khoan 8 Dieu 156 dd dang nhan ra su thieu hop Iy trong quy dinh tai Dieu 46 BLLD nam 2019.
Hai Id, hi qua trinh xay dung Du an BLLD nam 1994, Ban soan thao da thuyet minh trong CO cau ciia trg cap mat viec lain bao gdm ca khoan trg cap thdi viec nhu cac tradng hop chkm dirt HDLD khac va khoan tiln bdi thudng (50% trong mire trg cap mSt viec Iam) ma NSDLD phai tra cho NLD do lam mat chd lam viec ciia NLD. Vdi ca cau nay, quy djnh ve trg cap mat viec Iam nhin chung dugc giii nguyan tir BLLD nam 1994 den BLLD nam 2012 va BLLD nam 2019. Neu mdxe quy djnh nay thi se thay ngudi bi mat viee cang nhiau thi muc den bu cang thap'" va day chinh la diam bat hgp ly eiia quy dinh nay. Se la phii hgp ban neu thuc hicn trg cap thdi viec cho NLD bi chSm dirt HDLD theo Khoan 1 i Dilu 34 BLLD nam 2019 nhu nhung tradng hgp khac. Ngoai ra, NSDLD phai ddn bii them mdt khoan do lam mat chd Iam viec cua NLD tiiy thudc mire do mat viae Iam cua NLD./.
Theo quy dinh tai Dilu 46 BLLD nam 2019, nhihig nguoi lao dong da lam viec dii 12 thang tro len cho nguoi su ung lao dpng se dugc huong Ua ckp thoi viec khi HDLD chSm dirt theo cac Khoan 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 va 10 Dieu 4 BLLD Theo quy dmh tai Dilu 47 BLLD nam 2019. nhirng nguai lao dong da lam viec du 12 thaiig tro len cho ouai sir dung lao dong se duac huong trg cdp m i t viec lam khi HDLD ch4m din theo Khoan 11 Dieu 34 BLLD.
uy dmh tai Di^u 48 va Dilu 49 BLLD nam 2012 khong co su tach bach ro rang nhu vay, ma co sy chong lan doi rang giiia hai dilu luat do (Xem chi tilt quy dinh tai Dilu 48, Di6u 49 BLLD nam 2012)
"Dieu 156. Cac trucmg hop giay phep lao dpng het hicu luc Giay phep lao dong het tlidi han.
Cham dut hop dong lao dong
Npi dung cua hgp d6ng lao dong khong diing vai npi dung ciia giiiy phep lao dong da duoc cap Lam viec khong dimg vai noi dung trong giay phep lao dpng da dugc cap.
Hc^j d6ng trong cac ITnh vuc la ca so phat sinh giky phep lao dgng het thai han hoac cham diit Co van ban thong bao cua phia nuac ngoai thoi cir lao dpng la nguai nuoc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam.
Doanh nghiep. to chirc. d l i tac phia Viet Nam hoac t6 chuc nuac ngoai tai Viet Nam sir dung iao dgng la nguai jac ngoai cham diit hoat dgng.
GiSy phep lao dong bi thu hoi" ^ __ ; . x Ngoai ra, trong cac nghi dinh quy dinh chi tigt, huang din thi hanh con loai nguai lao dong cham dut HDLD de jong luong huu hang thang ra khoi doi tuong dugc huang trg cdp Ihoi viec Nhieu y kien cho rang quy dinh nay
bdt hop ly va trai vai BLLD.
Vi du. Doanh nghiep va NLD ky HDLD xac dmh thai han 36 thang. Hay so sanh hai truong hap sau Tru&ng hap / ' Thuc hien HDLD duac 6 thang NLD dgng bi cho thoi viec do doanh nghiep thay doi ca cau.
mang hop nay NLD khong dugc tra cap mat viec lam do chua lam dii 12 thang cho doanh nghiep. ciing dong nghTa 31 viec NLD khong nhan dugc khoan den bii nao cho dii hi mat vice lam 30 thang so vm HDLD da ky; kel Tru&ng hrrp 2' Thuc hien HDLD duac 18 thang NLD bi ciio thoi vice do doanh nghiep thay doi ca cau Truang m nay NLD duac tra cap mat viec lam bang 2 thang tien luong, tiong do khoan dugc den bii do mat viec !am la i thang ticn luang (Truong hap nay nguai lao dong bi mat viec lam 18 thang so voi HDLD da ky ket)
fMmmas^
ThU- ndm. ve thdng bao cham dut HDLD (Dilu 45).
Day la quy djnh mdi ciia BLLD nam 2019 so vdi BLLD nam 2012, gdm hai ngi dung: i) NghTa vu cua NSDLD trong viec thdng bao cho NLD v l viec ch4m dirt HDLD khi HDLD ch4m dirt; ii) Xae djnh thdi diem cham dirt HDLD trong mdt sd tradng hop cu the.
Theo quy djnh tai Khoan I Dieu 45 BLLD nam 2019, khi HDLD chSm dirt, NSDLD phai thdng bao bang van ban cho NLD ve viee cham dut hgp ddng, trir cac tradng hgp quy dmh tai Khoan 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Dilu 34 BLLD nam 2019^
Can phan biet nghTa vu thdng bao viee cham dut HDLD quy djnh tai Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019 vdi nghTa vu bao trudc khi NSDLD don phuong cham dirt HDLD theo quy djnh tai Dilu 36 BLLD nam 2019. Viec bao trade khi dan phuang cham dirt HDLD theo Didu 36 BLLD nam 2019 la mdt trong cac dieu kien dam bao cho viec don phuong cham diit HDLD ciia NSDLD la hgp phap, duoc thue hien tnr&e khi chdm dut HDLD mpt thdi gian nhat dinh tiiy vao thai ban ciia HDLD se cham dirt. Ndu vi pham thdi gian bao trudc thi viec don phuang cham dirt HDLD ciia NSDLD bj coi la trai phap luat (Dilu 39 BLLD nam 2019). Cdn thdng bao chain dirt HDLD theo quy djnh tai Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019 chi la mdt thii mc hanh chinh, duge thuc hien khi HDLD chdm dirt theo cac tradng hgp dugc quy dinh tai BLLD nam 2019. Day khong phai la dieu kien ctia viec cham dirt HDLD, khdng anh hudng den gia tri phap Iy ciia vice cham dut HDLD. Y nghTa ciia quy dmh nay dugc giai thich rang,
viec thdng bao nay d l kh^ng djnh chac chan HDLD da chim dut va chkm dirt tir thdi diem nao de hai ben chii ddng, Iam co sd thuc hien cac thil tue cd lien quan (kl ca viec ban giao j cdng viec, tai lieu, giai quyat quyan Ipi, nghia vu va trach nhiem ciia cac ben...). Nau xuit phat tir y nghTa nhu vay tbi vice thdng bao nay can dugc thuc hicn trong tat ea cac trudng hgp khi HDLD cham dirt, tru tradng hgp khdng thi thuc hien dugc (nhu: NLD chit; NSDLD la ca nhan chet; NLD bj tda an myen bd mat nang lire hanh vi dan su, mat tich hoae da chet...).
Vi vay, can xem xet them ve tinh hgp ly ciia cac trudng hgp loai tru dugc quy djnh tai Khoan 1 Dilu 45 BLLD nam 2019.
Ben canh quy djnh va nghTa vu cua NSDLD trong viee thdng bao chain diit HDLD, Khoan 2 Dieu 45 BLLD nam 2019 cdn quy djnh cu the thdi diem cham dut HDLD trong mdt sd trucmg hop, nhu sau: i) Trudng hgp NSDLD khong phai la ca nhan cham dut boat dgng thi thoi diem cham dirt HDLD tinh tir thdi diem co thong bao chain diit boat ddng; ii) Tradng hop NSDLD khdng phai la ca nhan bj co quan chuyen mdn ve dang ky kinh doanh thudc Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh ra thdng bao khdng co ngudi dai dien theo phap luat, ngudi dugc iiy quyen thuc bien quyen va nghTa vu cua nguoi dai dien theo phap luat theo quy dinh tai Khoan 7 Diau 34 ciia BLLD thi thdi diem cham diit HDLD tinli tir ngay ra thong bao.
Thic sau, ve trg cap thdi viec va trg cap mat viec lam (Dilu 46, Dieu 47)
Dugc trg cap thdi viec, trg cap mat viec lam la nhiing quydn Igi quan trgng cua NLD ma '' Cac truang hop nguoi su dung lao dpng khong phai thong bao cho ngucn lao dong khi HDLD cham dirt gom'
- Nguai lao dong bi ket an phat tii nhung khong dugc huang an treo hoac khong thupc truong hop duac tra tu do theo quy dinh tai Klioan 5 Di6u 328 ciia Bo luat T6 Uing hinh su. tu hinh hoac bi cam Iam cong viec ghi trong hop dong lao dpng theo ban an, quylt dinh ciia Toa an da co hieu luc phap luat (Khoan 4 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
- Ngudl lao dpng la nguai nuac ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam bi trye xuat theo ban an, quyet dinh ciia Toa an da co hieu luc phap !uat, quyet dinh ciia co quan nha nuac co thdm quyen (Khoan 4 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
- Nguai lao dpng chit, bi Toa an tuyen b6 mdt nang luc hanh vi dan su, mai tich hoae da chet (Khoan 6 Dilu 34 BLLD nam 2019)-
- Nguai su dung lao dono |a ca nhan chit; bi Toa an tuyen b l mdt nang luc hanh vi dan su, mat tich hoac da chit.
Nguoi su dung lao dong khong phai la ca nhan chdm dirt hoat dong hoac bi ca quan chuyen mon v6 dang ky kinh doanh thuoc Uy ban nhan dan cap tinh ra thong bao khong co nguai dai dien theo phap luat, nguoi duoc iiy quygn thuc hien quygn va nghia vu ciia nguai dai dien theo phap luat (Khoan 7 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
- Ngudl lao dong bi xu ly ky luat sa thai (Khoan 8 Dieu 34 BLLD nam 2019).
>DLD CO nghia vu thanh toan (cho nhung -D du dilu kien) khi HDLD chkm dut. V l co n, Dieu 46 va Dilu 47 BLLD nam 2019 van p tue ke thira quy dinh tai Dilu 48 va Dilu 49
^LD nam 2012. Diam mdi duy nhat va cung su can thiet phai sira ddi d day la ddi Urgng rdngtro cap thoi viec va ddi tugng hudng trg p mat viee lam da dugc tach bach, tranh su idng lan va gay ra su hiau I^m nhu quy djnh
Dilu 48 va Dieu 36 BLLD nain 2012'.
Tuy nhien, cd mdt sd van de can ban thdm day la-
Mpt Id, Dilu 46 BLLD nam 2019 da loai bd LD la ngudl nudc ngoai bj cham diit HDLD ) Giay phep lao dgng bet hiau luc d tat ca cac udng hgp quy dmh tai Dieu 156 BLLD ra khdi 5i tupng duge hudng trg cap thdi v i e d
Y nghTa Idn nhat ciia trg cap thdi viec la ghi ban cdng sire ddng gdp cua NLD trong sudt idi gian NLD da lam viec cho NSDLD. Vi ay, hi BLLD nam 1994 din BLLD nam 2012, hi cac trudng hgp NLD mac "Idi nang" mdi bj jai khdi ddi tugng dugc trg cap (nhu: NLD on phuong cham diit HDLD trai phap luat;
ILD bj ky luat sa thai'). Xuat phat tir y nghTa
nay, ddi chieu vdi cac trudng hgp Giay phep lao ddng bet hieu lire dugc quy djnh tir Khoan 1 den Khoan 8 Dieu 156 de dang nhan ra su thieu hgp ly trong quy djnh tai Dieu 46 BLLD nam 2019.
Hai Id, tir qua trinh xay dung Du an BLLD nam 1994, Ban soan thao da thuylt minh trong CO cau ciia trg cap mat viec Iam bao gdm ca khoan trg cap thoi viec nhu cac tradng hgp cham dirt HDLD khac va khoan tiln bdi thudng (50% trong mire trg ckp mdt viec lam) ma NSDLD phai tra cho NLD do Iam mat chd Iam viec ciia NLD. Vdi co cau nay. quy djnh vl trg cap mat viec Iam nhin chung dugc giii nguyen tir BLLD nam 1994 din BLLD nam 2012 va BLLD nam 2019. Neu md xd quy dinh nay thi se thay ngudi bj mat viec cang nhidu thi muc den bii cang thap'" va day chinh la diem bat hgp Iy ciia quy djnh nay. Se la phii hgp hon neu thuc hien trp cap thdi viec cho NLD bj cham dut HDLD theo Khoan 1 i Dilu 34 BLLD nam 2019 nhu nhung trudng hgp khac. Ngoai ra, NSDLD phat den bu them mdt khoan do Iam mat chd Iam viec cua NLD tiiy thugc mire do mat viec lam ciia NLD./.
Theo quy dinh tai Dieu 46 BLLD nam 2019, nhirng nguai lao dpng da lam vice du 12 thang tro len cho nguoi sii ung lao dong se duac huang Ira cap thoi viec khi HDLD cham dirt theo cac Khoan 1, 2, 3, 4. 6, 7. 9 va 10 Dieu 4 BLLD, Theoquy dinh tai bilu 47 BLLD nam 2019, nhirng nguoi lao dong da lam viec dii 12 thang tro Ien cho guai Sii dung lao dong se duoc huang trg cdp mat viec lam khi HDLD cham dirt theo Khoan 11 Dieu 34 BLLD luy dinh tai Dilu 48 va Dilu 49 BLLD nam 2012 khong c6 su tach bach ro rang nhu vay, ma co su chong idn dli
gng giua hai dilu luat do (Xem chi tilt quy dinh tai Dilu 48, Dieu 49 BLLD nam 2012).
'Dieu 156. Cac truong hop giay phep lao dong het hieu luc Giay phep lao dpng het thai han.
Cham dirt hgp dong lao dpng.
Ngi dung ciia hgp d6ng lao dong khong diing vai noi dung ciia giay phep lao dpng da dugc cap.
Lam viec khong diing vai npi dung trong giay phep lao dong da duac cap
Hop dong trong cac ITnh VTJC la co so phat sinh giay phep lao dpng het thcri han hoac cham dirt Co van ban thong bao cua phia nuac ngoai thoi cir lao dpng la nguoi nuoc ngoai lam viec tai Viet Nam Doanh nghiep, to chirc, d6i tac phia Viet Nam hoac tl chirc nuac ngoai tai Viet Nam su dung lao dpng la nguai uoc ngoai cham dut hoat dpng.
Gidy phep lao dong bi thu hoi".
Ngoai ra, trong cac nghi dinh quy dinh chi net, huang dan thi hanh con loai ngudi lao dong cham dirt HDLD de LTong luong huu hang thang ra khoi doi Uicmg dugc huong trg cdp thoi viec. Nhieu y kien cho rang quy dinh nay
bdt hop ly va trai vai BLLD.
Vi dir Doanh nghiap va NLD ky HDLD xac dinh thai han 36 thang Hay so sanh hai truong hop sau.
Tru&ng hap 1: Thue hien HDLD dugc 6 thang NLD dpng bi cho thoi viec do doanh nghiep thay dli co cau ruong hpp nay NLD khong duac trg cap mat viec lam do chua lam dii 12 thang cho doanh nghiep, cung dong nghia ji viec NLD khong nhan dugc khoan den bii nao eho dii bi mdt viec lam 30 thang so vai HDLD da ky ket.
Tnraiighap2 Thue hien HDLD duac 18 thang NLD bj cho thoi viec do doanh nghiep thay doi co cau Trucmg TO nay NLD dugc tra cap mat viec lam bang 2 thang tien luang, trong do khoan duac den bii do mat viec lam la
thang tiln luong (Truang hgp nay nguai lao dpng bi mat viec lam 18 thang so \ oi HDLD da ky ket)
