Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Mai Bich Huyin va tgk
"^ TIEU CHI D A N H G I A BAI LUAN - MOT TRONG NHUTVG CONG C y PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^C TAO LAP VAN BAN CHO HOC SINH
MAI BiCH H U Y £ N ' , N G U Y E N TH! H 6 N G NAM"
TOM TAT
Phdt trien ndng luc (NL) cho ngudi hgc la muc tieu hudng tdi eua gido due phd thong sau ndm 2015. Mpt trong nhirng cdng cu de dgt dugc muc tieu ndy Id ddnh gid (DG) sdn phdm cda hgc sinh (HS) dua tren tieu chi Trong bdi viet ndy, chung tdi trinh bdy tieu chi tgo lap kieu bdi thuyet minh (TM) vd kiiu bdi nghi ludn vi mpt tu tudng dgo li Cdc tieu chi ndy cd hai chue ndng: hudng ddn HS cdeh tgo lap vdn bdn theo the logi vd DG NL tgo lap vdn bdn cua HS. Tieu chi cd the dugc sir dung de gido vien (GV) DG, HS tu DG vd DG ldn nhau trong suot qud trinh hgc. Qua do, cdc NL tu duy phdn tich, DG, sieu nhgn thuc cua HS dugc phdt trien.
Tir khda: tieu chi danh gid, ddnh gid, phdt trien nang luc, nghi ludn, TM.
ABSTRACT
Rubrics for assessing writing - a tool to develop writing competency for High school students
Developing learners' competences will have been identified as one of the major goals of high school education by the year of 2015. One tool to achieve the goal is assessing the students' products using rubrics. In this article we present the rubrics for assessing both introductory texts and argumentative texts about a particular moral issue.
The rubrics perform two functions: guiding students to create genre-based texts and assessing students'abilities to produce texts. The rubrics can be applied in teacher assessment, self- and peer assessment during the learning process, through which a wide range of students 'competences such as analysis, assessment and meta-cognilion can be enhanced.
Keywords: Rubrics, competence-based, assessment, argumentative text, introduction text.
1. Ddt vdn d i hudng din HS biit cdeh ldm bai, vira Gido due Viet Nam dang hudng din dugc su dung di GV DG bdi ludn cua vi?c xay dung chuong trinh dgy hgc HS, HS tu DG va DG ldn nhau. Trong nhdm phdt triin NL cho HS. Ddy la mdt bdi viit nay chiing tdi se di xudt mgt sd hudng di diing, tuy nhien, Idm thi ndo di tieu chi DG bai ludn ciia HS nhdm hudng phdt triin NL cho HS la mgt cau hdi ldn. tdi phdt triin NL cho HS.
Trong mdn NgO van, mdt trong nhimg 2. Thi nao la tieu chi danh gia bijn phdp phdt triin NL cho HS Id xay Dgy hgc nhdm phdt triin NL cila dung tieu chi nhu la mdt cdng cu di vira ngudi hgc Id muc tieu cdt ldi cua giao
' ThS. Tn/dng PTTH Odng Thii, G6 Quae, KiSn Giang
~ PGS TS, Trudng Oai hpc Cdn Tho'
y kiln trao do! SS 62 nam 2014
due md nhiiu nude (MI, cdng ddng chau Au, Singapore...) da vd dang thuc hien, diiu ndy dugc the hien trong thiit ke chuong trinh, phucmg phap day hgc vd DG tiin trinh hgc tap cua HS. Hdi ddng Gido due Lien bang Hoa Ki (2010) dinh nghla "NL tgo lap vdn bdn Id NL lap ke hogeh, chinh sira, bien tgp vd cong bi/xudt bdn" [5]. Nhung NL nay cd the dugc su dung de tag lap nhieu logi van bdn khdc nhau: nghi luan, giai thich, va ki chuyen". Hdi ddng Gido due bang New South Wales, Uc (1987) gidi thich
"tgo lap van bdn Id khd ndng sir dung nhihig tien trinh nhu viet nhdp, chinh sira, thdo ludn, bien tap, hieu dinh vd xudt bdn [3]. Tgo lap vdn bdn cdn bao gdm nhiing ki ndng nhu su dyng cdu diing ngu phdp, viit diing chinh td, rd rang, de doc. Tao lap van bdn cdn bao gdm viec su dung cac kl ndng mdy tinh de trinh bdy cac van bdn, hinh dnh vd cac phucmg tien thdng tin".
Cac tdc gid cua cdc tai lieu tren deu xem NL tgo lap vdn ban bao gdm NL viit nhdp, chinh sira, bien tap vd xudt bdn.
Hdi ddng gido due bang New South Wales cdn di cap nhung NL nhu thdo ludn, hieu dinh, trinh bdy vdn bdn bdng mdy tinh [3]. Mdt trong nhimg cdng cu huu hieu di DG xac thuc NL cua ngudi hgc Id sit dung tieu chi (rubrics). Vdy tieu chi Id gi? Theo Kuhs vd ddng su (2001) thi "Tieu chi DG la bdng mieu td cu the cdc tieu chudn DG kem theo thang diem" [10, tr.61]. Cung theo Kurhs, tieu chi cimg vdi bang danh muc cdc yeu cau ddi vdi cdng viec (checklist) la nhOng phucmg tien hOu ich giup GV ndng cao
chat lugng DG. Cordiner (201-1) cho ling tieu chi Id "Bang danh muc cdc tieu chi DG md ta chi tiit cac cap dg dap iing cua ngudi hgc vdi cac nhiem vij hgc tgp. DG dua vao tieu chi Id BG dua vao cdc tieu chi dd dugc xdc dinh ngay tit ddu, md khdng so sdnh ddi chiiu NL cila HS nay vdi HS khdc" [4, tr.3].
Dinh nghla dudi ddy md Smith va ddng su ndu ra, theo chiing tdi. Id each gidi thich day du nhat ve tieu chi: "Tieu chi (rubric) DG la mgt ma trgn nhdm giiip ngudi DG cd the dua ra nhiing nhgn djnh cd he thdng vd tudng minh vi sdn phim ciia ngudi hgc. Cac hdng ngang trong bdng ma trdn nay thi hifn nhOng phuong dien/ddc diem cua san phdm cdn dugc DG. Mdi hang tuong ung vdi mdt phugng didn, dugc ggi Id tieu chudn (criterion). Ddng dau tien ciia cdc hang dge la cac chudn (standards), thudng gom 4 hggc 5 miic do: Xuat sdc/Tdt, Kha, Trung binh/Kem" [12].
Vdy viec thiet ke tieu chi DG bdi ludn cdn dugc dua tren nhimg eg sd ndo?
3. Cff sd thiet k i tiSu ehi danh gia Tieu chi DG bdi ludn cua HS dugc thiet ke dua tren nhiing muc tieu DG va dac trung thi logi ciia kiiu bdi.
3.1. Mfic tieu Mnh gid bdi lupn cua hgc sinh
3.1.1. Ddnh gid ndng luc ndm virng ddc tnmg the logt
Trong chuong trinh lam vin trung hgc phd thdng, HS dugc hgc nhieu kiiu bai nhu: biiu cam, tu sir, TM, nghi luan... Mdi thi loai cd nhung die diim, dac tnmg rieng vi hinh thiie, ngi dung, cdeh thde ldm bai... Xdc dinh diing thi
Tap chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM Mai Bich Huyin vd tgk
loai, ngudi vidt se cd.dinh huong diing trong vide van dung cdc ki nang: lya chgn tu ngii, chgn y, each didn dat, lya chgn cac phucmg phap tao lap vdn ban phu hgp. Do vdy, ydu cau ddu tien voi mgt bai ludn la phai dung voi dac trung thd loai cua kidu bai. Chang hgn, vidt van ty su cdn xay dung c6t truydn vdi mot chudi su vide, sy vide nay ddn den sy vide kia, dan ddn kdt qud; nghi ludn phai gidi thich, chung minh, DG vdn dd bdng cdc thao tac nhu so sanh, binh luan, bdc bd...
3.L2. Ddnh gid kT ndng to chirc bdi viet, ki ndng Igp ludn
Kl nang td chue bdi luan vd kT ndng lap ludn bao gdm kT nang sap xep y, vidt dung chinh td, sii dyng tir ngu, vidt dogn, van dung cac thao tac, phuang phap ldm bai... dd tgo ndn hidu qua cua van ban.
Ydu cau ddu tidn vd mat hinh thuc ddi v6i mgt vdn bdn (ndi hogc vidt) la phdi dung chinh td (hoac phdt am chudn), yeu cdu tidp theo la dung tir dung va hay, sii dung dung ngQ phdp. Ngoai nhung ydu cdu trdn, timg kieu bdi cdn cd nhiing ydu cdu khdc nhau dd dap ung myc tidu giao ti^p. Chdng hgn, d kidu bdi tu sy, ngdn ngO kd la chii yeu, cdn van bidu cam phdi sir dung cac tir ngu va gigng di?u thd hidn tinh cdm. Van ban nghi lugn cdn sii dyng cdeh ndi khdng dinh hay phii djnh khi DG mgt van de. Trdn co so cac cdu, HS phdi xdy dung duge doan van.
Tung thd loai cd nhiing ydu cdu khac nhau ddi vdi dogn van. Dogn nghi lugn va TM thudng cd cau tnic chat ehe (cd cau chu dogn, cdc cdu phdt tridn doan vd cdu kdt dogn), mdi dogn trinh bay trgn vgn mgt y, nhieu doan trinh bay nhiing y phy
nhdm lam rd mgt y chinh ciia dd bai. Td chiic bdi ludn la cdeh sdp xdp y chinh y phu, lap lugn sao cho dat hidu qud cao nhdt. Khi vidt, ngudi vidt phdi tudn thu diing nhiing quy dinh vd hinh thiic td chiic cua kidu bdi. Khi dd tim hidu va van dung kha thudn thuc nhiing quy dinh dd, ngudi vidt se cd nhiing sang tgo ridng mang ban sac ca nhan. Lap luan trong van nghi ludn la each sap xdp y tudng, ludn didm, lugn cii sao cho bai ludn dgt hidu qua bdng cdc thao tdc gidi thich, phdn tich, chiing minh, so sanh, bdc bd, DG. Ddi vdi kidu bdi TM, lap ludn Id each sdp xdp, trinh bay dac didm, cdu tao, each sii dung, lgi ich ciia su vat; hoac tidu sii, hodn cdnh xa hdi, hogt dgng nghd thudt, tdc pham chinh, ddng gdp ciia tdc gia... bing cac phuong phdp TM phii hgp.
De DG chinh xdc NL tgo lap van ban ciia HS, cdn DG miic do thudn thuc cdc kT nang nay ciia ngucri viet.
3.1.3. Ddnh gid ndng luc hieu yeu cdu ciia de bdi, chu de ciia bdi viet
Mdt trong nhimg tidu chi co bdn dd DG bdi lugn cua HS la DG NL xdc dinh ydu cdu eua dd bai ve ngi dung, hinh thiie vd phgm vi tu lieu ciia bdi vidt. NL hidu dd, phan tich dd cd vai trd djnh hudng cho todn bd tidn trinh tao lap vdn ban cua HS. Ndu nguoi vidt xac dinh sai van dd thi dil ed kha nang didn dat tdt, ddn chiing phong phii... bdi ludn vdn khdng dgt yeu cdu.
3.1.4. Ddnh gid su hieu biet ve vdn de md de bdi yeu cdu
Mdt trong nhiing tidu chi quan trgng dd DG bai ludn ciia HS Id miic dg
Y kien trao doi So 62 ndm 2024
hidu bidt vd vdn dd ma dd bdi ydu cdu.
Nhiing hidu bidt nay dugc thd hien qua vide trinh bay nhdn thiic, quan didm, tu tudng tinh cam, lya chgn dan chiing...
Hidu bidt ciia ngudfi vidt cdng sau rgng thi bdi luan cang cd gid tri.
3.1.5. Ddnh gid su hieu biet ve ngudi dge (dge gid)
Vidt id mgt phuang tidn giao tidp:
vidt la dd cho ngudi nao dd doc. Nghien ciiu ciia HoUiway (2004) dd chi ra vidt la mdt tidn trinh nhdn thue vd tien trinh xa hgi gdm 3 hogt dpng tu duy chong ldn nhau trong qua trinh vidt: hinh dung muc dich giao tidp cd nhan (tdi mudn ndi gi?);
hinh dung bdi se dugc vidt (tdi se vidt gi?), hinh dung quan diem ciia ngucri dge (ngudi dge se didn gidi bai vidt ciia tdi nhu thd ndo?). Vide cd kidn thiic vd nguoi dge thd hien cdc NL sau ciia ngudi viet: (1) Hidu suy nghT va cam nhgn cua ngudi khdc, hg cd thd cd each nhin vdn dd khac vdi ban than; (2) khd nang suy nghT theo each ciia ngucri khac (kinh nghiem vd thd chdt, tinh cdm, xa hdi ciia nguai khdc). Nhiing hidu bidt ndy se lam hidu qua giao tidp ciia bdi vidt tot hem. Vd ddy ciing Id mgt trong nhirng tieu chi dd DG bai lugn. [7]
3.1.6. Ddnh gid ndng luc phdn tich, phe phdn, ddnh gid, sdng tgo
Trong qud trinh tao lap vdn bdn, ngudi vidt phdi sii dung nhiing NL tu duy nhu phan tich, tdng hgp, DG, sang tao.
Nhihig NL nay dugc the hien khi hp phdn tich dd, xac dinh yeu cau cua dd bai, trong qua trinh tridn khai cac ludn didm, ludn chirng, qud trinh dpc lai va chinh siia vdn ban. Do vdy, day la mot trong nhiing
tidu chi quan trgng dd DG bdi lugn.
Dd thiet kd tidu chi DG, ben canh ca sd muc tidu DG bai luan, ngudi thi^t ke phdi dya tren ca sd thii hai, dd Id d^c trung the logi ciia kidu bdi.
3.2. D^c trimg the loai cua kiiu bdi Dudi ddy, chiing tdi gidi thi?u tidu chi DG kidu bai TM vd mgt tac gid, tac phdm va nghj ludn vd mgt tu tudng, dgo li, vi day la nhiing kidu van bdn ma HS thudng xuydn duge ydu cau tao lap.
3.2.1. Dac tnmg kiiu bdi thuyet minh
"Vdn bdn TMld kieu vdn bdn thong dung trong mgi linh vuc ddi sdng nhdm cung cdp tri thue (kien thirc) ve dge diem, tinh chdt, nguyen nhdn... ciia edc hi^n tugmg vd s^ vdt trong tii nhien, xd hgi bdng phucmg thuc trinh bdy, gidi thieu, gidi thich " (Ngii van 8, tr. 117).
Khi tgo lap van ban TM, ngudi viet phai sir dyng cdc phuang phap nhu dinh Jighta, gidi thich; liet kd; so sdnh, phdp phdn logi, phdn tich. Yeu cdu d6i vdi vdn ban TM la: (1) cung cip tri thiic khach quan, xdc thyc, hiiu ich vd mpt ddi tugng duge TM; (2) ngdn ngii chinh xdc, gidn di, gan gui vdi ddi sdng va phii hgp vdi nguoi dge cung nhu ddi tugng dugc gidi thi?u;
vd (3) cau tnic van ban vdi ba phan; md bdi, thdn bdi, kdt ludn. Bai vidt cd th^
dugc trinh bay theo cac hinh thiic kdt cau nhau: theo trinh tu thdi gian, theo trinh ty khdng gian, trinh ty logic vd hdn hgp.
3.2.2. Ddc trimg kiiu bdi nghi ludn
"Vdn nghi lugn Id vdn duac viet ra nhdm xdc lap cho ngudi doc, nguai nghe mot tu tuang, quan diem ndo do. Muon the, vdn nghi ludn phdi eo ludn diem rd rdng, CO li le, ddn chirng thuyet phuc"
T?p chi KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM Mai Bich Huyin vd Igk
(Ngir vdn 7, 2008, tr.9)..
Khi tgo Igp van bdn nghi lugn, ngudi viit phdi trinh bay dugc cdc ludn diem, ludn cir vd ludn chirng. Dd Id cung Id nhimg dac trung co ban cua van nghi lugn. Ludn diim Id y kiin thi hien tu tudng, quan diim trong bdi van nghi ludn dugc neu ra dudi hinh thirc cdu khdng dinh (hay phu djnh), dugc diln dat sdng td, di hieu, nhdt qudn. Ludn diim Id linh hdn cua bdi viit, nd thdng nhdt cdc doan vdn thanh mdt khdi. Ludn diim phdi dung ddn, chdn thgt. Di lam sdng td luan diim, ngudi viit phdi neu nhiing ludn cir, hie Id nhihig Ii Ie, ddn chiing de xdc nhan su diing ddn cua ludn diim. Lap ludn (con ggi Id ludn chiing) la su td chitc, sdp xep cdc luan cir theo trinh tu chgt che, hgp li dS ldm rd ludn diim. Cdc din chiing vd li I§ cd the dugc phdi hgp trinh bdy bdng nhieu cdeh nhu: quy ngp, diin djch, suy Ii, so sdnh, phdn tich, tdng hgp...
Vdn nghi lugn gdm nghi ludn xd hpi vd nghi ludn vdn hgc. Hinh thuc (ngdn ngO, diin dgt, van dung cdc thag tdc lap ludn...) cua cdc dang nghi ludn gidng
nhau. Tuy nhien, yeu cdu vi ndi dung ciia timg kieu bdi cd nhihig diem khdc nhau.
Khi bdn ve mdt van de vdn hgc, ngudi tgg lap vdn bdn phdi ldm ro dugc nhimg dac sdc vi ndi dung, nghe thudt vd nhdn xet, DG ve van bdn. Khi ban vi mdt vdn de xa hdi, ngudi viit phdi thi hien quan diem, chinh kien cua bdn than.
Dua vao hai eg sd tren, chung tdi thiit ki tieu chi DG cho cdc kiiu bdi TM vd nghi ludn vi mdt tu tudng dgo li.
4. Tieu chi danh gia mot so kieu bai 4.1. Tieu chi ddnh gid kiiu bdi thuyet minh (xem bdng I)
Vdn TM dugc chia thdtih nhiiu Ioai: TM ve mpt thir do diing; TM vi mpt the logi vdn hoc; TM ve mpt phucmg phdp (edch ldm); TM vi mpt danh lam, thdng cdnh', TMve mpt tdc gid, tdc phdm.
Dudi day Id tieu chi DG kiiu bdi TM vi tdc gid, tac pham. Tieu chi ndy cd the sir dung cho cd hai kieu bdi TM ve tdc gid tac pham vi yeu cdu ve ngdn ngii vd td chirc ciia hai kieu bdi ndy gidng nhau, chi khac nhau mdt chiit ddi vdi yeu cdu ve ndi dung.
Bdng 1. Tieu chi ddnh gid kieu bdi TM ve tdc gia, tdc phdm
III
T6 chvc (25d)
TIEU CHi
ChCr viet TO rdng, de dge, ddng chinh td (5 d) Sir dyng /«* ngir ddng va hay (5 d) Viet ddng ngii phdp (5 d)
Bo cyc: du 3phan (md bai, than bai, ket bai) (5 6) Trinh bay: lira lodt, mach lac, ngan ggn, thuyet phiic (5 d)
Cac do^n CO sir thong nhdt va phdt trien ve npi dung Moi do^n co the ke mQt sy viec hay mpt chi tiet (7 4)
DIEM DAT T
5 Kh
4 Tb
3 Y
2 K
CpNG Ti/NG PHAN
Y kien trao do! SS 62 nam 2014
No!
dung (60d)
Co SIT lien kit chat che gi&a cdc cau trong dogn va giu'a cdc doan trong bai (3 d)
Van dung hiiu qua cac phuang phap TM (5 d) Mo- bai (5 d): Gidi thieu dugc vdn de ro rdng vd hieu qua (Ddn de, trich dan de, neu luan de) Than bai (50 d):
Gidi thieu ve nam sinh, que qudn, tin that va bdt danh, hodn canh xa hoi (tac gia); thdi gian vd hodn canh sdng tdc (tac phdm) (5 d)
Trinh bay ve qua trinh sdng tdc, tham gia cdc hogt dgng vdn hpc nghe thugt, each mgng (tac gia); di tdi, chu de (tac pham) (10 d)
Trinh bay nhitng tdc pham chinh va net chu dgo irong sdng tdc (tac gia); gid tri npi dung cua tac phim (10 d)
Nhihig dong gop cua tac gia; nhung gid tri vi nghi thugt cua tac pham (10 d)
Moi doan trinh 6av trgn ven mgt npi dung (cdu tao, dac diem, dong gop, gia tri,...) (5 d) Npi dung toan bai dam bao tinh chinh xdc, khdch quan vd tinh he thing (5 d)
Noi dung toan bai thuyit phuc ngudi doc (5 d) Ket bai (5d): Nhan miinh dac sdc cua doi tu0jg TM vai tro, y nghia cua tdc pham doi vdi ngudi doc va sir phat tridn ciia van hgc
longaiem ..../lOO DG chung...
4.2. Tieu ehi ddnh gid kiiu bdi nghi lupn vi mot tw tiedng, dao li Bdng 2. Tieu chi ddnh gid bdi ludn vi mgt tu tudng dgo li
III
T6 chirc (254)
TIEU CHi
Chii vret ro rang, di doc, dung chinh ta (Sd) Sil dung tir nga tiing va hay (Set) Viet diing ngir phdp (5d)
Bo cue 3phan (mo bai, than bai, ket bai) (5d) Trinh bay; luu lodt, much lac, ngan gon, thuyit phuc (5d)
Cac doan co sir thdng nhat va phdt triin vi npi dung (Id) Co s\t lien kit chat che giua cac cau trong doan va giiia ciic togn trong bai (3d)
DIEM DAT (Tir 5 din Idiem) T
5 Kh
4 Tb
3 Y 2
K 1
CONG TtTNG PHAN
Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Mai Bich Huyin va Igk
dung (60d)
V^n dyng co hi?u qua cac thao tdc Igp lugn (phan tich, so sanh, bac bo...) (5d) Md bai (5d):
Gidi thifu duprc van de ro rdng, hiiu qud (Din de, trich din de, neu luin dg)
Than b^i (50d):
•Giai thich CSdV
Giai thich du^c y nghla cua tu tudng dgo li neu trong de bdi
•Chunc minh f20dV
Dua ra dugc cdc lugn diim chinh theo trinh tu hop li (5d)
Lugn diem duoc chimg minh bdng cdc dan chimg phong phu (lOd)
Ddn chung phdi duoc phdn tich de ldm ro ludn diem, tgo su thuyit phuc cao (5d)
*Binh luan f25d):
Nhpn dinh ve y kiin (tu tudng): dung/sai, tStf xdu, hgp li/khong hgp li (5d)
Phdn tich nhung diem dimg (niu co);
bdc bo nhOng diem sai (niu cd) (lOd) Md rpng vdn di (5d)
Rut ra hdi hpc vi nhgn thuc, hdnh dgng phit hgp cho bdn thdn vd cho mpi ngudi (5d) Ket b^i (5d): Tom luge dugc y chinh
Tdng diem ...7100 DG chung:
5. Sv dung tieu chi de phat trien nSng lire t^o lap van ban cho hoc sinh
Viec su dung tieu chi de DG bai l u ^ cua HS CO tac dung phat tridn NL tao lap van ban cho HS vi nhiing nguyen nhan sau:
Tieu chi the hien yeu cau ve NL tgo Igp mgt kiiu vdn bdn: hieu biet ve the logi, NL to chiic bai viet, NL lap luan, hieu yeu cau cua de bai, hieu biet van de mS de b^i yeu cAu, hieu biSt vh doc gia.
Vi th^, tieu chi co the dung cho tdt cd cde logi di bai cua mpt kilu van ban do. Tieu
chi khong dua ra nhiing yeu cau cu the, chi tiet ve noi dung bai viet, no chua khoang khong gian cho sir sang tao cua nguai tao lap van ban. Dieu nay hoan toan khac voi dap an vi dap an khong chii trong yeu cau ve kT nang tao lap van ban ma chi tap trung vao cac yeu cdu chi tiet vi noi dung doi vai mgt de bdi cu the ma nguoi viet phai dap iing. Vi the, dap an CO tinh bo bupc, khuon mau, khong tao CO hpi cho nguoi viet the hien tinh sang tao. Co the vi dap an la ni chan/ca chan Ciia nguoi ra de dupe sii dung de do c6
Y kien trao doi Sd 62 ndm 2014
chan ciia tat ca nguoi viet.
Ve chiic nang su dung: tieu chi dupe .cong b6 trong qua trinh day, la mgt phdn cua tien trinh hge nham giiip HS nam dupe nhung yeu cau doi vol bai viet, qua do, ren kT nang tao lap van ban cho HS. Ca GV va HS d6u co thi su dung tieu chi trong suot tien trinh tao lap van ban. GV dung tieu chi dk huong dh\ va DG bai viet cua HS. HS diing tieu chi de tu DG bai viet ciia minh tii viet nhap, den chinh siia, bien tap va hoan thanh san ph4m. HS ciing co the dung tieu chi de thao luan voi ban ve bai viet ciia ban va ciia ban than. Trong qua trinh nay, HS co CO hpi sii dung cac NL tu duy: phan tich, DG, sieu nhan thiic... HS con co co hpi dpc va DG van ban tii goc dp nguoi dpc.
Nhu vay, viec sii dung tieu chi DG bai luan ciia HS the hien dupe ca hai Ioai DG: DG suot tien trinh hpc (formative assessment) va DG cuoi ki (summative assessment). Co the noi tieu chi vua la
cong cu de huong din HS each tao lap van ban, viia la cong cu de DG tien trinh lln san phdm cu6i cung ciia HS. Trong khi do, dap an chi duac sii dung sau khi HS tao lap xong van ban va chi GV moi CO quyen sii dung.
6. Ket luan
Mpt trong nhung muc tieu ca ban ciia DG la nham giiip HS tien bp. Viec sii dung tieu chi DG se giiip thuc hien dupe muc tieu nay, vi can cii vao tieu chi, HS biet each phai tao lap van ban nhu th8 nao (ve npi dung, hinh thiic), HS tu DG dupe san pham cua minh da/chua dap ling duac yeu cau nao va can phai chinh siia ra sao, qua do, phat trien cac NL tu duy ciia nguai hpc. Co the noi, tieu chi DG the hien quan diem day viet dua tren tien trinh (process-oriented approach) va day dua tren dac diem the loai (genre- oriented approach), dong thai thS hien quan diem day hpc nham phat triln NL cho nguoi hpc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Alan C. Purves (1992), "Testing Literature", Literature Instruction a focus on student response. Edited by Judith A. Langer, National Council of Teachers of English.
Australian Capital Territory Education and Training (2011), "Teacher's Guide to Msessm.enV\http://www.det.act.gov.au/_data/assets/pdfJile/0011/297J82/Teacher5 _GuideJo Assessment_ Web.pdf
Board of Studies New South Wales (2007), English K6 syllabus, http://k6. boardofstudies. nsw. edu. au/files/english/k6_english_syl.pdf
Cordiner M (2011), Guidelines for Good Assessment Practice. University of Tasmania, http.//www. teaching- learning.utas.edu.au/Jata/assets/pdfJile/0004/158674/GAG_vl6_webversion.pdf.
Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Mai Bich Huyin vd igk
5. Council of Chief State School Officers and the National Governors Association (2010). "Common core State Standards for English Arts and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Techical Subjects", http://www. corestandards. org/the-standards.
6. Nguyin Khac Phi (t6ng chu bien) (2008), A''^ vdn 7, tap 1, Nxb Giao due, HaNoi.
7. Fulcher, G. (1996), "Writing m the classroom", Modern English Teacher, 5 (3), 45- 48.
8. Holliway, D. R., McCutchen, D (2004), "Audience perspective in young writers' composing and revising. Reading as Reader", In trong Revision Cognitive and Instructional Processes. Linda AUal., Lucile Chanquoy & Pierre Largy (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers.
9. Jyi-yeon Yi (2009), "Defining Writing ability for Classroom Writing Assessment in High School", Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics 13 (1), 53-59.
10. Kuhs, T. K., Johnson, R. L., Susan A., Diane, M. (2001), "Guides to scoring student work: Checklist and Rubrics", Put to the Test: Tool and Techniques for Classroom Assessment.
11. "Rubrics for Assesssing Student Writing, Listeming, and Speaking Middle School", The Mc Graw-Hill Companies. Inc, http://www.glencoe.com/sec/glencoewriting/MiddleSchoolRubrics_876541.indd.pdf 12. Smith, C, Sadler R., Davies L. GIHE, Griffith University,
http://www.griffith.edu.au/_data/assets/pdfJile/0006/245634/Issues-Paper-on' rubrics.pdf
(Ngdy Tda so^n nh$n dirge bii 29-10-2013: ng^yphin bi$n dinh gii: 15-11-2013;
ngiy chSp nh$n dSng 18-9-2014)
