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DAI\IH GIA Hl£U QUA IXIUOI GA TH|T TREIV DjA BAIV HUY$I\I IXIHO OUAIXI, TilMH IXIIIMH BllXIH
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Nghien cuu nay sii dung sd lieu dieu tra tai cac ca sd nudi ga thit (CNGTO tr^n dia ban huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh d^ danh gia higu qua kinh t^ (HQKT) cac cc so nuoi ga thit va cac yeu td anh hudng d^n ket qua va hieu qua kinh t^ ciia cac co sd nay. Hai phmmg phap chinh su dung trong nghien ciru nay Iii phan tich chi phi - loi ich va phirong phap hoi quy. Ket qua cho th^y hieu qua kinh te chan nuoi ga thit cia nhom ho nudi ban cdng nghiep cao hon so vdi nhom ho nuoi theo hinh thiic cdng nghidp. Ben canh do, nhom h6 chan nuoi ga thit tai thi tran Nho Quan co hieu qua kinh t6 cao hon nhom ho a xa Dong Phong va Ky Phii.
V^ gidng ga thi ga Ri Lai c6 hi$u qua kinh t^ cao hon Luong Phuong va Tam Hoang. Ngoai ra, nhdm ho nudi theo hinh thiic gia trai co hieu qua cao hon nhdm hO chan nuoi theo hinh thiic trang trai va ho gia dinh. Trong 10 ydu td/bien duoc dira vao mo hinh thi cac chi phi (gidng va thiic an), phuoTig thirc nuoi va gidng ga cd anh hudng manh nhat den ket va hi^u qua nudi ga thit. Con lai, trinh do hpc van cua chii co sd, thdi gian nudi, quy md dan va ty le hao hut cung co anh hudng nhung muc do yeu hon.
Tut Uiod: Chan nudiga thit, Nho Quan, hieu qua kinh te, hoi quy.
I.DAI VAN DE
Tai Viet Nam, trong nganh chan nuoi thi gia cam 1^ vat nudi quan trpng diing thii hai sau lpn nhimg lai la vat nudi pho bien trong cac hd gia dmh, dac biet, d viing ndng thdn cd d^n 80% so hd la co chan nudi gia class.. Trong chan nuoi gia cam thi ga 1^ vat nudi chti y^u, dan ga chiem khoang 75% tong sd lupng dan gia cam va hang nam cung cap khoang 350 - 450 ngan tan thit ra thi tnrdng (Hiep hdi Chan nudi Gia cam Viet Nam, 2009).
Nho Quan la mdt huyen mien niii nam d phia Tay Bac tinh Ninh Binh, Viet Nam, cd dien tich tu nhi^n 450,53 km^ va dan s6 151.421 ngudi (nam 2017). Nho Quan la dia phuong cd nhieu tiem nang v^ loi th^ d^ phat tri^n chan nudi toan didn. Theo quy ho^ch tdng th^ phat trien chan nudi cua tinh ddn nam 2025 gia tri san xuat nganh chan nudi dat khoang 45% gia tri san xuat nganh ndng nghiep, tong so dan gia cam dat tren 300 ngan con, trong dd ga la 200 ngan con, tdng san lupng thit gia cam dat khoang 450 tan, trong do thit ga trdn 280 tan (Chi cue Thii y Ninh Binh, 2016). Trong thdi gian qua hoat dpng chan nudi gia cam ndi chung va ga ndi rieng b huyen Nho Quan, tinh Nmh Binh da dat duac nhirng thanh tiru dang ke, sd luong dan va san lupng thit hdn tuc
tang vdi tdc dd khoang 5 - 7% mdi nam. Bdn canh su tang len ve sd luong, chat lupng thit cung dupe nang Idn nhd cai thien hinh thiic nudi va chat lupng con giong. Chan nudi ga da gdp phan dang kd vao tao vide lam va tang thu nhap cho ngudi lao ddng; cai thien biia an va nang eao ddi sdng cua ngudi dan.
Hien nay cac to chicc va ca nhan chi tap trung nghien ciiu nhieu v^ van de ky thuat va th^ chd cdn van de vd hieu qua kinh te chi duac mdt sd tac gia nghidn ciiu nhu Nguydn Van Diic va Trin Long (2008), Nguydn Quoc Nghi (2011) hay Dinh Xuan Tiing (2012)... Tuy nhidn, cac nghien ciiu nay chua danh gia toan dien ve hidu qua kinh te chan nudi ga theo nhidu tieu chi khac nhau va cac van &k nhu hieu qua kmh te trong didu kidn nil ro hay hieu qua ky thuat ciing chua dupe dd cap. Ben canh dd, ndu so sanh vdi cac nghien ciiu cua cac nha khoa hpc nude ngoai nhu Adepoju (2008), Kalla (2007), Morrison va Gunn (1983) hay Micah (2011)... thi each thiic nhin nhan van dd, he thdng chi tidu tinh toan va so sanh hidu qua kmh td eua cac nha khoa hpc trong nude la cd su khac biet dang ke. "Vi vay, nghidn ciiu nay la can thidt.
2 . PHUDNG PHAP NGMBV CUU
2.1. Chpn difoi nghidn cuu va ngudn sd li^u 2.1.1. Chon diem nghien cuu
Hoat ddng chan nudi ga thit (CN(7r) d Nho Quan tuong ddi da dang ve quy md, hinh thuc, loai Khoa Kinh te va PTNT, Trudng Dai hgc Nong Lara, Dai
hpc Thai Nguyen
Email: [email protected] vn
NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020 91
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giong. Ben eanh dd, cac sd lieu thdng ke ve so lupng c a sd chan nudi, sd lucmg dan ga thit, hinh thiic nudi, loai giong nudi... da dupe cung cap bdi cac ca quan quan ly, vi the phuong phap chpn mau ngSu nhien phan tang/to duac lua chpn. Ba dia didm duoc lua chpn de nghien ciiu dai dien cho ba
vimg cua Nho Quan. Thi tran Nho Quan ed didu kien kmh td, xa hdi va giao thdng thuan loi, Ky Phii dai didn cho khu vuc mien mit khd khan, Dong Phong dai didn cho viing triing khd khan. Ket qua duoc trinh bay trong bang 1.
Bang 1. Mau khao sit chia theo hinh thiic, gidng v i quy md nudi
Dia ban TT Nho Quan
Dong Phong KyPhii Tong sd
Hinh thuc CN'
27 20 10 67
BCN"
71 53 31 155
Gidng Rl
Lai 47 36 21 104
Luong Phuong 32 25 14 71
Tam Hoang
19 12 5 36
Quymd Gia trai 18 12 6 36
Trang trai
2 3 0 5
Ndng hd 78 57 35 170
Ghi chu: ^ Cong nghiep, ''Ban cdng nghiep.
Bang 1 cho th^y tong sd mhi duac khao sat la 211. Trong dd, cd 57 ca sd chan nudi theo hinh thiic cdng nghidp va 155 c a sd chan nudi theo hinh thiic ban cdng nghiep. Trong t6ng sd 211 ca sd, cd 104 ca sd nudi ga Ri Lai, 71 nudi gidng Luang Phuang va sd
Nguon: Tdng hop cua tac gia tiisdh'0u dlSu tia.
cdn lai nudi gidng Tam Hoang. Neu chia theo quy md, cd 36 gia trai, 5 trang trai va sd cdn lai nudi theo quy md hd. Thdng kd md ta cae bidn dupe lua chpn va trinh bay trong bang 2.
B ^ 2 . T m h h i n h n F
Chi Hdu - Tudi dia nguoi nudi - Trinh dd hoc van - Sd nam Idhh nghidm - Sd lao ddng gia dinh -Dien tich datCNGT -VdnCNGT
Trong dd, vdn vay - Sd 1 ^ tap h u ^ ky thuat - Sd vu nudi
- Thdi gian nudi - Quy md nudi - Ty Id hao hut - Trong luong xuat ehudng
aidn luc ciia cic DVT Tudi Lop Nam Lao ddng
m^
Tridu ddng Tridu ddng
Lan Vu/nam Ngay/vu Con/vu
%/vu Kg/con
ca scr CNGT duijc khao s i t 2016-2018 Nhd
nhat 34 5,0 3,0 1,0 37,0
9,0 5,0 1,0 2,0 80.0 70,0 3,0 1,1
Lon nhat 55 12,0 12,0 5,0 920,0 560,0 183,0 5,0 4,0 110,0 2.500,0 21,0
1,8
Binh quan 43,2 7,2 6,9 2,7 152,0 111,6 25,6 2,9 2,8 91,0 362,0 7,2 1,3
Dd lech chuan
12,230 2,287 1.854 1,154 210,590 135,680 43,560 0,813 0,551 10,137 212,49 5,152 0,134
2.1.2. Phuongphap thu thap thong tin, sdheu Nghidn ciiu nay su dung ca hai nguon thdng tin la thii cap (thu thap trong giai doan 2016-2018) va sa cap (thu thap trong nam 2018). Thdng tin s a cap gdm:
- Tuoi ciia chii hp, trinh dp hpc van, sd nam kinh
Nguon: Tinh toan cua tac gia tUsdUiu diiu tra.
nghidm, didn tich dat, vdn dau tu cho CNGT;
So lupng dan ga thit. gidng ga nudi, hinh thuc nudi, quy md nudi, thdi gian nudi, ty Id hao hut;
Cae chi phi chan nudi, san lirpng, gia bin gi thit, thi trudng tidu thu trong hing miia vu;
Kdt qua va HQKT CNGT eua cac trang tr?i.
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020
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gia trai, ndng hO...
Cac thdng tin nay dupe thu thap thdng qua viec khao sat true tidp cac co sd CNGT, ngudi thu gom, bdn budn dai didn trdn dia ban nghidn ciiu voi bang cau hdi duoc thidt kd san, Ngudi dupe phong van la chu eac ca sd chan nudi, thu gom, ban budn. Quy trinh khao sat, thu thap s6 heu s a cap cd thd md ta nhu sau:
Khao sat tinh hinh CNGT cua huydn de chpn cac xa, thi Iran dai didn.
Thiet ke miu didu tra va khao sat thu 10 miu.
Khao sat 211 ti-ang ti-ai, gia ti-ai, hd CNGT de thu thap thdng tin vd CNGT trong cac nam 2016- 2018. Do eac nguon luc bi gidi han, nghidn ciiu nay chi tidn hanh ddi vdi vu nudi he.
Ngoai vide khao sdt eae trang trai, gia trai, ndng hd CNGT eae nhan td trong ehudi nhu ngudi thu gom, ban budn, ban le, c a sd chd bidn (nha hang) va mdt s6 ca sd cung cap thtic an, thudc thii y ciing dirpc khao sat nham thu thap thdng tin vd thi trudng, chuoi cung ga thit trdn dia ban.
2.2. Phuong phdp phan tich vd xb \f s6 li^u Ngoai cac phuang phap truydn thdng nhu chuydn gia va phan tich thdng ke, phuong phap chinh cua nghidn ciiu nay la phan tich ehi phi-loi ich va hdi quy.
2.2.1. Phuong phap phan ti'ch lpi ich - chi phi (BCA)
Phirong phap nay diing de tinh toan eae ehi tieu nhu chi phi trung gian, tdng chi phi, gia tri san xuat, gia tri gia tang, thu nhap hdn hpp va lpi nhuan kinh te rong cho 100 kg ga hoi xuat chuong cua cac nhom hd CNGT khac nhau.
2.2.2. Phuongphap phan ti'ch hdi quy Md hinh hoi quy tuyen tinh da bien dupe su dung nham danh gia su anh hudng eiia cac ydu td cd lidn quan den ket qua san xuat kinh doanh va hieu qua kinh te cua nganh nudi ga thit tren dia ban. Md hinh duoc md ta nhu sau:
Y; = a -»- P i X i i + PzX^i + PsXsi -t- z, Trong do;
- Y, dai didn cho lpi nhuan rong hoSc thu nhap hdn hpp tir nudi ga thit hoae hidu qua kinh td Qui nhuSn rdng/tdng ehi phQ eiia e a sd tiiu i;
- Xl, la trinh dd hpc van eua chii ca so thii i;
• Xj, la dai dien cho cac dac diem cua eo so thii i nhu thdi gian nudi/liia, quy md nudi, ty le hao hut/Ilia, sd lan duoc tap huan/nam, phuong thiie nudi va vu nudi;
- X3, la cac khoan chi phi cua co sd thii i nhu gidng, thiic an, vat tu, thudc thii y.
3. KET QUA NGteil GUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Hifu qua kinh t^ chan nuoi ga thit theo c^c mdhinh
3.1. J. Hieu qua kinh te chan nuoi ga thit theo hinh thuc nuoi
Bang 3. Hi^u qua kinh t^ chan nudi gk Ihit tiieo hinh thiic nudi
(Binh quan/lOOkgga hoi xuat chuong, don vi tinh: lan)
Chi tieu Sdmiu 1. G07IC=
2. VA'/IC 3. MIVIC 4. NBVIC 5. NB/TC
CN' 57 1,41 0,38 0,33 0,26 0,24
BCN' 155 1,51 0,48 0,45 0,33 0,29
Binh quin N/A=
1,48 0,45 0,42 0,31 0,28
T - t e s t Sig.
N/A 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Ngudn: Tinh toan cua tac gia tir sdheu dieu tra.
Ghi chu: "Cong nghiep, ''Ban cong nghiep,
"^Khong CO so lieu hoac sd heu khong co y nghia,
"^ Gross-output, ^Intermediate cost, ^Value-added,
^Mixedmcome, ''NetbeneSt, 'Total cost Vide bdc tach lao ddng (tu cd) va lao ddng thud ngoai la mdt trong sd nhirng can cii quan trpng de tinh toan cae chi tieu hen quan, trong dd cd lpi nhuan thuan (Net Benefit). Lpi nhuan thuSn la khoan chenh lech giiia thu nhap hdn hpp (Mixed income) va cac khoan chi phi hd tu ed (khdng phai mua ngoai, trong dd cd lao ddng tu cd). Tuy nhien, vide xac dinh loai chi phi nay d cap dp hd gia dinh va gia trai va tham chi la ke ca ddi vdi cac ndng trai la khdng dd do tinh chat giao thoa cua cac cdng viec va do phan Idn eac hd gia dmh ehua cd thdi quen ghi chep. Y thiic dieu nay, khi phdng van cac dieu tra vien da diing cac bien phap ky thuat de hdi true tidp (bao nhieu cdng lao ddng tu cd da duoc bo ra trong mdt vu nuoi) hoac can cii vao cac thdng tm duac cung cap (vi du nhu ty Id %) de tinh ra lao ddng tu cd.
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Nhd cd tdc dp tang eiia ket qua san xuat Idn han tdc dp tang cua chi phi nen HQKT ciia nhdm hd nudi ban cdng nghidp (BCN) cao han so vdi nhdm hd nudi cdng nghiep (CN). Tuy nhien, de eae kdt luan dua ra chinh xac han cho tong the nghien ciiu (cac kdt luan dua ra ed y nghia thdng ke), phuong phap kidm dmh gia tri trung binh eua hai tdng the mau ddc
Bang 4. H i ^ qud kmh td chSn nudi ga thit theo viing sinh thai
(Bmh quin/lOO kg ga hoi xuat chuong, dan vi tinh: Ian) lap dupe sii dung. Vdi miic y nghia 0,05 va can cu vao gia \xi Sig. cd tiid ket luan tat ca cac chi heu phan anh ket qua va HQKT ciia hinh tiiiic nudi BCN la cao hon mdt each cd y nghia thdng ke so vdi hinh thuc nudi CN.
3.1.2. Hi$u qua kinh td chan nudi ga thit theo khu vuc nghien ciiu
Chi tieu S d m i u 1. GOVIC' 2. VAVIC 3. M17IC 4. NB'/IC 5. NB/TC«
Thi tran Nho Quan
98 1,53 0,50 0,47 0,31 0,36
KyPhii 72 1,48 0,45 0,42 0,27 0,30
Ddng Phong 41 1,40 0,37 0,34 0,21 0,24
Binh quan N/A"
1,48 0,45 0,42 0,31 0,28
ANOVA Sig.
N/A 0,67 0,67 0,65 0,76 0,85
Nguon: Tinh toan cua tac gia tir sdheu diSu tra.
Chii thich: "Khong co sd hSu ho$c sd heu khong co y nghia. ''Gross-output, '^Intermediate cost, ''Value- added, ^Mixed-mcome, ^NetbeneSt, ^Totalcost
Do CO cac dieu kien thuan lpi han nen nhdm cac hd d thi tran Nho Quan cd ket qua chan nudi ga thit cao hon trong khi eac chi phi lai thap hon hai vimg nghien ciiu cdn lai. Vi the, hien nhien hieu qua kinh td d nhdm hd nay eao hon nhdm cac hd b hai vimg nghien cuu khac.
3.1.3. Hieu qua kmh td chan nudi ga thit theo gidngga
Bang 5. Hidu qua kinh td chan nudi gd thit theo gi6ng nudi
(Binh quan/lOO kg ga hoi xuat chuong. don vi tinh: lao) Ket qua nghien ciiu eho thay GO (gross output) eiia gidng Ri Lai la Idn nhat, khoang hon 8.100 ngan dong/lOO kg cao hon khoang 40% so vdi Luong Phuong va Tam Hoang. Ly do la gidng Ri Lai ed ch^t lupng thit tham ngon han nen dupe ngudi tidu diing ua ehudng hon.
Chi tieu Soman 1. GOVIC 2. VAVIC 3. M17IC 4. NB'/IC 5. NB/TC"
RiLai 104 1,52 0,49 0,47 0,35 0,31
Luong Phuong
71 1,44 0,41 0,38 0,28 0,25
Tam Hoang
36 1,40 0,37 0,33 0,25 0,22
Binh quan N/A' 1,48 0,45 0,42 0,31 0,28
ANOVA Sig.
N/A 0,06 0,06 0,03 0,12 0,11
Ngudn: Tinh toan aia tac gia tir sd lieu diiu tra.
Chii thich: "Khong cd sd hdu ho$c sd lidu khong co y nghia. ''Gross-output, "Intermediate cost. ''Value added, "Mhced-income, ^Net beneSt,^Total cost
Do nhung ydu td neu tren lam kdt qua chan nudi gidng ga Ri Lai ed chi phi chan nudi th^p hon hai gidng ga Ri Lai cao han hai gidng ga cdn lai. Ngoai gidng ga cdn lai. Vi the, hieu qua kmh te ciia gidng ra, do kha nang thich ling vdi thdi tidt tdt hon ndn ga nay la cao nhat.
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3.1.4. Hi$u qua kmh td chan nuoi ga thit theo quymd dan
Nhd ed GO eao hon va ehi phi ehSn nudi duoe tidt giam han nen eae chi tieu phan anh ve HQKT
B ^ g 6. Hidu qua kinh td chan nudi g i thit theo quy md dan
0inh quan/100 kg ga hoi xudt chuSng, don vi tinh: lan) cua quy md gia trai la cao nhat tiep theo la trang trai va ndng hd, eu thd: d quy md gia trai ngudi chan nudi bd ra mdt dong IC thu dupe 1,51 dong GO, 0,48 ddng VA, 0,44 ddng MI va 0,38 ddng NB.
Chi tidu Sdmiu 1. GOVIC' 2. VAVIC 3. MI7IC 4. NB'/IC 5. N B / T C
Gia trai 36 1,51 0,48 0,44 0,38 0,34
Trang Trai
5 1,49 0,46 0,40 0,36 0,32
Ndng hd 170 1,48 0,45 0,41 0,30 0,26
Binh quan N/A"
1,48 0,45 0,42 0,31 0,28
ANOVA Sig.
N/A 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,01 0,03 Ngudn: Tinh toin cua tac gia tir sd lidu dieu tra.
Chu thich: 'Khdng cd sd lieu hoac sd lieu khdng cd y nghia, "Gross-output, 'Intermediate cost, 'Value- added, 'Mixed-income, ^NetbeneSt, ^Totalcost
3.2. Dinh gid cic y & td Snh huong ddn kdt qua v i hidu qui kinh td chin nudi g i thit Bang 7. Cic ydu td inh hudng ddn kdt qua v i hidu qui kmh \& chin nudi g i thjt Bien ddc lap
Hingsd Chi phi gidng Chi phi thiic an Chi phi thudc thii y Trinh dd hoc van chii co sd Thdi gian nudi Quy md dan Ty le hao hut Sd lan tap huan Phuong thiic nudi Gidng ga HesdF Hesdif
He sdl¥ didu chinh Kidm dinh Durbin-Watson
Hd NB- (1) 3.779,101***
-0,588***
-0,665***
0,070 257.313,570***
-8,634*
1.068.400,190*
-18,392*
34.348,440 871.574,670***
317.782,810***
0,000 0,640 0,620 1,845
sd cua cac bien phu thudc Mil" (2) 4.162.864,480***
-0,584***
-0,664***
0.060 265.345,510***
-8,029*
1.039.200,700*
-25,052**
32.947,640 119.351,250***
336.140,500***
0,000 0,680 0,670 1,839
N B / T C (3) 1,019***
-9,918***
0,000***
-7,650 0,038***
-0,001*
0,001*
-0,004**
0,020 0,094***
0,042***
0,000 0,700 0,690 1,821
Ghi chu: "Net benefit, ''Mixed-income, '^Total cost, 90%.
Bang 7 cho thay: Sig.F eiia eac md hinh = 0,000 ndn cac md hinh hdi quy cd y nghia d miie 999&. Didu nay eho phep bac bo gia thidt Ho, tiic bac bd gia thiet tat ca cac he sd hdi quy rieng bang 0 va chap nhan gia thiet H,, gia thiet khdng phai tat ca he sd hdi quy
Nguon: Tinh toan cua tac gia tii sd lieu dieu tra.
' *, *, miic y nghia thdng kS tuong ung 99%, 95%,
ridng bang 0. Nhu vay, nit ra kdt luan la ket hap ciia cae bien ddc lap trong md hinh cd thd giai thich duoc su thay ddi cua bidn phu thudc Y, didu nay cung cd nghia la cac md hinh xay dung phii hpp vdi tap du heu vdi miic y nghia 99%. He sd R^ ciia eac md hinh
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 • THANG 3/2020
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tuong img la 62%, 67% va 69% ed nghia 62% su bien ttiidn cua NB, 67% su bidn tiuen eua MI va 69% su bidn thidn ciia NB/TC la do cac ydu td ti-ong cac md hmh. Cae hd sd Durbm-Watson la 1.845, 1.839 va 1.821 chiing td eac md hinh khong ed hien tupng tu tuong quan [4]. Ben canh dd, eac hd sd phdng dai phuong sai (VIF) eua eac bidn trong eae md hinh nhd han nhidu so vdi 10 nen ed the ket luan cac bien dua vao cac md hinh khdng cd hien tugmg da cdng hiyen [4]. Ddi vdi md hinh (1) va (2), trong 10 bien dua vao md hinh thi cd 8 bien co y nghia tiidng kd (miic y nghia ti-en 90%) va 2 bien khong ed y nghia thdng ke, ed thd do miie bidn thidn cua cac ydu td nay thap.
Kdt qua phan tich eho tiiay, cae bien nhu chi phi gidng, thiic an, thdi gian nudi va ty le hao hut cd tuong quan nghieh vdi kdt qua CNGT, eu thd: vdi didu kidn e^e yeu td khac khdng thay ddi khi tSng 1 ngan ddng chi phi gidng se lam NB giam 0,588 ngan ddng, MI giam 0,584 ngan ddng/100 kg va lam giam hidu qua kinh te xap xi 10%. Khi tang 1 ngan ddng chi phi thiie an sd lam NB giam 0,665 ngan ddng, MI giam 0,664 ngan ddng/100 kg. He sd hdi quy rieng cua bidn gidng va thiic Sn kha nhd, chiing td ngudi chan nudi ca ban da dat duac eac tidu ehuan ky thu^t trong CNGT. Khi thdi gian nudi tang thdm 1 ngay se lam NB va MI giam khoang 8 ngan ddng/100 kg; khi ty le hao hut tang Idn 1% se lam NB giam gan 18 ngan ddng va MI giam khoang 25 ngan ddng/100 kg.
Ceic hd sd hdi quy ridng cua bien thdi gian nudi va ty le hao hut kha Idn, chiing to day la nhung yeu td cd tac ddng kha mgnh den ket qua CNGT. Ket qua nghien cuu cung cho thay, cac bien nhu trinh dd hpc v ^ , quy md nudi ed tuong quan thuan vdi kdt qua CNGT, eu the: khi trinh dd hpc van ciia ngudi nudi tang len 1 Idp thi NB tang 257 ngan ddng, MI tang 265 ngan ddng/100 kg; khi quy md tang len 100 con thi NB va MI tang Idn khoang 10 ngan ddng/100 kg, nhu vay hoat ddng CNGT trong dieu kidn hien tai la ed HQKT theo quy md. Ket qua tir md hinh (3) nhat quan vdi hai md hinh trude. Nhu vay, hau hdt cac bidn ddu tac ddng dting nhu ky vpng cung nhu eae kdt qua nghien eiiu trude day. Qua day ed the nit ra mdt sd khuydn cao vd mat chinh sach la dd tang hieu qua cic co sd nudi ga thit tren dia ban huyen Nho Quan, cac chinh sach nham lam giam chi phi vd gidng va thiic an la ed can cii khoa hpc. Ben canh dd, cae chuong trinh dao tao, cac khoa tap huan nham nang cao trinh dp cua chu co sd nudi ga ia can thidt.
Ngoai ra, cac chinh sach khuydn khich xay dung eae
md hinh chan nudi ban cdng nghiep va bao tdn giong ga Ri va Ri Lai se cd tac dung lam tang hieu qua kinh td nganh nudi ga thit trdn dia ban.
4. KET LUAN
Ket qua nghidn ciiu cho Ih^y hieu qua kinh td chan nudi ga thit cua nhdm hp nudi ban cdng nghidp cao ban so vdi nhom hp nudi theo hinh thuc cdng nghiep. Do cd cac didu kien nudi thuan loi hon nen nhdm hd chan nudi ga thit tai thi trSn Nho Quan cd hieu qua kmh td eao han nhdm hd d xa Ddng Phong va Ky Phil. Vi nhu e^u thi trudng cao hon va kha nang chdng chiu vdi cae dieu kipn khac nghiet tdt hon ndn ga Ri Lai cd hieu qua kinh te cao han Luong Phuong va Tam Hoang. Nhd tiet giam dupe chi phi chan nudi ndn nhdm hp nudi theo hinh thiic gia tr^i cd hidu qua eao hon nhom hd chan nudi theo hinh thiie trang trai va hd gia dinh.
Da tidn hanh mpt xay dung mdt md hinh hdi quy da bien vdi 10 bien Udn quan. Trong sd eac bidn dOc lap dua vao md hinh thi cd 8 bidn cd y nghia thdng kd (miic y nghia trdn 90%) va 2 bidn khdng cd y nghia thdng kd la ehi phi thude thii y va sd lan tap h u ^ , c6 thd do miic bidn thien cua cac ydu td nay thap. Kdt qua phan tich cho thay, cac bidn nhu chi phi gidng, thiie an, thdi gian nudi va ty le hao hut cd tuong quan nghich vdi kdt qua CNGT. Kdt qua nghidn ciiu cung cho thay, ede bien nhu trinh dp hpc v ^ , quy md nudi cd tuong quan thuan vdi kdt qua CNGT. Ddi vdi md hmh (3) ti-ong 10 bidn dua vao md hmh cd 8 bidn cd y nghia tiidng kd va 2 bien khdng ed y nghia tiidng ke la chi phi tiiudc thii y va sd lan tap huan. Kdt qua cua md hinh cimg cho thay, cac bien nhu con gidng, thdi gian nudi va ty Id hao hut ed tuong quan nghich, trong khi dd cac bien nhu trinh dp hpc van va quy md nudi la ed tuong quan thuan vdi HQKT CNGT.
Bdn canh dd, vdi do tin cay tren 95% HQKT CNGT theo hinh thiic BCN se cao hon hinh thiic CN. Nhu vay, tac ddng cua hau hdt cac bidn deu diing nhu ky vpng cung nhu tuong ddng vdi cac kdt qua nghidn cuu truoc day.
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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CHICKEN FARMS IN NHO QUAN DISTRICT, NINH BINH PROVINCE Duong Hoai An Summary
TTie current study uses data obtained from interviews with owners of chicken farms m Nho Quan distnct, Ninh Binh province in Vietnam and employs the cost-benefit analysis to examine economic efficiency of the forms. It also analyses the impact of influential factors on economic efficiency of the ferms using regression models. The results show that economic efficiency of farms with the semi-mtensive raising method is greater ttian that with the intensive-raising method. In addition, that of farms in Nho Quan town is greater than that in the other two study areas. Also, that of "Ri Lai" farms is greater than that of "Luong Phuong"
and Tam Hoang" farms and that of medium forms is greater than that of small and large farms. The regression results show that the impact of expenditure on breed and feeds, raising method and breed on economic efficiency of the forms is highly significant. However that of educabon of onwers, raising time, farm size and loss percentage is moderately significant.
Ifeywords: Chicken raising, Nho Quan, economic e^ciency, regression.
Ngudd phin bi$n: GS.TS. Nguydn VSn Song Ngaynh^nb^: 10/12/2019
Ngiy tiidng qua p h ^ bidn: 10/01/2020 Ngiy duy^t dang: 17/01/2020
N 6 N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 3/2020 97
