NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
Giai phap ddi mdi hoat dong cua Cdng doan Viet Nam trong bdi canh hoi nhap qudc te
Nguy&iVanCiiong Truong Chinh trl To Hieu Hai Phong
Qui trinh hoi nhap kinh te qu6c t« da tac dOng manh me den M In cua c6ng doan trong dm s((ng kinh t « - cWnh tri - xa hoi 6 Vi^t Nam. Tuy nhien, do nhiiu nguySn nhan, cong doan con lung lung v6 mo h,nh to ct^uc va phuong phap hoat dong. Trong qu4 trinh hOi nhjp kinh tfi' quoc te', nhieu loa, hinh doanh ngh.ep dang xum hl«n va ngay cang phat trifo. Do la "manh dSt" cho cong doan hoat dong, nhung dong Iho, cung do, ho, c6ng doan phai doi moi noi dung, phuong phap hoat dOng cho phu hop voi xu th€ moi, phat huy hch cvc va. Oo cua minh trong xa hdi.
1. Stf can thiet phai tloi moi hoat donp cong floan Viet Nam trong hoi canh hoi nhap qudc te
Trong nhiing nam qua, Cdng doan chua thyc sy cd budc chuyen phti hop vdi bdi canh phat tridn trong nude va qudc t^. Vi vay, ddi mdi hogt dpng cdng doan la v^n d^ ccip bach hi#n nay.
Thii nhcit, ddi mdi boat ddng cdng doan xuat phat tir nhung ddi hdi ciia n^n kinh te' thi tnrdng. Nen kinh te' thi trudng da tao ra hang loat sy thay ddi Idn cho dat nude. Cung vdi sy gia tang lyc luong lao dpng, doan vien cdng doan trong cac thanh phan kinh le la su djch chuydn lao dpng giua cac khu vuc, cac vting mi^n dac bi^t la su gia tang nhanh chdng sd lupng lao ddng trong cae docinh nghidp tu nhan, doanh nghiep cd vd'n dau tu nude ngoai. Quan he lao ddng ngay cang trd nen phiic tap. Trong khi dd, boat ddng cdng doan eac c^p cdn cd nhi^u ban chd. Ne'u cdng doan khdng thuc hidn day dii vai trd ciia minh se lam giam Slit Idng tin ciia ngudi lao ddng, hau qua xau cd the xay ra la cdng doan khdng cd chd diing trong tap the ngudi lao ddng.
Thu hai,bdi canh hdi nhap kinh te lam nay sinh yeu ciiu phai ddi mdi boat ddng ciia cdng doan trong bdi canh hien nay. Su gia tang d at ciia cac nha dau tu nude ngoai da tao ra sy phat trien rat nhanh ciia khoa hpc cdng nghe. Ddng thdi, hoi nhap kinh te' cung tao ra qua trinh ddi mdi doanh nghiep nha nude nhu cd ph^n hoa, vi^c thanh lap cdc cdng ty me - con. Dieu dd dat ra yeu c^u phai ddi mdt md hinh td chuc, phuang thiic boat ddng, day manh su phat trien cdng doan d tat ca cac thanh phan kinh te.
Thii ba, ddi mdi phuong thiic boat dong cua cdng doan nham bat kjp cac nude tien tien tren the' gidi.
Trong dieu kien toan cdu boa hien nay, sy giao luu hoi nh$p trong pham vi toan cau khdng chi dirng d ITnh vyc kinh td ma cdn tac ddng ca ve mat xa hoi, trong
1 0 K I N H rt C H A U A - T H A I S I N H DUONG ITHANIS 6 / Z O 1 9
do ed hoat ddng cdng doan. Hien nay, boat ddng edng doan cap khu vuc va qudc td cd nhieu di^n bidn phiic tap. Mot sd td ehiic cdng doan ed xu the thoai trao.
Mdt sd to chirc cdng doan bj chi phd'i bdi nhidu ydu td phi lao ddng khac. Nhieu td chiic cdng doan qudc td va cdng doan d mdt sd qudc gia mac du ed cung myc ti6u bao ve ngudi lao ddng, song cdn nhi^u mau thuin trong td chiic va boat ddng cdng doan.Vi vay, cdng doan Viet Nam phai nhanh chdng ddi mdi de phat trien phii hop vdi cac nude trdn the gidi ddng thdi md rdng giao luu hop tac, trao ddi kinh nghidm vdi cdng doan cac nude nham tang cudng mdi quan he, thiic d^y vi sy phat trien chung ciia cdng doan the gidi.
Thii tu, sy Idn manh ciia td chire dai didn ngudi sii dung lao dpng cung la mdt nhan td cho thay sy Ccin thiet phai ddi mdi boat ddng cua cdng doan. Klii tham gia hdi nhap qudc te, Ian sdng dau tu se phat tridn manh me keo theo viec hinh thanh cac cdng ty da qudc gia, cung nhu cac tap doan, cac cdng ty cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai. Theo dd, su lien ket eiia ngudi sii dyng lao ddng nham tang nang suat lao ddng, tim kiem loi n h u ^ cao nhat se gia tang. He qua ciia viec dd khdng chi d Ipi nhuan ma cdn la su Idn manh ciia td chiic dai didn ngudi sii dung lao ddng. Dd la mdt thach thirc khdng nhd ddi voi boat ddng cdng doan. Td chiic cua ngudi sit dung lao ddng cang Idn manh thi yeu cau cua gioi ebu ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng cang khat khe, tieng ndi ciia gidi chii trong xa hdi cang cd trgng lugng hon.Nhu vgy, doi mdi boat ddng ciia td chiic cdng doan la mot vgn de cap bach va can thiet phti hpp vci thdi dai cung nhu dinh menh ciia dat nude.
2. Hhthig yeu cau dat ra voi. cong doan Viet Nam trong hoi canh hoi nhap quoc te
Cong doan Viet Nam la td chiic chinh hi - ^^ j^^.
ciia giai cap cdng nhan, vien chiic lao dong. Vi v^y, ^^j gia nhap V^O thdi ca va thd thach dang dat ra nh[^
van d^ ddi vdi cdng doan. Trong dd cd nhiing ydu cau cp ban sau:
Thii nh^t, Cdng doan phai thyc su thyc hidn tdt chirc nang bao ve ngudi lao ddng. N^n kinh td cang phat tri^n thi mau thuan loi ich giua chu va thp cang gay gdt. Lam sao dd dung boa dupe mdi quan he chu- thp la ydu cdu dat ra ddi vdi moi c^p, mdi can bd cdng doan. Ddng thdi, cung phai dam bao cac quy luat khach quan ciia nen kinh td thi trudng, giiip cho cac dpanh nghidp phat tridn dung hudng, dat hidu qua san xuat kinh doanh. Trong giai doan hidn nay, cdng doan phai t$p trung vao chiie nang ehinh la bao ve quyen, Ipi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi lao ddng. Ndu lam tdt chiic nang, nhidm vu nay se thay ddi thai dd eiia ngudi lao ddng vdi td chiic cdng doan. Cdng doan vdi tu each la hgng tai, la ngudi tryc tidp giam sat, thdng qua cac hocit dpng, gdp ph^n tao dyng mdi quan bd lao ddng trd nen hai boa, dung luat.
Thii hai, Cong doan phai lam tdt vai trd bao ve ngucri lao ddng nhung khdng can trd doanh nghiep trong bdi canh Viet Nam da trd thanh thanh vien ciia WTO. D^ Viet Nam bd thanh thanh vidn cua WTO, Viet Nam phai chap nhan cac quy dinh chung ciia qudc td, trong dd cd viec tap mdi trudng d^u tu lanh manh. Cae nha dku tu khi den Vidt Nam lap nghiep deu nh^m muc tieu Ipi nhuan. Noi nao, linh vyc nao cd Ipi nhuan cao thi noi dd, llnh vyc dd se thu hiit dupe nhi^u ngudn vd'n dau tu. Ndu vi bao ve Ipi ich cho ngudi lao ddng ma lam thidt hai cho nha d^u tu se tac ddng x^u lam giam canh tranh thu hut vdn dau tu nude ngoai. Do dd, trong viec bao ve Icri ich cua ngudi lao ddng, cdng doan phai can ddi vdi loi ich ciia nha ddu tu.
Thii ba, Cdng doan phai dii manh dd tham gia quan hd vdi cdng doan qudc te. Mue tidu chung ciia cdng doan thd gidi noi chung va cdng doan Viet Nam ndi rieng khi tham gia cdng doan thd gidi la nham mue tidu chung cua nhan loai, vi boa binh doe lap dan tdc, vi myc tidu sdng lanh manh, phat trien va tien bd xa hdi. Khi tham gia vao phong trao cdng doan the' gidi, cdng doan Viet Nam tranh thii hpc hdi dupe kinh nghiem ly luan cung nhu thyc tien cua cae edng doan the gidi, hop tac hiru nghl giiia lao ddng va cdng doan cac nude. Dd xay dyng dupe mdi quan be vdi cdng dpan qudc td, edng doan Vi^t Nam Ccin md rdng quyen chii ddng ciia cdng doan cae Ccip trong hoat ddng ddi ngo^i, tang cudng sy thdng nh^t cdng tac ddi ngogi trong toan he thdng cdng doan.
Thii tu, tang cudng boat ddng ciia cdng doan d khu vyc ed vdn ddu tu nude ngoai. Qua trinh bdi nhap sd tao di^u kidn thuan loi cho cac nha dciu tu dau tu vao Viet Nam tim ki^m Ipi nhu^n, tgo cdng an vide lam eho ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam. Chinh vi vay, tang cudng hogt dpng ciia cdng dpan d khu vyc cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai cQng ia mdt ydu c^u c^p thidt dat ra trong bdi canh hidn nay. Ddi vdi khu vuc kinh td cd vdn dau
tu nude ngoai, edng doan phai d^y manh edng tac tuydn tmyen va van ddng thanh lap td chirc cdng doan CP sd, phat hien doan vien, gdp phan lam chuyen bien nhan Ihiic ciia ngudi lao ddng ciing nhu ngudi sii dung lao ddng, thuc day du luan xa hdi cd vu ling hd viec thanh lap td chirc cdng doan.
3. Mot SO giai phap doi mdi hoat ddng cua cdng doan Viet Nam trong bdi canh hoi nhap
Dd khai thac tdi da nhirng thuan loi va giam thidu den miic thap nhat nhung tac ddng ciia qua trinh hdi nhap vdi cdng doan Viet Nam, tdi xin dua ra mdt sd kien nghi nhu sau:
Thii nhat, ban hanh luat Cdng doan mdi cho phti hpp vdi didu kien kinh te' xa bdi. Ban hanh luat cdng doan mdi cho phii hpp vdi didu kien kinh te xa hpi trong tinh hinh hien nay bdi Luat Cdng doan nam 1990 ra ddi khi cae thanh phAn kinh td chua da dang, mdi quan he chii — thp khdng phire tap nhu giai doan bidn nay.Vi v^y, khi xay dyng Luat Cdng doan mdi can chii trpng vai trd ciia cdng doan trong cac thanh phan kinh td nb^t la cac doanh nghidp cd vdn dau tu nude ngoai.
Ddng thdi, xay dung tdt co chd ba bdn giQa nha nude - cdng doan - chii sii dyng lao ddng.
Thir hai, md rdng quydn va trach nhiem cua cdng doan. Md rdng quydn va trach nhidm cua cdng doan trong ITnh vuc viec lam va hpc nghe, phai quy dinh rd trach nhiem cua edng doan trong cac cap hgc, nganh nghd. Can ban hanh mdt chuong trinh hoat ddng eu the cho cac cap cdng doan trong viec dao tao, nang cao tay nghd cua ngudi lao ddng. Cd chinh sach hd hp kinh phi cho cdng doan dd cdng doan hoat ddng hoac thanh lap quy hpc nghe, vide lam tii cdng doan cap huydn trd len. Ddi vdi linh vuc bao hd lao ddng, thanh lap thanh tra cdng doan nganh, thanh tra cdng doan c^p tinh.
Thir ba, xay dyng thoa udc lao ddng tap th^ phu hcrp. Cdng doan can tap tmng ky ket thoa udc trong timg loai hinh doanh nghiep, trudng hpp docinh nghiep khdng xay dung thoa udc se hi ap dung cac bidn phap xu phat tuy theo muc dd vi pham. Sau khi thye hien tdt cdng vide tren, cdng doan se tien hanh ky ke't thoa udc theo nganh dac biet vdi cac nganh ddt may, da giay, xay dyng, che bien thuy san trong dd phai hai hoa duac loi ich ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi loi ich ciia doanh nghiep. Trong viec ky ket thoa udc lao ddng t^p the nganh, edng doan cac cap phai phdi hop chat che vdi nhau, len kd hoach phuang an cy thd.
Xay dyng thoa udc tap the nganh la mdt edng viec khd ddi hdi trinh do, sy ed gang ciia mdi cac bd cdng doan, mdi c^p cdng doan.
Thii ty, tang cudng bao hd lao ddng. Nen ban hanh Luat bao hd lao ddng trong dd quy dinh rd rang, chi tiet cac van de an toan ve sinh lao ddng, thdi gid lam vide, thdi gid nghi ngai, dieu kien lam viec... Luat bao hd lao ddng phai quy dinh ro quydn kiem ha, giam sat
NGHIEN CUU
RESEfiRCR
cua cdng doan, hinh thirc kiem tra, bien phap xii phat ma edng doan dugc quydn ap dung khi doanh nghidp vi pham edng tac an toan ve sinh, lao ddng. Mat khac, eho phep cdng doan thanh lap hdi ddng bao hp !ao ddng d eac tinh, thanh phd vdi nhiem vu kiem tra.
liddn cho can bd cdng doan. Hcin chd thap nh^t va o ^^
cham diit tinh trang can bg lanh dao chuyen kidm chii tich cdng doan.
. ^^n ren - Mat khac, ban than can bg cdng doan c^' ^^^
luyen, nang cao ban linh va phai nhan thiic dung\
-^•^ loi icn giam sat cdng tac bao hp lao ddng d cac doanh dung, ndi diing, dam dau tranh bao ve quy^f' nghiep va hd tro eho thanh tra cdng doan. hpp phap ciia ngudi lao ddng. Mdi can bd cdng ^
Thii nam, nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng ciia cdng phai ty dao tao, ty bdi duong nang cao ^^j^^^l^^^y^f^g doan CO sd. Ket qua hoat dpng ciia cdng doan co sd
cd y nghia bdt siic quan trpng ddi vdi td chiic cdni doan. Hi?u qua boat dpng cua cong doan ca sd tdt se nang cao uy tin cua cdng doan cap tren. Nguac iai, boat ddng ciia cdng doan cap tren tdt se tao dieu kien, hd trp, giiip da cho cdng doan co sd hoat dpng hieu
mat. can bd cdng doan can kip thdi nam bat n g ig thanh tyu mdi trong khoa hoc cdng nghe, }^'^^. "?P
tac dpng cua nd ddi vdi ddi sdng kinh te - ^^ • >
chdng Iai nhung tieu eye do su lam dung tidn bd khoa hpc vi Ipi ich rieng.
• Tap tmng hudng dan can bd cdng doan co so men qua hon.Vi vay, nang cao hieu qua boat ddng cua tham gia Ian dau nam dupe cae hoat ddng, tidn tdi edng doan co sd luon la mdi quan tam hang dau trong dao tao chuyen mdn nghiep vu cdng tac cdng doan giai doan hi^n nay. Cu the hoa cac quy dinh ciia phap cho hg.
luat nh^m tang them nhiem vu cho cdng doan eo sd, cung nhu ePng doan cap tren trong viec tidn hanh xSy dyng thoa udc lao ddng tap the d cac tdng cdng ty, cap nganh. Tang cudng sy giiip dd, tao dieu kien ciia edng doan cSp tren vdi cdng doan co sd va thye hien kiem tra, giam sat eac che' dd ehinh sach ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng.
Thti sau, ddi mdi phuang thiic boat ddng cua edng doan. Ddi mdi phuong thiic boat ddng cua cdng doan la mdt vSn de quan trgng. Cd ddi mdi thi mdi thu hiit dupe dpng dao ngudi lao ddng tham gia vao to chiic cdng doan. VI vay, noi dung va phuong phap hoat ddng cua cdng doan phai phong phii, da dang phii hop vdi titng loai hinh kinh te, khdng rap khudn may mdc, cung nhae ma phai that linh hoat, mem deo, da dang hoa de thyc hien diing chitc nang ehii ye'u eiia cdng doan la bao ve quydn Ipi ich hpp phap ciia ngudi lao ddng.
Bang phuong phap hoat ddng ehu yeu la tuyen tmyen, van dpng, thuye't phuc vdi nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, cdng doan phai tuyen tmydn cho moi ddi tuong ve thdi co va thach thue khi nude ta gia nhap WTO, giao due nhan thtic ve WTO ddng thdi phai i
- Can bo edng doan cap tren chii hong, giiip dd can bd cdng doan cap duoi, ciing ed lai cac cdng doan ydu kem.
- can bd cdng doan phai I^y ngudi lao ddng va doan vien edng doan la myc tidu, la ddng luc chu khdng phai phuang tidn hoat ddng. Vi vay, cdng doan cac cap phai cham lo va quan tam den tam tu, nguydn vpng, den viec lam, ddi sdng va phai bao vd quyen Ipi cho ngudi lao ddng ngay tir khi hg mdi di lam.
4. Ket luan
Bdi canh hpi nhap quoc te da khidn cho thi trudng lao ddng, dac diem san xuat ciia cac doanh nghiep thay ddi ddi hdi cdng doan Viet Nam cung phai cd nhOng thay ddi cho phii hop de cham lo, cai thien ddi sdng, bao dam viec lam, bao ve quydn loi ich hpp phap, chinh dang cua ngudi lao ddng. Mudn vay, chinh phii Viet Nam khdng chi can dieu chinh he thdng luat phap lien quan den quyen loi ciia ngudi lao ddng, ddi mdi each thiic boat ddng, md rpng trach nhiem ciia cdng doan ma cdn can day manh ban ntra cdng tac tuydn truyen, giao due ngudi lao ddng, trong do ehu trpng cac ndi dung nham gdp phan nang cao nhan thiic ve co hoi va nhtrng thach lidn vdi vide bdi duang, ren luyen dao due Idi sdng eho '^"c, khd khan ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng khi Viet Nam hdi ngudi lao ddng irong mdi trudng lao dpng va tap th^. nhap qudc le./.
Thir bay, hoan thien eong tac phat Iridn can bd cdng doan. Cdng tac can bd can phai hoan thien 6 nhirng didm sau: ,. .
- Can ra soat lai dpi ngu can bg cong doan. Tich *^' -^ ' " ^ ' " ™ ^ "
eye dao tgo, bdi duong, nang cao chat lupng doi ngu ^an ddi ngoai TLDLDVN (2000), Toan cau hoa va can bd- Day la nhiem vu mang tinh cap bach, chien phong trao cdng doan thd gidi, NXB Lao dong, Ha Ngi lupc CLia td chiic cdng doan, bd tri can bd cdng doan Pham Quang Ddng (2004)Cdng doan td chiic dai ve tirng don vi. Dao tao, bdi dudng nhiing kien thirc ve dien tap the ngudi lao dong ly luan va thuc lien,Luan ly luan va nghiep vu cho ddi ngu can bd dong thdi van thac si trudng Dai hpc Cdng doan, nam 2004.
trang bi ea kien thuc phap luat, tam ly eho hp. Tgj^g li^^^ ^^^^ i^^ ^^j,g Viet Nam (20]5),Tai lieu - Dau tu kinh phi thoa dang eho viec dao tao boi boi dudng can bd cdng doan co sd. NXB Lao d6ng ux dudng can bd cdng doan. Ra soat lai muc tieu, noi Noi.
dung, chupng trinh, phuang phap dao tao, ky nang
