NHIN LAI Q N G DOI CUA CHINH QUYEN SIAM v d l THLfC DAN PHAP DUCJI THCJI VUA
MONGKUT (1851-1868)
NGUYEN TIEN DUNG*
T
rong qua trtoh xdm nhdp va "md ctta" Siam giai doan ntta cuoi th6' ky XIX, Phdp Id nttdc di sau Anh vd My, nhttng CO t h e thSiy rang, dttfli thtti tri vi ctta nhd vua Mongkut (1861-1868), qud'c gia ndy cung dttOc xem Id mgt trong nhttng "trong tam" trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Siam. Khi ludn giai ve stt thdnh c6ng ctta Siam trong tie'n t n n h bao vd an ninh va doc lap ddn toc, phan 1cm cdc hoc gia trong nttdc vd quoc te cho rang sd di Siam CO the gitt gin chu quyen cua minh la do vi t r i "vung dem" ctta quoc gia nay n a m gitta h a i th§' Ittc cua Anh va Phdp, cung nhtt t a n dung tot stt mau thuan, t r a n h gidnh a n h httdng ldn nhau gitta cac nttdc de qu6'c t r e n ban dao Trung - An.Cttng vdi nhttng ttng doi khon ngoan, dung dan cua Siam vdi thttc ddn Anh"', bdi vid't nay nhin n h a n lai nhuMg ttng dd'i mSm deo, Iinh hoat cua chinh quyen Siam vdi thttc dan Phdp dttdi thdi tri vi cua nhd vua Mongkut thay vi quan digm cho rang vi tri dia ly la nhdn to chinh yeu gittp Siam thodt khoi t h a n p h a n thugc dia thdi k^ nay.
1. Hi$p vtSc Phap-Siam n a m 1856 va nhfing "nhtfdng bp" c i a Siam tr§n k h i a c a n h t o n giao
Ld quSc gia "de'n sau" va du khdng thS canh tranh dttflc vdi Anh tren phttong dien thttdng mai, song ngay ttt diu, Phdp dttge chinh quyen Siam ddnh cho stt trong thj ldn, n h a vua Mongkut dd thie't lap mdi quan h$ thdn thiSn vdi dat nttdc nay. Nam 1856, Hodng de Napoleon III cua Phdp da ctt phdi vien de'n Siam d l tdi thie't lap quan he ngoai giao vd ddm phdn hiSp ttdc.
Nguon stt bien nien cua Siam cho biet ro diSu ndy: "Vao thang 8 (tinh theo lich Siam), Hoang de Napoleon III cua Phdp da p M duyet M. Charles Louis Nicholas MarimiUan de Montigny Id stt gia cua Phdp de'n Siam. Stt doan di tren ba chiec tau la Catinat, Marceau va Capricieu. Ten ngttdi chi huy tau la Dooddoohwce... Vao thtt Nam, ngay 8 thdng 8 (tinh theo lich Siam), nha vua da ctt mot chiec thuyen hd tdng Montigny vd cdc quy tgc Phap khdc dd'n Bangkok'^!. Vdo thtt Hai, ngay 12 thang 8 (tuih theo lich Siam)", hg da dd'n noi trdn chiec tdu Marceau. Ca hai phia dd
, M„,vSr, Tiin Dun.. NCS. Khoa Lich stt, TrUdng Dai hoc KHXH&NV-BHQGHN.
50
bSn 21 phdt dai bac b6n canh viSc kdo qud'c k J cua m6i bdn de chdo mttng"'^'.
Phdi dodn ddm phdn ctta Phdp dd dttflc chinh quyln Siam ddnh cho stt trong thi ldn vd dttdc tiSp ddn trang trgng d Bangkok. Nguon stt bidn nidn cua Siam cho biet thdm: "ThM gian nay, nhttng ngdi nha gach ddnh cho stt dodn nttdc ngoai da dttflc sfl dodn Anh stt dung. Nhung ngdi nhd khac ddnh cho stt dodn nttdc ngoai dttge lam bkng cac cdnh cg va xdy dttng d bd sdng Phadunkrunkaseem dttge xem Id khdng trang trpng dd'i vdi stt doan Phdp.
Cho ndn, stt dodn Phap dttge sap xd'p IttU tru tai khu nha khach trong dinh thtt cua vi Somdet gid"*'''.
Sau nhOng nghi thflc ngoai giao tid'p sfl thdng thttdng, "nhd vua Mongkut dd chi dinh mdt hdi ddng dam phdn dai dien cho dng de thttong thao hiep ttdc vdi Montigny.
Cdc thdnh vidn trong h^i d6ng dam phdn cua Siam Id: Hoang than Krom Luang Wongsa, Somdet tre, Bd trttdng Bg Chie'n tranh (Kralahom), Bd trttdng Bd Tdi chinh (Phrakalang) va Bd trttdng Bd Ngi vu.
Tong cdng la 6 ngttdi""^'.
Chi trong it ngdy thttong thao, Hidp ttdc Phap vd Siam nhanh chdng dttflc thdng qua, thttc td' thi "... cdc cudc ddm phdn hiep ttdc dttdc tid'n hdnh tai tda cung dien cu. HiSp ttdc gom cd 32 dieu khodn.
Vdo ngdy k^ kdt vd ddng ddu hiep ttdc, 21 phat dai bdc chao mttng da dttge ban tai phdo ddi Widchajeentharaprasid cua Siam, vd phia Phdp cung ban 21 phdt dai bac chdo mttng ttt UiuySn chid'n cua miJih"'^'. Nhtt vdy, vdi tdng cdng 32 dilu khoan, hi$p ttdc gitta Phap v i Siam nam 1856 cd sd dilu khodn gSp gan 3 lan so vdi
Nghien cUu BSng Nam A, sH 612016
hi?p ttdc md Sasm d t ky v«i A r i h . ? ^ 1855, song ve co bdn, lial b i n hl^P i ^ # ndi dung tttdng ttt HMfi. tteo 46, Siiw, •!]
ddng t vd cho phep Plidp l i p t b a lSnh.SV d Bangkok, cdc cdng d t o Phdp dttachttS^, quyln lanh sii tdi phdn; ngttW Phdp cd J quyln ctt trtt vd sd hOu dat dai trong p h j m : ^ vi lanh thS nhtt ngttdi Anh; thuS nh^p j khfo cua Phdp vdo Slam cung chi phdi , nh^n mdt iSn vd khdng vttflt qud S*...*"
Dtt cd nhttng tttong dSng v l ndi dung gitta HiSp ttdc Anh-Siam n a m 1855 va Hiep ttdc Phap-Siam n a m 1856, song n &
nhtt quan hd Anh-Siam n6i trdi trSn phttdng didn thttdng mai, thi ndt ddc trUng trong quan hd Phap-Siam la vdh de liSn quan dd'n ttt do tdn gido. Tren thttc t l , "cdc nhd truyen gido ngttdi Phdp dttge ttt do xdy trttdng hgc, tu vidn vd nhd thd, mac du vua vd trieu dinh v i n Id nhulig Ph^t ttt nhiSt thanh""". Tuy nhien, ngay ttt khi nhd vua Mongkut mdi ten d m quyln thi d Siam da cd khoang 7.000 tin dd theo dao Co ddc Vua Mongkut cd thai do dn hda vdi nhuHg tin dd Cd ddc, ddc biSt dng danh gid cao nhang ddi hdi cua hg trong vide duy tri nhttng luat dinh nghiem k h i c v l dao dttc, mdc du, mdt trong nhulig ndi dung cua ludt dinh ndy dd tan cdng trttc didn vdo c h i dd da thd trong vttong qud'c cua dng. NhQng n l Ittc cdi dao tin d l Phdt gido ttt phia cdc nhd tmyen giao Cfl dd'c chtta bao gid khid'n Mongkut lo lang. Ngttgc lai, dng cdn hi vgng cac tin d l P h a t gido co t h i cdi dao ngttdc trd lai dd'i vdi cac nhd truyln giao phttdng Tdy. Nhtt n l Ittc ctta ho trong vide cdi dao nhd vua Mongkut da dttge dng bdy td: "Mac du b a n ndn thttc hdnh nghi 11 rtta tdi a todn bd Siam, nhttng toi thl se khdng bao gid phai rila tOi"<"
Nguyin Tien Dung - Nhin lai ling doi cua chtnh quyen Siam... 51
2. X u n g q u a n h v 6 i d i l a n h q u y l n biftn gioS p h i a D d n g c u a S i a m
tfng doi cua Siam vdi Phdp dttdi thdi Mongkut khdng chi n i l bdt v l cdc chinh sach lien quan dS'n tdn gido, md "ndi cdm"
trong quan hd hai nttdc cdn Id cdc vSn d l v l lanh quyen hien gidi dgc theo td ngan sdng Mekong d Laos vd ddc biet la Campuchia. N a m 1860, sau khi ke't thuc ChiS'n t r a n h N h a phiS'n l i n thtt 2 (1856- 1860) va huge Trung Qud'c phai dtta ra nhilu nhfldng bg, trong khi Anh gia tdng anh httdng cua minh d phia Tdy cua bdn ddo Trung-An, thl P h a p cttng d i y m a n h hoat ddng bdnh trttdng cua minh d Dong Dttong. Thttc tS' thi dilu nay dd gdy nen rat n h i l u xdo trdn dd'i vdi dia-chinh tri khu vttc, "ban do chinh tri khu vttc Ddng Nam A trd n e n vd cung chong chdo vd phttc t a p vdi dttdng bidn gidi dai vdo loai bdc n h a t trSn the gidi (ngoai trtt chau Au va phia Tay chdu Phi). Dien mao dttdng bidn ctta Myanmar, Thdi Lan, Ldo, Campuchia vd ViSt Nam bi chia cat ma khdng tudn theo nhung phdn dinh v l dia Unh. Bien gidi phdn dinh d Ddng Nam A luc dia Id san p h a m t r a n h chap cua Anh vd Phap"'^'". Dilu hien nhien Id, trong the cudc thttc ddn Anh da banh trttdng manh me 4 Trung Hoa vd vung lanh tho phia Ddng cua An Do, thi khdng cdn cdch nao khdc, Phap budc phai md rdng the' Ittc cua minh d khu vttc Dong Dttong. Dttdi each nhto cua ngttdi Phap thi "song Cttu Long se khang dinh cho stt hien dien cua ngttdi Phdp tai khu vttc ma hg ggi la ban ddo Hoa-An (Indo - Chine), mgt danh xttng cM vung lanh t h l d Ddng Nam A nam kep gitta An Dd va Trung Hoa. Dbng sdng
mang lai cho the Ittc ctta Phap d Sdi Gdn nhtt nhuJig gl md sdng Dttong Ttt da ldm cho Thttong Hdi, hay nhtt nhijng gi md sdng Mississippi c6 t h l da dem dd'n cho vung dat New Orleans md Phdp da tttng sd httu trttdc ddy.. Nhtt the', day Id each thttc den bu cho vdn lid'ng ma chinh quyln Phdp d Sai Gdn da chi t r a cung nhtt tao t i l n de cho Phdp kiS'n ldp nen mgt de chS' a Viln Ddng""".
Tren thttc te', song song vdi qud trinh t l chttc cac dflt t h a m dd vd tham hiem ngflflc sdng Mekong<'2', ^g dpa den quyln bd chtt cua Siam d Ldo, thi ngttdi Phdp dd tttng bttdc day manh anh httdng cung nhtt dp che quyln Ittc cua nilnh d Campuchia. Sau khi chid'm mien Ddng Nam Ky cua Vidt Nam, ngttdi Phdp bat dau hien thttc hda tham vgng cua minh d Campuchia, ddnh dau bang viec vi thd'ng dd'c mdi dflgc bo nhiem la Louis Bonard dan diu hai doan thuyin chie'n thdm nhap vdo Campuchia vdi muc dich yeu cau quyln dttge bao hd va thuc day cac hoat ddng ttt do thflflng mai"^' Nhang "va cham" gitta Phap vd Siam diSn r a gay gat khi Phdp va Campuchia ky ke't hiep ttdc ngay 11/8/1863, theo do, phia Campuchia thtta nhan quyen bao hd cua Phdp tren lanh t h l ddt nttdc mtah. Ld qud'c gia cd quyen ba chu d Campuchia trong mot thdi ky dai trfldc dd, cho nen dilu de hieu la g i n nhtt ngay tttc khac, phia Siam da cd nhttng ttng doi tflc thdi de bao ve lgi ich cua mtah. Va "phan ttng tttc thdi cua Siam dd'i vdi stt ky k i t ban hiep fldc cua Phap nam 1863 ve che do bao hd d Campuchia la chfah thttc phan do'i Drouyn de Lhuys tai Paris va Dd dd'c Grandiere tai Sai Gdn, nhttng den thdng 12 cd ve nhtt hg chap nhan day Id stt dd roi"<"'.
52 Nghiin cvm Ddng Nam A, s6 612016 ' Bdn canh dd, vdi tfl cdch Id Dai stt ddc
mdnh to'dn cua Siam S Phdp, Phraya Montri Suriyawongse dd gdp gd Hodng dd Napoleon III vd n i m b i t dttdc thdng tin quan trgng v l stt b i t ding trong trilu dtoh Phdp ddi vdi nhttng v i n d l USn quan d i n Campuchia, dac bidt la thdng tin v l cdc phe phai phan ddi chlnh sach cua viSn ThS'ng ddc ngttdi Phdp d Nam Kjr. Cd mgt chi tiet rat thu vi v l "ky ndng" ngoai giao cia phia Siam dd la, lgi dung nhttng bat dong cua phia Phdp, ngay tai trieu dinh cua Napoleon III tai Paris, Phraya Montri Suriyawongse da ddng dac dgc mdt vdn ban bdng tieng Siam d l tdi khang dinh quyln bd chu cua Siam tai Battambang vd Angkor (tflc Siem Reap - NTD chtt) cua Campuchia*^^'.
Khdng nhulig vay, khdng lau sau khi Hiep ttdc Phdp vd Campuchia dttflc ky ket, ngay U12/1863, phia Siam cung ky k i t vdi Campuchia mdt mat ttdc vdi nhitag ngi dung tttdng ttt. Theo dd, quo'c vttdng Campuchia la Norodom dd thtta nhan quyln bao hd cua Siam 4 Campuchia, gidng nhtt nhttng gi md hg da trag cho phia
• Phap. Trong mat ttdc ndy, Campuchia dttflc xem Id nttdc chtt h i u cua Siam va Norodom dttflc phong quyln Id Phd vttong hay Kinh Ittdc sfl (Viceroy). Ldi tuydn nhdn cua Siam cung xdc dinh rang Battambang cung vdi Angkor vd cdc p h i n Idnh t h l khac nhau cua Campuchia n i m dttdi quyln kiem seat cua Siam. Ngay cdc tinh Pursat vd Kompong Svai cung v i n nam trong tay Siam"*'. Mdt ttdc ndy Id bttdc di day toan tinh vd bat ngd cua Siam trong ttng dd'i vdi Phdp v l v i n de Campuchia, dilu thu vi Id phdi rat lau sau khi mdt ttdc dttge ky ket, cd nghia Id phai den ngdy 20/8/1864, phia
Phdp mdi b i l t d&i bdn H4t ttdc khi dtt((c td bdo n i l t i f o g Straits Times cua • Smgapore ddng tSi tddn van.
D l xda bd mdt ttSe giiia Siam vk Campuchia, phia P h d p dfi b l n H | m Gabrien Aubaret ldm Bai stt d 6 i B a n g k d r . ^ d l ddm phdn hiSp ttdc Gabriel Anbaref a vdn Id viSn si quan hdi q u t o tre, rffl hilu ngdn ngtt vd vSn hda ctta m i t sS nttde phttdng Ddng nhfl Trung QuSc, Vidt N a m J I Ong t a la ngfldi t t o thdnh ddi vdi nhflng ^ j tuySn bd' ctta Phraya Montri Sunyawong ^^
ve lanh quyln ctta Siam S Battambang vd Angkor, lai Id ngfldi cl xfly cho mdt c h i do bao hd h i n hap gitta Phap vd Siam tren Idnh t h l Campuchia, cho nen dilu d l hilu Id, cac cudc ddm p h t o gitta Aubaret vd ngttdi dai didn ctta Siam Id Kralahom da nhanh chdng di d i n dong t h u t o , va hai bSn ky k i t mOt hiep ttdc mdi vdo ngay 14/4/1865"". Ddy Id b t o hiSp ttdc diy tranh cai, vd n h t o ittdc nhung p h t o ttng trai chilu ttt ca hai phia Phdp va Siam.
B t o hidp ttdc g i m cac ngi dung cd b t o nhtt Siam thtta n h t o stt bdo hd cua Phap S Campuchia; huy bd Hi^p ttdc gitta Siam vd Campuchia k^ ndm 1867; Phdp dong y dl Campuchia ddc I$p trong tflong Iai; bien gidi cdc ttoh Battambang vd Angkor cung nhtt bidn gidi Lao thuSc Siam dfldc gitt nguyen trang; Phdp cdng nhdn Siam l i qud'c gia ddc Idp ttt do...""
Sau khi k J k i t , n M n thdy Hidp ttdc ndy mang lai it lgi lch cho mtoh, Phdp da c6 nhflng nd Ittc nham thay doi. Thttc t l lich stt cho thiy, sau mdt sd cudc ddm p h t o , mdt hidp ttdc mdi ffi dfldc ky ket tai Paris vdo ngdy 15/7/1867 gitta H i u tfldc Marquis Leonel de Moustier, Bg trttdng Bd Ngoji giao cua Phap vd hai dai sfl cua Siam do
NguySn Tign Dung - Nhin lgi ling doi ciia chlnh guyin Siam... 53 Phraya Montri Suriyavrongse dfa diu. 3. N h ^ x e t
HiSp ttdc bao gIra cac ndi dung cfl b t o nhtt sau: Thus nhdt, Siam thtta n h t o stt bdo hd cua Phdp t r t o Ianh t h l Campuchia vd huy bd mdt fldc ky ket giuSi Siam vd Campuchia ngdy 1/12/1863. D l i Iai, Phdp thtta n h t o chu quyen cua Siam d l i vdi Battambang va Angkor, bd di dieu k h o t o sd 4 trong hiep fldc Aubaret (ndi v l biSn gidi); Thii hai, Siam budc phai khttdc til mgi cd'ng pham vd xda bd t h t o phdn chfl h i u cua Campuchia ciing nhtt phai xda bd nhung dilu k h o t o mfl h i tiong hiSp ttdc Aubaret ve stt tfl do vd n l n ddc lap cua Campuchia; Thii ba, Phdp dtoi bao sfl ton trgng cua Campuchia vdi b t o hiSp ttdc; Thii tU, sdng Mekong vd mgi phu Itttt cua nd n a m trong l t o h tho Siam dttdc md ctta cho tau thuyen cua Phdp ttt do di lai, ttt do budn b t o ; Thii nam, ngttdi Campuchia tai Siam phai chiu t h i m quyln tdi p h t o cua Siam va ngttdc l a i " " .
Nhtt vdy, cd the t h i y rang, hiSp ttdc Phap v i Siam ndm 1867 dem Iai cho Siam It Ifli fch hon n h i l u so vdi hiep ttdc Aubaret ndm 1865, mdt hidp ttdc vd'n vtta cha'p n h t o nhttng cung vtta thu tiSu che do bao hd cua Phdp d Campuchia. Thttc chat cua hidp ttdc ndm 1867 Id stt thda t h u t o "man trd" cua hai phia Phap va Siam trong viec p h t o chia pham vi anh httdng va quyln lgi trSn Mnh tho Campuchia. Vdi vide ky ket Mep ttdc nay, Siam dd ttt bd quyen ba chu cia minh va nhttgng Iai quyln bao hg Campuchia cho thttc d t o Phap, d l dli ldy quyln q u t o tri d hai tinh Battambang v i Angkor. Stt nhflflng bd dd khien Siam vtta trdnh dttdc cudc dung dd trttc dien bang vu
• Ittc vdi thflc d t o Phap, vtta dam bao dflgc trgn ven c h i qttyin va n l n ddc ldp tai vung dat b t o bd c i a nflnh.
Trong flng dd'i c i a chinh quyen Siam vdi cac the' lfle phflflng Tdy, neu nhfl quan he gitta Anh-Siam n i l trdi tren phflflng dien thflflng mai, thi n i i trgi trong quan he gitta Phap-Siam thdi ky nay Id cac van de hen quan den tdn gido cung nhtt hoat ding tranh gidnh anh httdng d Campuchia vd Idnh quyln bien gidi vdi p h t o d i t Ldo thugc Siam.
Trttdc t h a m vgng bdnh trttdng cua thttc d t o Phdp d b t o dao Ddng Dttong nhttng ndm 60 c i a the ky XDC, vdn la qud'c gia co quyen ba c h i ldu ddi d Campuchia, cho ndn dilu hien nhien Id Siam da co nhulig hoat dong vd p h t o flng day tinh Unh boat n h i m bao ve Igi ich c i a minh. Nhttng itag dd'i nhanh chdng, c h i ddng cua Siam hen quan dd'n v t o d l bao hd cua Phdp d Campuchia dttdc t h l hien ro qua viec Siam ky mat ttdc vdi Campuchia n a m 1863, hidp ttdc Aubaret vdi Phdp nam 1865 hay nhttng tuyen bo' v l c h i quyln d i y tinh quye't doto vd bat ngd cua ngii Dai stt Phraklang tai trilu dinh Paris nam 1864. Cuoi cung, vdi hiep ttdc Phdp vd Siam ndm 1867, Siam dd bugc phai nhttgng quyln bao ho cia minh a Campuchia cho thttc d t o Phdp, de doi lai quyln q u t o tri hai tinh gidp ranh bidn gidi phia Ddng cia Siam Id Battambang vd Siem Reap. Mdt sd nhd nghien cttfl cho rang, hidp ttdc n i y Id stt that bai ldn cua Siam trong viSc dflflng dau vdi cac t h l Ittc phttdng Tay v i cung dd md dttdng cho chinh sach "doi dat lay hba btah"™>.
Chung tdi khong thdt stt dong y vdi quan diem n i y , du trSn thttc te, d l bao ve dgc lap v i c h i quyln c i a qudc gia minh, Siam da nhttdng cho Phdp quyen bao hd d
54 Nghiin cliu Ddng Nam A, sg 612016 Campuchia vdi d i t o tich khd I t o l i
124.000 km2 trSn tong sd 513.000 km2 md Siam p h l i nhttgng bd chg Anh v i Phdp dttdi thdi hai vua Mongkut vd ChuIalongkornO". Song, nhin lai mdi quan hS gifla Siam vd Campuchia tifldc dd thi cd the k h i n g dinh rang, Campuchia khdng phai Id vung dat "trflc tri" c i a Siam m i ddy t h u i n tuy chi l i md'i quan hS trilu cing, a mdt y nghia ndo dd thl g i n tttdng ttt nhtt glBa "tdn chu" va "bii t h i n " md thoi. Hon ai h i t , chinh n h i vua Mongkut Id ngttdi da f thflc rd r i n g , de bao ve c h i quyen v i Idi ich qud'c gia trSn vung ddt b t o bg thi Siam budc phai "hy smh" quyen Igi cua minh d cac vung Idnh tho ngoai vi nhfl Campuchia. Dieu nay dflgc chinh dng thtta nhdn trong mdt trttdc tac cua minh: "Dilu thieng Udng n h i t vdi chflng t a Id gitt gto dttdc "dat nttdc" vd "quS httong"; mdc du dilu bat bugc Id chtog t a phdi ttt bd quyln lgi vd dnh httdng trttdc d i y cua ntoh"<^^>.
Thflc t l lich stt cho thay, cttng vdi nhttng flng ddi khon ngoan, Unh hoat vdi thflc d t o Anh, thi chinh flng doi d t o g dan, phu hop cia chinh quyln Siam vdi thttc d t o Phdp Id n h t o td quan trgng giup Siam gifl gto dttflc n l n ddc lap cua minh./.
C H U THf C H
Ve ttng dli khon ngoan, dung ddn ciia chinh quyen Siam vdi thflc d t o Anh, chiing tdi da ludn giai v i phan tich trong mdt chuyen luto khdc, xin tham khao ihem: Nguyin Tiln Dung: "tfng dfi cua chinh quyen Siam vdi thttc d t o Anh dudi thdi vua Mongkut (1851-1868), Tap cht
Nghiin citu Lieh si, s l 3 (479) - 2016, tr.
51-66.
2. Do cdc tdu ctta Phdp c6 trgng tdi ldn nSn | khdng t h l vttgt qua dttflc h t a g rdo chin w ninh 6 ctog Paknam v i d i chuyfa dgc t h ^ : sdng Chao Phraya dS Ifa Bangkok, cho Ij nSn, nhd vua Mongkut buOc phdi ctt m?l \ chile thuyin nhd ra ddn v i hO tdng stt doto ctta Phdp.
3. The Dynastic Chronicles Bangkok Era - The Fourth Reign (1851-1868), Vol 1, Translated by Chadin (Kanjanavanit) Flood, The Centre tor East Asian Cultural Studies, Tokyo, Japan, Vol. 1 (1966), pp.
136-136.
4. The Dynastic Chronicles Bangkok Em ~ ' The Fourth Reign (1851-1868), Vol 1, Translated by Chadin (Kanjanavanit) Flood, op. cit, p.l36.
5. The Dynastk Chronicles Bangkok Em - The Fourth Reign (1851-1868), Vol 1, translated by Chadin (Kanjanavanit) Flood, op. cit, p.l37.
6. The Dynastic Chronicles Bangkok Em - The Fourth Reign (1851-1868), Vol 1, translated by Chadin (Kanjanavanit) Flood, op. cit., pp. 137-138.
7. Cho de'n nay, ehttng tdi v t o chtta c6 dilu kien tie'p xuc trttc tiep vdi b t o day dii cia hiep ttdc Phdp vd Siam ndm 1866. Ngay bdn t h t o nguin chinh stt cua Siam Id b6 The Dynastic Chronicles Bangkok Em - The Fourth Reign (1851-1868), mac dii cung cdp thdng tin ve vi|c kf kit hiSp udc nhttng cung khdng cho biet chi tilt vl nOi dung cu t h l md iiai ben da k^ k e t 8. D. G. E. Hall: Lich su: Bdng Nam A, Nxb.
Chinh tri Qudc gia, H i Noi, 1997, tr. 966.
9. John Bloffld: King Maha Mongkut of Siam, The Siam Society, Bangkok, Thailand, 1987, pp. 72-74.
10. Jolm Keay: "The Mekong Exploration Commission 1866-1868: An^o - French
Nguyin Tien Dung - Nhin lai ttng doi cua chinh quyin Siam..
Rivalry m Southeast Asia, Joumal of Asian Affairs, Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group, Vol XXXVI, No. Ill, November 2006, p. 289.
11. John Keay: "The Mekong Exploration Commission 1866-1868: Anglo - French Rivalry in Southeast Asia, op. cit, p. 290.
12. Ve cdc chuyen thdm hilm vd thdm db ngttgc dbng sdng Mekong d b t o ddo Ddng Dttong, xm tham khdo them: Louis de Camd:
Travels on the Mekong: Cambosia, Laos and Yunnan, The Political and Trade Report of Mekong Exploration (Commission (June 1866 - June 1868), White Lotus Press, Bangkok, Thailand, 2000; John Keay: "The Mekong Exploration Commission 1866- 1868: Anglo - French Rivaliy m Southeast Asia, op. dt., p. 289-312..
13. Patrick Tuck: The French Wolf and the Siamese Lamb: The French Threat to Siamese Independence 1858-1907, White Lotus, Bangkok, Thailand, 1995, pp. 17-18.
Sd dl ngttW Phdp cho rtog mtah c6 quyin dttflc bdo hg d Campuchia Id vi sau khi k^
ket vdi Vi?t Nam hilp ttdc ntoi 1862, ho cho rtog Tninb dttflc quyen thay the Siam dp dat chi da bdo hg d day.
14. Ministeredes Affaires Etrangeres, Asia XXK, 1864-1866, Indo-Chme 111, Phraklang sent to Giandifere, December 11, 1863, pp. 84-85; d t o theo R. Stanley Thomson: "Siam and France 1863-1870", Joumal of the Far Eastern Quarterly, Columbia Umversity Press, Vol 6, No. 1 (November 1946), p. 28.
16. Lawrence Palmer Briggs: "Aubaret and the Treaty of July 16,1867 between France and Siam", op. cit., p. 128.
16. Lawrence Palmer Briggs: "Aubaret and the Treaty of July 16,1867 between France and Siam", op. cit, p. 129.
17. Dai dito phia Siam kJ ket hilp udc ndy l i Phraya Montri Suriyawongse.
18. Feman Bernard: A L' ecole des
Diplomates: La Perte et le Retour D' Angkor, Paris, 1933, pp. 44-46; d t o theo Lawrence Pahner Briggs. "Aubaret and the Treaty of July 16, 1867 between France and Siam", op. cit, pp. 130-131.
19. Hi|n nay, chtog tdi v t o chtta c6 dilu kiln tilp cto vdi b t o day du cua hilp ttdc Phdp v i Siam ngiy 16/7/1867. Vi ngi dung cua b t o liilp udc, xm tham khao them: Patrick Tuck: The French Wolf and the Siamese Lamb: The French Threat to SUmiese Independence 1858-1907, op. cit, pp. 28- 31; Lawrence Palmer Briggs: "Aubaret and the Treaty of July 16,1867 between France and Siam", op. cit, p. 137.
20. Khi tihin n h t o vd ddnh gid vi lliep ttdc gitta Phap v i Siam nam 1867, mot sd nha nghien cttu cho rtog, hiep udc Id budc nhttgng bg ldn cua Siam dli vdi thuc d t o Phdp ctog nhfl cdc nudo phttong Tdy sau niy vd no ciing md ddu cho qud trito "dimg dat dai dl mua ldy hda binh" cua Siam trong suit ntta cuoi the the ky XIX, dau the ky XX. Xtti xem cu thl: Ddo Minh Hong:
Chinh sach d6i ngoai ciia Thai Lan (XiSm) niia cudi the ky XDC - ddu the ky XX, Luto to Tiln si Lich stt, Tmdng Dai hpc Khoa hoc Xa hSi vd Nhto vto - Dai hpc QuSc gia Thdnh phi H i Chi Muih, 2001, tr. 66-66;
Nguyin Vto Tto: Nhin lgi chinh sdch ngogi giao 'doi dot lay hoa binh' cua Xi'em trong quan he vdi Anh, Phdp tU nia saa nhimg nam 50 cua thi kj XIX cho din nhitng nam diu cua thi ky XX, Tap chi Khoa hoc, Dai hpc Hui, s l 60-2010, tr. 176-181- 21. Abbot Low Moffat: Mongkut, the King of
Siam, op. cit, p. 18.
22. Bto dich bttc thu cua n h i vua Mongkut gtti de'n Phraya Suriyawongse Vayavatoana, Dai sfl Bac mcto cua Siam den Paris, ngiy 4/3/1867, in trong Pramoj MS, pp. 179-186; quotation p. 186; dto theo Abbot Low Moffat: Mongkut, the King of Siam, op. cit., p. 17.
