NGHIEN CtfU Lf L U A N
Phifdng phap day hpc bang tinh hudng trong giang day cac mon li luan chmh trj ol cac trifcing dai hpc, cao dang hien nay
Nguyen Thj Thd Hoc vien Thanh Thieu nien Viet Nam So 03 pho Chua Lang, Dong Oa, Ha NOI, Viet Nam Email, nguyeniho bg@gmail com
TOM TAT: Vin de doi mdi phUOng phip giing day d bac Dal hgc, cao ding noi Chung va d tdng mon hgc ndi rieng dang la doi hoi cap bich hien nay de ning cao chit luong dio tao nhan luc cho xa hdi. PhUOng phip day hgc bang tinh huong la mgt hUdng tiip can cua doi mdi phuang phap day hgc. Die trttng chung cua cic mdn hgc If luin chfnh td thudng mang tfnh khii quit hoi, trdu tuong hoi. Viec van dung phuong phap day hgc bang tinh huong trong giang day cic mdn If luin chinh tn se gdp phin ning cao chit IUOng giing day vi khi ning nhin thdo cua smh vien ve cic vin de If tuan chfnh tn.
TLl KHOA: Day hoc bang tinh huong; li luan chinh trt; dai hgc; cao dang.
"> Nhan b^i 09/3/2020 ^ Nlian bSi ffa chinh SLia 28/3/2020 -> Duyet iJang 05/5/2020.
1 . Dat van d e
Van de doi mai phuang phap (PP) giang day bac dai hgc (DH), cao dang noi chung va 6 tirng mon hgc noi rieng dang la doi hoi cap bach hien nay de nang cao chat lugng dao tao nhan luc cho xa hgi. De dap iing yeu cau doi moi PP day hgc (PPDH), tren ca so phat huy cac mat tich cue cija PPDH truyen thong, giang vien can tim toi van dung cac PPDH mai theo huong phat huy tinh tich cue, dgc lap, tang cuong cac hoat dgng tim toi - phat hien cua nguoi hgc. Hien nay, co nhieu PPDH tich cue dugc giang vien ap dung linh hoat, ket hap nhuan nhuyen nhieu PP de dat muc tieu day hgc. PPDH bang tinh huong la mgt huong tiep can Clia doi mot PPDH. Day hgc bang tinh huong nang eao kha nang thich iing tieh cue cua nguoi hgc voi nliirng yeu cau thirong xuyen doi moi cua tuoi trucmg thong qua viec giai quyet nhung tinh hu6ng dugc giang vien nghien ciiu, tong hgp trong thuc tien,
Dac tnmg chung eiia cac mon hge li luan chinh tri (LLCT) thuang mang tinh khai quat hoa, trim tugng hoa. De sinh vien (SV) c6 the hieu sau sac nhung ngi dung LLCT doi hoi mgt van de c6 tinh nguyen tac la trong qua trinh giang day can phai luon gan vai thue tien.
LLCT dirge khai quat tir thuc tien, cho nen neu khong dem tri thuc chinh tri do tra ve voi thuc tien thi no nhat dinh se mat di tinh thuyet phue va de hieu do! vol nguai hge. Cach giao due (GD) hieu qua nhat doi voi cac mon LLCT chinli la gan giang day LLCT vai thuc tien, thong qua thirc tien de tim nen nhirng chat lieu, PP giang day hieu qua va phii hgp doi voi SV. Trong do, PPDH bang tinh huong lam tang kha nang van dung mgt each sang tao nhung van de li luan vao giai quyet cac van de trong thue tiin chinh tri - xa hoi, Boi vay, viec thire hien PPDH bang tinh huong trong giang day cac mon LLCT se gop
phan nang cao chat lugng giang day va kha nang nhan thiic cua SV ve cae van de LLCT.
2. Npi d u n g n g h i e n cufu
2.1. Muc ffich, y nghia cua phiTdng phap day hqc bang tinh huong trong giang day cac mon li luan chmh trj Day hgc bang tinh huong la PPDH dua vao cac sir kien, sir viec da hoae dang dien ra trong thuc te. Phuong phap (PP) nay dua tren co so li thuyet kign tao va huong tai mue tieu: GD la sir chuan hi cho viec giai quyet cac tinh hu6ng cugc song. Hgc tap thong qua giai quyet cac tinh huong gnip SV tiep nhan tri thiic mgt each chu dgng, CO chien luge, co the van dung linh hoat nhiing kien thiic va ki nang da hge, phat trien kha nang giai quyet van de.
Day hgc theo tinh huong a cap do thap, SV dua vao li thuyet de phan tich tinh huong, hieu va phat hien dugc van de trong tinh huong. Giang vien la ngucri eung cap tri thiic, huang dan lam viec nhom mo phong quan he mang tinh xa hgi. Nhu vay, vai tro cua giang vien vin la chu dao. Ci cap do cao, vai tro cua giang vien chi la hucmg dan, con SV tiep thu, van dung kien thiic. Id nang th6ng qua lam viee nhom hoae tu dat minh vao tinh hu6ng dk giai quy^t vin de. Nhu vay, PP nay giup SV lam quen vai cac van de trong thuc tiln, phat trien kha nang tu duy, ren luyen kT nang phat hien va giai quySt vkn dk.
Van de co ban cua PPDH bang tinh hu6ng la phai tim dugc tinh huong tot. Tinh huong xuit phat tir thuc tg va dugc chinh sua de mang tinh dien hinh, phuc vu t6t cho muc tieu day hoc, co the giiip SV hieu va van dung tri thiie, ren luyen kT nang, kT xao. Thong qua lam viec vai cac tmh huong, SV phat trien cac thao tac tu duy phan tieh, t6ng hap, danh gia, so sanh va trinh bay duoc y tuong Clia minh, tir do van dung kiln thtic da lioc vao thuc tk. PPDH bang tinh hu6ng trong giang da . ac mon
Nguyen Thj Thd
LLCT la PPDH tich cue, huong den sir phat trien eua ngucri hgc. PP nay co nhilu uu di6m, qua do gop phkn nang cao hieu qua hgc tap:
- SV khong chi tiep nhan ngi dung bai hgc qua li thuyet ma qua nhung tinh huong cu the, dien hinh. Qua do, SV se hieu va ghl nho kien thiic sau sac hon. PP nay giiip nguoi hge de hieu va de nho cac van de li luan phiie tap, han lam. Thong qua tinh huong dugc phan tich, thao luan, SV CO the nit ra nhirng kien thiic li luan bo ich va each xu li cac tlnh huong do trong thuc tien.
- SV dugc phat trien kha nang tu duy, sang tao, nang cao kha nang thich iing trong cac tinh huong khac nhau nay sinh trong thuc ti6n. PP nay kliac phue duge han chS trong PP giang day truyen thong la qua trinh tiep nhan thong tin dien ra gan nhu mgt ehieu giiia giang vien va SV. Trong do, giang vien la nguoi truyen dat tri thiie, SV la nguai tikp nhan thu dgng tri thiie do. PPDH bang tinh huong tao ra moi truong hgc tap tich cue, co su tuong tac gifia hgc vien va giang vien, giua cae hgc vien vai nhau.
- Lap hgc luon hap dan, soi noi, kich thich kha nang tim toi, nghien ciiu tai lieu, hgc tap kinh nghiem tir thue tien va nhiing nguoi xung quanh, PPDH bang tinh huong giiip SV CO kha nang nghien ciiu va hoc tap suot doi, tang cuong kha nang tu dinh huong trong hgc t^p cua SV. Thong qua viec phan tich va thao luan van de, SV hoc dugc each tiep can va giai quyet cac van de khac nay sinh trong tuong lai, biet each tim kiem thong tin va tro thanh ngucri c6 the tu dinh huang hgc tap va nghien ciiu sau khi da tot nghiep.
- PPDH bang tinh huong se ren luyen nhieu Id nang eho SV: lam viec nhom, thuyet trinh, phan tich... Day la nhimg kl nang quan trong gnip nguai hgc co the thanh cong trong tuong lai, PP nay giiip ngucri hge biet van dung linh hoat li thuyet de giai quylt cac tinh huong thue tiln, biet phan bien, hao ve quan diem ca nhan, biet lang nghe va ton trgng y kiln cua nguoi khac dl lam phong ph6 von kien thiic ciia minh. Qua do, giup SV tu tin, thich ling nhanh vai moi truong lam viec sau nay.
- PPDH nay gop phin nang cao chit lugng dao tao, dap ling yeu cau ngay cang cao ctia GD hien dai. Hien nay, tinh hinh thuc tien luon thay doi va van dgng, nhieu van de moi, phirc tap nay sinh, tham chi ehua timg eo tien le, Bai vay, kien thiic li thuyet GD trong nha trucmg khong bao gio la du doi vai mgt nguai hoat dgng thuc tien. Do do, PPDH bang tinh huong ren luyen cho cac em ki nang de SV khi ra trucmg eo the linh hoat van dung, giai quyet nhieu tinh huong. Chit lugng nguon nhan lire sau khi ra truong se dugc nang len, dap iing duge eae yeu cau cua thoi ki mai.
2.2. Oac tri/ng cua tinh huong trong giang day cac mon li luan chinh trj
Cac tinh huong dugc su dung frong giang day cae mon
nhiing dac trung nay de ldu lua ehon tinli hufing va giai quyet tinh huong dam bao la nhiing tinh hu6ng hay, kich thich duge kha nang tu duy ciia ngucri hgc:
- Thu nhat, tinh huong ma giang vien dua ra phai chua dung yeu to mai ma SV ehua biet. Cai mcri nay g5n voi ngi dung, muc tieu eiia bai giang. Dilu can luu y la giang vien dua ra cac tinh huong voi miie do dl, kho phii hgp de SV CO the giai quyet dugc, Cae tinh huong phai tang dan mirc do kho va co moi lien he voi nhau dl SV c6 sir suy luan, hieu van de. Neu van de o mirc don gian va viec giai quylt no qua de dang thi kho co the kich thich dugc himg thii, sir sang tao cua SV. Trai lai, nlu vin dl qua kho ma SV kliong thi giai quyet dugc thi ho se ehan nan. Nhu vay, tinh huong c6 v&n de vira co eai moi, vira nam trong pham vi tri thiic ma SV da va dang dugc hgc.
- Thii hai, tinh huong phai dgc dao, hap dan, gan voi thirc tien cua doi song xa hgi hien thuc, mang tinh thoi su va lien quan tai nhiing ngi dung mon hgc dang ban den, PPDH bang tinh huong la each thiic day hgc ma thong qua giai quyet tinh huong de SV Hnh hgi cac kien thiic li luan. Boi vay, tinh huong phai mang tinh thuc tien nhung phai phii hgp voi ngi dung bai hge. Neu thieu mgt trong hai yeu to nay thi tinh huong khong dam bao chat lugng de dua vao giang day,
- Thir ba, tinh huong phai dam bao tinh chinh xae, khoa hgc. Viec dua nhung kien thiic khoa hgc ciia cae mon LLCT phai dam bao tinh chinh xae, khoa hoc, khong dugc gay tranh cai hoae sai lech kien thuc. Viee lira ehgn sir kien, sir lien he giira cac su kien voi kien thiic khoa hge phai eo tinh tuong quan hgp li va eo tinh he thong.
2.3. Cac b\i6c thiTc hien phUdng phap day hpc blng tinh huong trong giang day cac mon 11 luan chinh trj
Bu&c J: Gidng vien cdn xdc dinh muc deu ciia budi hgc
Giang vien can xae dinh muc tieu cua buoi hoc, xae dinh ngi dung kien thtic can truyen dat ve mat li thuyet cho hoc vien la gi. Tren co so do, giang vien lira chgn nhiing tinh huong phii hgp de thong qua giai quyet tinh huong. SV CO the tiep thu dugc nhung ngi dung co ban cua buoi hoc,
Btr&c 2: Lua chgn tinh hudng
Trong thue te, tinh huong rat da dang, tren nhieu linh vue, do la thuc te cugc song ma nguoi quan li phai giai quyet. Vay trong giang day, giang vien can lira chgn tinh huong nhu the nao de dam bao yeu eau eiia giang day va hgc tap CO hieu qua? Co nhiing Ioai tinh huong sau day:
- Lira chgn tinli huong thuc: La nhirng tinh huong dien ra tren thirc te da dugc giai quyet va da dugc diic ket thanh kinh nghiem. Vai PP nay, ban than ngucri giang vien phai tham nhap thuc te, quan sat, theo doi, phan tich, xir li thong tin de due ket su kien thanh tinh huong.
Day la tinh huong sinh dgng nhat va co nhieu tac dung So 29 thang 5/2020 27
NGHIEN COTULfLUAN
nhat trong giang day.
- X a y dung tinh huong gia dinh: Cflng la tinh hu6ng xuat phat tir thuc tiln nhung nguai ta khong liy nguyen ven nhung su kien cu thi ma tii nhilu tinh hulng tucmg tir xay dung nen mgt tinh huong gia dinh gom nhilu vin de de SV giai quyet. PP nay da nang len mgt buoe so voi PP lua ehgn tinh hulng thuc. No dugc phan tich dl xu li nang len a mgt trinh do khai quat va diln hinh. D6i voi giang vien, PP nay do eo sir chuin bi ki nen tinh chu dgng eao hon, phan tieh sau sac hon nhung khong sinh ddng bang PP lira chgn tinh huong thuc.
- Tinh huong do SV dl xuat: SV hien nay dugc tilp xiic vai rat nhieu nguon thong tin da dang, co the trong qua trinh hgc tap, SV se hoi nhiing tinh huong ma duoc nghe, dugc dgc hoae duge chiing kien.
Loai tinh hulng nay thuong rat sinh dgng nhung do chua CO su chuan bi truoc nen co the thieu dir lieu, thilu van ban phap li de lam co so eho viec giai quylt, Hon niia, can phai eo sir kiem chimg nguon thong tin ciia SV.
Tuy nhien, day la tinh hudng can luu y khai thae.
Bie&c 3: Ggi y cdc hu&ng gidi quyit
Sau khi dua ra tinh huong, giang vien se ggi y cae huang giai quyet. Giang vien can eung cap cae kien thiic ve mat li thuyet eo lien quan den tinh huong, giai thich that chi tiet tinh hulng dl SV hilu ro cae van de can giai quyet, tir do dua ra huang thao luan ve tinh huong, giiip SV di vao ngi dung chinh ve tinh huong de cap den, hucmg dan SV tham gia vao tinh huong ngay ca khi hgc vien khong co mgt su chuin bi nao cung co the tham gia thao luan dugc.
Bu&c 4: Phdn cdng cdc nhom de thdo ludn vd trinh bdy ket qud
Chia hgc vien thanh nhom de thao luan. Neu ro nhiem vu ma nhom can phai hoan thanh, thoi gian va each thirc lam viec ciing nhu trinh bay ket qua. Tiiy theo dieu kien ve phuong tten vat chat, thoi gian ma giang vien quyet dinh each trinh bay ket qua eua cac nhom cho phii hgp nhu thuyet trinh ket hgp ghi y kien len bang hoae trinh chieu slide... Sau khi danh thoi gian cho cac nhom lam viec dge lap, giang vien mai cac nhom len trinh bay ket qua lam viec cua nhom. Ca lop thao luan ve cac y kien da trinh bay, bo sung y kien theo quan diem cua nliom minli, Giang vien huong dan, eung cap them nhiing thong tin bo trg de dam bao viec thao luan thanh eong. Khi cac hgc vien thao luan, giang vien co the ghi chep lai, tom tat nhimg gi da dat dugc, dua them nhiing cau hoi huong hgc vien chuyen tai muc tieu cuoi eiing cua tinh huong.
Bu&c 5: Gidng vien tdng kit, nhdn xet vd ddnh gid cdc nhdm
Sau khi ghi nhan cac y kien cua cac nhom, tirng thanh vien trong nhom. Giang vien se dua vao do danh gia van dl dang thao luan, tong ket tinh huong, nit ra cac ket luan, cac giai phap c6 Hen quan den ngi dung li thuyet
mon hgc. Co the co nhiing van de khong m iket qua nhu mong muln, co nhiing vin de co kci qua dung sai ro rang, giang vien se la nguai kit luan vc tinh huong do de giup hgc vien co thi hilu ro hon each thiic giai quyet ciia minh.
2.4. Mpt so giai phap d l thifc hien co hi§u qua phUtfng ph^p day hoc bang tinh huong trong giang day cac mon li luan chinh trj hien nay
Xu thi h6i nhap kinh tl cua Viet Nam ngay cang sau rgng, do vay viec dli moi PP giang day nham dap iing tit nhu ciu nguin nhan luc chit lugng cao de phue yu sir nghiep phat triln kinh tl eiia dit nucrc la yeuciu cip thilt hien nay, Chinh vi vay, viec lira chgn triet li GD eung cip cho nguoi hgc kl nang xii li cac van de nay sinh trong cugc song, cong viec hon la cung cap kien thiie cho nguoi hge la mgt lua ehgn thong minh trong qua trinh doi moi can ban va toan dien GD trong tinh hinh mm. Neu truoc day, uu tien sl mgt cua GD la trang bi kiln thiic cho nguoi hgc, giiip nguoi hgc ghl nha dugc mgt lugng kien thiie toi da trong kha nang cua hg thi ngay nay, cac phuong tien lun trii thong tin (may tinh, internet...) san sang cung cap thong tin mgt each nhanh chong cho con nguoi. Do do, uu tien so ragt ciia nguai hgc khong phai la ghi nha tri thiic ma la nhanh chong tiep can, van dung tri thiic mcri va sang tao ra tri thiic moi. Truoc tlnh hinh do, doi hoi phai doi mai GD DH noi chiing va doi moi PP giang day cac mon LLCT noi rieng la yeu ciu ciia hgi nhap, trong do PPDH bang tinh huong da dugc chimg minh la PP mang lai hieu qua cao, phu hgp tinh hinh hien nay. D I nang cao hieu qua PPDH bang tinh huong trong giang day cac mon LLCT hien nay, can thirc hien tot mgt so giai phap sau:
2.4.1. Giang vien can bam sat cac noi dung trong giao trinh, bam sat thi/c tien tinh hlnh chinh trj ~ kinh te - xa hpi cua the gi6i ndi Chung va dat nU6c noi rieng hien nay de xay dpng tinh huong Hien nay, tinh hinh thuc tien luon van dgng va bien doi khong ngirng. Boi vay, tang cucmg gan li luan voi thuc tien trong qua trinh giang day bang tinh hulng la mgt yeu cau bat bugc doi vol giang vien. Boi vi, xet vl ban chat, li iuan dugc hinh thanh tir thuc tiln nen viec gin ii luan vol thuc tien trong giang day khong chi giiip ngucri hgc de hilu bai, thay dugc vai tro cua li iuan dli voi thuc tien va moi lien he giira chiing, ma con giiip hg lam quen viec gin li luan voi thuc tien ngay klii dang con ngii fren ghl nha trudng. Do cung chinh la each gin hge vdi hanh, khac phuc tinh trang ap dung H luan, li thuylt mgt each giao dllu, rap khudn, may mdc. Suy cho ciing, viec bilt van dung li luan, li thuyet vao thuc tiln chinh la muc dieh cao nhat va la gia tri dich thirc cua sir hgc, la mdt trong nhQng tieu chi quan trgng de danh gia hieu qua ciia hoat dgng GD, dao tao.
Nguyin Thi ThO
De gan dugc li luan vdi thuc tien trong giang day bang tinh hudng, giang vien phai cd von thuc tiln rgng, phong phli (thuc tien ciia nganh, cua dat nudc, cua the gidi), ma mudn CO thuc tien nay, giang vien phai ed dc quan sat, thu thap thong tin tir thirc tien, tir cugc sdng bang nhilu phuang tien, bien phap khac nhau (dgc, nghe, nhln, true tiep, gian tiep). Tuy nhien, thue tien khdng bao gid diing im, no la mgt qua trinh ludn van dgng va phat trien, rat da dang, phong phii va nhieu ehieu. Vi vay, giang viSn phai bilt phan tich, chgn Igc, tdng hgp, khai quat, nghia la phai xir li tdt thong tin de tim ra nhiing thue tien phii hgp, dien hinh, phd bien, cap nhat va sinh dgng. Dong thdi, giang vien phai biet each gan li luan vdi thue tiln, hiet each khai thae thuc tien tir cac khia canh khac nhau, tranh tinh trang sii dung nhiing thue tien so sai, vun vat, don le, khong mang tinh phd biln hoae lam dung, sa da vao thue tien (bien gio hgc thanh budi ndi chuyen thdi su hoae ke chuyen phiem) ma xem nhe viec eung cap nhung tri thue khoa hgc, nhiing li luan, li thuyet can va du cho ngudi hgc.
Trong diln bien tinh hinh thuc tiln kinh te - chinh tri - xa hgi d Viet Nam ndi rieng va the gidi noi ehung, giang vien can CO sir danh gia, nhan thiic dugc nhung gia tri cot ldi ciia chii nghia Mae, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh va chu truong dudng loi each mang ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam de dua ra cac tinh huong mang tinh thdi su, cap nhat tinh hinh thuc tiln lien quan den ndi dung cac mon LLCT. Dong thdi, can trang bi cho ban than thai do tich cue hgc hoi, c6 de sang tao, kha nang quan sat, danh gia, tdng hgp de dua ra cac tinh hudng co vin de va sir li giai xae thue, khoa hgc, each mang de eo the dinh hudng each giai quyet van de cho eae tinh hudng thuyet phuc, khoa hgc.
2.4.2. Giang uien can khai Ihac tinh van de cua tinh huong mot each kheo leo
Hien nay, SV la rihiing ngudi tre, nang dgng, dugc tiep can nhieu nguon thdng tin, De dap iing duge yeu cau eiia ngudi hgc, cac tinh huong dua ra phai la nhirng tinh huong hay, eo van de de kich thieh kha nang tu duy, sang tao cua SV. Tinh huong c6 van de la tinh hudng chiia dung nhiing mau thuan tao ra tam li d ngudi hgc muon tim tdi, kliam pha, suy nghi de giai quylt. Tinh huong can chira dung nhiing mau thuan giira thuc tiln va hinh do nhan thirc cua ngudi hpc. Tinh huong cang mau thuan, cang gay kho khan, trd ngai giiia cai da biet va cai phai tim se cang kich thich tu duy cua chii thi nhan thiic, Khai thae tinh van de ciia tlnh hudng ddi hdi eao su kheo leo va linh hoat eua ngudi day. Trong d6, mau thuin cua tinh hudng phai gay dugc cam xiic cho ngudi hge. Qua dd, ngudi hgc dugc khae sau kiln thiic va tu ban than se CO sir trai nghiem va tich luy, ITnh hdi hi thiic mdi hi viee giai quylt yin dl.^ Giang vien ein eung cip mot lugng
*i,A„„*;„^s,,*'.^i_™.x:i,._....-., ; i dlduocdua
ra khdng vugt qua vdn tri thiic eua hg.
2.4.3. Giang uien can tdng ket, xay dpng ngan hang tinh huong trong giang day cac mon 11 luan chinh tri
Trudc yeu cau ngay cang cao ciia viec day va hgc hien nay d eae trudng DH, cao dang, cae giang vien nen tiln hanh bien soan ngan hang tinh hudng de phuc vu cho eong tac giang day. Viec bien soan mgt tinh hudng khdng dl dang, doi hdi phai dau tu ca thdi gian va cong sire, Tuy nhien, lgi ich lau dai ciia hoat dgng nay la rat ldn vi no dam bao tmh lien tuc va dn dinh cho viec phat triln thanh chucmg trinh tinh huong de giang day trong dai han.
PP giang day nay yeu cau rat cao dli vdi giang vien.
Giang vien can co sy tam huyet doi vol nghi, luon tran trd, suy nghi va tim tdi. Vi vay, giang vien ein dau tu Sim tam cac tu lieu, trai nghiem cugc sdng nhieu han, cd kha nang tu duy khai quat cac tinh hudng thuc tiln thanh cac tinh hudng su pham tdt nhat. Ngudi day ed sir tim tdi, tich liiy von thdng tin, kien thiic thue te phong phu la mot trong nhung chat lieu quan trong de cd the dua ra cac tmh hudng co vin de mang tinh thai sir, hap din, sat thuc va cd siic Idi cudn ngudi hge trong cac bai giang. De co duge dieu nay, giang vien can: thu thap, cap nhat thudng xuyen thdng tin tir sach tu heu, mang intemet, cac bai bao, tap chi cd uy tin. Day la ngudn eung cap tinh hudng kha phong phli nhung can dieu ehinh de phii hgp vdi ngi dung bai giang. Giang vien can tdng ket va xay dung ngan hang tmh hudng chung giiia cac giang vien chuyen mdn; Lien he, tham khao vdi cae chuyen nganh dao tao trong trudng de tao nen nhiing tinh hulng cd kien thirc hen mon va gan vdi chuyen nganh cua SV; Tieh Ifly nhiing y tu'dng, thae mac ciia ngudi hgc ve cac hien tugng, sir kien kinh te - chinh tri - xa hgi de xay dung cac tinh huong thiet thirc, phii hgp va mang tinh thdi su.
2.4.4. Giang vien can phat huy tdi da tinh tich cpc, sang tao cua ngPdi hoc, tao dieu kien cho ngPiii hpc hoat dpng Tren thuc te, trong qua trinh day hgc, ngudi hge vira la ddi tugng eua hoat ddng day viia la chii the cua hoat dgng hgc. Thdng qua hoat dgng hgc, dudi sir chi dao cua giang vien, ngu'di hgc phai tich cue chii dong cai bien chlnh minh ve kien thuc, kT nang, thai do, hoan thien nhan each, khdng ai lam thay cho minh duge. Vi vay, neu ngudi hgc khdng tu giac ehii dgng, khdng chiu hgc, khdng cd PP hgc tot thi hieu qua cua viec day se rat han che.
Ngudi day can khoi day su ham thich hgc tap, tinli chii dgng sang tao ciia ngudi hgc, lam cho ngudi hgc tiep nhan mau thuan eiia tinh hudng, tim ra ldi giai eho van de trong tinh huong va thu dugc tri thii'c moi cho ban than. Ngudi day chi ddng vai trd td chiic, dieu khien, ggi y va dua ra ket luan cudi cimg. Cu the, giang vien can' tao biu khdng khi than thien, thoai mai nhung nghiem tiic cho ngudi hgc tu do neu phuong an giai quyet van So 29 thang 5/2020 29
NGHIEN cufu LILUAN
de; Phdi hgp cac hinh thirc td chuc day hgc dl tang tmh nang dgng d ngudi hge; Sir dung cac phuong tign day hgc tham gia giai quyet tinh hudng.
Khi da eoi trgng vi tri hoat dgng va vai trd eiia ngudi hgc thi duong nhien phai phat huy tinh tieh cue chu ddng cua ngudi hgc. Tuy nhien, day hgc liy hgc sinh lam trung tam khong phai la mgt PPDH cu thi. Do la mgt Ur hrdng, quan diem GD, mgt each tilp can qua trinh day hge ehi phdi tat ea qua trinh day hgc ve muc tieu, ngi dung, PP, phuong tien, to chiic, danh gia... chii khdng phai chi lien quan den PP day va hgc.
2.4.5. Phat buy toi da hieu qua cua cac phPOng tien day hpc Hien nay, hau het cac trudng DH, cao ding dlu dugc trang bi day du eae phuong tien day hgc hien dai. Day la dieu kien rit quan trong dl cac giang vien cd thi sir dung nhieu PPDH tich cue, hudng vao hoat dgng tieh cue, chu dgng cua ngudi hge. Trong giang day bang tinh hudng, giang vien can phat huy tli da hieu qua eua cae phuang tien day hgc: nhu thilt kl tinh hudng tren cac phan mem va dimg cac thiet bi trinh ehieu da phuang tien de tai hien tinh huong mang tinh true quan va sinh ddng, hap dan ddi vai ngudi hgc, hoae sir dung cac phim tu lieu, phim tai lieu, tranh anh... co lien quan de tang tuih sinh dgng cua tinh hudng. Dieu do gdp phan nang eao hieu qua giai quyet tinh hudng, tang tinh sinh dgng, hap din cita bai giang, ldi cuon SV ling nghe. Qua dd, gdp phin nang
cao chat lugng day va hge.
3. Ket luan
Thong qua PPDH bing tinh hulng, khoang each li thuylt va thue tl dugc nit ngin dang ke, SV khdrig con de dat, e ngai trong viec chia se nhirng \-u6ng mac can trao doi, thao go dl lam viec dugc tdi hon Su da dang cua cac tinh huong duge dua len khong chi khuyen khich ngudi hgc phat huy tinh ehu ddng, 6c sang tao ma cdn dem din su thoai mai, sang khoai ve mat tinh than khi hgc tap. YIU fd nay giiip ngudi hgc ed the tilp thu ngi dung kiln thiie eiia cac mon LLCT dugc dl dang, sau va nhd lau hon eae PP giang day truyin thing. PP giang day nay ddi hdi sir thay dli tich cue ciia ca giang vien va SV:
Giang vien cin dua cac tinh huong thuc tiln bam sat cac ndi dung trong giao trinh dl dam bao ngi dung trgng tam ciia mon hgc; Can khai thae tinh vin de cua tinh hudng mgt each kheo leo va linh hoat; Tdng ket, xay dung ngan hang tinli hudng; Can phat huy tinh tich cue, sang tao cua ngudi hgc, tao dieu kien cho ngudi hgc hoat dgng va phat huy tdi da hieu qua ciia cac phuong tien day hgc.
Dac biet, trude yeu eau hgi nhap kinh te qudc te hien nay, yeu cau nang cao chat lugng dao tao ngudn nhan luc thi PPDH bang tinh hudng la mgt giai phap hieu qua de dap img dugc nhiing yeu cau dd. Van dung tdt PP nay trong giang day se gdp phin nang cao chit lugng giang day va hgc tap tai cac trudng DH, cao dang hien nay.
Tai lieu tham kliao
[1] Bemd Meier, Nguyin Van Circmg (2016), Li ludn dgy hgc hien dgi, NXB Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi.
[2] Dang Vii Hoat - Ha Thi Diic, (2003), Li ludn dgy hgc &
dgi hgc, NXB Dai hoc Sir pham Ha N91
[3] Nguyin Van Ho, (2002), Li luan day hoc, NXB Giao due.
Ha Noi.
[4] Nguyen Thi Phuong Hoa, (2010), Sir diingphucmg phdp imh huong trong gidng dgy mon Gido diiC hgc tgi Tru&ng
Dgi hoc Ngogi ngir - Dgi hgc Quoc gia Hd Not, De tai cSp c a s a .
[5] Nguyin Xuan Thiic, (2013), Gido trinh Tdm 11 hgc dai cuong, NXB Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi.
[6] Tnrang l i t Thing - Vii Thi Bich Ngoc, (2015), Mgt so gidi phdp doi m&i phucmg phdp gidng dgy mdn Chii nghia Mdc - Linin & cdc tru&ng dai hgc hien nay. Tap chi Giao due li luan, s l 230, tr.l06 -108.
APPLICATION OF SITUATIONAL TEACHING METHOD
IN TEACHING POLITICAL THEORY SUBJECTS AT UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES NOWADAYS
Nguyen Thi Tho Vietnam Youth Academy 03 Chia Lang, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam Email nguveitho.bg@gmail,com
ABSTRACT: The Innovation of teaching methods at universities and colleges in general and in each subject in particular is an urgent requirement today to improve the quality of human resource training for society The method of situation-problem teaching is proposed as an approach to innovate teaching methods. General characteristics of political theory subjects are generalized and abstract concept. The application of situational teaching methods in teaching political theory subjects will contribute to improving the quality of teaching and raising students' awareness of political theoretical issues.
KEYWORDS: Situational teaching method; palitical theory; university; colleges.
