TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P Tgp chf Khoa hoc sd 24 (02-201?
NHU CAU VI(:C LAM CUA PHV NlT YEU THE 6 THANH PHO LONG XUYEN, TINH AN GIANG HIEN NAY
• Phan Thai Bich Thijyn T 6 M T A T
Nghiin cuu nham muc dich xdc dinh nhiing mong muSn, ddi hdi dka phu n&yeu thi Men nay Mi v&i viec ldm, qua dd, cung cdp ca sd khoa hgc cho viec hogch dinh chinh sdch ddo tgo nghi vd gidi quyit viic lam cho nhdm yiu thi S6 liiu cua nghiin cuu duac thu thdp tie 384 phu nii yiu thi trong dp tudi lao ddng hiin dang sinh sdng tgi thdnh pho Long Xuyen. Cdc phuang phdp kiem dink Cronbachi Alpha, phdn tich nhdn td, thdng ke md td vd kiim dinh ANOVA duac sie dung trong nghien cieu. Kit quti cho th^phu nHyiu thi quan tdm din nhu cdu di ton tgi thdng qua cdng viec han la nhu cdu Mphat triin Trong do, nhu cdu uu tien Id nhu cdu cd duac mdt cdng viic on dinh
Tiekhod: nhu cdu viec ldm, phu nHyiu thi, thdnh phS Long Xuyin.
tiianh pfao Long Xuyen va 40 mau pfaong van sau (bao gom: phong van sau 30 phy nuyeu the va 10 can bo i^a phuong). Mau dinb Iugng dugc chpn theo cdng tiiuc ciia Slovin (1960) dya tten tong thi Id 10.312phuniiylu1fae tfaugc 5 nfaom: khityett^t.
1. B^t van de
Dao tgo ngJie va gjSi quy It viec lam eho ngudi y i u tfal Id mot trong nfaung van de tfaen chot ttong diien lugc phat tiiln kinh t l xa hpi hudng tdi an sinfa viee Idm cda nudc ta faifn nay. Thong qua Lugt Lao dgng, Lu^t Viec lain, Lugt Giac dye ngfae nghiep, Luat Ngudi khitylt tat, Ludt Binfa dang gidi vd faang logt cac chuong triitii nhu: Chuong trinfa rayc tieu quoe gja v l xoa doi gjdmn^eo, De an ddo tgo nghi cho lao dgng n6ng th6n den ndra 2020...
\^et Nara ^ till hi§n sy quan tam vdi nhimg nhom yeu the ttong xa hoi va cara kit vdi thi gidi ve ifauc hi?n ede chinfa sdeh d l thuc day viec Idra, t ^ viec
di eu, nhiem HTV/AIDS, nan nfaan bgo lyc gia i£nh vd hg ngheo. Mau pfaan bo tten 4 dia ban co dong phu nu yeu the cu tru, bao gom: phudng My Phuoc va pfaudng Binfa Kfadnfa (kfau vyc ngi 6), phuong My Thgnh vd phudng My Hda (kfau vyc ngoai 6), Cdc c ^ do cda nfau cau vi$e lam dugc danh gia qua tiiang Likeri 5 diem. Cdc pfauong phap phan tich dii lieu tu pheb raem SPSS 15.0 dugc sir dyng Iam ben viing, dae bi$t eho cac nhom y i u thi, giup frong nghien cuu bao g i m : thong ke m6 ta (tan fag sdra boa rihap xa hgi. Mac du, Cfainh phu da tao suat va so trung bmh), kiim dinh Chi-binh phuong ra eo sd pfaap ly vung efaac nhung ttong thye tiln (Chi-Square), kilra dinh trj tnmg binh cuahai mh trien khai ehinh sdch viee lam efao ngudi yeu tfal phoi hgp tung cap (Paired-Samples T-test), danh hien nay Igi dang ggp phdi nhieu kfao kfaan, ddn
den hieu qud chua dat dugc nfau raong dgi. Thye ttgng ddo tgo nghi va giai quyit viec lara d nudc ta hien nay cho thiy rdng phy nu yeu the dudng nhu ggp kho khan hon nam gidi ttong viec tilp
gid dg tin cay cdajhang do (kiim dinh Cronbach's Alpha), phan ticfa nfaan to khara pha (EFA) vaphan tich phuong sai (ANOVA).
2. Cac khai niem
Nfaom y i u tfae/tfai^t thdi (disadvantaged cgn vi?c Idm. Dilu nay xuat phat tu nfailu nguyen group) hay nfaieu noi dugc ggi la nfaom de bj ton nfaSn. MOt ttong nhiing nguyen nfaan dugc chi ra thuong (vulnerable group) dugc su dyng rat pho la viec hogch ^ n h cfarah saeh hien n ^ chua gan biln ttong cdc van kien p h ^ ly quoc ti va trong vdi nhu cau cua nhom lao dgng nii yeu the. Vi vgy. hogt dgng ngfaien cuu, Ifauc tien ve qityln con nguoi danh gid nhu eau viec lam ciia phu nii yeu till lam ti:en tfal gidi. Mac du cfaua co dinfa nghia chung CO sd cho viec xay dyng eae chinfa sach viee Iam chinh thuc v l nhdm y i u tfal, tity nhien, eo till hieu danfa cho Iao dong nu yeu till la viee Iam can thiet. nhdm yiu thi Id nhdm xd hdi dgc biet, cd hodn cAA Ket qud n ^ e n cuu dugc tiiu tiiap tu 3 84 phieu ^ ^ khdn han, cd vi the xd hdi thdp ldm hon so vdi khdo sat nhu clu viee Iam eua phu nu yeu Ifae d "^^^ "kdm xd hdi "binh thu&ng " cd dgc diim /wowg
tu. Hg gap phdi kdng logt thdch thiec, ngdn can khd ndng hoa nhdp cua hg vdo ddi song cgng d6n$
[9]. Nfaom y i u tfal bao gom nfaung ngudi an xin, '"' Tmong Dai hpc An Giang
T R U O N G D A I HOC DONG T H A P Tgp chi Khoa hoc sd 24 (02-2017) ngudi tan tat, ngudi ngheo, tu nhan, gdi mai dam,
ngudi that ngfaiep, ngudi lang thang co nho, ngudi di cu, ngudi bj bao lyc gia dinh, nan nhan budn ban ngudi, ngudi bi dnh hudng bdi HIV/AIDS, ngudi dan tOc... Trong cac nfaom yeu tiie, nu gidi bao gid cung dugc xem la yeu the hom so vdi nam gidi vi dl bi phdn bi$t doi xu hon va chiu nfaieu ^ n tiiuong kep. Trong bai viet nay, cfaiing tfii gidi faan ngfaien eini pfay nir yeu tfal ttong dg tuoi lao dgng (15 den 55 tuoi) d kfau vyc ifaanfa tfai; do do, cfai xem xet 05 nfaom phy nii, bao gom: pfau nu kfaitylt tgt, pfay nu thupc hg ngheo, phy nii di eu, pfau nu nfaiem HIV/
AIDS va pfau nii Id nan nfaan cua bao Iuc gia dinh.
Da so pfau nii yeu tfae d tfaanfa pfal Long XitySn hien nay co trinh do hoe van tfa^ (tu tilu faoc ttd xuing - 59,8%) va khdng cd chuyen mdn gi i ^ g kl. Rat it ttong sd hg dugc ddo tgo nghe nhung chi la cac ldp ngdn hgn (3 thang) va h i u nhu chi lam nhiing cong viec gidn don, Iao dong chan tay vd tiieo thdi vu. Co den 32,5% phy nii yeu t h i trong tinh ttang tiiat nghiep cfao din tiidi £ e m kfado sat.
Do do, tilp cgn vi$c lam la ragt khg khan ldn doi vdi phu nu yeu the.
Tim hieu nfau clu vi^c lam eiia phy nu yeu the
la tim hiiu nhung mong mudn, ddi hdi co dugfc viic ldm phil kgp cd nkdn nhdm giup phu na yiu thi hoa nhgp xa hgi vd cd ca hdi pkdt trien bdn ihdn.
Nhu cau viec Iam dugc danfa gia dya tten thang nfau cau 5 bac cua Maslow dugc cy till hda Ifaanh 19 biln quan sat thdnh pfain gdn vdi dgc trung cua nfaiing yeu eau cua ngudi lao dgng doi vdi cong viec dugc ey the facabdi Truong Afinh Due (2011) [3], ding tildi, cd sy tbam khdo tu cac ngfaien cuu CO lien quan ve vi?c Iam cua ngudi khuyet tat [8], ngudi khiem thinh [7], ngudi song chung vdi HIV vd ngudi sau eai nghien [4], phy nu bi buon ban ttd v l [2], ngudi nhap cu [6],...
3. Kiem dinfa tiiang do
Thang do dugc danfa gid so bg qua hai cong cu chinh lahe so tin cgy Cronbach's Alpha vd pfauong pfadp phan ticfa nfaan td kham pha (EFA). Ket qua kilra tra dg tin cgy Crcnbach's Alpfaa eho thay thang do nfau cau vi?c ldm cd dg tin c ^ cao vdi fae so Cronbacfa'sAlphatong la 0,95. Tity nhien, ttong so 19 biln tiidnfa phan, cac bien SHI, XH3, TT4 va TH3 CO gia tri Cronbacfa's Alpfaa Idn so h? so Cronbacfa's Alpfaa tong nen bi logi. Do do, n ^ e n cuu chi chap nfagn 15 bien ttong phan tich.
Bdng 1. Kit qua ddnh gid do tin c^y cua thang do nhu c ^ vi£c lam cua phu nu yiu thi Nhu c4u vi£c Ifun
Nhu c^u sinh h9C cff ban (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,842) SHl-Mong mudn Sugc tra luang dn dfnh
SH2-Mong muon cong viec CO nhiing kbo^ tn; cap, ptitic loi va b ^ Mem xa hpi SH3-Mong muon noi lam vice du^ tiang bi CO s6 vat chat, trang thiet b) phil hqp SH4-Mong mudn diroc b6 tii tlioi gian lam vice, ngbi ngoi hgrp ly SH5-Mong muon co vi^c lam gan nba
Nhu c ^ an t o ^ (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,865)
ATI-Mong muon co vi§c 1 ^ an toan ebo siic kh6e va tinb mang Ar2-Mong mu6n mot cong vice kbdng co dp l\ic tinb than An-Mong muon co cong vide 6n dinh
Ar4-Mong muon du^c budng cic che dd nghi, benb, thai sto, bien c6 gia dinh Nhu cJu l a hoi (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,895)
XHl-Mong muon ^QC gan ket trong tgp tbe XH2-Moiig muon lanh dao, quto ly thto thien XH3-Mong mu6n khdch hang tin nhiim, khdng ky [hi Nhu cau duvc tdn trong (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,861) TTl-Mong mu6n co dia vi cao
Tuong quan bien tong
0,493 0,631 0,733 0,732 0,676 0,750 0,715 0,666 0,731 0,813 0,836 0,744 0,633
Hf so Cronbach's Alpha neu loai
bi^n nay 0,852 0,815 0,791 0,787 0,802 0,814 0,828 0.849 0.821 0,838 0,816 0,902 0,856
65
TRUCJNG D4I HQC DONG THAP Tap cht Khoa hpc sS 24 (O2-2017I 1T2-Mong mu6n dugc dong nghiep tdn trong
TT3-Mong muon Itoh dao quan ttoi, khicb Ie
TT4-Mong mudn dugrc ddnh gid ditng vS ndng luc bdn thdn Nhu cAu tu thi hi^n (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,858) THl-Mong muon cd co bgi hoc tap va dao tgo
TH2-Mong muon co co hdi tbang tien, lap thtoh tich tiung cong vigc TH3'Mong mudn cd cdng viSc cd thi Igo cho bdn thdn sic thich Ihii
0,850 0,777 0.635 0,784 0,780 0.640
M70 0.793 0.868 0,749 0,760 0,887 i De nhom ggn cac bien quan sat ban dau thanh
nhung nhan to moi co y nghia, d6ng thoi phat hien cau true tiem an giua cac nhan to ban dau theo du Ii?u thuc te nham hinh thanh nhiing nhati to moi co y nghia sat voi Ihirc t^ nghien ciiu, phuang phap phan tich nhan to (EFA) da dupc thuc hien tiep theo. Ket qua phan tich nhan to kham pha voi cac kiem &ih dugrc dam bao nhu sau: (1) Dp tin cay cua cac bien quan sat (Factor loading > 0,5); (2) Kiim dinh tinh thich hpp cua mo hinh (0,5 < l a i O = 0,941 < 1);
(3) Kiem dinh Bartiett ve tuong quan cua cac biln quan sat (Sig = 0,000 < 0,005); (4) Kiem dinh phuong sai cpng don = 68,999% > 50%). Cac biln quan sat deu co h$ s6 tai Ion hon 0,5 nen dlu dupc gift Iji. Qua kit qua phan tich nhan to, co 2 nhan to mod dupc hinh thanh la F l va F2. Cu the, nhan to FI gom 8 bien tuong quan chat che voi nhau la- AT3, ATI, SH4, AT4, SH5, SH2, AT2. SH3. Nhan to Fl CO dac dilm chung v l su dbi h6i thoa man cac nhu can dl ton tai nen duoc djt ten la "nhu cau ton tai" (TT). Nhan to F2 gom 7 bien quan sat tiiong quan chat che voi nhau: TT2, TIE, TTI. TT3. THI.
XHl, XH2. Nhin to F2 co djc dilm chung v l sii
doi hdi thda man cac nhu cau ^ phat trien nen dupc
^ t ten la "nhu cau phat trien" (PT), B ^ g 2. Ket qud phSn tich nhdn to khtoi phd Biln quan sal
AT3 ATI SH4 AT4 SH5 SH2 AT2 SH3 TT2 TH2 TTI TT3 THI XHl XIC
Ma t r ^ xoay nhau to | F l
0.799 0,798 0,787 0,759 0,737 0,725 0,718 0,694
0.519
r2
0.872 0,835 0,830 0,804 0,723 0.630 0,626 Nhu vay. ta ti6 mo hinh nghiSn cmi dupc lii^u chinh nhu sau:
N h u c j u v i ^ c l a m cua phv n S y^u thg* (NC) Nha c^u tdn t^i (TT)
T
TTl-Mong mufl'n c6 cong vi6c on dinh Tr2-Mong muon cfi viSc lim an loiln cho stfc khfie vi linh mang
TT3-Mong muon dtfdc b^ tri thfli gian ISm vi^c nghi ngdi hdp IJ
•m-Mong mufln dtfdc htfdng chfi" d6 ngU, bSnh, thai sSn bien c6 gia dbih
TT5-Mong mu^n co vi$c ISm gin nh^
TT6-Mong rau^n c6ng viec c6 nhiing khoan Ird cJfp phuc liji va bio hiem xa hpi
T^-Mong mufln mot c6ng viSc khdng c6 Sp l^c tinh th^n TTS^Mong muon ndi lam vi$c dtfdc bi cd sfl vSt cha't irang thigi bj phil bdp
Nhu clu phfit trifo (PT)
T
PTI-Mong muSii dtf^lc flong nghidp i3n trpng PT2-Mong mufl^n c6 cd h^ii thang ti^n, lip th&nh tfch trong c6ng vi§c PT3-Mong muQ'n c6 dia vj cao PT4-Mong muffn ISnh &%o quan tSm, khich If PT5-Mong mufin c6 cd h^i hoc tSp vJ dio lao PT6-Mong muon dtf^c gSn kfit trong t§p th^
PT7-Mong mufin lanh dao, qu3n 1^ tfaSn thi^u
Hinh 1. Mo hinh nghifin cihi hi^u chinh 6 6
TRUCJNG DAI HQC B 6 N G THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc so 24 (02-2017) 4. B a n h gia nhu cau vi^c lam cua phu nir
yeu the
Ket qud tiiong ke m5 ta cho thay phu nu yeu tiie CO nhu ciiu doi voi vi^c lam va nhu cau n ^ 6 bSc tiiip (gii tri trung binh dai di?n = 1,56). Theo ly t h i ^ ^ ve nhu cau, chi khi nao nhu cau bac thap duoc ihoa man moi n ^ sinh itiiu cau b | c cao. Dieu nay cho thjQ' doi voi nhu cau bac thap - nhu cau co ban nhat doi voi mot cong vi?c, ph\i nii yeu the tiianh pho Long Xuy&a hien nay van chua dugc d ^ iing.
Thuc te da khang dinh di^u nay khi ma khao sat cho tii^ 79,6% phu nu y^u the hi^n van chua co ngh^
nghiSp on dirfi, ho tiiam gia lao dpngti^ do voi nhiing cong vi^c gian don k h a b ^ benh, 74% nguoi c6 tiiu n h ^ tii^ (tir 3 tri?u/fliang tro xuong) va hau nhu khong dugc huong cac che dp Iao dpng. Co nhieu nguy&i nhan tac dpng khien cho nhu cau viec lam cua ph\i nii yeu the trong thanh pho chi dimg 1^ a nhu cau b | c t h ^ . Mpt trong nhung ngt^en nhan co b a n l | van de trinh do, nang l\rc. Thuc te kiem dinh ANOVA da khang dinh rSng nhu cau viec lam cua phv nu yeu Ihe co moi lien he voi trinh dp hpc van.
Theo do, phu nii yeu the c6 trinh dp hoc van cang cao tili nhu cau viec lam cang tang dan o miic dp cao hon. Do v$y, voi thuc te 59,8% phu nir tot nghidp Ti^u hpc tro xu6ng va 3 1 % phy nu chi ^ t nghiep trung hpc co so tiii ph\i nii yeu the chi d|t ra nhung yen cau rat t h ^ doi voi cong vi?c cung la &ea di hieu boi vi nhung cong vi?c tot luon doi hoi trmh dp hpc van, t ^ n ^ e nhat ^nh. Dac bi$t la trong boi canh tiianh pho Long Xuy en dang CO sy: tang trudng manh me ve kinh te thi sir cgnh tranh trong thi truong lao dong la khong the tranh khoi.
Hdp thfing t i n i
"Em Idiong mong mii6ii gi hem Em chi can mpt cong vile dll cho em trai^ trai cupc song la vui r6i" (Phoi^ van saa so 24,28 tuoi, phu nft ngheo, phucmg My Hoa, fhanh pho LongXuygn)
"Mnh bi khi^m khuyet, khong blng ai thi co mong gi mot cong viec nhu nguoi ta. Cin iam mot cong viec CO thu nhip dli s6ng la dagc, voi lai phii h<7p voi sue khde di minh c6 thi lam M i ^ ngay" (Phdng van sau so 13,33 tuoi, phu nfl khuydt t$t, phuong My Phudc, thdnh pho Long Xuyen)
" i M y nguoi ta lam ky su, bac sT, luong bong dlu deu, mfaih ctli^ ham ^ nhung nghi phgn minh hpc khong toi dau, ganh g6ng ca gia dinh xuoi^ Long XuySn cfing chi de bem com ngay ba bfta thi cong viSe gi cung d u ^ , mien M co thu nhap h ^ g ngay, khong SQ chet doi" (Ph6i^ van sau so 19,35 tuoi.phynQ' di cu, phuimg MJ Hoa, thanh ph6 Long Xii^Sn)
tiiam gja vao cac lop dao tao nghe do phai danh thoi gian cho cupc muu sinh hdng ngay. Dieunay khien cho viec tim ki^m vi$c lam ngay cang trcr nSn kho khan hon do trmh dp hpc van va tay ngh^ khong du dap img yeu cau cua nha tuyen dyng. Do do, hau nhu nhu cau thap rtiiat - nhu cau co dupc mpt cfing viec on dinh, co thu n h ^ ciing da Ik ^ e u kho d^t dupc. Hon niia, nghiSn cuu cung ciio tiiay phu nu khityet tat, phy nii nhiSm HIV/AIDS van dang doi mat voi su ky tiii cua cpng dong. Dieu n ^ la mot rao can lon de hp ti^p can duoc viec lam. Chinh vi vay, nhung chinh sach viec lam cua thanh pho can phai t£^ trung giai quyet itiiu can b | c ihap - nhu cau truac mat la co dupc viec 1 ^ phii hgp va dam b ^ ve site khoe, hpc van, tam ly va sy ky thi.
^ Hop thfing tin 2
"Do trinh dp hpe vin c4a phu nft yeu thi flilp, neu cac doanh nghiq) co thu hp vdo lam flil Idia n9ng tilp thu c3ng viee cila hp khong dugc cao, phuong phap dao tgo nghi d6i vol phu nfl yiu thi ch^ yiu la cam tay chi viec do nhan thuc Clia nguoi boc nghS chua cao" (Phong vin sSu sl 38, nam, 42 tuoi, cdn bO phutmg M? Thanh).
"Phu nft yiu thi d thdnh phi hi?n nay chil yiu cflng chi muon m6t cong viec on djnh nhung nhiiu khi kh6 khfin qud.
Nhieu chuong trinh day nghi co triin Idiai eho hp, fh^m chi cho tien nhung cflng it ngiroi chiu di hpc do hang ngdy phdi buon gdnh ban bung, nghi mot ngdy la coi nhu khong co tiln an" (Ph6ng van sau sl 36, nft, 36 taoi, can bo phuong ^ H6a),
Phu nu yeu tiie duong nhu chua tiep can tot voi cac chinh sach vi^c lam cfia thanh pfao. Hp it
So sanh giiia faai nhom nhu cau thi ta thay ro rang, phu nCr yeu th^ co rtiiu cau ton t?ii (tri trung binh = 1,73, muc dp tnmg binh) cao hon so vcri nhu cau phat trien thong qua cong vi^c (tri trung binh = 1,40, miic dp thap). Nhu vay, nhu cau doi hoi truoc tien cua phu nii yeu the doi voi cong viec hi$n nay la mong muon duoc nang cao doi song va dieu ki§n Iam viec ciia ho con nhu cau de hoa nhap xa hpi va phat trien ban than thi lai khong quan trpng. Sy quan tam ciia phy nii yeu the hien nay la mpt cong viec don gian dii de dem 1^ thu nhap nuoi song gia dinh va an toan cho ban than chii khong dam ky vpng vao mpt cong vi$c t6t voi nfaiing co hpi d^ phat trien.
Xet 6 itiiom nhu ciiu de ton t&i, ta tfaay mong muon CO cong viec on ^rtii la nfau can cao nhat TTI (tri trung binh = 1,98) trong khi nhu cau dupc tiang bi CO so v | t chat, trang tiiiet bi phii hop TTS la rtiiu cau tfaap nhat (tri trung binh = 1,53). Co the noi, doi voi phy nu yeu the, viec co dupc mpt cong vi$c on djnfa de duy tri cuoc song la rtiiu cau uu tien nhat.
Dieu nay ciing dupc khang dinh qua kit qua thu
T R U O N G DAI H O C DONG THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc so 24 (02-2017) duoc tii phong van sau can bp ^ a phuong: "Trong
nhiing nhu cau vi$c 1 k n ciia phy nii yen tiie, nhu cau quan trong itiiSt lanhu cau co vi?c lam va thu nhap on ^ n h " (Phong v ^ sau so 35, nam, 43 tu6i, can bp phudng Binh Diic); "Nhu cau lon nhat la phy nii muon CO cong vi^c lam on &ih" (Phong van sau so 31, nu, 31 tuoi, can bp phucmg Binh Khanh). Trong khi do, xet 6 nhom nhu cau de phat trien, nghiSn ciiu nhm tiiay nhu can hoc t ^ va dao tao la itiiu cau cao nhat PTS (tri trung binh =1,52) trong khi nhu cau thap nhat la nhu cau mong muon co dia vi caoPT3 (tti trungbinh= 1,22). Dieunay phan anh nhiing mong muon ciia phu nu yeu the doi voi viec nang cao trinh dp tay nghe, cbiQ'en mon cua ban than, gSn m | t thiet vdd nhu cau cd duoc m0t cong viec mang lai thu n h ^ on dinh.
Bang 3. Nhu cau vi£c Iam cda phii aa yiu the thknh pho Long Xuyen th^ hi|n qua IS thinh to Bien
so
rr
TTI Tie TTS TI2 Tn
TT3 Tr4 ITS FT PTS PT4 K G PTl PT6 FT?
P I 3
Noidung Nhu cau de ton t9i Mong muon co cong viec on djnh Mong muon co nhflng khoan In? cap, phtic lgi va iAo iuem xS hoi Mong muon c6 v i ^ lam gan nha Mong muon c6 viec lam an toan cho silc klioe va tinh m^uig Mong mu6n c&ng v i ^ khong co ap luc tinh thin
Mong muon dugc bo tri thai gian lam viec, nghi ngoi phii hgp Mong muon dugc hudng cac che do nghi, b^nh, thai san, bien co gia dinh Mong muon noi lam viec dugc trang In CO so vat chdt. trang thiet bi phii hop Nhu can d^ phat triin
Mong muon c6 co hoi hoc tap va dao tao Mong muDn lanh dao quan tam, khich 1?
Mong muon dugc thang hen, lap thanh tich trong cong viSc
Mong muon dmjc dong nghiep ton hgng Mong muon dugc g§n ket trong t?ip the Mong muon lanh dao, quan ly tli3n thign Mong muon c6 dia vi cao
Tri trung binh 1,73 1,98 1,84 1,79 1,74 1,68 1,65 1,62 1,53 1,40 1,52 1,46 1,43 1,38 1,38 1,37 1,22 Dartii gia nhu cau viec iam cua phu nii yeu tfae voi sy xep hang thang bac cac nhu cau cho thay r5ng doi voi phy nu yen tiie, sy mong muon co duac mot viec lam on dinh, dugc huong nhiing che do
^ ngo va bao dam an toan dii de hp duy tri cong viec nuoi song ban than va gia diitii la uu tien nfalt Do la nhu cau het siic thi^t tiiyc, phu hop voi tiiire te dieu ki$n (timh dp hpc van, tay nghe, sue khoCj moi quan h?, von...) va tinh frang vipc Iam c^ahg trong thyc t^ (tiiieu on ^ n h , khong dugc huong cac che dp daiih cho nguoi lao dpng...). TSm ly ty ti, m^c cam ban than da. gioi h ^ nhu cau cua ho ^ i v6i viec lam. Dac bi$t, co rat it phy nii yeu the nghT rang ban tiian hp se dupc phat trien trong chinh cong viec cua ho, tham chi la nhung phyB%
fr6 tuoi. Nhiing ket qua nay r^t pfau hpp voi ph4 lii?n cua Quach Thi H6ng (2010) "Phu nii n h ^ cu CO nhu cau co cong vi?c on dinh lau dai la chii yeu va Idiong co nhu cau tiiang tien trong cong vi^c" [6]
hay nhu ket qua c ^ Nguygn Thi Thu Hoai (2013)
"Trong cac nhu ciiu ho frp vi$c lam cua phu nii khiQfet t§t noi len 2 itiiu cau lon lahoc nghe va gioi thieu/tao vi$clam" [5];... 0 mpt Idiiac^nh khac, dieu nay se t ^ ra tam ly an phan, it co sy phin datl frong nghe nghiep cua nhung phy nii yeu the trong thanh ph6, dan den vong lan quan cua tiiieu viec Iam va ngheo doi.
H $ p t h 6 n g t i n 3
"Thudng thi nhftng ph\i fift y^u th^ se co nhftng n ^ cam vd tinh thin khdng ducrc &odi mdi nen £ lam m$t flicd gian ho cflng nghi" (Phdng van sau s6 32, nft, 34 tuoi, can bo phuong My Phuoc).
"Vin con bi phan bi§t d6i xft, ky thj x5 hgi, site khoe kem tnmg cong viec, c6n bj tiuet thoi ve gia lao dpng din;fc H Oiap hon n£n phu nft yeu the nhieu Idii cfing khong tiv ^W^
Irong c6ng v i ^ " (Phong van sau so 37, nam, 39 tuoi, cdn bO phuong t . ^ Thanh).
" N h i ^ chi em gia dinh ngheo T^tiiTng phai d nhd lo noi tro va cl^m soc eon nh6 cho chong di lam nen ciing chi muon nlidn cong vi?c v6 nha d^ Hng thu nh&p lo cho gia (Hnh M khong muSn di lam" (Phoi^ v ^ sau s6 39, nft, 33 tuoi, can bO Hoi ph\i nft thdnh pho).
Do nhu cau viec lam 1 h ^ va khong co y dinh phat trien frong su nghi?p nen co tiie noi, cac cong vi?c mong muon cua phy nuy^u th^ hien nay phan lon ciing chi la nhiing cong viec Iao dong gian don, kfaong doi hoi trinh do nhu may gia cong, giup vi?c gia ffinh, buon ban d ^ v a t y minh kinh doanh (bk thiic an, lam toe, lam mong ch§n tay (nail)..)- Co rat it phy nu yeu th^ ciia thanh pho mong muon lam itiian vien cho cac co quan/cong ty/ciia hanfi^
Do do, chinh sach vi§c lam ciia thanh pho can t^
trung vao hai khia cgnh: cung c ^ 1^ nang n^e nghiep gSn tryc tiep voi gioi thi?u viec Iam (may
TRUdNG DAI HQC E ) 6 N G THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc s6 24 (02-2017) gia cong, lam ^ c , giiq) viec gia dinh) va cho v ^
von uu dai (buon ban). Trong do, ngaitii lao dpng can quan tSm md cac lop may gia cong cho doi tupng phu nu yeu the vi day la nhu cau lon nhat, phu hop voi da so phy nii yeu the.
Bang 4. Cdng v i ^ mong mnSn cua phii DU yeu the srr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a»^ i.
Mof,
11
Cong viec mong muon Nhan vign cor quan nha mioc
>lhan vien cong ty, xi ngbiep NhSn vien c i ^ hang lanh doanti, dichvu
Buon ban dao le dtifmg Bu6n ban nho tm nha Lam nong May gia cong LSmt6c
Massage ^ V,- IG&P viec giadmh ";'•'••
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6,6 6,6 2,2 14,3 12,1 1.1 30,8 5,5 ' .1.1
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*"'' Nghien ciiu ciing cho tiiay rang phu nii nhiem HIV/AIDS muon g i ^ viec cho cac gia dinh nhieu nhat, tity nhien, day se la mot Idio khan vi lien quan den van de 1^ tiii. Trong khi do, phy nu bi bao lyc gia dinh muon lam cho cong ty/xi nghiep de nSng cao vai fro, vi tri ciia ban than; do ciing la mpt giSi phap de han che tinh frgng bgo lyc gia ffinh. So voi cac nhom phy nii yeu the khac Ihi nhom nay CO nhieu lpi the hon d^ tiep can voi yeu cau viec lam ciia cac c6ng ty/xi nghiep xet 6 khia canh trinh do va sy phan bi?t doi xu. Doi voi nhom phy nii khuyet tat, mong muon lon nhat ciia hp la dupc buon ban tgi nha do van de sue khoe va sy ky tin.
D ^ la mong muon hop ly, ffieu quan frgng la phai cung cap cho hp nguon von nho de khdi nghiep.
Rieng doi voi nhom phu nii ngheo va phy nii ffi cu, nhu cau dirpc may gia cong tgi nha la nhu cau uu tien nhat. Vi vay, frong chinh sach viec lam chung, can t ^ trung vao viec giai qi^et nhu cau nay. Can lim y r§ng, dao tao nghe may gia c6ng cho phu nii yeu the can dupc trien khai theo hai huong, mpt la gan vdi nhu cau ciia doanh nghidp tgi d&a phuong de tgo ra viec lam tgi ch6, hai la tim dau ra cho san pham de d ^ ung nhu cau lam viec tai nha.
5. Ket lu^in va khuyen nghi 5.1. Ket luan
Quan tam nhu cau viec lam va giai qi^et viec
lam cho nhiing nhom doi tupng y^u the frong xa hpi, dac bipt la phy nu y ^u the la itiiipm vu thuong xuyen, !au dai doi vdi cong tac quan ly do thi bdi vi vipc lam la nen t ^ g can ban cho su phat trien, g i ^ doi ngheo va tinh d^ bi ton thuong. 0 cac thanh pho noi chung va thanh pho Long Xityen noi rieng, nhu cau viec lam cila phu nu: yeu the van chua dupc quan tam sau sac. H$ qui la, ho gan nhu thipt tiidi hon so vdi nam gjdi frong vi?c tiep can vipc lam.
Ket qua k h ^ sat da khang $nh:
- Phy nir yeu the mong muon mot cong vi^c de giup ho ton tgi (nhu can bSc t h ^ ) hon la co the phat trial ban tiian (nhu cau bac cao). Trong dd, nhu cau uu tien la itiiu cau cd dupc mot cong viec on ffinh.
- Mec lam mong mu6n nhat cua phy nii yeu the d thartii pho Long Xi^en faipn n ^ la m ^ cong nghiep, ke den la lao dong giiip vipc gia dinh, bu6n ban dgo va buon ban itiid tai nha. Trong khi nhiing phu nu nhiem HIV/AIDS mong muon dupc g i i ^ viec cho cac gia dinh nhieu nhat thi nhung phu nii khuyet t | t hka nhu dii muon dupc h5 frp vjty von de budn ban tgi nha. Nhiing phy nu ngheo, phy nu di cu mong muon dugc dao tgo oghe va co the nhgn may gia cdng tai nha frong khi phan ldn phy nii bi bao Iyc gia ffinh muon dupc tim vi$c tai cac cong ty, xi nghiep.
5.2. Khuyen nghi
De giiip phy nu yeu the cd duoc vi§c lam phu hpp vdi nfau cau cua hp, m^t so khuyen nghi ve chinh sach dupc dgt ra Ia"
Ddi vai S&Lao ddng, Thuang binh vdXd hdi tinh An Giang
Cd chinh sach dao tao nghe va giai quyet vi^c lam cho phu nii yen the thdng qua vipc dao tao n ^ ^ gSn vdi viec lam, tim nguon ra san pham, ho frp von vay uu dai, gidi thieu viec lam. Dac biet chu frpng hd frp von vay de phu nii yen the ty kinh doanh nhd do kho khan tiSp can cdng viec hydng luong.
Chi dgo Trung tam gidi thieu viec Iam md cac ldp dgy ng^e dgc thu tiieo nhu cau phy nii yeu the fren CO sd ket qua khao sat nhu cau trudc khi md ldp; dong thdi, cung cap dich vu vi?c lam thirdng yxsyen danfa cho doi tuong phu nii y^u tiie
Doi v&i Phong Lao ddng, Thuang binh vd Xd hdi thankpkd LongXuyen
Cac ldp dgy nghe cua thanh pho can chu trong dao tao cac ky nang sau: may cdng nghiep, ky nang giup viec gia ffinh, kien tinic kinh doanh ca tiie, tim 6 9
TRPflNG BAI HOC SONG TgAp Tap chi Khoa hpc s g 24 (02-201^
Idem nguon hang, kk noi dau vao diiu ra phuc vu phuong, thanh Up cau lac bp liinh doanh, san xuat buon ban tit do. (3 khia canh viec lam, can Hen kit theo nganh nghe, tuyen truyen xoa bo mac cam tam cacdoanhnghieptfaphuongdegioi thieuvilclam ly, keu gpi cong doan xay dvmg cac chuong trinli tai ch6 cho phu nii bi bao luc gia dmh; tim dau ra nang cao nang luc cho phy nii yeu t h i tai cong sa, cho san pham may cong nghiep cua phu nii ngheo, van dpng thanh ISp moi va phat huy vai trp ci5a cac phu nii di cu; gioi thieu vi$c lam giup viec gia dmh tc chuc Hpi dac thta de tang kha nang dap ling nhu cho phu ntt nhiem HTV/AIDS va h5 tro von vay cau viec lam chp phu nu y i u t h i
khoi nghiep cho phu ntt khuyet tat Boi vai phu nit yiu thi
cha lhanh lap Quy viec lam danh cho phy ntt Can xac dinh ro nhu cau viec Iam cua minii yen the de sii dung cho hoat dong dao tao nghe va tren ca so can nhSc v l trinh dp hpc van, tay nglie.
giai quyet viec lam cho nhom doi tupng nay. Quy hoan canh gia dinh de co huong hpc nghe, tim kiem nay co muc tieu la dao tao nghe va g i ^ qiiyet viec viec lam va su dyng nguon von ho trp (neu co) mot lam dap ung nhu cau viec lam ciia cac nhom phu each phu hpp. Tren co so nhu cau ca nhan, phy nfi nuyeu the Clia thanh pho, i ^ b i e t l a h o trp von vay yeu the can de xuat voi chinh quyen, Hpi phy nil i m ^ d e giupphunttyeuthe sanxuat, kinh doanh. dia phuang de md cac lop day nghe va giai quyet
Ddi vai Hoi Lien hiep phu nu thdnh pho viec lam phii hpp voi nhu cau.
LongXuyen Chii dpng tiep can voi cac co so gioi thieu viec Nam bat nhu cau viec lam ciia phu ntt yeu the lam, cac to chiic Hpi dac thu, cac kenh tuyen dungde tai dia phucmg mpt each ihuong xuyen de kip thoi tang khd nang tim kiem viec lam phu hpp nhu cau;
ho trp, van dpng den lop hoc nghe, dong vai tro dong thoi, can co gang khac phyc nhiing mac cam dau moi ket noi phu ntt yeu the va doanh nghiip dia tam ly ciia ban than de vuon len trong cong viec./.
TM li|u tham khio
II]. BO Lao dong - Thmmg binh va Xa hOi (2013),"Nhiing phit hien chlnh tii bdo cdo qu6c gia: An sinh xa Iigi cho phu nir va tre em gai d Viet Nam", htlp://www.unwomen.oig/~/media'field%20office%20eseasia/docs/publica- tions/2014/4/unw_shDrfieport_vietnam_final„2.ashx?v=l&d=20141202T120254.
2]. Mai Ngoc Diep (2008), Thuc trgng tdi hda nhdp cdng ddng cHaphi^ n&vd tre em bj budn bdn Irdvi d litihj^' Giang, Dl tai c^p ca S0, Tnmg tam Nghien ciiu Khoa hoc XS hOi vd Nhan vdn (Truing Dai hoc An Giang).
[3]. Tmong Minh Due (2011), "Ung dyng mo hinh dinh luong ddnh gid miic dO tao d$ng lyc lam vigc cho lA vien Cong ty Trdch nhigm hftu han ERICSSON Vift Nam", Tap chl Khoa hoc Bai hoc Qudc gia Hd Ndi, Kinh liii Kinh doanh, (so 27), tr. 240-247
[4]. Dam Thj Thanh Hoa, Nguyen Thu Anh, Dir, Saul Helfenbein vd CS (2010), Khao sdt nhu cdu vi(c ldm m ndng Ivc cUa ngudi sdng chung vdi HIVvd ngudi sau cai lgi Hd Ndi, Tdi ligu Hoi nghi khoa hoc qu6c gia ve HM AIDSlkthii4^
[5].NgiiyenThiTliuHoai (2013), "Vfcde viec lam cita phu nil khuyet ttf^ To;; cWjaoo/ipc j a Apt so'(S(I78),ttM^^
[6]. Quach Thi Hong (2010), Tkuc Irgng lao ddngvi^ ldm ciia ngudi nhdp cu&m^tsdphtfdng thudc n^idthanii phd LongXuyen, De tdi cap CO so, Tnmg tam Nghien ciiu Khoa hoc Xa hOi vd Nhdn vSn (Tniimg Dai hoc Aifeiaiig).
[7]. Bin Xnan Nam (2010), Nhu cdu viic ldm cua ngudi khiim thinh lgi Ihdnh phi Hd ChiMinh, LulnvanTIl*
sy, Tnrimg Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van, Dai hoc Quoc gia Thanh pho H 6 Chi Minh.
^ [8]. Tian Thj Thu Nguyet (2012), Thic trgng tim viic ldm ciia nguin khuyit ldt tren dia bdn tinh An amg,ii tai cap CO SO, Trang tam Nghign c4u Khoa hoc Xd hoi va Nhan vdn (Tnrimg Dai hoc An Giang)
Pl.PtomVanQuyetvaPhamAnhTuan(2012),"NhanmScVigtNamvoic6ngtdch6tronh6myeuthr,Xii)«i Hpi Ihao ngdy Cdng tdc xd hot The gidi ndm 2012.
EMPLOYMENT DEMANDS AMONG CURRENT DISADVANTAGED WOMEN IN LONGXUYEN CITY, AH GIANG PROVINCE
™stodyaunsatdetenniniagdesires,expectaaonsbycurrentdisadvantagedwomenconceiningtheire^^^^
tneieoy,itpiDvides relevant data forphinningvocational ttaining and employment management poUciesforfliis worn"
gionp. A total of 384 woildng-age women disadvantaged from Long Xuyen city took part in die survey. Cioiibacb-s Alpna mspectton, factor analysis, descripdon statistic and ANOVA were used in the stiidy. The results reveal that * u S o S l o T t e m ' " " ' ^ ™ ' ' ' ™ ' ' * " ™ " ' ' * ^ " ' ' ^ ' ' * ^ ' ' ^ * ™ ' ' ' ^ ^ ' " ^ ™ ' ^ ' * ' ' ^ ^ ' ^
Keywords: Employmem demand, disadvantaged women. Long Xuyen cily
Ngay nhgn bat: 10/11/2015: Ngay nhgn lgi: 28/12/2015; Ngdy duy\l ddng: 15/8/2016.
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