Thu-c trang va trien vong cua nghien ciru Ottoman

Thu-c trang va trien vong cua nghien ciru Ottoman - Tho Nhi Ky & Viet Nam

Lu-ViAn<*'

Tom tdt: Nghien cicu Ottoman (Osmanli Ara§tirmalari) Id mdt tieu chuyen ngdnh cua Ddng phuong hgc vd nghien cuu Trung Dong ciing nhu Thd Nhi Ky hgc, ra ddi vdo cudi the ky XVIII. Viic tim hiiu lich sic. vdn hda vd ngdn ngir cua di chi Ottoman dugc quan tdm d nhieu nuac trin thi gidi Tgi Viet Nam, viee nghiin cicu Ottoman - Thd NhTKy vdn cdn khd mdi me vd chua dugc quan tdm nhieu. Trong bdi cdnh quan hi hgp tac giica Thd NhTKy vd Viet Nam dang dugc thiic day, viic tim hieu lich su, vdn hda vd ngdn ngii Thd NhTKy ddn trd thdnh mot xu the tdt yiu. Bdi viet tdng quan tinh hinh nghiin cuu Ottoman - Thd NhTKy tgi Viet Nam, tic dd dua ra nhiing phdn tich vi khd ndng vd trien vgng cua nghien cuu Ottoman - Thd NhTKy tgi Viet Nam trong thdi gian toi.

Tir khda: Nghien ciiu Ottoman, Thd NhT Ky hgc, Nghien ciiu Trung Ddng, Ddng phuang hpc

Abstract: The Ottoman Studies (Osmanli Ara§tirmalari) is a sub-discipline of Oriental Studies and Middle East Studies as well as Turkology which emerged in the late 18th century. Much has been studied about the Ottoman Empire's history, culture and language in many countries around the world. However, the Ottoman Studies and Turkology remain rather unfamiliar among Vietnamese scholars. As the cooperation between Turkey and' Vietnam is being enhanced, studying Turkish history, culture and language has gradually become an inevitable trend. The article provides an overview of Ottoman Studies in Vietnam and an analysis ofthe abilities and prospects in the future.

Keywords: Ottoman Studies, Turkology, Middle East Studies, Oriental Studies

1. M d d a u ngdn ngu vd cac khia canh ttuyen thong Nghien ciiu Ottoman (tilng Anh: khde ciia de e h l Ottoman (tdn tai tii ndm Ottoman Studies, tilng Thd NhT Ky: 1299 d i n nam 1923) - mdt ttong nhiing Osmanh Ara?tirmalari) la mdt budng d l c h l himg manh nhat trong lich sir nhan nghien ciiu lien nganh thudc khoa hoc nlidn "o^»' ^« ^"^ ^ " ^ S , ' ^ " g ^ ^ P ^ ^^ ^a lyc van, cd muc dich tim hilu lich su, vdn boa, ^^^ ^>^!" ^ ^^^^ ^^ 7 " ^ ^ . ^°^g>' ^^^^

Phi (Bdc Phi) va chau Au (Dong Nam Au).

<•> Dai hoc Istanbul, Th6 NhT Ky, Bdng thdi, nghien ciiu Ottoman cdn la mdt Email: luvianbt@gmail.com tieu chuyen ngdnh cua Ddng phuong hpc

Thyc ttang vi tri&i vong.. ]7 va nghien cuu Tnmg Ddng, cd mdi lien he

ca ban vdi Thd NhT Ky hpc.

Thd NhT K^' hpc (tilng Anh: Turkology hoac Turcology, tilng Thd NhTKy: Tiirkoloji hay Tiirkiyat, Tiirklukbilimi) la mdt nganh nghien ciiu vl ngdn ngu va ddi sdng vat chdt ciing nhu ddi sing tinh than ciia cac nhdm ddn tdc Tho tten the gidi, ttong do chii yeu la ngudi Tho d Thd NhT Ky (Tihkiye Turkleri). Khi tiep can nghien ciiu ve ngudi Tho d Thd NhT Kj', cac nha Thd NhT Ky hpc tten the gidi thudng tap trung nghien ciiu Ottoman. Dieu do cd nghTa la nghien ciiu Ottoman cd mdi lien he chat che vdi Thd NhT Ky hpc, la mdt phan nganh hep vl ca mat khong gian lan thdi gian ciia Thd NhT Ky hpc. Ben canh cac trung tdm hang ddu the gidi ve nghien cuu Ottoman d phuang Tay, viee tim hieu lich su, van hda, ngdn ngir ciia de ehe Ottoman cling dupe quan tam d cdc nude Ddng A, sdm nhdt Id tai Nhdt Ban vdi bl day lich su hon mot thi ky (Suzuki, 2003: 117). Cdn d Viet Nara, viec nghien ciiu Ottoman chi mdi bdt ddu duoc quan tam ttong thdi gian gdn day.

2. Thyc trang nghien cihi Ottoman - Tho NhT Kyd Viet Nam

Dya theo nhung tu lieu lich su, cd thi thdy sy tiep xiic va lien he giiia ngudi Thd NhT Ky va Viet Nam da bdt ddu tii cudi thi ky XIX. Vao ndm 1890, tau Erhigrul thudc Ham dpi hai quan Ottoman tren dudng di den Nhdt Ban de thyc hien sii menh ngoai giao da diing tai cdng Sdi Gdn (Viet Nam) ttong khoang 24 ngay (Mutercimler, Oke, 1991: 63). Kl tilp, nam 1893, mot vien chiic Ottoman ten la Mustafa bin Mustafa ttong chuyen vien du sang phuang Ddng da ghe thdm ban dao Ddng Duong (^inhindi), trong do cd Sdi Gdn. Hanh ttinh nay ciia Mustafa duoc ghi chep lai trong tac phdm Mdt chimin hdnh trinh d Vien Ddng (Aksd-

yi §ark'ta Bir Ceveldn) viit nam 1894 (Mustafa, 2010: 93-94). Cdn nhung ghi chep sdm nhat cua ngudi Viet Nam vl Thd NhT Ky cd le la cua Pham Phii Thii vl cdc dia danh thupc lanh thd cua dl che Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky, ttong tac pham Tdy hdnh nhat ky tiic Nhdt ky di Tdy (dugc viit nam 1864) (Lu, 2017: 328). Trong tiidi ky chiln ttanh Viet Nam, mdt sd nha bao ngudi Tho NhT Ky da din mien Nam Viet Nam dua tin vl cupc chien, gdp phan giiip dpc gia Thd NhT Ky cd cai nhin thyc te khach quan ve tinh hinh cudc chien nai nay (Lu VT An, 2017:

404-416: LuVT An, 2018: 541-552). Nhilu an phdm ve chien ttanh Viet Nam hoac Hen quan den tinh hinh Viet Nam ciing dugc dich va xudt ban d Thd NhT Ky (Lu VT An, 2017: 75-82).

Nhu vay, qud trinh lien he, tiep xiie cung nhu nhdn thiic giira hai ddt nude, hai ddn tpc Viet Nam va Thd NhT Ky da cd lich su Idu dai han mdt the ky. Tuy nhien, quan he ngoai giao chinh thiic giiia hai nude chi mdi dupe thiet lap vao nam 1978, mai den nam 1997 Thd NhT Ky mdi thiet lap dai sii quan tai

\^et Nam, vd den ndm 2003 \^et Nam mdi thiet lap dai sii quan tai Thd NhT Ky. Viec thiet lap quan he ngoai giao chinh thiic giiia hai nude kha mudn so vdi nhieu nude khac ttong cung khu vyc. Cac boat dpng thiic ddy quan he hop tae giiia hai nude chi mdi duac ttien khai ttong khodng hon 20 nam ttd lai ddy, cung vdi mdt sd nguyen nhdn khac nhu sy khac biet ve ngdn ngtt, van hda da khien cho viec nghien ciiu Thd NhT Ky d Viet Nam chua dupe quan tdm nhieu.

Viec tim hieu ve Ottoman - Thd NbT Ky d Viet Nam chii yeu cdn han che trong pham vi cdc giao trinh lich sii the gidi cd tinh chat thdng sir, chir chua phai la nghien ciiu hay chuyen khdo rieng biet. Sdm nhdt cd the ke den cudn Lich su thi gidi trung

Thong tin Khoa hpc xa hoi. so 3.2019

dgi, quyin 1'. Trong chuang III, muc III, cdc ttang 79-83 eiia giao trinh ndy viit vl de qudc Thd Nhi Ky, dl cap din nguIn gle cua ngudi Thd (Tihk) va su thdnh lap ciia de chl Thd Ottoman. Din cuin Lich su thi gidi trung dgi, quyen 2^ chuang XIII, cdc ttang 142-148 tilp tiic viit vl qua ttmh banh trudng ciia de che Ottoman, cdng viec npi bd va su suy yeu cua dl chl vao cudi thi ky XVI ddu thi ky XVII. Nhihig ndi dung viet ve de che Ottoman dupe dl cap ttong giao trinh nay rdt ngan gpn, vdn ven tii 4 den 6 trang d mdi quyen vd chi phdc bpa nhiing net co ban, chii khdng di sdu trinh bay lich sir ciia de che Ottoman.

Cac thuat ngii sii dung trong gido ttinh duac phien am ra tieng Viet chii khdng giii nguyen theo tir gdc, vi du Ottoman thanh Ot-td-man, Istanbul = I-xtam-bun, Sultan ^ Xun-tan, tix quan trudng khu la sancak bey thanh san-gidc bdy. Vay nen cd cho phien am cdn nham, nhu tdng trdn (tieng Thd NhT Ky: eyalet) thanh vi-lai-et (trong tieng Thd NhT Ky vilayet nghia la tinh, don vi hanh chinh chi cd tir ndm l'S64 chii khong phai vao the ky XV-XVI), bay ngu ldm qudn (cdm ve quan) Janissary (tieng Tho Nhi Ky: Yenigeri) a quyen 1 la Gia-nit-xi-ri (ttang 81), cdn d quyen 2 lai Id Gia-nit-xa (ttang 145).

Khoang hon 20 nam sau, trong giao trinh Lich sic Trung Can Ddng^, cdc chuang III, IV vd V ed danh mot ndi dung

' Dang Difc An, Pham H6ng Viet (bien soan, 1978), Lich sa the gi&i trung dat, quyen 1, Nxb. Giao due.

Ha Noi.

^ Luang Ninh, Dang Due An (bien soan, 1978), Lich sii the giai trung dgi, quyen 2, Nxb. Giao due.

Ha Noi.

^ Nguyen Thi Thu, Nguyen H6ng Bich, Nguyin Van Son (2003), Lich'^sic Trung Can Dong, Nxb.

Giao due, Tp. H6 Chi Minh.

ddng ke dl viit ve dl chl Ottoman theo tien ttinh lich sii ciia nd tir khi thanh lap din phat triln cue thinh vd khung hodng suy vong (cac tremg 103-123, 142-158, 166-169 va 189-202). Cho din nay, day van la giao ttinh lich sii khu vyc duy nhat d Viet Nam dl cap kha co bdn vl lich sir cua dl chl Ottoman. Mac dii vdy, ttorig giao trinh nay van cdn vdi sai sdt dang ttec vl mat thuat ngu lich su. Chdng ban, ten gpi cua dl chl Ottoman dupe viet la de che Osmanl Tuong ty, ngudi dung ddu tdng trdn (eyalet) quan ly hanh chinh - qudn sy la beylerbeyi dugc viet Id beilerbei, cdn cdm ve qudn (Yenigeri - Janissary) dugc viet la lanycha. Gido trinh cdn nhdm Ian giUa don vi hdnh chinh tdng trdn (eyalet) vdi tinh (vilayet), su khac biet giiia hai don vi nay da dugc gidi thich d tren. Ngoai ra, divan (phdng chdu) ciing khdng phai la ten ggi cua Co mat vien hay Hdi ddng nhd nude nhu giao trinh sir dung, ma diing ra phdi la Divdn-i Humdyun (Imperial Council hoac Imperial Divan) (trang 117- 118). Tuy cd vai sai sdt nhd khdng ddng ke vl mat thuat .ngii, song gido trinh Lich su Trung Can Ddng van Id tdi lieu quan trgng de tim hieu khai quat mdt each cd he thdng ve lich su de che Ottoman, khi ma d Viet Nam vdn chua cd bdt cii mdt chuyen khdo hay cdng trinh nghien ciiu rieng biet nao ve lich sii cua de che nay.

'^ Thuc ra Osman hay Osman Gazi (1299-1324) la ten ciia ngucri sang lap nen tri^u dai cung nhu d£

eh^ Ottoman chii khong phai ten di che. Trong ti^ng Th6 NhT Ky, de ch6 Ottoman diroc vidt la Osmanli Imparatorlugu. Theo do, Osmanli co nghTa la thuoc v^ Osman, tuc de che Ottoman dugc dien giai la dS chS cua Osman. Dieu nay x\xk phat tir viec nhftng nguai k l thira Osman da diing ten cua ong d^ dat ten cho trieu dai va de che ma ong sang lap nhu mot each vinh danh. Co le do sai sot trong viec phien am thu5t ngft nen giao trinh nay dS viet thanh de che Osman.

Thyc trang vA trien vong... 19 Ben canh cac gido trinh thdng sii,

eiing cd mot vai bdi viit lien quan den de che Ottoman dugc dang tten cac tap chi nghien ciiu. Chdng han, bai "Van de phuang Ddng ttong quan he quoc te d chau Au vao thdp nien 70 ciia the ky XIX"' phan tich mdi quan he qudc te phiic tap vd day mdu thudn giiia cac nude phuang Tay (chii ydu la Diic, Ao - Hung vdi Nga) xung quanh viec tranh gianh dnh hudng d khu vyc ban ddo Balkan, vdn la phdn lanh thd thudc dS che Ottoman. Sy suy yeu ve nhieu mat cua de che Ottoman da ddn din sy xuat hien cua "vdn de phuong Ddng"

hay "khiing hoang phuang Ddng" (§ark Meselesi hay Dogu Sorunu) trong quan he qudc te d khu vyc Balkan thai bdy gid (nua sau thi ky XIX) (Beydili, 2010:

353). Ngoai ra, cdn cd bai "Ve ngudn goc ngudi linh cua qudn doan Janissaries trong de che Ottoman" va "Quan he giiia de qudc Ottoman vd de qudc Byzantine (1299-1453)"^ Day la nhiing bdi bao khoa hpc dau tien tim hieu cdc van de cu the ciia de che Ottoman: ve td chiic cdm ve qudn Janissary vd quan he bang giao giiia Ottoman vdi Byzantine.

Trong vdi nam ttd lai day, xu hudng nghien ciiu ve lich sii Ottoman - Thd NbT Ky bat ddu dugc quan tam d mot sd trudng dai hpc phia Bac ciia Viet Nam. Cd the ke den cdc de tdi nghien ciiu khoa hpc sinh vien tieu bieu nhu: Quan hi Ottoman - Aceh thi

ky XVI cua Doan Timg Anh^ tim hilu quan he giiia de che Ottoman vdi tieu qudc Aceh d Indonesia; Bien ddi khi hdu vd su hung vong cua cdc di chi: nghien cieu trudng hgp di che Ottoman thi ky XVII cua Pham Tung Ducmg, Vii Van Nam"* tim hieu anh hudng ciia bien ddi khi hau (thdi ky Tiiu Bang Ha) doi vdi sy khiing hoang ciia dl chl Ottoman.

Tren co sd eiia de tai nghien ciiu nay, smh vien Pham Tiing Duong dd thuc hien khda ludn tdt nghiep dai hpc vdi de tai Biin ddi khi hdu vd su khiing hodng kinh ti - xd hdi d di che Ottoman thi ky XVIP. Sau dd, Dang Xudn Khdng va Doan Tiing Anh cd bai "Mdt sd nhan xet ve cai each Tanzimat cua de che Ottoman tii ndm 1839 din nam 1876"^ tim hieu khai qudt vd dua ra danh gid ve Tanzimat - thdi ky cai each d de che Ottoman, dien ra trong giai doan 1839-1876. Gdn ddy nhdt (thang 6/2019), Doan Timg Anh da hoan tat ludn van thac sT vdi de tai Dgc diim md hinh di chi Ottoman (1453-1703). Day cd the dugc xem la ludn vdn thac sT ddu tien ve lich su Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky dugc bdo ve tai Viet Nam'.

' ciia tac gia Dao Tuan Thanh (Khoa Ljch six, Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi), dSng tren Tgp chi Nghien ciiu Lich sti, s6 391+392, thing 11 + 12/2008.

^ ciia hai tac gia Dang Van Chuong va TrSn Dinh Himg (thuoc Khoa Lich sii, Djii hoc Khoa hpc Hu6), dang tren Tgp chi Lich su Qudn su, s6 205 nam 2009 va T^p chi Nghien cuu Chdu Au, s6 123, thang 12/2010.

^ thupc trucrng Dai hpc Khoa hoc xa hpi va nhan van (Dai hpc Qu6c gia Ha Noi), do Dang Xuan Khang hudrngdan, thuc hien trong nam hpc 2015-2016.

•* thupc truong Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi 2, do Nguyen Van Vinh hircmg dan, thuc hien trong nam 2016.

' cung do Nguyin Van Vinh huong dan, hoan thanh tai hirong Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi 2 vao nam 2017.

^ Dang tren tap chi Nghien cuu Chdu Phi va Trung f)o«g, s6 6 ( l 4 2 ) n a m 2 0 1 7

•' Tuy nhien, ciing eSn ban luan them ve pham vi nghien cuu ciia dS tai nay. Khong r5 tac gia va nguoi huong dan can cu vao tieu chi nao de lay giai doan 1453- 1703 lam gioi han cho pham vi nghien eiiu ciia de tai.

Boi le theo cac nghiSn ciiu ciia hpc gia Tho NhT Ky, Hch sir chinh tri ciia di chS Ottoman chi duac chia lam hai giai doan la e6 dien (1300-1774) va can dai (1774- 1922) (Emecen, 2007: 580). C6t m6c nam 1453 c6 thi hilu duac vi day la buofc ngoat quan trong Irong

20 Thdng tin Khoa h9c xfi hoi. sd 9.2019 Ngoai cac giao trinh tiidng su va mdt

sd bai viit nghien ciiu eua cdc tac gid Yiet Nam, cdn cd mdt tac pham viet vl Ottoman dich tir tilng Thd NhT Ky la Di chi Ottoman - Lich sugidnyiu\ Chi vdi 47 ttang nhung tac phdm nay da he tiiong mot each khdi quat vd siic tich ve tien trinh Hch sir ciia dl che Ottoman. Ngoai ra, tdc phdm cdn cd mdt thu muc chpn Igc gdm cac cong trinh nghien ciiu CO bdn va tieu bieu ve Ottoman viit bdng tieng Thd NhT Ky, Anh, Phap, giiip ngudi dpc cd the tham khao va tiep can van de sdu rdng ban. Ngodi tap sach nay, cdn mot sd tac phdm djch thuat khac ve Thd NhT Ky, nhung khdng lien quan den lich sii Ottoman^.

Mot sd nha nghien ciiu thudc Vien Han ldm Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam ciing cd sdch tham khao vd bai viet nghien ciiu ve Thd

lich sir ciia de ehe Ottoman khi Fatih Sultan Mehmet chinh phuc thanh Constantinople (Konstantinopolis hoac Konstantiniyye), dan den s^r diet vong cua de che Byzantine. Doi vai cae nha sir hoc thi day la cot m6e hch sir thi gioi kit thiic thoi trung co, buoc vao thoi can the (tieng Anh: early modern age, tieng Tho NhT Ky: erken morden donemi hogc yeni gag).

Con cot moc nam 1703 la thoi diem xay ra su bien Edime (Edime Vak'asi) dan den su thoai vi ciia Sultan Mustafa II thi co le khong tao anh huang Ion Iao den van menh ciia de che Ottoman bang cot moc nam 1699 - thcri diem ma de che Ottoman ky hoa udc Karlowitz vai de che Habsburg, danh dau viec lan dau tien trong ljch sir hon 300 nam ciia de ehe, nguoi Tho Ottoman phai ky mot hoa uac voi tu each nuac chien bai.

' B6 Ngoai giao Cpng hoa Th6 NhT Ky (2003), f)i che Ottoman - Lich sir gidn yiu, Nxb. The giai.

Ha Npi. Tac pham duac dich tir nguyen tac The Ottomans: A Brief History of A World Empire do Mehmet 6 z , Oktay Ozel, Ak;in Some!, tlber Ortayli bien soan duoi sir chu tri cua Bo Ngoai giao Tho NhT Ky.

^ Vi du nhu: Tiing cuai Tho NhT Ky {Tales of the Hodja) do Le Thanh Huong, Biii Kim TuySn dich, Atalurk nguoi khai sinh nhd nuac Thd Nht Ky hiin dgi (Alalurk. The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey) cua Andrew Mango, do Le Dlnh Chi dich, Nxb. Thi giai. Ha Noi, 2015.

NbT Ky nhung chii ylu chi de cap den quan he hgp tac kmh tl va thuong mai giiia Viet Nam - Thd NhT Ky hoac tinh hmh chinh tri va quan he qudc te ciia Thd NhT Ky duong dai, ehii khdng cd nghien ciiu ndo lien quan din lich sir Ottoman^ Cac sach tiiam khdo, bdi viet nghien ciiu nay eiing chi mdi dugc cdng bd ttong khodng mdt tiidp nien ttd lai ddy, con mang tinh ngau nhien vd rdi ra,c, chua till hien dugc sy quan tdm rdng khap cd ti'nh he thdng.

Nhu vay, cd thi thay viec nghien ciiu Ottoman d Viet Nam cdn rdt han che va chua dugc quan tdm nhieu, nd chi gidi ban ttong vai gido ttinh thdng su vd bai nghien ciiu vdi sd lugng it di, mang tinh ngdu nhien va chua cd he thdng. Chat lugng ciia cdc giao ttinh bay bai nghien ciru nay ciing cdn rapt sd bat cap vd sai sdt ve mat thuat ngii khoa hpc, dinh nghTa. Ngudn tai lieu tham khdo, tu lieu nghien ciiu cung cdn han che bdi hau het cac giao trinh, bdi viet nay deu sii dung tdi Hfiu dugc viet bang tieng Anh, Phap, Nga (hoac dugc dich tir eae thir tieng ndy sang tieng Viet) chii khdng phai tai lieu gdc bang tieng Thd NbT Ky, do dd dT nhien chua the tiep can ddy dii dugc quan diem, gdc nhin cua ngudi Thd NhT Ky ve vdn de lich sir cua chinh hp.

Mac du cdn nhieu ban che, nhung ciing can thira nhdn rang cac gido trinh, bai nghien

^ Co thi k l din cac cu6n sach: Pham Trkn Long (2006), Ddt nuoc vd con ngudi Tho NhT Ky, Nxb.

T h i gioi, Ha Npi; Biii Nhat Quang (2013), ThS NhTKy vd khd nang hgp tdc ciia yiet Nam din ndm 2020, Nxb. Khoa hpc x5 hpi, Ha Npi. Ngoai ra, theo t h i n g ke cua chiing toi, tir nam 2010 din nay co t6ng cpng 24 bai viet ctia cac nha nghien cuu thupc Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam viit v^

Th6 NhT Ky, dang tren cac t^p chi: Nghien cuu Ton gido, Nghiin cuu Chau Phi vo Trung Dong, Nhirng van di Kinh ti vd Chinh tri thi gioi, Nghien ciru Chdu Au, Nghien cuu An Do vd Chau A, Kinh ti Chdu A - Thdi Binh Duang.

inyc trang va tngn vong.. 21 cuu neu tten da phan anh nhiing no lyc dang

kl ttong viec theo dull va md ra mdt hudng nghien ciiu mdi vl Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky d Viet Nam, nhdt la tbdi gian gdn ddy.

3. Trien vong cua nghien ciiu Ottoman - Tho Nhi Kyd Viet Nam

Quan he hgp tac Viet Nam - Thd NhT K^ thdi gian gdn ddy da cd nhiing budc tiln quan ttpng. Dang chii y la chuyen tham Viet Nam ciia Thii tudng Thd NhT Ky Binali Yildirim vao hai ngay 23-24/8/2017 va chuyen tham Thd NhT Ky cua Chu tjch Quoc hpi Viet Nam Nguyen Thi Kim Ngdn tii ngdy 07-12/10/2018. Quan he hgp tdc vl mat vdn boa, giao due va khoa hpc ky thuat giiia hai qudc gia ciing dugc tdng cudng, phdt ttien. Nam 20l3, nhdn dip ky niem 35 nam thiet lap quan he ngoai giao Viet Nam - Tho NhT Ky, Vien Nghien ciiu Chau Phi va Trung Dong (thudc Vien Han ldm Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam - VASS) dd phii hgp vdi Dai sii qudn Thd NhT Ky tai Ha Ndi va Trung tam Nghien ciiu Chien luge thudc Bd Ngoai giao Thd NbT Ky td chiic Hpi thao quoc te "Viet Nam vd Thd NhT Ky trong bdi cdnh phdt triin mdi^ nhdm danh gia lai nhiing chang dudng da qua ttong quan he hgp tdc giiia hai nude va dinh hudng phat trien trong tuong lai. Tiep theo, thang 6/2018, nhdn dip ky niem 40 ndm thiet lap quan he ngoai giao giiia hai nude, Vien Han ldm Khoa hpc Tho NhT Ky (TUBA) vd Vien Han lam Khoa hgc xa hdi Viet Nara da ky ket hiep dinh hgp tac song phuang.

Nhiing budc tien ttong quan he hpp tac giiia Viet Nam va Thd Nbl Ky thdi gian gdn ddy da tao nen tang thiic day viec nghien ciiu Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky d Viet Nara. Ciing cdn xac dinh rang, nghien ciiu Ottoman phai dugc ddt ttong mdi lien he chat che vdi Thd NhT Ky hgc va nghien ciiu Trung Ddng.

Thd NhT Ky hpc va nghien ciiu Ottoman la

nhiing mang van de quan ttpng va can ban ciia nghien ciiu Trung Ddng. Tiic khi ndi den nghien ciiu Trung Ddng thi khdng the khdng de cap den Thd Nhi Ky hgc. Thyc t£ cho thay trong thdi gian qua, khi ndi den nghien ciiu Trung Ddng d Viet Nam thi A Rap hpc va nghien ciiu Ba Tu da cd nhimg budc tien kha ca ban, ttong khi Thd NhT Ky hpc chua cd dugc vi the tuong tu.

Thdi gian tdi, ndi dung nghien ciru Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky d Viet Nam cd the tap trung vao he thdng chinh tti Thd Nhi Ky, chinh sach ddi ngoai ciia Thd NhT Ky, kinh te Thd Nhi Ky, quan he qudc te d Trung Ddng trong mdi lien he da phuang giiia cdc nude A Rap - Thd NhT Ky - Iran vdi Israel, tiic la cac vdn de Thd Nhi Ky duong dai, ciing la cdc vdn de da va dang dugc cdc vien nghien ciiu ttien khai thyc hien. Ben canh do, timg budc se tien tdi nghien eiiu lich su, ngdn ngii va van hda Thd NhT Ky thdi ky Ottoman. Cdc npi dung nghien ciiu chinh cd the ddt ttong sy lien he vdi khu vyc vd Viet Nam, nhu:

I- Vi ngdn ngii: tilng Thd NhT Ky thdi ky Ottoman (Osmanli Tiirk9esi hay Osmanlica);

+ Vi vdn hda: he thdng lich 12 con giap ciia ngudi Turk, ngudn gdc cua ea phe Thd NhT Ky, vdn hda udng tta Thd NhT Ky;

+ Vi lich sic Ottoman: Pax Ottomana (Pax Ottoraanica) - md hinh chinh tti ciia dl chl Ottoman; ve hinh thai kinh te - xa hpi chdu A (Asya tipi uretim tarzi) d Ottoman; bang giao giiia de ehe Ottoman vdi cac nude d Ddng A (thdi nha Minh, Trung Quoc vd Nhdt Ban); anh hudng ciia dl chl Ottoman d An Dp Duong va vai tro ciia ngudi Thd Ottoman ttong hoat dpng thuong mai d phuong Ddng (the ky XVI- XVII); sy lien he va anh hudng cua ngudi Thd Ottoman vdi cac nude Hdi giao Dong

22 Thong tin Khoa hoc xa hpi. so 9.2019 Nam A thi ky XVI-XIX; tiln ttinh cai each

d Thd NhT Ky vao t h i ky XIX ttong tuong quan so sanh vdi Trung Qudc vd Nhdt Bdn;

chii ngbTa ddn tdc d Thd NhT Ky (cudi tbi ky XIX ddu the ky XX); hoac nghien ciiu ve cac cong ttinh dia ly hoac lich su ciia ngudi Tho Ottoman cd lien quan hoac de cap tdi khu vyc Ddng Nam A; v.v...

Lien quan den dpi ngii nghien ciiu, ben canh nhiing giang vien, nghien ciiu vien dang quan tdm tim hieu ve Thd NhT Ky thi cac du hpc sinh Viet Nam dang hpc tap va nghien ciiu d Thd NhT Ky se cd thi ttd tiianh ndng cot ttong viec xdy dyng ddi ngii nghien ciiu co chuyen mdn cao v l Thd NhT Ky trong tuong lai (the hien qua viec sii dung tbanh thao ngdn ngii ban dia trong nghien ciiu, cd each tiep can van de khoa hpc khach quan dudi gdc nhin ciia ngudi nude ngodi, ciing vdi kinh nghiem sdng d ddt nude sd tai thdi gian dai).

4. Ket luan

Cd the thdy, do nhung dac thii ve lich sii quan he ngoai giao giiia hai nude Viet Nara vd Thd NhT Kf, cung cac yeu to khdch quan khac ma viec nghien ciiu Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky tai Viet Nam vdn cdn ban chl ve nhieu mat, tu sd lugng den chat lugng cdng trinh nghien ciiu. Den nay d Viet Nam vdn chua cd vien nghien ciiu hay trudng dai hgc nao ddo tao va nghien ciiu ve Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky, ciing nhu chua cd chuyen gia nghien eiiu nao ve Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky.

Viec gidng day ve lich sii Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky van la mdt mdng khuyet ldn. Cac giao trinh lich su the gidi/lich sii khu vyc khi d l cap d i n Ottoman - Tho NbT Ky van con nhieu sai sdt ve thuat ngii va khai niem.

Mac dii vdy, cung vdi nhirng tien ttien dang ke trong quan he hgp tac giira Viet Nam va Thd NhT Ky thdi gian gdn day, viec nghien ciiu Ottoman - Tho Nhi Ky d Viet Nam da

ddn bat ddu dupe quan tdm ddy du hon. Vi^c tien tdi xdy dyng va phdt triln hudng nghien ciiu Ottoman - Thd NhT Ky t ^ Viet Nam la ttien vpng khdng xa ttong tuong lai a Tai lieu tham khao

1. Lu VT An (2017), "Chiln ttanh Viet Nam qua tudng thuat ciia mdt phi cdng T h i NbT Ky tten nhat bdo Milliyet nam 1963", ttong: Nam bd Ddt vd Ngudi, Tap XII, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia Tp. Hd Chi Minh, Tp. Ho Chi Minh.

2. LuVTAn(2018),"MienNaraVietNara nam 1965 qua gdc nhin cua radt nha bao Thd NhT Ky", trong: Nam bd Ddt vd Ngudi, Tap XIII, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc giaTp. Hd Chi Minh; Tp. Hd Chi Minh.

3. BeydiU, Kemal (2010), "§ark Meselesi", TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 38, ISAM, Istanbul, 352-357.

4. Eraecen, Feridun and Beydili, Kemal (2007), "Osmanhlar", TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 33, ISAM, Istanbul, 580-589.

5. Mustafa bin Mustafa (hazirlay an Ahmet Ufar) (2010), Bir Osmanli Burokratinin Uzakdogu Seyahati, Qarahca, Istanbul.

6. Mutercimler, Erol and Oke, Mim Kemal (1991), Ertugrul Firkateyni Faciasi ve Turk Japon Munasebetlerinin Ba§langici, Turk Dunyasi Ara^tirmalari Vakfi, Istanbul.

7. Suzuki, Tadashi (2003), "From Centtal Asian Studies to AnatoHan Studies: A Century of Turkish Studies in Japan", (9nenr,Vol. 38, 117-134.

8. Vi An Lu (2017), "Turkiye - Vietnam ili§kileri Tarihi ve Vietnam'da Turkiye Algisi Uzerine Bir Inceleme", Uluslararasi Ogrenciler Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 3, Bildiriler Kitabi, Istanbul Medeniyet Universitesi, 315-332.