Cac nhan to'anh hirSng den sir hai long cua sinh vien TriTofng Dai hoc Thang Long
khi hoc cac mon hoc ly luan chmh tri
' * • INGaVEN TH! THCIY' Tom tat
Muc dich ciia nghien cffu nham xdc dinh cdc nhdn td'anh hudng di'n suhdi ldng cua sinh vien Trudng Dgi hgc Thdng Long khi hgc cdc mdn ly ludn chlnh tri. Tren ca sd khdo sdt, phdn tich, xff ly, ddnh gid cdc kit qud thu dugc, nghien cffu de xudt mdt sd'giai phdp nhdm ndng cao sU hffng thii cua sinh viin Trudng Dgi hgc Thdng Long vdi cdc mon hgc ly ludn chinh tri, cdng nhu gitip gidng viin cd sU nhiet tinh, hffng khdi khi dgy.
Tvi khda: sinh viin, gidng viin, Trudng Dgi hgc Thdng Long, sU hdi long, mdn hgc ly ludn chinh tri
Summary
The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the satisfaction of students at Thang Long University when studying political theory subjects. On the basis of survey, analysis, processing and evaluation of the obtained results, the study proposes some solutions to enhance the interest of students at Thang Long University with political theory subjects as well as help teachers to have enthusiasm and excitement when teaching.
Keywords: students, teachers, Thang Long University, satisfaction, political theory' subject
GIOI THIEU hgc lam trung tdm. Tuy nhien, khdng phai sinh vien nao cung thich ffng va hai long vdi chffdng trinh dao Trong nhffng nam gdn day, he thd'ng tao cua Trffdng.
gido due dai hgc nifdc ta khdng ngffng Khi nhac de'n cdc mdn hgc Iy luan chinh tri, nhieu phat trie'n ve quy md va chd't Iffdng. ban sinh vidn thffdng nghT dd Id mdn it quan trgng va Nhieu trffdng dai hoc dang dffdc hien dai khdng chu tdm diing mffc. Tham ehi, nhieu ban cdn hda tff cdsd vat chd't dd'n ddi ngu cdn bd, thd'y cdc mdn dd rd't "nhdm chan" bdi hau he't cdc giao vidn, chu'dng trinh ddo tao... Trffdng mdn la ly thuye't. Dd'i vdi sinh vidn ndi chung va sinh Dai hgc Thang Long cung Id mdt trong vien Trffdng Dai hgc Thang Long ndi ndng, cdc mdn sd'do. ly luan chinh tri dffdc xem la cde mdn hgc dai cffdng La trffdng ngoai cdng Idp dao tao bac bdt budc d td't ca cae ngdnh. Vi vay, trong qud trinh dai hgc dau tien tai Vidt Nam, Trffdng giang day va hgc tap, ca giang vien va sinh vien gap Dai hgc Thang Long da xdy dffng chffdng rd't nhieu khd khan. Nhdm tac gia da lffa chgn nghien tnnh dao tao khoa hgc, linh hoat vd mim cffu cac nhdn td' anh hifdng de'n sff hdi long ciia cac deo, cap nhat thffdng xuydn theo xu the' ban sinh vien tai Dai hge Thdng Long khi hgc cac giao due tien tid'n tren the'gidi, la'y ngffdi mdn ly luan chinh tri.
'TS,.Tru'ang Dai hoc Thang Long
Ngdy nlwn bdi. 20/02/2019; Ngdy phdn biSn: 12/04/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng 19/04/2019
35
HINH: MO HINH NGHIEN CCtU
- Gia day - Dinh liircmg nghe nghiep - Ty 1^ giCra ly thuyet va thuc hkah - Sir phan phoi cac mon hoc hop !y - So lining sinh vien dara bao trong mot lop
- Kien thi'tc cliuyen mon - Phuong phap giang day
• Ky nang truyen d^t - Sii than Ihien va liroTig lac vol sinh vien - Su dung nhieu hinh thuc kiem Ira va danh gia chinh xac
- Giao Irinh - Tai heu ihara khao - So d6 lu duy - Co so va! chal, Irang thi6l bi day hoc
-Sinh vien duoc ren luyen dao dire - Ky nang Iam viSc nh6m duoc cai diien.
- N a n g cao nSng luc giai quyet vande
Ngudn. De xuat cua tac gia
PHl/aNG PHAP VA M 6 HINH NGHIEN CLfU
Dd'i Wdng va phifdng phap nghidn cii'u Dd'i tffdng nghien ciJu: La sinh vien thudc td't ca cac ngdnh tai Tru'dng Dai hgc Thang Long da va dang hgc cdc mdn ly luan chinh trj. Nghien cffu difdc thffc hidn trong thdng 06 va thang ()7/2018, thudc hgc ky III nam hgc 2017-2018.
Sd' phid'u phdt ra la 350 (bao gom 100 phie'u khao sat sd bg), thu ve 317 phie'u (ty le dat 90,57%), joai bd 33 phie'u khdng hdp Id. Vt vdy, kich thifdc mdu cud'i cung la 317, trong dd cd 152 nam vd 165_^nff.
Sd' lieu dffdc xff ly thdng quan phan mem SPSS (Bai vii't sff dung cdch viit sd'thgp phdn theo chudn qud'c te).
M6 hinh nghien ciJu
Cac nhdn to' dffdc phdn tich trong cac nghien cffu ve chd't Iffdng ddo tao vd sff hai ldng dffdc tdng hdp trong Hinh.
KET QUA NGHIEN COU
Phdn tich do tin cgy
Ke't qua phdn tich he sd' Cronbach's Alpha tai Bang 1 cho tha'y, 4 thdnh phdn thang do ve danh gid sff hdi ldng cua sinh vien va ye'u td' phu thudc d^u cd dd tin cdy Idn hdn 0.6, ndn dam bao sff tin cdy dd' sff dung cdc bie'n nay. Ben canh do, loai bd bie'n CTl do do tin cay nho hdn 0.6, nhffng van de xud't giff lai bid'n CT2 vi cd do tin cay xd'p xi 0.6. Dieu do cho thd'y, thang do dffdc xay dffng cd y nghia trong thd'ng ke vd dathd sd'tm cdy cdn thid't, nen md hinh dffdc tie'p tuc dffa vao phan tich nhdn td'khdm phd EFA.
Phdn tich nhdn to khdm phd (EFA)^
Phdn tich EFA cdc nhdn to'thudc biin ddc lap De kiem tra xem cdc nhdn td' ddc lap cd phil hdp dd dffa vao phdn tich EFA hay khdng, ta tie'n hdnh kiem dinh Bartletts va he so KMO. Ket qua nhff Bang 2.
Bang 2 cho tha'y, ed gid tri KMO la 0.886 > 0.5 vd gia tri Sig. cua kiem dinh Bartletts bang 0.000 < 0.05 cho tha'y, eae bie'n cd tffdng quan vdi nhau ndn md hinh la phil hdp dd' dffa vao phdn tich EFA.
Phffdng phdp trich trong phan tich nhan to' yeu cau cdc gia tri trich Eigenvalue phai ldn hdn 1 mdi dffdc giff lai trong md hinh phan tich. 4 nhdn to dffdc trich ra deu cd gid tri Eigenvalue
> 1 va diem dffng khi trich cdc ye'u td'tai nhdn to'thff 4 cd Eigenvalue la 1.010 > 1.
Tdng phffdng sai trich cua 4 nhdn td'bang 70.789% > 50%. Con so' nay cho thdy, kha nang sff dung 4 nhdn to' thanh phdn ndy giai thich dffdc 70.789% bie'n thien cua cdc bid'n quan sdt.
Phdn tich EFA nhdn tdsuhdi long Ke't qua phdn tich EFA vdi KMO bang 0.800 > 0.5 va kiem dinh Bartletts cd Sig.
= 0.000 < 0.05, ndn cd the khang djnh dff lieu phil hdp de phdn tich nhdn td'.
Phdn tich da rut trich tff 4 bie'n danh gid sff thich ffng thanh mdt nhan td' chinh cd Eigenvalue = 2.753 va tdng phffdng sai trich Id 68.836% > 50%.
Phdn tich md hinh hoi quy Sau khi rut trich dffdc cdc nhan td' tCf phdn tich EFA, ta tie'n hanh phdn tich hdi quy de xac dinh cac nhdn to' anh hffdng de'n sff hai ldng cua sinh vien dd'i vdi cdc mdn hgc Ly ludn chinh tri.
Phdn tich hoi quy se dffdc thffe hien vdi 4 nhdn td' ddc ldp Id: Chffdng trinh ddo tao; Giang vien; Sff hffu hinh; va Sff hffu ich.
Gia tri cua mdi nhdn to' dffdc diing de chay hoi quy Id gia tri trung binh cua eac bid'n quan sat thudc nhan to' do.
Vdi kd't qua nay, chung ta tinh ngifdc lai b = c vdi j > 0 va bg = cj(i~r}, dffdc hdi quy chu'a chuan hda Id:
SHL = 0.5983 -i- 0.068CT -f- 0.215GV -f0.179HH-h0.142HI-he
Md hinh hdi quy da chuan hda Id:
SHL* = 0132CT* -I- 0.187GV* + 0.242HH* + O.WSHI'^
KIEN NGH!
Kd't qua thu dffdc sau qua trinh khao sdt va phdn tich ke't qua khdo sdt cho thd'y, cdc thang do lffdng cdc yd'u td' tdc ddng de'n sff hdi long cffa sinh vien deu dat du'dc do tin cay va gid tri cho phep.
Cu the, cdc nhdm giai phdp tdc ddng vao cdc bie'n ddc lap nhff sau:
36
Thff nhdt, nhom gidi phdp ve chuang trinh ddo tgo, gom co 4 yiu to'chinh:
Thdi Iffdng cua mdn hpc cd qua dai: Ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, hdu he't sinh vien cho rdng, thdi Iffdng cua mdn hgc keo dai, khdng phii hdp. Thdng thffdng 1 budi hgc keo dai 3 tie'ng, ma nhffng mdn ly ludn chinh tri, nhff: Mac- Ld nin, Tff tffdng Ho Chi Minh chl ngoi nghe khdng se khie'n sinh vien mdt mdi din dd'n chdn nan, khdng chuyen tdm hgc tap. Vl the', nen rut ngdn lai thdi gian hgc trong 1 budi, nhffng tang so budi hgc trong 1 tuan de vffa phu hdp vdi chffdng trinh hge, vffa khdng tao ap lu'c cho sinh vien, giup sinh vien hgc it gid, ma lai tid'p thu kie'n thffc td't hdn.
- Cd qua nhieu mdn hgc Iy ludn chinh tri: Theo nghien cffu, sinh vidn cho rang, cd qua nhieu hoc phdn lien quan de'n hgc phan ly luan chinh tri, nhffng da phdn la bat budc, khdng cho phep sinh vien lffa chgn. Vl the, cd the nghien cffu trong khung chffdng trtnh, ndn giam cdc mdn nay hoac cd the sff dung phffdng an lffa chgn de giam tai cho sinh vien.
- Sd' iffdng sinh vien trong mdi ldp qud ddng: Hau hd't sinh vien deu dong y rang, sd'Iffdng sinh vien trong mdi Idp qua ddng, dac bidt cd ldp ldn tdi 200 sinh vien phai hoc d mgt hgi trffdng to rdng.
Sinh vien ddng khid'n giang vien khdng the' truyen tai he't dffde kie'n thffc cho td't ca cdc sinh vien, chffa kd' cd nhffng sinh vien phai ngoi xa khdng cd sff gidm sdt cua giang vien se diing dien thoai hoac ndi chuyen ddn de^n on do, anh hffdng cdc sinh vien khde. Vi vay, de' giup giang vien cd the' chuyen tdm giang day vd giup sinh vien tie'p thu td't kid'n thffc cua mdn hpc, thi can gidm sd'Iffdng sinh vidn trong mdi Idp cua mdi mdn hpc.
- Cd du thdi gian de dn tdp cho ky thi mdn hgc: Khoang 75% sinh vidn difdc khdo sat cho rang, khdng cd kip thdi gian tff iuc ke't thiic mdn hgc cho de'n luc thi ke't thuc mdn hgc dd. Dieu nay de hid'u, vi ndi dung cde mdn hpc qud ddi, hinh thffc thi chu ye'u la tff ludn Idm eho sinh vien khd cd the' hgc he't ngi dung trong thdi gian ngan (tff luc ke't thiic cho de'n luc thi chi cd khoang 2 tuan).
Vl vdy, nhd trffdng vd bg mdn giao due chinh tri - phdp ludt, nen cd nghien cffu de cd the' thay doi hinh thffc thi bang cdc cau hoi ngdn, cdu hdi trdc nghidm hoac keo dai thdi gian tff luc ke't thuc mdn hgc de'n luc thi.
BANG 1: KET QGA PHAN TICH DO TIN CAY c A c NHOM BIEN BANG HE SO CRONBACHS ALPHA STT
I 2 3 4 5
Nhom bi^n Chirong tnnh (CT) Giang vien (GV) Hffu hinh (HH) Hffu fch (HI) Sff hai long (HL)
S^ bi&'n quan sat 4 6 4 4 4
Cronbach's Alpha 0.659 0.903 0.770 0 836 0,849
BANG 2: HE SO KMO VA KIEM DINH BARTLETTS COA CAC N H A N TO DQC LAP
m sS'KMO
Kiem dinh Bartlett's
Approx Chi-Square Df
Sig,
0.886 2784 861 153 0.000
BANG 3: HE SO KMO VA KIEM DINH BARTLETTS CQA N H A N T O Sd HAI LONG
He so KMO
Kiem dinh Bartlen's Approx Chl-Square Df Sig.
0,800 537.686 6.000 0.000
BANG 4: MA TRAN THANH PHAN NHAN TO DANH GlA scr HAI LONG Bi^n danh gia
HLI HL2 HL3 HL4
H&scT tai trong -818
772 .87!
.854 f~igu6n Tmh toan cua tac
Thff hai, nhdm gidi phdp ve gidng vien, gom co 6 yiu to'chinh:
- Giang vien cd kid'n thffc sdu rdng ve ITnh vffc: Hau he't cdc giang vien deu cd kie'n thffc sau rgng ve chuyen ngdnh giang day, cung nhff cac linh vffc khac trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi, cap nhat kie'n thffc sau rdng ve ehuyen nganh giang day cung nhff cdc Imh vffc khac trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi, cap nhdt nhii'ng kie'n thffc mdi. Thu'dng xuyen thuc day cdng tdc dao tao, bdi difdng cdn bd giang day cd trinh do cao va thdnh tich td't. Khuye'n khich va tao dieu kien cho giao vien di du hpc tai cac nffdc phdt trie'n, Dd'y manh nghien cffu khoa hgc trong
37
giang day, ldng ghep ke't qua nghien cffu khoa hgc vdo giang day
- Giang vien cd sff thu hut sinh vien. Giang vidn cd trinh dp chuydn mdn vd nang life truyen dat td't.
Cdn nd'u chi ndi khd khan, nen hau he't sinh vien deu cam tha'y ehan va khdng chuyen tam hoc tap, Theo khao sat eho thd'y, chi mdt phan it sinh vidn cam thd'y, giang vidn cac mdn ly luan chinh tri c6 sif thu hdt.
Vi vdy, giang vien ndn xen ke nhffng kie'n thffc, ly thuye't vdi kie'n thffc xa hgi de cho sinh vidn cd hffng thu vdi mdn hgc.
- Giang vidn cd tdm huye't giang day: Hdu he't giang vien deu cd sff yen thich nghe nghiep dd'i vdi cdng vide minh dang lam, ndn hg day hd't sffe nhiet tinh. Sinh vien cung cam nhan dieu dd, tren phie'u khao sat cho tha'y, sinh vien ddng y vdi ye'u td' tren.
- Giang vien cd lidn he thffc tidn nhieu: Giang vien cd sff am hieu vd nhidu linh vffc trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi, bdi the' cd sff lien ket nhieu hdn trong thffc te'. Giang day each dp dung ndi dung bdi hgc vdo nhffng tinh hud'ng thffc te cua xa hgi tai cho hoc vien.
- Gidng vidn sil dung nhieu hinh thilc hd trd giang day (slide, video, tranh, anh...): Viec ffng dung cdng nghe thdng tin vdo giang day se gdp phan nang cao cha't Itfdng hgc tap cho sinh vien tao ra mdi trffdng gido due mang tinh tffdng tdc cao, ehff khdng chi ddn diudn Id thay giang, trd nghe, thay dgc, trd chep nhu hidn nay. Sinh vien dffdc khuye'n khich va tao dieu kien de chu dgng tim kie'm tri thffc, sap xe'p hdp ly qud trinh tff hgc.
- Giang vien ddnh gid kd't qua khdch quan: Giang vidn danh gia nang life sinh vien khach quan va hdp ly.
Giang vidn ndn ke't hdp nhieu ye'u to' de ddnh gid nang lu'c sinh vidn, cu thd' nen chia nho did'm thanh phan tff cac yd'u td' khde nhau, nhi/: ky nang lam viec nhdm, cd nhan, ky nang trinh bay... SiJdung cdc dang bdi thi khac nhau ke't hdp nhieu dang cdu hoi trong bai thi thffdng ky, giffa ky (hdi va'n dap, thuyd't tnnh...), thay vi chi danh gia bang bai kiem tra dang tff ludn. ^
Thff ba, nhom gidi phdp ve sU hdu hinh, gom cd 4 yiu to'chinh:
- Giang vidn cung ca'p gido trtnh giang day: Cung ca'p day du phil hdp vdi muc dich tffng mdn hpc.
- Tdi lieu hpc tap va tham khao tai thff vidn dam bao ve so' Iffdng: Co nhieu ngudn tai lidu khac nhau giup sinh vien thoai mdi lffa chpn va dam bao so'Iffdng sach cho mdi lan mffdn ve nha cua sinh vien.
JAIXEEUTHAMLKHAO-
- Saeh gido tnnh cd cdp nhdt tinh hinh mdi, van ban mdi: Ludn cap nhdt cac van ban mdi theo sff ddi mdi chffdng ts\nh cua Bd Giao due vd Dao tao.
- Phdng hoc, trang'thie't bi dam bao:
Dd'i vdi cd sd vat chd't ci'ui trffdng thi khdng sinh vien nao phan dnh vi cd s6 vat cha't cua trffdng kha td't va dam bdo dat tidu chuan.
Thff tff, nhdm giai phdp vi stf kOu ich, gom cd 4 yiu td chinh:
(i) Dffdc rdn luydn dao dffc trong mdn hgc: VJ nhffng mdn IJ ludn chinh tri chu ye'u ndi v^ nhffng vd'n dd thffc te' trong ddi sd'ng xa hdi, bdi vdy se giup sinh vidn thay ddi, ren luydn nhieu hdn ve ban cha't cung nhif tdm sinh ly, Ben canh do, hgc tap va ldm theo ta'm gffdng dao dffc Ho Chi Minh tao eho sinh vien cd lo'i sd'ng ldnh manh, td't dep hdn.
(ii) Ndng cao kid'n thffc ve Iy luan chinh tri: Sinh vidn dffdc hieu rd hdn ve nhffng tff tffdng cua cdc nha trie't hpc, nhif: C. Mac, V. Lenin; tff tffdng Hd Chi Minh,.. Tao lien dd cho sinh vidn cd cai nhin khaeh quan hdn ve sff tdn tai cua the gidi quan ndi chung, cung nhff the' gidi duy vat va duy tdm ndi rieng.
(iii) Cd the van dung trong thffc te:
Sinh vien nhan bid't rd cac cap phara trd trong trie't hgc dd'i vdi thffc te', nhff: Cap pham tru "Nguyen nhdn - ke't qua" (giao nhdnndo gat qua a'y...); Cap pham trd
"Chd't - Lu'dng" (cha't cd trffdc hay Iffdng cd trifdc phu thude vao each nhm khach quan cua chu the'...); cap pham tril "N6i dung-Hinh thffc".
^ (iv) Ndng cao kha nang trinh bay van de: Sinh vien dffdc dd dang bay toy kidn vdi giang vien trong mdi mdn hgc.
Tuy nhien, cung cd mdt so' sinh vien con ngai bay to quan die'm cua minh vdi giang vidn, Khdo sdt cho thd'y, mot sS smh vien khdng ddng y vdi yd'u td trdn.
Vl vay, mdi giang vien gidng day m6n hgc nao do ndn iLfOng tae nhidu hdn vdi smh vien.Q
1. 8 6 Giao due va Dao tao (2007). Quyet dinh so 65/2007/QB-BGDBT. ngay Ol/linrim h hanh Quy dinh vi tieu chudn ddnh gid chdt luang trudng dai hoc ^""' " "
2 B8 Giao due va Dao tao (2008). HuAng d&n si dting tieu chi ddnh gid cMt l„
dai hoc «'""ng truottg 3. NguySn Kim Dung (2010). Khdo sdt mtic do hdi long cua smh vien ve cha't lua„ , va qudn ly cua mot so trudng dai hgc Viet Nam, Ky ye'u hoi thao khoa hoc Danh giixf/,'""* •]
trifSng dai hoc va eao dang Viet Nam ' " ' " g cac
